Bryophyte Wales Bryoffytauar gyfer Cymru

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A Bryophyte Red Data List for W

alesRhestr D

ata Coch Bryoffytauar gyfer Cymru

Rhestr Data CochBryoffytauar gyferCymru

Sam Bosanquet Countryside Council for Wales &British Bryological SocietyTrevor DinesPlantlife Cymru

ABryophyteRed Data List

for

Wales

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A Bryophyte Red Data List

for Wales

Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer

Cymru

Sam Bosanquet Countryside Council for Wales & BritishBryological Society

Trevor Dines Plantlife Cymru

Cite as: Bosanquet, S. and Dines, T. (2011), A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales, Plantlife, Salisbury.

A Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales

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Rhestr Data Coch Bryoffytau ar gyfer Cymru

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A Bryophyte Red Data List

for WalesFollowing the publication of A Vascular Plant Red Data Listfor Wales (Dines, 2008), Plant Link Cymru is promoting theproduction of similar Red Data Lists for other groups ofplants in Wales where possible, especially where this willimprove our knowledge of the threats facing these speciesand the availability of data.

This report is the first to assign threat categories to Welshmosses, liverworts and hornworts (bryophytes), and the first touse IUCN categories at a regional scale for this taxon group inGreat Britain. Wales has a particularly rich bryophyte flora, with agreater proportion of Britain’s species occurring within itsborders than is the case for vascular plants, and a far greaternumber reaching the limits of their range within the country.Some bryophytes have been found to be more threatened inWales than in Britain as a whole, whilst others appear to beholding their own more effectively in Wales than in England orScotland. Wales has a responsibility to protect and conserve all ofthese threatened species, and the list of bryophytes that appearon the next revision of Section 42 of the Natural Environmentaland Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species of principal importance in Wales) should be informed by thefindings of this study.

This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru with thesupport of the Countryside Council for Wales and the BritishBryological Society.


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Contents1 Introduction 6

2 Implementation of this Red Data List 7

3 Coverage 83.1 Taxonomic coverage 83.2 Alien status 83.3 Geographic coverage 9

4 Data sources 10

5 Application of IUCN criteria 115.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 115.2 Treating Wales as a region 125.3 IUCN categories in Wales 135.4 Limitations of the analysis 14

6 Explanation of the Wales Red Data List 156.1 Species information 156.2 National responsibility and edge of range 156.3 Wales Red Data List categories, criteria and justification 16

7 Analysis 177.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data Lists 177.2 Taxa extinct in Wales 197.3 Taxa “doing better” in Wales 207.4 Taxa “doing worse” in Wales 217.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in Wales 237.6 Species for which Wales has a particular responsibility 26

8 Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales 28

9 Excluded taxa 49

10 Acknowledgements 50

11 References 51


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1. IntroductionWales supports almost three quarters of all British bryophyte species with 811 of the 1110listed in the latest Census Catalogue (Hill et al., 2008), or 73% – a remarkably highproportion compared with the 54% of British vascular plants found in Wales. Bryophytesrange from the lowland mosses of the Wye Valley woodlands and Gower coast to montanespecies of Snowdonia’s cliffs, and from the tiny liverworts of raised bogs in west Wales, tothe drought-tolerant rarities of Stanner Rocks in Radnorshire. This flora has been studiedfor more than 150 years and documented in a series of papers and books (e.g. Smith,2004; Hill, 1988; Bosanquet et al., 2005; Woods, 2006).

Habitat loss and environmental changes have put much of our biodiversity under threat,and bryophytes are no exception. Some of our rarest species are found in arable fields,exposed to constantly changing farming practices, whilst others are at the southern edgeof their British range in the mountains of Snowdonia and are vulnerable to climatechange. Yet mosses and liverworts are generally overshadowed by their larger and moreglamorous flowering relatives, or by flagship species like birds and butterflies. It is Wales’responsibility to protect not just our most obvious species, but also the more subtlerarities. With such a large proportion of British bryophytes found in Wales, we also have aspecial responsibility to care for them.

The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008) applied IUCN criteria (version 3.1)to Welsh vascular plants in order to identify Wales’ most threatened species. This studyapplies the same criteria to our bryophytes. By using these scientifically robust criteria,modified where necessary to take into account differences in levels of recording, we canselect a list of priority species that are threatened with extinction at a regional level. Manyof these are at the southern or northern limit of their British range in Wales, so loss fromWales would mean a significant reduction in British range. Already, some 26 bryophytesare thought to have been lost from Wales since the early 20th century, more than half ofwhich are northern species that previously had their southern British limit in Wales.

This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru and the Countryside Council for Waleswith assistance from several Welsh bryologists and from the Biological Records Centre,Wallingford.


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2. Implementation of this Red Data ListOne aim of this report is to assess the risk of extinction facing bryophytes in Wales sothat the current conservation priority list - Section 42 of the Natural Environmental andRural Communities Act (NERC) 2006, Habitats and species of principal importance inWales – which was based on 2005 British threat levels (Hodgetts, unpublished, onwww.jncc.gov.uk, updating Church et al., 2001), can be modified to take into accountspecies that are threatened in Wales. However, Wales is a political, not biogeographic, areaand this list should not be used in isolation without reference to Hodgetts’ revised BritishBryophyte Red List (Hodgetts, 2011). Because two threat lists now exist for Welshbryophytes, some guidance is needed on how these lists should be used, especially giventhat some taxa have different threat levels in Wales and the whole of Britain.

Any taxon that is threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) or NearThreatened in Great Britain (Hodgetts, 2011) should also be regarded as a priority forconservation in Wales, regardless of its threat status in Wales. The bryophytes currentlylisted under Section 42 are based on the GB Red Data List and this remains legallybinding. The categories of threat given by Hodgetts are based on an assessment ofnational distribution and decline, and apply throughout the current range of each taxonin Great Britain.

If a taxon is less threatened in Wales than it is in Great Britain (i.e., it has a lower categoryof threat than it has in Great Britain as a whole or is even classified as Least Concern inWales), the Welsh population must still be regarded as a critically important componentof the GB population and deserves full protection in Wales with appropriate conservationmeasures. This is because it represents a part of the whole GB population that has morechance of surviving and recovering than the GB population as a whole. Should the GBpopulation outside Wales continue to decline, the Welsh population will becomeincreasingly important, again regardless of its status within Wales. Should the Welshpopulation begin to decline, or decline more rapidly than before, the species will beregarded as even more threatened in GB as a whole.

Taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Great Britain should naturally beconsidered as priorities for conservation within Wales. The results of this Red Data Listshould inform the list of bryophytes that appear on the next revision of Section 42 of theNatural Environmental and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species ofprincipal importance in Wales).

The most pressing issue for bryophyte conservation is that many of the taxa listed herehave not been looked for since the 1970s and it is perfectly possible that colonies havebeen lost without anyone realising. Accurate documentation of the location and size ofremaining populations of Wales’ rarest bryophytes is urgently needed.


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3. Coverage3.1 Taxonomic coverageAll of the mosses, liverworts and hornworts recorded in Wales have been assessed for thisRed Data List. This amounts to 848 taxa according to the latest Census Catalogue (Hill etal., 2008) with two species, Daltonia splachnoides and Schistidium helveticum, addedsubsequently. These 850 taxa comprise: 587 moss species with 31 additional varietiesand 1 additional subspecies; 221 liverwort species with 4 additional varieties and 2additional subspecies; and 4 hornwort species. A further 22 varieties and one species(Fossombronia husnotii) which were listed in the previous Census Catalogue (Blockeel &Long, 1998) were originally assessed, but many of these have been so poorly recorded inrecent decades that it was impossible to determine whether they have declined or merelybeen ignored recently. Despite this, bryologists tend to take infraspecific taxa veryseriously – perhaps more so than vascular plant botanists – and many subspecies andvarieties are recorded with as much rigour as species. Some varieties appear to be almostdistinctive enough to be species anyway, but are known to intergrade either in Britain orelsewhere in their range. All taxa have therefore been assessed, although some of the lesswell-known varieties have been placed on the Waiting List or the Data Deficient list.

The Schistidium apocarpum aggregate was subdivided by Blom (1996) and is somethingof a bryological equivalent of the vascular genus Euphrasia (Eyebrights), but thankfullywithout the hybridisation. Its members have not been evenly recorded in Wales and thestatus of most remains uncertain. Three that are thought to be particularly uncommon,judging by recent records, are assigned a threat status although S. trichodon wasdowngraded from Regionally Extinct to Critically Endangered because its apparent lossmay not be genuine. Six others are on the Waiting List or Data Deficient list because theyare so poorly known. No other bryophyte genus is as taxonomically problematic.

Hybrids are much less of an issue in bryophytes than in vascular plants because thehybrid generation is the sporophyte, which is never produced in isolation from thephotosynthesising gametophyte generation. The only hybrid sporophytes confirmed fromWales are Weissia brachycarpa x longifolia, although Aphanorhegma patens xPhyscomitrium sphaericum has been found just across the border in Cheshire and couldoccur at the latter’s two Welsh sites. Hybrid sporophytes are not thought to be ofconservation concern at present.


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3.2 Alien statusOnly six Welsh bryophyte species were considered to be of recent introduced origin by Hillet al. (2007) (i.e. they are neophytes, meaning they were introduced after 1500AD):Atrichum crispum, Campylopus introflexus, Didymodon umbrosus, Hennediellastanfordensis, Lophocolea semiteres and Orthodontium lineare. The Didymodon andLophocolea are rare in Wales but have not been assigned to a threat category because oftheir non-native status. It is possible that other Welsh bryophytes are archaeophytes(introduced before 1500AD), especially some arable taxa and metalophytes (species ofsubstrates rich in heavy metals, such as some mine spoil). Hill et al. consideredAnthoceros agrestis, Bryum ruderale, Bryum violaceum, Cephaloziella massalongi*,Cephaloziella nicholsonii*, Dicranella staphylina, Didymodon tomaculosus*, Ditrichumplumbicola, Phaeoceros carolinianus*, Scopelophila cataractae*, Targionia hypophyllaand Weissia squarrosa* to be possible archaeophytes, but the lack of proof means that allhave been included in the Red Data List analysis and several of them (marked *) havebeen assigned a threat category.

3.3 Geographic coverageThis Red Data List covers the country of Wales, including the 13 vice-counties ofMonmouthshire (vice-county number 35), Glamorgan (41), Brecknockshire (42),Radnorshire (43), Carmarthenshire (44), Pembrokeshire (45), Cardiganshire (46),Montgomeryshire (47), Merionethshire (48), Caernarvonshire (49), Denbighshire (50),Flintshire (51) and Anglesey (52).

In the absence of more detailed tetrad recording, decline statistics were based on data forWelsh hectad (10 km square of the Ordnance Survey grid) records from the BritishBryological Society database held by the Biological Records Centre. Almost all theserecords are correctly attributed to a vice-county, but a few records from the Welsh borderresult from hectad record cards put together for the bryophyte Atlas (Hill et al., 1991-1994) and could come from England (R.G. Woods, pers. comm.). The western distributionof most of Wales’ threatened bryophytes means that this is unlikely to be much of anissue when assessing declines.


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4. Data sourcesThe British Bryological Society (BBS) database is maintained by the Biological RecordsCentre (BRC) at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford. Almost all records in thedatabase were assigned to a hectad (10 km square of the Ordnance Survey grid) forproduction of the bryophyte Atlas (Hill et al., 1991-94), and the majority are assigned to avice-county (see section 3.3 for a caveat about border hectads). In 2010, Chris Preston atBRC generated hectad counts for all Welsh bryophytes using two date classes: all recordsand post-1970 records. The difference between these counts was used to inform IUCN threatcriterion A, which for the purpose of this study looks exclusively at levels of decline indistribution or Area of Occupancy (AOO). The only alteration to these figures resulted fromsome contract surveys of north Wales sites that resulted in post-2000 records of variousimportant species, which had not reached the BBS database. The 1970 cut-off was used inlight of the paucity of recent north Wales recording: if 1980 were used, as in Hodgetts (2011)then apparent declines due to the lack of data would be even more of a problem.

Other IUCN criteria (B, C and D) examine the current number of sites, populations orindividuals in the area being considered. Criteria B and C also require evidence of anyongoing decline, or fragmented or restricted locations or extreme fluctuations. For thesecriteria, detailed information from the Threatened Bryophytes Database (Hodgetts, 2003)was used, along with vice-county Floras and registers. These are vice-counties: 35(Bosanquet, 2003); 41 (Perry, 1994); 42 (Woods, 2006); 43 (Woods, 1993); 44 (Bosanquet etal., 2005); 45 (Bosanquet, 2010); 46 (Hale, 1998); 47-52 (Hill, 1988). All have beensupplemented by more recent recording, especially by the BBS (46 & 50), P.M. Benoit (48),T.H. Blackstock (north Wales), S.D.S. Bosanquet (south Wales), M. Lawley (42, 43 & 47), G.S.Motley (35 & 42), M.E. Newton (48), J.D. Sleath (42) and M.J.M. Yeo (north Wales). Ingeneral there is little data on population sizes, either in terms of number of individuals orextent, so criteria C and D were seldom applicable.


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5. Application of IUCN criteria5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level The standard IUCN Red Data List Categories (IUCN, 2001) are used with the followingmodifications to take into account the regional nature of this analysis:

1. Taxa extinct within the region but extant in other parts of Great Britain are classifiedas Regionally Extinct (RE). A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that thelast individual in the region has died. In this report, taxa extinct in Great Britain as awhole are classified as EX, while those extinct in Wales but still present elsewhere inGreat Britain are classified as RE. The list of extinctions for Wales therefore includesboth EX and RE taxa.

2. Taxa that are (or have been) present in Wales but are not eligible for assessment at theregional level are assigned the category Not Assessed (NA) and are listed in section 9.These are mainly taxa that are no longer considered valid in the latest CensusCatalogue (Hill et al., 2008), but also includes the neophytes mentioned in 3.2.


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5.2 Treating Wales as a regionConsiderable guidance is given by IUCN (2003) regarding the application of standardIUCN criteria and categories (IUCN, 2001) to a region (defined as any subglobalgeographically defined area, such as a continent, country, state, or province). Providedthat the regional population being assessed is isolated from conspecific populationsoutside the region, the IUCN Red Data List Criteria (IUCN, 2001) can be used withoutmodification within any geographically defined area.

However, when the criteria are applied to part of a population defined by a geopoliticalborder, as in the case of Wales sharing a border with England, the threshold values listedunder each criterion may be inappropriate because the unit being assessed is not thesame as the whole population or subpopulation. As a result, the estimate of extinctionrisk may be inaccurate.

In order to address this, the Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008)considered whether the Welsh population of vascular plant taxa experiences anysignificant immigration of viable propagules from England. Any taxa that were found toexperience significant propagule immigration and not to be threatened in Great Britain asa whole were downgraded by one threat category.

The ecology and population dynamics of most threatened bryophytes in Wales are simplytoo poorly known to allow this approach to be adopted for the current Red Data List. Sometaxa are obviously poor dispersers - for example Isopterygiopsis muelleriana and Radulavoluta have never been recorded with sporophytes in the British Isles and do not produceasexual propagules. Others, such as Encalypta alpina and E. rhaptocarpa, fruit profuselyin parts of Britain but have not recolonised Snowdonia since their loss in the early 20th

century, so the regular production of sporophytes is no guide to colonisation ability ordynamism. Yet others have asexual propagules, but these are probably seldomtransported over great distances. Bryophytes certainly can be highly dynamic, as typifiedby the epiphytic mosses and liverworts that are rapidly expanding eastwards into easternEngland, but the only one of these obviously dynamic epiphytes that appears on the RedData List is Ulota calvescens (which might be a casual colonist from Ireland but isthought to have genuinely declined in north Wales); no Orthotrichum have been included.


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5.3 IUCN categories in Wales As well as the modifications given in section 5.1 above, IUCN criteria were adapted andmodified to produce the GB Red Data List (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005), and these samecriteria have been used to produce this Red Data List. This means that the same thresholdsused to determine categories in the GB Red Data List have been used for Wales, and thelists are therefore directly comparable. Because of this, a detailed treatment of how eachcriterion was applied is not reproduced here, but readers are referred to the GB Red DataList for bryophytes (Church et al., 2001) for further information. Table 1, however, gives abrief summary of the categories and criteria used here.

Threat Category Criterion ThresholdsEX Extinct in Great Britain (but was present in Wales)ExtinctRE Extinct in Wales but still present elsewhere in Great BritainRegionally extinctEW Extinct in Great Britain (but was present in Wales) but is still present in cultivationExtinct in the wildCR A AOO trend or hectad trend > 80% declineCritically Endangered B 1 location + continuing decline

C <250 individuals + continuing declineD < 50 individuals

EN A AOO trend or hectad trend > 50% declineEndangered B 5 locations + continuing decline

C < 2500 individuals + continuing declineD < 250 individuals

VU A AOO trend or hectad trend > 30% declineVulnerable B 10 locations + continuing decline

C < 10000 individuals + continuing declineD1 < 1000 individualsD2 < 5 locations

NT A AOO trend or hectad trend > 20% declineNear Threatened* B 30 locations + continuing decline

D < 10000 individualsLC Evaluated against criteria and does not qualify for threatened or Near Threatened.Least concernDD Threat suspected but there is insufficient data for analysisData deficientWL Inadequate data, taxonomic uncertainties or uncertainties over native orWaiting list** archaeophyte status means no assessment can be made.(not an IUCN category – see below)

Table 1. IUCN Categories and criteria as adapted for use in Great Britain by Cheffings & Farrell(2005) and Wales (Dines, 2008). In essence, criterion A looks at decline in hectads or Area ofOccupancy (AOO), criterion B deals with declining taxa that occur in a small number of sites,criterion C also deals with declining taxa but those that have a small number of individuals, andcriterion D looks at those taxa in a small number of sites or with few individuals that are notnecessarily declining. A taxon may qualify as threatened or near threatened on one or more criteria. * No standard IUCN criteria exist for the Near Threatened category; those used were developed

by Cheffings and Farrell (2005) for the GB Red Data List.** The term Waiting List is not an IUCN category but one adopted for use by Cheffings & Farrell

(2005) to deal with the taxa described.


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5.4 Limitations of the analysisWhile considerable efforts have been made to compile and use the best available datafor this analysis, two factors are effective in compromising the application of IUCNcriteria in Wales.

For Criterion A the GB Red Data List (Hodgetts, 2011) used data from nearly 3000 hectads(10 km squares) for the analysis of Area of Occupancy (AOO) and hectad decline. Thisnumber of hectads allowed a fairly robust analysis, as each unit represents 0.035% of thetotal area under consideration. In Wales, however, the same scale of data has been used,with 285 hectads being included in the analysis. Each unit therefore represents 0.35% ofthe area. This makes the analysis much more sensitive and less reliable. As a result, morecaution has been applied and the A criterion has only been used with species that havebeen recorded from more than 10 hectads. It is hoped that, with more tetrad (2km square)data becoming available, criterion A can be applied at this scale in the future, althoughconsiderably more work is needed in mid and north Wales to make this practical.

A further difficulty, which is more of an issue with bryophytes than vascular plants, is thelow number of active recorders in Wales. Wales is fortunate to be home to three or four ofBritain’s top bryologists, but it is impossible for them and the small number of otherBritish Bryological Society (BBS) members to record across the whole country. At thetime of the Atlas (Hill et al, 1991-94), north Wales was the epicentre of British bryologyand was extremely well-recorded, whilst most of south Wales was almost unknown.Subsequently there has been an upsurge in south Wales, but general recording in thenorth has been almost non-existent since the Flora by Hill (1988) was published (Prestonet al., 2009). Contract surveys of a number of key sites in the north have been carried outsince 2000, but data flow issues mean that much data from these is not yet on the NBNGateway. This imbalance in recording effort means that it is very difficult to assessdeclines because many north Wales rarities were found in the 1960s and have not beennoted (or looked for) since. Some taxa that appear to have declined are probably justunder-recorded, especially moderately rare species such as Hypnum callichroum andRadula aquilegia, which are just about common enough not to warrant a specific datedrecord but rare enough to be restricted to a limited number of sites. These species maygenuinely have declined, but it is unlikely that they have experienced the >50% declinesuggested by the current data. They have therefore been dropped by one threat level andflagged with a hyphen ‘-’ next to the threat category in the tables.


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6. Explanation of theWales Red Data ListThe columns that appear in the Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales (Section 8) aredescribed below.

6.1 Species informationTaxonomy of the Wales Red Data List (as given in the Taxon column) follows that of thelatest Census Catalogue (Hill et al., 2008). Whether the taxon is a moss (M), liverwort (L) orhornwort (H) is indicated in the MLH column.

The threat category of the species in Great Britain is given in the GB Red List column,and follows Hodgetts (unpublished). The current list of bryophytes on Section 42 of theNatural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species ofprincipal importance in Wales) is given in the Section 42 Wales column. European RedData Book species (ECCB, 1995) are shown in the Europe Red List column.

The native or alien status of each taxon in Britain (and therefore Wales) is given in theNative/alien status column, following Hill et al. (2007). Almost all taxa are considered tobe natives except for a few possible archaeophytes (see section 3.2). Neophytes havebeen excluded and are listed in Section 9.

6.2 National responsibility and edge of rangeAn assessment has been made of what proportion of the British distribution of each taxonis found within Wales. This has been done using the number of hectads for which there aremodern records in the BBS database (see Hill et al., 2007) compared with the count forWales made by the Biological Records Centre (BRC). Although crude, this does provide anindication of how much of the GB resource is located within Wales. For taxa with more than25% of the GB distribution in Wales (and for which Wales has a national responsibility) thepercentage is given in the Prop (%) of GB population column (see section 7.6).

Taxa that reach the edge of their British range in Wales are identified in the Edge of GBrange? column. The edge of range in question is indicated by “N”, “S”, “E” and “W”, where“S” indicates that the taxon reaches its southern limit in Wales. Notes indicate the countyin which this edge lies, and where necessary gives information on outlying colonies whenthe edge is almost reached in Wales (e.g. Adelanthus decipiens with single outliers inDevon and Cornwall but the southern edge of its core range in Cardiganshire). Disjunctionsfrom Scotland are indicated in the Disjunct from Scotland? column because taxa that‘skip’ northern England and are (or were until they were lost from Wales) found only in themountains of Scotland and Wales are believed to be more vulnerable to climate changethan those also found in the lower mountains of the Lake District and the north Pennines.

6.3 Wales Red Data List categories, criteriaand justificationThe IUCN category (as defined in section 5.3 above) for Wales is given in the Wales Red Listcolumn (note that blanks indicate an assessment of Least Concern). The criterion/criteriaunder which each threatened taxon qualifies is/are given in the Criteria column.

The number of extant hectads (with a post-1970 record) is given in the Wales extant(post-1970) column and can be compared with the Wales hectads (all records) column.The former is equivalent to the locations column in Dines (2008): hectads were used inplace of locations because that was the case for the GB Red Data List (Hodgetts, 2011). Thenumber of locations of rare bryophytes is seldom precisely known – especially becausemany old records have vague location details amounting to little more than a nearbyvillage or a whole mountain – and is often equivalent to hectads anyway. In some cases,declines appear smaller with hectad counts than location counts, especially in Snowdoniawhere Hill (1988) reports losses from two or three localities within a range spanning one ortwo hectads, and this was taken into account when decline criteria were assessed.

The number of individuals of any one species has not been included in the Red List table,although Fossombronia fimbriata was included in the Critically Endangered category onthe basis of its known tiny population (<40 individuals). Otherwise, the number ofindividuals is only known for a handful of Welsh bryophytes.

Continued decline was difficult to assess because of the lack of comparable data fromdecade to decade (see 5.4). A Significant decline? column highlights taxa that haveshown a >50% decline in hectad occupancy between all records and post-1970 records(see Section 4). It is assumed that past declines are unlikely to have slowed much giventhe continuing loss of habitat in Wales coupled with climate change and site dereliction,but in the small number of cases where the only populations are known to be holdingtheir own (for example Bartramia stricta at its sole GB site), past declines have beenignored and Criterion B has not been met (in most such cases the species meet CriterionD2 of the Vulnerable category).


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7. Analysis7.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data ListsWhen drawing comparisons between taxa on the Welsh and GB Red Data Lists it isimportant to remember that identical criteria were used in their selection. Obviously, amuch smaller area was under consideration (Wales being only 10% of the size of GreatBritain) so it is not surprising that the proportion of taxa in each threat category in eacharea is so dissimilar in some cases (Table 2 and Figures 1 & 2).

Great Britain WalesNo. of taxa % of total No. of taxa % of total

Extinct (EX+RE) 25 2 26 3Critically Endangered (CR) 16 1 18 2Endangered (EN) 40 4 64 8Vulnerable (VU) 87 8 64 8Near Threatened (NT) 78 7 12 1Data Deficient (DD) 19 2 15 2Least Concern (LC) 845 76 651 77Total 1110 850

Table 2. Number and proportion of taxa in each Red Data List category in Great Britain andWales. Taxa on the Waiting List are excluded.

Extinct (EX)

Critically Endangered (CR)

Endangered (EN)

Vulnerable (VU)

Near Threatened (NT)

Data Deficient (DD)

Least Concern (LC)

Figure 1. The proportion of taxa in each IUCN category in Great Britain (following Hodgetts, 2011).


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Figure 2. The proportion of taxa in each IUCN category in Wales (Extinct includes both EXand RE taxa).

Although the overall proportion of Threatened to Least Concern taxa is the same in Walesand Great Britain, the proportion within each category is quite strikingly different. Waleshas a higher proportion of Extinct (EX & RE) taxa than Great Britain, many of which areboreal taxa lost from Snowdonia since the early 20th century but still persisting in Scotland(see section 7.2). This is to be expected. Less expected was the relatively high proportion ofEndangered taxa. These mostly qualify under criterion B (<5 locations and a continuingdecline) and/or criterion A (>50% decline), and many (41%) are boreal or montane speciesthat are believed to be vulnerable to climate change. In a few cases the apparent declinemay be because of the paucity of very recent data from north Wales (see 5.4), but eachtaxon retained in EN rather than demoted to VU is montane and therefore at particular risk.Countering the high number of Endangered taxa is a low number in the Near Threatenedcategory. This was used very cautiously in Wales because historic data are not sufficient todetect the >20% decline (criterion A) as opposed to a lack of recent recording, and criterionD (<10,000 individuals) is almost impossible to apply to bryophytes. The 12 NearThreatened taxa were therefore selected using criterion B (<30 localities and continuingdecline), usually where site losses had been witnessed in recent years.

An interesting facet of Red Listing that is visible in the Welsh bryophytes on the GB RedList is the number of species that dropped by one threat category between the 2005 and2011 assessments. In many cases this results from survey work revealing that apparentdeclines were artificial. 25 of the 65 GB 2005 Red List species present in Wales weredowngraded by at least one category by 2011, including Section 42 species such as Bryummarratii, B. warneum, Entosthodon pulchellus, Grimmia elongata, Habrodon perpusillusand Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus. In all, 14 of the 33 Section 42 bryophytes are nowconsidered less threatened at the GB level than they were before, despite no action otherthan survey having taken place. Just 9 taxa have gone up a threat category, including 6that were formerly considered Least Concern. All but 1 of these 9 taxa meet the IUCNcriteria for Wales and are included on the Welsh Red List as well as the revised GB list.

Extinct (EX)

Critically Endangered (CR)

Endangered (EN)

Vulnerable (VU)

Near Threatened (NT)

Data Deficient (DD)

Least Concern (LC)


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GB Taxon Wales Year last Vice-county WelshRed Red recorded last recorded habitatList ListDD Andreaea alpestris EX 1879 Caerns MontaneCR Atrichum angustatum RE 1926 Carms Upland streamRE Bryum turbinatum EX 1904 Meirionydd Dunes & river shingleRE Bryum uliginosum EX 1904 Meirionydd Dunes

Cinclidium stygium RE 1939 Meirionydd Upland fenConostomum tetragonum RE 1919 Caerns Montane

VU Dialytrichia saxicola RE 1927 Meirionydd Damp rockDiplophyllum taxifolium RE 1844 Caerns MontaneEncalypta alpina RE 1931 Caerns MontaneEncalypta rhaptocarpa RE 1880 Caerns Montane

VU Fissidens serrulatus RE 1968 Meirionydd Sea caveNT Gymnomitrion corallioides RE 1912 Caerns Montane

Lophozia longidens RE 1966 Meirionydd Atlantic woodlandMyurella julacea RE 1912 Caerns Montane

VU Orthodontium gracile RE 1924 Denb/Flint WoodlandRE Philonotis cernua EX 1939 Meirionydd Montane

Philonotis seriata RE 1960s Caerns MontanePseudoleskeella catenulata RE 1960s Caerns MontanePterigynandrum filiforme RE 1928 Caerns MontanePterygoneurum ovatum RE 1830 Denbs/

Anglesey Limestone soilRhynchostegiella curviseta RE 1925 Mons Abbey wallScapania nimbosa RE 1909 Caerns MontaneSolenostoma confertissimum RE 1965 Carms Limestone quarriesSphagnum strictum RE 1960s Merionydd Blanket bogTetraplodon angustatus RE 1899 Caerns MontaneUlota coarctata RE 1914 Merionydd Atlantic woodland

Table 3. The 26 taxa that have become extinct in Wales, along with the vice-county andyear of the last record, and their Red Data List status in Great Britain and Wales. The fourExtinct (EX) taxa have been lost from Britain; Regionally Extinct (RE) taxa remain extantelsewhere in Britain.

7.2 Taxa extinct in WalesThe higher proportion of extinct taxa (EX+RE) in Wales than in Great Britain (3.1% as opposedto 1.6% for GB, see Table 2) is to be expected. There will always be a higher rate of extinctionat the local site level long before extinctions become apparent from larger areas. In a fewcases, taxa that appear to be heading for GB-wide extinction have been targeted by specialprojects, for example Bryum schleicheri (Rothero et al., 2006), but this was not the case forany of the species in Table 3, most of which were lost from Wales long before activeconservation began. The only taxa that have received active help in Wales have beenconserved because of GB-wide threat rather than potential loss from Wales.


20

It is difficult to be sure precisely when the mosses and liverworts in Table 3 becameextinct in Wales because many were based on single collections from sites that have onlybeen visited by competent bryologists on a small number of occasions. Indeed it ispossible that some of the montane species may persist on some remote rock outcrops inSnowdonia. Five taxa were only recorded in the 19th century, whilst 15 last records datefrom the golden age of Welsh bryology between 1900 and 1930 when the outstandingD.A. Jones was collecting in north Wales (Hill, 1988) and there were numerous visitors. Theremaining six date from the 1960s, the start of another period when north Wales was theepicentre of British bryology. The site for Fissidens serrulatus was revisited in 2009 and nosign of the Fissidens was seen, whilst Solenostoma confertissimum has not beenrelocated during several recent visits. The remaining four taxa technically qualify asExtinct because the last record was made before 1970, but it is possible that none of themhas been sought subsequently and it is perhaps premature to accept their loss.

7.3 Taxa “doing better” in WalesBecause identical IUCN threat criteria have been used to identify threatened taxa in bothGreat Britain and Wales, we can compare the two floras directly to see how various taxaare faring. Some are “doing better” in Wales (in other words they are less threatened inWales than they are in Great Britain), whilst others are “doing worse” (they are morethreatened in Wales than Great Britain).

As one would expect when comparing a smaller area with a larger one, there are only afew taxa that are “doing better” in Wales (Table 4).

Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List

Bartramia stricta CR ENSouthbya tophacea VU LCTomentypnum nitens VU NTAmblystegium radicale NT LCBryum kunzei NT LCEntosthodon pulchellus NT LCFissidens monguillonii NT LCGrimmia atrata NT LCMyrinia pulvinata NT LCPhaeoceros carolinianus NT LCRhytidiadelphus subpinnatus NT LC

Table 4.The 11 taxa that are “doing better” in Wales compared with Great Britain,arranged by decreasing GB threat category. Taxa are included if they are Threatened (CR,EN, VU) or Near Threatened (NT) in GB, but have a lower threat category or are LeastConcern (LC) in Wales.


21

7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in WalesThe taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Great Britain are listed inTable 5. Many taxa are more threatened in Wales than GB as a whole because of smallWelsh ranges, despite caution over applying criteria B and D when declines arequestionable. A significant number of species are considered Least Concern in GreatBritain but are restricted to a very small number of Welsh sites and therefore qualifyunder criterion D. For example, Dicranodontium asperulum is at the southern edge of itsBritish range at a single site in Snowdonia, Scapania calcicola has only been recordedsouth of Scotland at a single site in the Brecon Beacons, and the southern Ricciocarposnatans only crosses the border from England in a couple of places. Others have declinedmore rapidly in Wales than in Britain as a whole, with Antitrichia curtipendula, Bazzaniatricrenata and perhaps Calypogeia azurea retreating northwards, Leptodon smithiiretreating southwards, and Dicranella cerviculata almost lost from south Wales.

In some cases, taxa are “doing worse” in Wales because of different criteria. Fossombroniafimbriata is Near Threatened in Britain because of the paucity of recent records, whereasall Welsh records are modern so there is no evidence of a decline but the population isfewer than 50 individuals (CR criterion D).

Perhaps of most interest are the 20 species that are “doing worse” because the declinesthat were sufficient for Red List status in Great Britain are even more severe in Wales. Thedune moss Bryum calophyllum has been lost from five of its six Welsh sites, Cephaloziellanicholsonii has declined somewhat in southern Britain but is almost lost from Wales, andDicranum undulatum has declined slightly on British bogs but is now restricted to asingle Welsh site.

That only 11 of the 71 GB Red List bryophytes recorded in Wales are “doing better” here isa worry. 13 were assigned the same threat level, albeit not necessarily using the samecriteria, 34 are “doing worse” (see 7.4), 8 are Regionally Extinct (see 7.2) and 5 are DataDeficient. Most of the species on the “doing better” list remain at a reasonable number ofWelsh sites and have been discovered at new localities in recent years. This does notnecessarily mean that they have not declined overall, nor that they are not potentiallythreatened, but there is no evidence of declines in Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus,Entosthodon pulchellus, Southbya tophacea, Fissidens monguillonii or Phaeoceroscarolinianus and only questionable losses of colonies of Myrinia pulvinata in an area thathas not been well surveyed. Bartramia stricta is stable at its only extant British site,whilst the dramatic decline in Tomentypnum nitens in southern Britain is slightly maskedby the relatively small number of historic sites in Wales: it is declining here as well.


22


Micromitrium tenerum EN CRBryum calophyllum VU CRBryum knowltonii VU CRCephaloziella massalongi VU CRSchistidium flaccidum VU CRSeligeria brevifolia VU CRAnomodon longifolius VU ENBryum marratii VU ENCephaloziella nicholsonii VU ENDicranum undulatum VU ENGymnocolea acutiloba VU ENRiccia canaliculata VU ENScopelophila cataractae VU ENSolenostoma caespiticium VU ENTortula wilsonii VU ENPhilonotis tomentella NT CRBryum muehlenbeckii NT ENWeissia squarrosa NT VUWeissia sterilis NT VUAloina rigida LC CRDicranodontium asperulum LC CRFossombronia fimbriata LC CRGrimmia alpestris LC CRLeiocolea fitzgeraldiae LC CRMeesia uliginosa LC CRPohlia wahlenbergii var. glacialis LC CRScapania calcicola LC CRSchistidium trichodon LC CR-Abietinella abietina var. abietina LC ENAmblyodon dealbatus LC ENAnthelia juratzkana LC ENAntitrichia curtipendula LC ENBryum mildeanum LC ENBryum weigelii LC ENBuxbaumia aphylla LC ENCampylostelium saxicola LC ENCephalozia leucantha LC ENCephalozia macrostachya var. macrostachya LC ENCephaloziella spinigera LC ENCladopodiella francisci LC ENCynodontium polycarpon LC ENDicranella crispa LC ENDicranoweisia crispula LC ENDrepanocladus sendtneri LC ENFrullania microphylla var. deciduifolia LC ENGlyphomitrium daviesii LC ENGrimmia montana LC ENHypnum imponens LC ENKiaeria falcata LC EN


Bryum warneum NT ENHygrohypnum duriusculum NT ENPseudocalliergon lycopodioides NT ENScapania gymnostomophila NT ENBarbilophozia kunzeana NT VUBryum dyffrynense NT VUCephaloziella calyculata NT VUDendrocryphaea lamyana NT VUFossombronia maritima NT VUGrimmia tergestina NT VUHabrodon perpusillus NT VUOrthotrichum obtusifolium NT VUSeligeria campylopoda NT VUSematophyllum substrumulosum NT VUSyntrichia princeps NT VURiccia crozalsii LC ENRicciocarpos natans LC ENScapania ornithopodioides LC ENScapania paludosa LC ENScapania uliginosa LC ENSphagnum fuscum LC ENSplachnum ampullaceum LC ENTortula canescens LC ENUlota calvescens LC ENUlota hutchinsiae LC ENAtrichum tenellum LC VUBarbilophozia hatcheri LC VU-Bryum elegans LC VUCalypogeia azurea LC VU-Catoscopium nigritum LC VUCephalozia loitlesbergeri LC VUCephalozia macrostachya var. spiniflora LC VUCephaloziella elachista LC VUDicranum flagellare LC VUDidymodon tomaculosus LC VUDitrichum pusillum LC VUEntodon concinnus LC VU-Ephemerum recurvifolium LC VUFissidens polyphyllus LC VUGrimmia funalis LC VU-Grimmia longirostris LC VUHageniella micans LC VUHedwigia ciliata var. ciliata LC VUHerzogiella seligeri LC VUHygroamblystegium humile LC VUHypnum callichroum LC VU-Hypnum hamulosum LC VU-Isopterygiopsis muelleriana LC VU-Jungermannia borealis LC VULeptoscyphus cuneifolius LC VU


23


Lophozia obtusa LC ENMarsupella stableri LC ENMnium thomsonii LC ENMolendoa warburgii LC ENParaleptodontium recurvifolium LC ENPhilonotis rigida LC ENPlagiothecium platyphyllum LC ENPohlia elongata var. greenii LC ENPohlia filum LC ENPohlia ludwigii LC ENRadula voluta LC ENRhytidium rugosum LC ENSchistidium pruinosum LC VUSolenostoma subellipticum LC VU-Sphagnum austinii LC VUSphagnum pulchrum LC VUSphagnum riparium LC VUThuidium recognitum LC VU-Tortella densa LC VUBazzania tricrenata LC NTDicranella cerviculata LC NT


Leucodon sciuroides var.morensis LC VUMarsupella adusta LC VU-Marsupella alpina LC VU-Marsupella sphacelata LC VU-Microbryum floerkeanum LC VUOrthothecium rufescens LC VU-Physcomitrium sphaericum LC VUPlagiochila heterophylla LC VUPottiopsis caespitosa LC VURacomitrium macounii LC VU-Radula aquilegia LC VU-Schistidium agassizii LC VUEntosthodon muhlenbergii LC NTGrimmia decipiens LC NTGrimmia laevigata LC NTLeptodon smithii LC NTOedipodium griffithianum LC NTPallavicinia lyellii LC NTTargionia hypophylla LC NTTortella inclinata LC NT

Table 5. The 140 taxa that are “doing worse” in Wales than they are in Great Britain,arranged by decreasing GB threat category. Taxa are included if they are Threatened (EN& VU) or Near Threatened (NT) in GB but have a higher threat category in Wales, or if theyare Least Concern (LC) in GB but Threatened or Near Threatened in Wales. Taxa that arethreatened in GB but extinct in Wales are excluded (see section 7.2).

7.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in WalesNearly 30 taxa reach the northern edge of their British range in Wales (Table 6) and nearly150 are at their southern edge (Table 7). The former is comparable to the equivalentcount for vascular plants, but the latter is a far larger total. It is becoming increasinglyimportant to identify such species in order to select priorities for conservation and formonitoring the impacts of climate change. Small, edge-of-range populations of speciesthat might be vulnerable to change are particularly important as they are oftengenetically distinct.

16 montane taxa that were at their southern edge in Wales are believed to be extinct.Several were last seen in the 19th century, but there remains a faint chance thatpopulations may exist undiscovered in Snowdonia. They are listed separately at the endof Table 7.


24

Taxon Wales Red List

Bryum gemmiparum ENBryum kunzeiCephaloziella calyculata VUCephaloziella massalongi CRCephaloziella nicholsonii ENDendrocryphaea lamyana VUDialytrichia saxicola REDitrichum subulatum VUFissidens curvatus ENFissidens monguilloniiFissidens serrulatus REFossombronia caespitiformis WLFossombronia maritima VULeptodon smithii NTMicrobryum davallianumvar. commutatum DD


Micromitrium tenerum CRPottiopsis caespitosa VURiccia crozalsii ENRiccia nigrella ENScorpiurium circinatumSeligeria campylopoda VUSematophyllum substrumulosum VUSouthbya tophaceaTortula cuneifolia ENTortula wilsonii ENWeissia levieri ENWeissia multicapsularis CRWeissia sterilis VU


Amphidium lapponicumAnastrophyllum hellerianumAndreaea alpinaAndreaea megistosporaAndreaea mutabilisAndreaea rupestrisvar. papillosa WLAnomobryum concinnatumAnomodon longifolius ENAnthelia julaceaAnthelia juratzkana ! ENAphanolejeunea microscopicaArctoa fulvellaBarbilophozia atlanticaBarbilophozia hatcheri VU-Barbilophozia kunzeana VUBartramia hallerianaBazzania tricrenata NTBryum calophyllum CRBryum elegans VUBryum marratii ENBryum mildeanum ENBryum muehlenbeckii ! ENBryum ripariumCalypogeia azurea VU-Campylopus gracilisCampylopus setifoliusCatoscopium nigritum VUCephalozia loitlesbergeri VUCololejeunea calcareaCynodontium jenneriCynodontium polycarpon ENDicranodontium asperulum CR


Grimmia torquataGymnocolea acutiloba ! ENHageniella micans VUHedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea DDHedwigia integrifoliaHerbertus aduncusHerbertus stramineusHygrobiella laxifoliaHygrohypnum duriusculum ENHygrohypnum eugyriumHylocomiastrum umbratumHypnum callichroum VU-Hypnum hamulosum VU-Isopterygiopsis muelleriana VU-Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioidesJungermannia borealis VUJungermannia exsertifoliaKiaeria blyttiiKiaeria falcata ENLeiocolea collarisLeiocolea fitzgeraldiae ! CRLeiocolea heterocolposLepidozia pearsoniiLeptoscyphus cuneifolius ! VULophozia obtusa ENMarsupella adusta VU-Marsupella alpina VU-Marsupella emarginata var. pearsonii WLMarsupella stableri ENMeesia uliginosa CR

Table 6. Taxa that reach the northern edge of their GB distribution in Wales.


25


Dicranoweisia crispula ENDicranum leioneuronDicranum undulatum ENDitrichum zonatumEncalypta ciliataEremonotus myriocarpusFissidens rufulusFossombronia fimbriata CRFrullania microphyllavar. deciduifolia ENGlyphomitrium daviesii ENGrimmia alpestris ! CRGrimmia arenaria VU-Grimmia atrataGrimmia elongata VU-Grimmia funalis VU-Grimmia incurvaPohlia ludwigii ENPohlia proligera DDPohlia wahlenbergii var. glacialis CRPseudobryum cinclidioidesRacomitrium ellipticumRacomitrium macounii VU-Radula aquilegia VU-Radula voluta ENRhabdoweisia crenulataRhytidiadelphus subpinnatusScapania aequilobaScapania calcicola ! CRScapania cuspiduligeraScapania gymnostomophila ! ENScapania lingulataScapania ornithopodioides ENScapania paludosa ENSchistidium agassizii VUSchistidium confertum WLSchistidium flaccidum ! CRSchistidium frigidumvar. frigidum DDSchistidium frigidum var. havaasii ! DDSchistidium helveticum ! DDSchistidium papillosum ! DDSchistidium pruinosum VUSchistidium robustum WLSchistidium trichodon CR-


Metzgeria leptoneuraMetzgeria pubescensMnium thomsonii ENMolendoa warburgii ENOedipodium griffithianum NTOrthothecium rufescens VU-Paraleptodontium recurvifolium ENPhilonotis tomentella CRPhyscomitrium sphaericum VUPlagiobryum zieriPlagiochila exiguaPlagiochila heterophylla VUPlagiopus oederianusPlagiothecium platyphyllum ENPohlia elongatavar. greenii ENSeligeria brevifoliaSolenostoma obovatumSphagnum affineSphagnum balticum ENSphagnum platyphyllumSphagnum skyense ! DDSphagnum warnstorfiiSphenolobopsis pearsoniiTomentypnum nitens NTTortella bambergeriTritomaria exsectaUlota drummondii

Andreaea alpestris ! EXConostomum tetragonum REDiplophyllum taxifolium ! REEncalypta alpina REEncalypta rhaptocarpa REGymnomitrion corallioides ! RELophozia longidens REMyurella julacea REPhilonotis cernua ! REPhilonotis seriata ! REPseudoleskeella catenulata REPterigynandrum filiforme REScapania nimbosa ! RESolenostoma confertissimum RESphagnum strictum ! RETetraplodon angustatus ! RE

Table 7. Taxa that reach the southern edge of their GB distribution in Wales. Taxa whichare/were disjunct from Scotland are marked ‘!’ next to the species name, whilst taxabelieved to be extinct in Wales are listed at the end of the table. A hyphen ‘-‘ next to thethreat category indicates taxa downgraded by one threat category because they arepotentially under-recorded in north Wales (see section 5.4 above).


26

7.6 Species for which Wales has a particularresponsibilityConsideration is given here to those taxa for which Wales has a particular responsibilityfor conservation. In the GB Red Data List (Hodgetts, unpublished), taxa for which GreatBritain has an international responsibility are indicated by showing those for which weprobably or definitely have more than 25% of the European population.

For this study a very crude assessment of responsibility has been made using the numberof hectads occupied by each taxon in Great Britain. This total was compared with thenumber of extant (post-1970) Welsh hectads. Any taxon for which Wales has 25% or moreof the GB population is indicated in the Red Data List. In order to highlight conservationpriorities, all of these taxa that are also threatened in Wales are listed in Table 8. Inaddition, the list includes 10 taxa that are of Least Concern in Wales but for which Walesholds 50% or more of the GB population. Several of these are considered Threatened orNear Threatened in GB as a whole.


27

Taxon Wales Red Proportion (%) ofData List GB population

Bartramia stricta EN 100Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. rutheanum VU 100Frullania microphylla var. deciduifolia EN 100Seligeria oelandica VU 100Sematophyllum demissum VU 100Gymnocolea acutiloba EN 75Seligeria campylopoda VU 71Grimmia arenaria VU 45Grimmia elongata VU 45Riccia nigrella EN 40Weissia levieri EN 40Dendrocryphaea lamyana VU 36Philonotis rigida EN 35Anomodon longifolius EN 33Bryum gemmiparum EN 33Ditrichum subulatum VU 33Grimmia alpestris CR 33Grimmia laevigata NT 33Fissidens curvatus EN 31Scopelophila cataractae EN 29Tortella inclinata NT 29Targionia hypophylla NT 26Cephaloziella calyculata VU 25Habrodon perpusillus VU 25Hedwigia ciliata var. ciliata VU 25Micromitrium tenerum CR 25Seligeria brevifolia CR 25Sematophyllum substrumulosum VU 25Scapania paludicola 89Southbya tophacea 75Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus 73Amblystegium radicale 64Entosthodon pulchellus 60Porella pinnata 59Ditrichum plumbicola 56Petalophyllum ralfsii 55Coscinodon cribrosus 52Fissidens monguillonii 50

Table 8. Threatened Welsh taxa for which Wales has 25% or more of the total GB hectads,in order of decreasing proportion, and taxa that are not considered threatened in Walesbut which have 50% or more of the total GB hectads in Wales.


28

8.BryophyteRed Data Listfor Wales

29

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List

Significant decline?

Wales hectads (all records)

Wales extant (post-1970)

Prop (%) of GB population

Edge of GB range?

Disjunct from Scotland?

Comments

MAbietin

ella abietinavar. abietin

aEN

A, B

Native

>50%

103

5Lost from

Carmarthenshire & Caernarfon and perhaps fro

m 2 sites in Glamorgan; extant on An

glesey (2 sites) & in Glamorgan (1 site)

MAcaulon muticum

Native

LAdelanthus decipiens

Native

148

7Ou

tliers in Devon & Cornw

all, otherwise southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Llyfnant)

MAloina aloides

Native

MAloina ambigua

Native

159

10Widespread but generally uncom

mon

MAloina rigida

CRA, B, C

Native

>50%

51

2Lost from

Monmouthshire, M

eirio

nydd & Denbighshire but still extant in tin

y quantity at one site in Flintshire (H

alkyn Mountain)

MAm

blyodon dealbatus

ENB

Native

95

7On

e colony in Devon otherwise southern edge in Glamorgan (W

hiteford Burrows); vulnerable species of dun

es; only inland records fro

m

Brecknock (Black Mountains 1981) and Carmarthenshire (1905 & 1929)

MAm

blystegium

confervoides

Native

96

19Scattered colonies on carboniferous limestone

DDNT

MAm

blystegium

radicale

Native

Rare

77

64Historically known fro

m single sites in Cornw

all &

Meirio

nydd and lost from

Cornw

all (Blackstock & Holyoak, 2004), how

ever recently foun

d to be present in reed fen in Pem

brokeshire & Glamorgan (Bosanquet, 2006b), as well as casually in cereal fields; unlikely to be threatened

MAm

blystegium

serpensvar. salinum

Native

1712

16Widespread on th

e Welsh coast

MAm

blystegium

serpensvar. serpens

Native

MAm

phidium lapponicum

Native

118

11S

Southern edge in Brecknock/Carmarthenshire (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

MAm

phidium mougeotii

Native

LAnastrepta orcadensis

Native

2317

6On

e outlier in Devon, otherwise southern edge in Cardiganshire (Pum

lumon)

LAnastrophyllum hellerianum

Native

87

15S

Southern edge in Brecknock/Glamorgan (Waterfalls area)

LAnastrophyllum minutum

Native

DDDD

MAndreaea alpestris

EXNa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Equivocal records from

Caernarfon (Snowdon, 1879; Hill, 1988)

MAndreaea alpina

Native

3016

8S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

MAndreaea megistospora

Native

Rare

96

18S

Southern edge in Pem

brokeshire (Carn Ingli), 4 recent north Wales records by ME Ne

wton in different localities com

paired to 3 historic ones

suggest that this species is relatively stable

MAndreaea mutabilis

Native

Rare

76

19S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Doethie)

MAndreaea rothiisubsp. falcata

Native

MAndreaea rothii subsp. rothii

WL

Native

>50%

63

10Probably under-recorded, but no recent records fro

m Pem

brokeshire

MAndreaea rupestris

var. papillosa

WL

Native

>50%

21

50S

Southern edge in Meirio

nydd, but confusion over identificatio

n of British plants

MAndreaea rupestris

var. rupestris

Native

LAneura mirabilis

Native

1211

14Probably under-recorded because it grow

s un

der Sphagnum; w

idely scattered but often sought w

ithout success

LAneura pinguis

Native

MAnoectangium

aestivum

Native

MAnom

obryum

concinnatum

Native

1210

15S

Southern edge in Brecknock

MAnom

obryum

julaceum

Native

ENVU

MAnom

odon longifolius

ENB

Native

S42

22

33S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (M

ounton & Lady Park Wood), w

here very rare and vulnerable at 2 sites (Bosanquet, 2003)

MAnom

odon viticulosus

Native

LAnthelia julacea

Native

1410

5S

Southern edge in Brecknock (A

fon Irfon)

LAnthelia juratzkana

ENB

Native

53

4S

Yes


nydd (Cadair Idris)

HAnthoceros agrestis

Arch?

HAnthoceros punctatus

Native

MAntitrichia curtipendula

ENA

Native

>50%

258

3Lost from

Monmouthshire & Pem

brokeshire, and restricted in south Wales to one site in Brecknock (D

arren Llwyd), most n

orth Wales records

are pre-1970

LAphanolejeunea microscopica

Native

1914

5S

Southern edge in Glamorgan (Sgw

d Gw

ladys)

MAphanorrhegm

a patens

Native

MArchidium alternifolium

Native

MArctoa fulvella

Native

66

11S

Southern edge in Caernarfon, lost from

Meirio

nydd

CRCR

MAtrichum angustatum

RENa

tive

S42

>50%

20

0W

Lost from

Carmarthenshire (A

fon Llwchwr 1926; Bosanquet et al., 2005) and now

restricted to SE England

MAtrichum crispum

NANe

oM

Atrichum tenellum

VUD2

Native

44

9Present at single sites in Brecknock (U

pper Neuadd Reservoir; Motley & Bosanquet, 2005), Pem

brokeshire (W

aun Isaf; SDS

Bosanquet) &

Cardiganshire (N

ant y

Moch Reservoir; SD

S Bosanquet)

30

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MAtrichum undulatum

var. undulatum

Native

MAulacomnium

androgynum

Native

MAulacomnium

palustre

Native

LBarbilophozia atlantica

Native

2118

13S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire

LBarbilophozia attenuata

Native

LBarbilophozia barbata

Native

LBarbilophozia floerkei

Native

LBarbilophozia hatcheri

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

63

2S

Southern edge in Radnorshire

VUNT

LBarbilophozia kunzeana

VUD2

Native

S42

33

18S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (N

ant y

Twyn 1998; Bosanquet, 2003), also single sites in Brecknock (N

ant G

wnfel 1996; Woods, 2006) &

Denbighshire (M

oel Dyw

yll 1984; TBD

B)M

Barbula convoluta

Native

MBarbula unguiculata

Native

MBartramia halleriana

Native

2417

16S

Southern edge in Brecknock (W

aterfalls area)

MBartramia ithyphylla

Native

MBartramia pom

iform

isNa

tive

CRCR

MBartramia stricta

ENA, B

Native

S42

>50%

21

100

Only extant G

B colony is in Radnorshire (Stann

er Rocks), lost from

Montgom

eryshire (Breidden Hill 1962), historic records fro

m Sussex &

Perthshire

LBazzania tricrenata

NT

BNa

tive

2016

5S

Lost from

Brecknock & Carmarthenshire, now

southern edge in Meirio

nydd

LBazzania trilobata

Native

LBlasia pusilla

Native

LBlepharostom

a trichophyllum

Native

MBlindia acuta

Native

MBrachydontium trichodes

Native

Rare

1814

16Frequent in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

MBrachytheciastrum velutinum

Native

MBrachythecium albicans

Native

MBrachythecium glareosum

Native

MBrachythecium mildeanum

Native

MBrachythecium rivulare

Native

MBrachythecium rutabulum

Native

MBrachythecium sa

lebrosum

WL

Native

11

1W

Western edge in Carmarthenshire (Cwm Gwernen; Bosanquet et al., 2005), only Welsh record

MBreutelia chrysocom

aNa

tive

MBryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens

Native

MBryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum

Native

MBryum algovicum

Native

MBryum alpinum

Native

MBryum archangelicum

Native

MBryum argenteum

Native

MBryum bornholmense

Native

MBryum caespiticium

Native

ENVU

MBryum calophyllum

CRA, B

Native

S42

Rare

>50%

61

7S

Southern edge was in Cardiganshire, now

in Anglesey, extant sparsely over 30x7m

at Tyw

yn Aberffraw, lost from

5 other sites (Ho

lyoak, 2001b)

MBryum canariense

Native

149

30On

e outlier in Lancashire, otherwise northern edge on Anglesey

MBryum capillare

Native

MBryum creberrimum

DDNa

tive

75

26Lost from

Brecknock, last seen 1907; perhaps under-recorded throughout GB

MBryum dichotomum

Native

MBryum donianum

Native

NTNT

MBryum dyffry

nense

VUD2

Native

22

22Ho

lyoak (2003) gives Morfa Dyffry

n as ty

pe locality ofBryum dyffry

nense

MBryum elegans

VUD2

Native

22

5S

Extin

ct in southern England, southern edge now

in Denbighshire (W

orld's End; Hill, 1988)

MBryum gem

miferum

Native

31

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

ENEN

MBryum gem

miparum

ENA, B

Native

S42

>50%

42

33N

North

ern wo

rld edge in Brecknock, where extant at two

sites (River Usk at Sennybridge & Fenni-fach; TBD

B), lost from

3 others &

from

Monmouthshire

DDDD

MBryum interm

edium

CRA, B

Native

>50%

81

1Lost from

dun

e system

s in 6 vice-coun

ties; recently recorded only in Flintshire (D

dol; Hill, 1988) and not looked for there subsequently

MBryum klinggraeffii

Native

VUVU

MBryum knowltonii

CRA, B

Native

S42

>50%

51

5Lost from

4 sites and now extant as a single small patch at M

orfa Dyffry

n SSSI (H

olyoak, 2001b)

NTNT

MBryum kunzei

Native

97

44N

Northern edge in Anglesey/Caernarfo

nEN

VUM

Bryum marratii

ENA, B

Native

S42

RT>50%

42

13S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire, lo

st from

3 sites and now

extant over 26x3m

in Ynysla

s carpark and in a 30m

strip near M

infordd (Holyoak, 2001b)

MBryum mildeanum

ENA, B

Native

>50%

82

12S

Southern edge in Brecknock, lost from Caernarfon since 1892, only seen tw

ice in south Wales since 1965 (Moel Penderyn 2007 & Foel Faw

r 2009; SDS

B pers. obs.)

MBryum moravicum

Native

DDNT

MBryum muehlenbeckii

ENB

Native

11

8S

Yes

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Rhaedr O

gwen 1988 & Carnedd Llewelyn 1988; TBD

B), otherwise no further south th

an Perthshire

MBryum pallens

Native

MBryum pallescens

Native

MBryum pseudotriquetrum

var. bimum

Native

128

8Un

der-recorded because of identificatio

n difficulties

MBryum pseudotriquetrum

var.

Native

pseudotriquetrum

MBryum radiculosum

Native

MBryum ripariu

mNa

tive

Rare

119

16S

Southern edge in Glamorgan (Cwm Dim

bath; Perry, 1994)

MBryum rubens

Native

MBryum ruderale

Arch?

MBryum sa

uteri

Native

MBryum su

bapiculatum

Native

MBryum tenuisetum

Native

DD16

1523

Scattered in north Wales (H

ill, 1988) and south to Radnorshire; easily overlooked

MBryum torquescens

Native

96

15Ra

re on carboniferous limestone near the coasts of north and south Wales

RERE

MBryum turbinatum

EXNa

tive

>50%

50

0Lost from

Brecknock, M

onmouthshire & Meirio

nydd, now

extinct in GB

CRRE

MBryum uliginosum

EXNa

tive

RT>50%

20

0Lost from

Meirio

nydd (M

orfa Dyffry

n to 1904; Holyoak, 2001b), almost extinct in GB

MBryum violaceum

Arch?

VUNT

MBryum warneum

ENA, B

Native

S42

Rare

>50%

83

15Extant at 2 SSSI in Meirio

nydd (M

orfa Dyffry

n & Morfa Harlech) and 1 in Anglesey (Tyw

yn Aberffra

w), lost from

7 other sites (Holyoak, 2001b)

MBryum weigelii

ENB

Native

22

3On

e outlier in Shropshire, otherwise southern edge in Caernarfon (six sites in Carneddau; Hill, 1988)

MBuxbaumia aphylla

ENA, B

Native

RT>50%

31

3Lost from

Meirio

nydd (upper Dyfi

1896) and Montgom

eryshire (Breidden Hill 1960s), and could not be refoun

d in Radnorshire in 2007 having

been seen in 1999 (Burfa Bank; Law

ley, 2007)

MCalliergon cordifolium

Native

MCalliergon giganteum

Native

MCalliergonella cuspidata

Native

MCalliergonella lindbergii

Native

LCalypogeia arguta

Native

LCalypogeia azurea

VU-

B-Na

tive

75

5S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Cefn Cw

m Crew; W

oods, 2006)

LCalypogeia fissa

Native

LCalypogeia muelleriana

Native

LCalypogeia neesiana

Native

LCalypogeia sp

hagnicola

Native

MCampyliadelphus chrysophyllus

Native

MCampyliadelphus elodes

Native

RT16

1011

Still locally abundant in fens on An

glesey (S.D.S. Bosanquet pers. obs.) and in dun

es in Carmarthenshire (Pem

brey)

MCampylium protensum

Native

MCampylium stellatum

Native

MCampylophyllum calcareum

Native

MCampylopus a

trovirens

var. atrovirens

Native

MCampylopus b

revipilus

Native

2117

6Widespread but generally rare in coastal heathland; Hill (1988) reports it as "locally abundant n

ear H

olyhead and at th

e tip

of Lleyn".

MCampylopus fl

exuosus

Native

32

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MCampylopus fragilis

Native

MCampylopus g

racilis

Native

119

8S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (M

aesnant, Pu

mlim

on; Hill, 1988), rare in north Wales (H

ill, 1988)

MCampylopus introflexus

NANe

oM

Campylopus p

ilifer

Native

1010

37Present in six places in Pem

brokeshire (Bosanquet, 2010) and several on the Barm

outh-Porthmadog coast (H

ill, 1988), but interm

ediates to

C. introflexus are confusing

MCampylopus p

yriform

isNa

tive

MCampylopus setifolius

Native

Rare

1412

17S


nydd, occasional in north Wales (H

ill, 1988)

MCampylopus subulatus

Native

2715

19A widespread weed of dam

p gravelly groun

d, probably overlooked

MCampylostelium sa

xicola

ENA, B

Native

Rare

>50%

83

9Lost from

Meirio

nydd (2 sites to 1911) and sites in Caernarfon (Hill, 1988) and Brecknock (W

oods, 2006) probably extant in Brecknock

(Talybont &

Grwyne Fawr), Cardiganshire (Ponterwyd) &

Caernarfon (Moel Hebog & Eryri)

MCatoscopium nigritum

VUD2

Native

22

6S

Southern edge on Anglesey (Tyw

yn Aberffra

w & New

borough Warren; Hill, 1988)

LCephalozia bicuspidata

Native

LCephalozia catenulata

Native

LCephalozia connivens

Native

LCephalozia leucantha

ENA, B

Native

>50%

41

1A few Cornish colonies, otherwise southern edge in Meirio

nydd (A

rthog Bog)

LCephalozia loitlesbergeri

VUD2

Native

44

8S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cors Caron)

LCephalozia lunulifolia

Native

LCephalozia macrostachyavar.

ENA, B

Native

>50%

73

8Lost from

Pem

brokeshire (3 sites), still thriving on Cors Fochno (S.D.S. Bosanquet pers. obs., 2009), apparent decline may be because some

macrostachya

records not assigned to variety

LCephalozia macrostachyavar. spiniflora

VUD2

Native

22

14On

ly Welsh records are fro

m Cardiganshire (Cors Caron 1990) and Anglesey (heath nr B

rynrefail 1994)

LCephalozia pleniceps

Native

2119

28Foun

d to be fre

quent in south Wales suggesting it is overlooked elsew

here (Bosanquet & Motley, 2005), unlikely to be threatened

VUNT

LCephaloziella calyculata

VUD2

Native

S42

Rare

33

25N

Northern world edge in Pem

brokeshire (2 sites), also in Glamorgan (2 sites) (Bosanquet, 2008b)

LCephaloziella divaricata

Native

LCephaloziella elachista

VUD2

Native

DD1

18

WWestern edge in Pem

brokeshire, w

here extant at only Welsh site (Esgyrn Bottom

)L

Cephaloziella ham

peana

Native

NTVU

LCephaloziella massalongi

CRA, B

Arch?

Rare

>50%

91

7N

Northern edge on Anglesey (last seen 1959), still extant at Figra Mine (Des Callaghan pers. obs., 2011) otherwise last seen near Llanfrothen in

1967

(TBD

B)VU

VUL

Cephaloziella nicholsonii

ENA, B

Arch?

S42

Rare

>50%

21

6N

Lost from

Meirio

nydd (Bontddu) since 1923 (Hill, 1988), now

northern world edge in Cardiganshire (Cwmystwyth 1998)

LCephaloziella rubella

Native

LCephaloziella sp

inigera

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

4Lost from

Anglesey (Llandonna Com

mon), perhaps extant at single site in Cardiganshire (Cors Caron 1970; Hale, 1998)

LCephaloziella stellulifera

Native

3122

24Relatively fre

quent on the Welsh coast and probably somew

hat u

nder-recorded

NTNT

LCephaloziella turneri

NT

BNa

tive

116

23On

e outlier on Kintyre, otherwise northern edge in Carmarthenshire (Laugharne), lost from

Meirio

nydd (Y Gardd, M

inffo

rdd) since 1916 (Hill,

1988) and from

sites in Carmarthenshire & Monmouthshire

MCeratodon purpureus

Native

LChiloscyphus p

allescens

Native

LChiloscyphus p

olyanthos

Native

MCinclidium stygium

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0Lost from

Meirio

nydd (Cadair Idris 1939; Hill, 1988)

MCinclidotus fontinaloides

Native

MCirriphyllum crassinervium

Native

MCirriphyllum piliferum

Native

LCladopodiella fluitans

Native

LCladopodiella francisci

ENA, B

Native

>50%

73

4Lost from

Monmouthshire, M

eirio

nydd & 1 site in Pem

brokeshire, extant at single sites in Glamorgan, Pem

brokeshire & Anglesey

MClimacium dendroides

Native

LCololejeunea calcarea

Native

2818

7S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire

LCololejeunea minutissima

Native

LCololejeunea rossettiana

Native

109

13Reasonably frequent on shaded carboniferous limestone

LColura calyptrifolia

Native

RT48

4324

Dram

atic recent increase, especially in conifer plantations

LConocephalum

conicum

Native

33

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LConocephalum

salebrosum

Native

3434

61Recently recognised and under-recorded in Britain - n

ot th

reatened

MConostom

um tetragonum

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Lost from

Caernarfon (Glyders 1910, Snowdon 1919; Hill, 1988)

MCoscinodon cribrosus

Native

2822

52Frequent on the north coasts of Pem

brokeshire & Cardiganshire, apparently

more so th

an elsew

here in GB, but perhaps under-recorded in

England and Scotland

MCratoneuron filicinum

Native

MCryphaea heterom

alla

Native

MCtenidium molluscum

var. condensatum

Native


var. molluscum

Native


var. robustum

DDNa

tive

22

13Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (A

fon Clydach 2003; Bosanquet et al., 2005)

MCynodontium bruntonii

Native

MCynodontium jenneri

Native

43

4S


nydd (M

oelwyn Bach)

MCynodontium polycarpon

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

17S


nydd, lost from 1 or perhaps both sites (Cadair Idris to 1860; Cwm Croesor to 1970)

VUVU

MDa

ltonia splachnoides

DDNa

tive

11

10E

Recently foun

d in a conifer plantation in Carmarthenshire (SDS

Bosanquet pers. obs., 2010), spreading rapidly in Ireland and clearly

a recent

colonist in Wales so not considered to be threatened

VUNT

MDendrocryphaea lamyana

VUD2

Native

S42

VU5

536

NNo

rthern edge in Cardiganshire, significant part of G

B populatio

n is on Afon Teifi (Holyoak, 2002), also on Afon Tywi (Bosanquet et al., 2005)

MDialytrichia mucronata

Native

2924

11W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire (Sandy Haven)

NEVU

MDialytrichia saxicola

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0N

Northern edge in Caernarfon, only Welsh record (Prenteg 1927; Bates et al., 2007)

MDichodontiu

m flavescens

Native

138

22Un

der-recorded in GB because only identifi

able when fru

iting

MDichodontiu

m palustre

Native

MDichodontiu

m pellucidum

Native

MDicranella cerviculata

NT

BNa

tive

3017

7Lost from

Monmouthshire, Glamorgan, Radnorshire & Pem

brokeshire in 20th century

MDicranella crispa

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

2Lost from

Meirio

nydd (M

orfa Dyffry

n) since 1911, foun

d in Radnorshire by Mark Lawley in 2009

MDicranella heterom

alla

Native

MDicranella rufescens

Native

MDicranella schreberiana

Native

MDicranella staphylina

Arch?

MDicranella su

bulata

Native

MDicranella varia

Native

MDicranodontiu

m asperulum

CRB

Native

DD1

13

SSouthern edge in Caernarfon, only Welsh site

MDicranodontiu

m denudatum

Native

MDicranow

eisia cirrata

Native

MDicranow

eisia crispula

ENB

Native

22

4S


1 of 3 sites (Hill, 1988)

MDicranum

bonjeanii

Native

MDicranum

flagellare

VUD2

Native

33

8Ra

re in eastern Wales and perhaps only a casual here

MDicranum

fuscescens

Native

DDDD

MDicranum

leioneuron

Native

76

43S

Southern edge in Brecknock, but taxonomically confused and perhaps not a true British species (G.P. Rothero pers. com

m.)

MDicranum

majus

Native

MDicranum

montanum

Native

1313

6Occasional in eastern Wales, perhaps spreading westwards

MDicranum

polysetum

WL

Native

11

2W

Western edge in Anglesey (New

borough Forest), where a relatively recent arrival

MDicranum

scoparium

Native

MDicranum

scottianum

Native

MDicranum

tauricum

Native

VUVU

MDicranum

undulatum

ENA, B

Native

S42

>50%

41

5S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno), where last seen in 1967 (Hale, 1998) and not refoun

d in 2009, still extant in De

nbighshire

(Bettisfield Moss)

MDidymodon acutus

Native

148

10Widespread on coastal limestone, rarer inland

MDidymodon fallax

Native

MDidymodon ferrugineus

Native

34

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MDidymodon insulanus

Native

MDidymodon lurid

usNa

tive

MDidymodon nicholsonii

Native

MDidymodon rigidulus

Native

MDidymodon sinuosus

Native

MDidymodon sp

adiceus

Native

LCLC

MDidymodon tomaculosus

VUD2

Arch?

S42

DD2

29

Only recorded in Wales from

Pem

brokeshire and Monmouthshire, but probably overlooked

MDidymodon tophaceus

Native

MDidymodon umbrosus

NANe

o3

34

WWestern edge in Glamorgan (Ewenny Prio

ry, R.V. Lansdow

n 2009)

MDidymodon vinealis

Native

5743

5Ra

rer in Wales th

an in England, but still locally frequent in th

e lowlands

MDiphyscium

foliosum

Native

LDiplophyllum albicans

Native

LDiplophyllum obtusifolium

Native

6758

41Frequent in conifer plantations in Wales and probably better recorded here than in most of G

BL

Diplophyllum taxifolium

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Lost from

Caernarfon (Glyders 1844; Hill, 1988), now

southern edge in Perthshire

MDiscelium nudum

Native

RT6

67

Very scarce in north-east W

ales

MDistichium

capillaceum

Native

2114

5Ne

ar southern lim

it in Brecknock but new

records fro

m Cornw

all since th

e Atlas

MDistichium

inclinatum

Native

1312

14In limestone quarries and dune slacks in both north and south Wales, som

etim

es on wall m

ortar

MDitrichum flexicaule

DDNa

tive

>50%

145

11Recently recorded only fro

m Great Orm

e's He

ad, Creigiau Eglwyseg, Tyw

yn Aberffra

w & Craig y Cilau, but poorly

understood and probably

not such a significant decline

MDitrichum gracile

Native

MDitrichum heterom

allum

Native

MDitrichum lineare

Native

1918

38Ou

tlying colony in Cornw

all, otherwise southern edge in Carmarthenshire

NTLC

MDitrichum plumbicola

Arch?

S42

VU10

1056

The Mid Wales ore field is th

e British headquarters of th

is species

MDitrichum pusillum

VUD2

Native

54

13Ra

re in unrem

arkable sites in north Wales (H

ill, 1988); surely somew

hat overlooked

VUVU

MDitrichum su

bulatum

VUD2

Native

S42

44

33N

Northern edge in Carmarthenshire, significant proportion of GB colonies in Pem

brokeshire (8 populations)

MDitrichum zonatum

Native

1412

21S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire

LDouinia ovata

Native

MDrepanocladus a

duncus

Native

MDrepanocladus p

olygam

usNa

tive

MDrepanocladus sendtneri

ENA, B

Native

RT>50%

114

10Lost from

Monmouthshire, still extant in dunes o

f Glamorgan and north Wales; inland records from Radnorshire & Flintshire (H

alkyn Mountain)

LDrepanolejeunea hamatifolia

Native

1511

3On

e outlier in Cornw

all, otherwise southern edge in Meirio

nydd

MEncalypta alpina

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Lost from

Caernarfon (Cwm Dyli 1931; Hill, 1988)

MEncalypta ciliata

Native

2018

19S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire, rare in north Wales (H

ill, 1988) but widespread in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

MEncalypta rhaptocarpa

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Lost from

Caernarfon (Glyders 1880; Hill, 1988)

MEncalypta streptocarpa

Native

MEncalypta vulgaris

Native

MEntodon concinnus

VU-

B-Na

tive

85

2BB

S sprin

g meetin

g in 2008 show

ed Entodon

to be more fre

quent in De

nbighshire limestone th

an previously thought, possibly lost from

Glam

organ (Oxw

ich)

MEntosthodon attenuatus

Native

MEntosthodon fascicularis

Native

MEntosthodon muhlenbergii

NT

BNa

tive

137

21W

Western edge in Glamorgan (Mew

slade; Bosanquet, 2008a), lost from

Meirio

nydd (H

arlech Castle 1908; Hill, 1988)

MEntosthodon obtusus

Native

VUNT

MEntosthodon pulchellus

Native

S42

109

60On

e outlier in Aberdeenshire, otherwise northern edge in Caernarfon (Great Orm

e's He

ad), large part of G

B populatio

n in Glamorgan

(Bosanquet, 2008a)

NENE

MEphemerum

crassinervium

VUD2

Native

22

100

Only British colonies are in Monmouthshire (W

entwood Reservoir), also in Carmarthenshire (Pant-y-llyn Turlough) (M

otley & Bosanquet,

subsp. rutheanum

2005), taxonomy revised by Holyoak (2010), formerly E. hibernicum

LCNE

MEphemerum

crassinervium

Native

Rare

1212

29Six sites in Monmouthshire, 2 in Brecknock, 1 in Carmarthenshire & 2 in Pem

brokeshire make south Wales significant for th

is taxon, only 1

subsp. sessile

north Wales record (Llyn Alaw

1988)

35

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MEphemerum

minutissimum

Native

MEphemerum

recurvifolium

VUD2

Native

Rare

44

3W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire where 2 sites, 1 site in Monmouthshire & 1 in Caernarfon, perhaps under-recorded

MEphemerum

serratum

Native

MEpipterygium

tozeri

Native

LErem

onotus myriocarpus

Native

96

8S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Craig Cerrig

Gleisiad)

MEucladium verticillatum

Native

MEurhynchium striatum

Native

MFissidens a

dianthoides

Native

MFissidens b

ryoidesvar.bryoides

Native

MFissidens b

ryoidesvar. caespitans

Native

101

8435

Probably better-recorded in Wales th

an elsew

here in GB

MFissidens celticus

Native

MFissidens crassipes

Native

MFissidens crispus

WL

Native

>50%

178

12Ap

parent decline as records based on herbariu

m review

, few

bryologists seem to find th

is species now

but it is scattered in Pem

brokeshire

ENEN

MFissidens curvatus

ENB

Native

S42

DD8

531

NNo

rthern edge in Caernarfon, seen at only 4 sites since 1970 (near H

arlech 1975; Rock Dingle 1999; Dryslwyn Castle 2002 & 2008; near

Llandeilo 2009)

MFissidens d

ubius

Native

MFissidens exilis

Native

MFissidens fontanus

Native

77

12W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire (H

averfordwest), also at Monmouth and in Denbighshire (Bangor on De

e)M

Fissidens g

racilifolius

Native

MFissidens incurvus

Native

NTNT

MFissidens m

onguillonii

Native

Rare

88

50N

Northern edge on Anglesey (Gwredog 1988), also Denbighshire (Trefriw 1978), 2 sites in Carmarthenshire and 6 in Pem

brokeshire

MFissidens o

smundoides

Native

MFissidens p

olyphyllus

VUD2

Native

55

23Still th

riving on th

e Afon Glaslyn and in nearby sea caves

MFissidens p

usillus

Native

MFissidens rivularis

Native

2221

39Locally com

mon in south Wales, especially th

e Brecon Beacons area

MFissidens rufulus

Native

3222

28S

Southern edge in Glamorgan

VUVU

MFissidens serrulatus

RENa

tive

S42

>50%

10

0N

Northern edge was in Meirio

nydd (Pencob), w

here last seen in 1968 and not refound during a targeted search in 2009

MFissidens taxifoliusvar. pallidicaulis

Native

88

15Convincing material com

es from

north and mid Wales south to Carmarthenshire (M

ynydd Mallaen)

MFissidens taxifoliusvar. taxifolius

Native

MFissidens viridulus

Native

MFontinalis antipyreticavar. antipyretica

Native

MFontinalis antipyreticavar. gracilis

WL

Native

>50%

168

9Ap

parent decline because of lack of interest in varieties of Fontin

alis antipyretica

MFontinalis sq

uamosavar. squamosa

Native

LFossom

bronia angulosa

Native

77

30Extant in at least 5 of 6 Pem

brokeshire sites and at 2 of 3 near Porthmadog, but lost from

Meirio

nydd (M

inffo

rdd 1921; Hill, 1988)

LFossom

bronia caespitiform

isWL

Native

95

14N

Lost from

Lancashire, northern edge now

in Caernarfon, also lost from

north Pem

brokeshire & Carmarthenshire, F. husnotiinow considered a

form

of F. caespitiform

isNT

LCL

Fossom

bronia fimbriata

CRD

Native

Rare

44

24S

Southern edge in Brecknock/Carmarthenshire (Pont ar W

ysg); m

ore than half of post-1970 British records fro

m 6 sites in 2 hectads in

Pembrokeshire (Preseli & Carn Ingli). No colony has more than 10 plants and th

e entire Welsh population is <40 individuals (21 in Pem

bs, 1 in

Carm

s, 3 in Brecs and <10 in Caerns)

LCLC

LFossom

bronia foveolata

Native

S42

88

11No

sign of decline in Wales, locally abundant on Preseli (Pembrokeshire) and recorded in Cardiganshire (1 site) and 5+ north Wales sites

LFossom

bronia incurva

Native

Rare

1817

19Widespread in south Wales and doubtless more fre

quent in the north than 3 records suggest

NTNT

LFossom

bronia maritima

VUD2

Native

33

17N

Northern edge in Caernarfon (Bardsey 1993), locally frequent in NW Pem

brokeshire (Ram

sey & St D

avid's)

LFossom

bronia pusilla

Native

LFossom

bronia wondraczekii

Native

LFrullania dilatata

Native

LFrullania fra

gilifolia

Native

LFrullania microphyllavar. deciduifolia

ENB

Native

32

100

SThe only British records a

re from

Caernarfon (Moel Hebog 1967; TBD

B) and Brecknock (Craig Cerrig Gleisiad 1999 & Fa

n Nedd 2000; Woods, 2006)

36

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LFrullania microphyllavar. microphylla

Native

LFrullania tamarisci

Native

LFrullania teneriffae

Native

MFunaria hygrometrica

Native

MGlyphomitrium daviesii

ENA, B

Native

Rare

>50%

84

3S


brokeshire (M

ynydd Dinas & Craig Talfynydd), two recent records for M

eirio

nydd (N

ewton, 2004) not in BBS database,

lost from

other north Wales sites

MGrimmia alpestris

CRB

Native

11

33S

Yes


nydd (Cadair Idris 2001), 1 of 3 GB records (Long, 2008)

VUVU

MGrimmia arenaria

VU-

B-Na

tive

DD8

545

SSouthern edge in Cardiganshire, m

ost of G

B populatio

n is in Wales alth

ough recent records suggest overlooked in Lake District

LCNT

MGrimmia atrata

Native

Rare

128

35S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwmystwyth)

MGrimmia decipiens

NT

BNa

tive

179

17Lost from

Montgom

eryshire & Anglesey and apparently declining in north Wales (H

ill, 1988), but no decline evident in the south

MGrimmia donniana

Native

ENVU

MGrimmia elongata

VU-

B-Na

tive

S42

75

45S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Padell N

ant W

yddon), only 4 north Wales records since 1970 but unlikely to have been lost from

its 4 other

sites and a similar 'decline' in Lake District appears to be false (F. Cam

eron pers. com

m.)

MGrimmia funalis

VU-

A-Na

tive

>50%

167

5S


brokeshire (M

ynydd Preseli), few recent records fro

m north Wales but no reason to suspect a decline

MGrimmia hartm

anii

Native

MGrimmia incurva

Native

86

27S


brokeshire (3 sites on Mynydd Preseli), very rare in north Wales (H

ill, 1988) but recently foun

d new to Cadair Idris and

perhaps overlooked elsew

here

MGrimmia laevigata

NT

BNa

tive

2114

33Ap

parently declining in north Wales, w

here lost from

Meirio

nydd & Anglesey, but no decline in th

e south

MGrimmia lisae

Native

2219

49Includes G. retracta& G. trichophyllavar. subsquarrosa, w

ell recorded in Wales

MGrimmia longirostris

VUD2

Native

55

11Recently foun

d at 2 sites in Monmouthshire (both near Cwmyoy), 1 in Radnorshire (Stann

er Rocks), 1 in Montgom

eryshire (Breidden Hill) and

1 in Meirio

nydd (M

oel-y

-gest)

MGrimmia montana

ENA, B

Native

>50%

72

9Lost from

Monmouthshire, M

eirio

nydd, Caernarfon & Anglesey, extant at 2 sites in Radnorshire & 1 in Pem

brokeshire

MGrimmia orbicularis

Native

1811

20Locally abundant on Go

wer (Bosanquet, 2008a) and Great Orm

e's He

ad (H

odgetts, 2003b), also on An

glesey and in th

e north-east, as well as

a single site in Pem

brokeshire (Stackpole), lost from

Meirio

nydd

MGrimmia ovalis

Native

1915

34Core of G

B range is in Monmouthshire (16 sites), Brecknock & Herefordshire; otherwise thriving at Stann

er Rocks, and present at single sites

in Carmarthenshire (Bosanquet et al., 2005) & Denbighshire (H

ill, 1988)

MGrimmia pulvinata

Native

MGrimmia ramondii

Native

VUNT

MGrimmia tergestin

aVU

D2Na

tive

11

10On

ly Welsh record is from

Great Orm

e's He

ad (H

odgetts, 2003b), but species appears to be spreading in southern Brita

inM

Grimmia torquata

Native

2317

11S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

MGrimmia trichophylla

Native

VUVU

LGymnocolea acutiloba

ENB

Native

33

75S

Yes


nydd (R

hinogs & Arenig Fawr; TBDB

; Blackstock & New

ton, 1999); otherwise only known in GB fro

m Easterness

LGymnocolea inflata

Native

LGymnomitrion concinnatum

Native

97

5Single outliers in Devon and Pem

brokeshire (near C

eibw

r Bay), southern edge of core range is Montgom

eryshire (D

ylife)

NTNT

LGymnomitrion corallioides

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Lost from

Caernarfon (Snowdon summit 1912; Hill, 1988), now


LGymnomitrion crenulatum

Native

LGymnomitrion obtusum

Native

MGymnostom

um aeruginosum

Native

MGymnostom

um calcareum

Native

117

9Widespread but scarce on shaded lim

estone

MGymnostom

um viridulum

Native

2121

29Frequent in th

e south-west on calcareous dun

es and wall m

ortar, scarce further n

orth-east

MGyroweisia tenuis

Native

ENNT

MHa

brodon perpusillus

VUD2

Native

S42

44

25De

clined significantly

in most of G

B, detailed surveys of 3 of 4 Welsh colonies indicate th

at all are potentially vulnerable to shading out

MHa

geniella micans

VUD2

Native

RT3

25

SSouthern edge in Meirio

nydd, w

here th

ought extinct but recently rediscovered at 2 sites (Coed Ab

erartro & Cwm Bychan)

MHa

matocaulis vernicosus

Native

DD59

5249

Locally abundant in parts of Brecknock, Carmarthenshire, Pem

brokeshire & Cardiganshire (Bosanquet et al., 2006), less common (or less

well-recorded) in north Wales

LHa

plom

itrium hookeri

Native

Rare

88

7Recorded from

far m

ore sites in south Wales (13) th

an north Wales (2) so probably overlooked in th

e north

LHa

rpalejeunea molleri

Native

2319

7Relatively widespread in oceanic woodlands, especially in north Wales

37

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LHa

rpanthus scutatus

Native

NTLC

MHedw

igia ciliatavar.ciliata

VUB

Native

116

25On

e recent record from

north Wales (R

G Woods pers. com

m., 2010), other recent records com

e fro

m stone tiled roofs in th

e south, remainder

are based on a herbariu

m revision so decline may be overem

phasised

NTLC

MHedw

igia ciliatavar. leucophaea

DDNa

tive

11

25S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Llangua Chu

rch) & nearby He

refordshire (Callaghan, 2006)

MHedw

igia integrifolia

Native

Rare

1912

17S


brokeshire (Craig Talfynydd)

MHedw

igia stellata

Native

MHennediella heimii

Native

MHennediella stanfordensis

NANe

o20

2025

Common on the Severn, Usk, W

ye and th

eir trib

utaries

LHerbertus a

duncus

Native

1312

6S


nydd (Cadair Idris area)

LHerbertus stram

ineus

Native

76

5S


nydd (Llyn y Ga

fr, Cadair Idris)

MHerzogiella seligeri

VUD2

Native

11

1W

Western edge in Monmouthshire (Penyclawdd), only Welsh site

MHeterocladium heteropterum

var. flaccidum

Native

MHeterocladium heteropterum

var. heteropterum

Native

MHeterocladium wulfsbergii

Native

1911

30Recognised by Crun

dwell &

Smith

(2000) and foun

d to be widespread in western Britain

MHomalia trichomanoides

Native

MHomalothecium

lutescens

Native

MHomalothecium

sericeum

Native

MHookeria lucens

Native

MHy

groamblystegium

fluviatile

Native

MHy

groamblystegium

hum

ileVU

D2Na

tive

53

4Lost from

Meirio

nydd & Denbighshire; extant in Monmouthshire (D

ingestow

& Magor) &

Flintshire (nr B

uckley)

MHy

groamblystegium

tenax

Native

MHy

groamblystegium

varium

Native

LHy

grobiella laxifolia

Native

2521

10S

Extin

ct in SE England, now

southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Brechfa Forest)

LCNT

MHy

grohypnum duriusculum

ENA, B

Native

>50%

42

10S

Southern edge was in Meirio

nydd (near D

olgellau; Hill, 1988) but not seen there recently, now

perhaps only in Snowdonia

MHy

grohypnum eugyrium

Native

3319

9S

Lost from

Devon, southern edge now

in Brecknock (D

yffry

n Craw

non; Woods, 2006), apparent d

ecline is probably due to many un

dated north

Wales records

MHy

grohypnum lurid

umNa

tive

MHy

grohypnum ochraceum

Native

MHy

locomiastrum umbratum

Native

2114

5S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Rheidol)

MHy

locomium sp

lendens

Native

MHy

menostylium recurvirostrum

var. recurvirostrum

Native

MHy

ocom

ium arm

oricum

Native

MHy

pnum

andoi

Native

MHy

pnum

callichroum

VU-

A-Na

tive

>50%

229

4S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (M

ynydd Mallaen)

MHy

pnum

cupressiform

e var.cupressiform

eNa

tive

MHy

pnum

cupressiform

evar.lacunosum

Native

MHy

pnum

cupressiform

e var. resupinatum

Native

MHy

pnum

ham

ulosum

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

62

3S


nydd (Cadair Idris), most records were by D.A. Ratcliffe (undated) and many sites have not been re-examined

MHy

pnum

imponens

ENB

Native

32

3Wet heaths and bogs in north Wales, very rare (H

ill, 1988), records are from

1988 (Mynydd Hiraethog), 1960 & 1970

MHy

pnum

jutlandicum

Native

MIsopterygiopsis m

uelleriana

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

21

3S

Southern edge in Caernarfon (4 sites; Hill, 1988), in areas with

little th

orough post-1970 recording

MIsopterygiopsis p

ulchella

Native

MIsothecium

alopecuroides

Native

38

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MIsothecium

holtii

Native

MIsothecium

myosuroides

var. brachythecioides

Native

87

4S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Bannau Sir G

aer)

MIsothecium

myosuroides

var. myosuroides

Native

LJamesoniella autum

nalis

Native

2119

19Widespread but scarce on decaying logs in hum

id woodland or on rocks, south-east to Monmouthshire (W

ye Valley)

LJubula hutchinsiae

Native

LJungermannia atrovirens

Native

LJungermannia borealis

VUD2

Native

55

14S

Southern edge in Brecknock, w

here locally frequent in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

LJungermannia exsertifolia

Native

4130

10S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (A

fon Rh

ymney)

LJungermannia pumila

Native

MKiaeria blyttii

Native

1212

9S


brokeshire (2 sites on Mynydd Preseli)

MKiaeria falcata

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

2S


Carnedd Llewellyn but extant on Snow

don (Hill, 1988)

MKindbergia praelonga

Native

LKurzia pauciflora

Native

LKurzia sy

lvatica

Native

LKurzia trichoclados

Native

LLeiocolea badensis

Native

LLeiocolea bantriensis

Native

LLeiocolea collaris

Native

2421

9S

Southern edge in Glamorgan

LLeiocolea fitzgeraldiae

CRB

Native

11

5S

Yes

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Cwm Id

wal 1988)

LLeiocolea heterocolpos

Native

119

16S

Southern edge in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

LLeiocolea turbinata

Native

LLejeunea cavifolia

Native

LLejeunea lamacerina

Native

LLejeunea patens

Native

LLepidozia cupressina

Native

LLepidozia pearsonii

Native

2917

7S

Southern edge in NE Carm

arthenshire (M

ynydd Mallaen area)

LLepidozia reptans

Native

MLeptobarbula berica

Native

77

6Recent records fro

m 3 sites in Monmouthshire, 2 in Pem

brokeshire & 3 in Carmarthenshire, half are on lim

estone and half on walls

MLeptobryum

pyriform

eNa

tive

MLeptodictyum

ripariu

mNa

tive

MLeptodon sm

ithii

NT

BNa

tive

S42

137

5N

Lost from

Cum

berland, so northern edge on Anglesey, lost from

Meirionydd & sites in Caernarfo

n, Anglesey, Pem

brokeshire (2) &

Glamorgan (2)

MLeptodontiu

m flexifolium

Native

LLeptoscyphus cuneifolius

VUD2

Native

22

2S

Yes


nydd (Coed y Rh

ygen & Coed Ga

nllwyd)

MLeskea polycarpa

Native

MLeucobryum

glaucum

Native

MLeucobryum

juniperoideum

Native

MLeucodon sciuroides

var. morensis

VUD2

Native

11

13On

ly Welsh record is from

Pem

brokeshire (Llanychaer 1973)

MLeucodon sciuroides

var. sciuroides

Native

MLoeskeobryum

brevirostre

Native

LLophocolea bidentata

Native

LLophocolea fragrans

Native

LLophocolea heterophylla

Native

LLophocolea semiteres

NANe

o3

35

WRecently foun

d at tw

o sites in Pem

brokeshire & one in Meirio

nydd, increasing in GB

LLophozia bicrenata

Native

LLophozia excisa

Native

LLophozia incisa

Native

39

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LLophozia longidens

RENa

tive

>50%

20

0S


nydd (3 sites), apparently

last seen there at Cwm Bychan in 1966 (Hill, 1988)

LLophozia obtusa

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

3S

Lost from

Meirio

nydd since 1916, now

southern edge in Caernarfon where extant at 1 of 3 sites (Cwm Id

wal; Hill, 1988)

LLophozia su

detica

Native

LLophozia ventricosa

Native

VUDD

LLophozia wenzelii

WL

Native

????

??Distrib

ution un

certain following Bakalin (2004); identified by Bakalin from

Radnorshire & Meirio

nydd and provisionally by SD

S Bosanquet

from Carmarthenshire, Pem

brokeshire & Denbighshire, so potentially widespread

LLunularia cruciata

Native

LMarchantia polym

orpha

subsp.montivagans

WL

Native

85

8An

under-recorded but scarce subspecies of M

archantia polym

orpha

LMarchantia polym

orpha

subsp. polym

orpha

Native

LMarchantia polym

orpha

subsp. ruderalis

Native

LMarchesinia mackaii

Native

LMarsupella adusta

VU-

B-Na

tive

65

11S


nydd (Cadair Idris)

LMarsupella alpina

VU-

B-Na

tive

74

11S


nydd (Bwlch y Groes)

LMarsupella emarginatavar. aquatica

Native

3827

42Probably under-recorded in much of Britain, especially Scotla

ndL

Marsupella emarginata

var. em

arginata

Native

LMarsupella emarginatavar.pearsonii

WL

Native

>50%

105

29S

Lost from

Devon, now

southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Cwm Doethie)

LMarsupella funckii

Native

LMarsupella sp

hacelata

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

41

2On

e outlier in Devon, otherwise lost from

Brecknock so southern edge in Meirio

nydd (Llyn yr Adar 1984), 1964 & 1967 records fro

m

Caernarfo

n (Aberglaslyn & Snowdon) not looked for since

LMarsupella sp

rucei

Native

LMarsupella stableri

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

3S


nydd (Cadair Idris), lost from

2 of 3 Caernarfon sites (extant in Cw

m Cneifion)

MMeesia uliginosa

CRB

Native

11

2S

Southern edge on Anglesey (Tyw

yn Aberffra

w)

LMetzgeria conjugata

Native

LMetzgeria consanguinea

Native

LMetzgeria furcata

Native

LMetzgeria leptoneura

Native

169

6S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Cothi Gorge)

LMetzgeria pubescens

Native

108

4S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Lady Park Wood; Bosanquet, 2003)

LMetzgeria violacea

Native

MMicrobryum curvicollum

Native

MMicrobryum davallianum

DDNa

tive

55

16N

Northern edge in Caernarfon, a Mediterra

nean-Atla

ntic taxon that was recognised as distinct again in 2008; also recorded in Pem

brokeshire

var.commutatum

(3 hectads) &

Carmarthenshire (1 site)

MMicrobryum davallianum

var.davallianum

Native

MMicrobryum floerkeanum

VUD2

Native

DD3

22

WWestern edge in Monmouthshire, w

here 2 sites, lost from

Caernarfon

MMicrobryum rectum

Native

MMicrobryum starckeanum

Native

2117

20Scattered on lime-rich soil in th

e south and lead mine spoil in the north

LMicrolejeunea ulicina

Native

CREN

MMicromitrium tenerum

CRB

Native

VU1

125

NNo

rthern edge on Anglesey, not seen at only Welsh site (Llyn He

ndref; Hill, 1988) since sole record in 1971

MMnium

hornum

Native

MMnium

marginatum

DDNa

tive

11

33W

Western edge in Denbighshire, only recorded once in Wales, but non-fe

rtile M. m

arginatumon Monmouthshire river banks may also be var.

var. dioicum dioicum

MMnium

marginatum var. m

arginatum

Native

MMnium

stellare

Native

MMnium

thom

sonii

ENB

Native

32

3S

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Cwmglas-m

awr, Cw

mglas-bach & Cwm Id

wal)

40

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LCDD

LMoerckia hibernicaagg.

Native

2013

15Most if not all records are Moerckia flotoviana, which is reasonably frequent in upland flu

shes in Carmarthenshire & Brecknock but has been

lost from

som

e southern dun

e system

sM

Molendoa warburgii

ENB

Native

Rare

44

3S


nydd (Ceunant Cynfal)

LMylia anomala

Native

LMylia taylorii

Native

NTNT

MMyrinia pulvinata

Native

108

28Un

common on the Severn, W

ye and Usk and th

eir trib

utaries

MMyurella julacea

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Lost from

Caernarfon (Snowdon 1912; Hill, 1988)

LNa

rdia com

pressa

Native

LNa

rdia geoscyphus

Native

LNa

rdia scalaris

Native

MNeckera complanata

Native

MNeckera crispa

Native

MNeckera pumila

Native

LNo

wellia curvifolia

Native

LOd

ontoschism

a denudatum

Native

LOd

ontoschism

a sphagni

Native

MOedipodium

griffithianum

NT

BNa

tive

1810

18S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire, lost from Brecknock & a several sites in th

e north (TBD

B)M

Oligotrichum hercynicum

Native

VUVU

MOrthodontiu

m gracile

RENa

tive

EN>50%

10

0Lost from

Denbighshire & Flintshire (N

ant y

Ffrith

; Hill, 1988, Porley & Matcham

, 2003) and not refoun

d in 2008 (SDS

B pers. obs.)

MOrthodontiu

m lineare

NANe

oM

Orthothecium

intricatum

Native

MOrthothecium

rufescens

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

42

2S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Cwm Taw

e) (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008), rare in Snowdonia (Hill, 1988) in areas with

poor recent recording

MOrthotrichum affine

Native

MOrthotrichum anomalum

Native

MOrthotrichum cupulatum

Native

MOrthotrichum diaphanum

Native

MOrthotrichum lyellii

Native

VUNT

MOrthotrichum obtusifolium

VUD2

Native

11

9W

Western edge in Cardiganshire (A

berystwyth 2008), which is th

e only Welsh site

MOrthotrichum pulchellum

Native

MOrthotrichum rivulare

Native

MOrthotrichum rupestre

Native

MOrthotrichum sp

rucei

Native

Rare

3330

25Common on the Severn, W

ye and Usk and Tyw

i and th

eir trib

utaries, also on th

e De

e, Conwy, Cleddaus, Taf and a few other rivers

MOrthotrichum stramineum

Native

MOrthotrichum striatum

Native

MOrthotrichum tenellum

Native

MOxyrrhynchium hians

Native

MOxyrrhynchium pum

ilum

Native

MOxyrrhynchium schleicheri

Native

2618

10At least 27 sites in Monmouthshire, but otherwise rare in Wales

MOxyrrhynchium sp

eciosum

Native

LPallavicinia lyellii

NT

BNa

tive

S42

VU11

622

Foun

d at single new sites in Brecknock, Carmarthenshire, Pem

brokeshire, Cardiganshire & Meirio

nydd in last 10 years, in addition to 2 known

sites in Meirio

nydd & 1 in Cardiganshire, but lost from

3 others in th

ose two coun

ties

MPalustriella com

mutata

Native

MPalustriella falcata

Native

MParaleptodontiu

m recurvifolium

ENA, B

Native

Rare

>50%

51

2S


nydd, lost from all but one (near Tal-y-llyn) north Wales sites (Hill, 1988) and perhaps now

extinct

LPellia endiviifolia

Native

LPellia epiphylla

Native

LPellia neesiana

Native

41

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LPetalophyllum ralfsii

Native

VU17

1655

Brow

nslade Burrows populatio

n is larger th

an all others in GB combined, recorded from

19 sites in Wales and extant in at least 17 but lost

from Morfa Bychan & Tyw

yn Burrows, apparently

increasing in south-west England (H

olyoak, 2002)

NTNT

HPhaeoceros carolinianus

Arch?

65

29Less rare th

an previously thought (Blackstock & Bosanquet, 2004), w

ith 6 extant sites in Monmouthshire and specimens fro

m Cardiganshire

(Llanfarian, 1920), Carmarthenshire (Llandinio, 1981) and Pem

brokeshire (Llan-mill, 2006)

HPhaeoceros laevis

Native

MPhascum cuspidatumvar. cuspidatum

Native

MPhascum cuspidatumvar. papillosum

WL

Native

>50%

10

0Lost from

Caernarfon, but taxonomically dubious

MPhascum cuspidatumvar. piliferum

Native

87

11Very scattered aroun

d the Welsh coast

MPhilonotis arnellii

Native

4032

36M

Philonotis caespitosa

Native

3118

23M

Philonotis calcarea

Native

CRRE

MPhilonotis cernua

EXNa

tive

Rare

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Lost from

Meirio

nydd (Cwm Bychan to 1939; Hill, 1988) and last seen in Britain in 1960, so perhaps almost extinct in Europe

MPhilonotis fontana

Native

MPhilonotis rigida

ENA

Native

>50%

136

35E

Eastern edge in Radnorshire (W

ater-break-its-neck 1965), the most inland locality in GB; rare on the north Wales coast (H

ill, 1988) and at one

site in Pem

brokeshire (near C

eibw

r Bay)

MPhilonotis seriata

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Carneddau; Hill, 1988), lost from 1 or perhaps both sites

LCNT

MPhilonotis tomentella

CRB

Native

11

6S

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Moel Hebog; Hill, 1988)

MPhyscomitrium pyriform

eNa

tive

NTLC

MPhyscomitrium sp

haericum

VUD2

Native

Rare

22

11S

Lost from

SE England, southern edge now

in Carmarthenshire (Low

er Lliedi Reservoir), also in Brecknock (Pontsticill Reservoir) (M

otley &

Bosanquet, 2005)

MPlagiobryum zieri

Native

3629

13S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire/Glamorgan

LPlagiochila asplenioides

Native

LPlagiochila bifaria

Native

LPlagiochila britannica

Native

LPlagiochila exigua

Native

1813

6S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Brechfa Forest)

LPlagiochila heterophylla

VUD2

Native

Rare

44

6S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Rheidol Bryn Bras sectio

n & Cwm Einion)

LPlagiochila porelloides

Native

LPlagiochila punctata

Native

LPlagiochila sp

inulosa

Native

MPlagiomnium

affine

Native

MPlagiomnium

cuspidatum

Native

MPlagiomnium

elatum

Native

MPlagiomnium

ellipticum

Native

MPlagiomnium

rostratum

Native

MPlagiomnium

undulatum

Native

MPlagiopus o

ederianus

Native

2214

18S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Blorenge)

MPlagiothecium cavifolium

Native

MPlagiothecium curvifolium

Native

MPlagiothecium denticulatum

Na

tive

var. denticulatum

MPlagiothecium denticulatum

Native

139

10Occasional in Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008); rare in north Wales (H

ill, 1988)

var. obtusifolium

MPlagiothecium laetum

Native

2019

16Widespread in th

e north and probably under-recorded in th

e south; som

etim

es confused with

P. curvifolium

MPlagiothecium latebricola

Native

MPlagiothecium nem

orale

Native

MPlagiothecium platyphyllum

ENB

Native

22

9S

Southern edge in Caernarfon (2 sites; Hill, 1988)

MPlagiothecium su

cculentum

Native

MPlagiothecium undulatum

Native

42

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MPlasteurhynchium

striatulum

Native

2118

31Frequent on shaded carboniferous limestone

MPlatydictya jungermannioides

Native

116

10Scattered un

der overhangs in calcareous sandstone or limestone

MPlatygyrium repens

Native

88

8W

Western edge in Denbighshire (R

iver Elwy 1972; Hill, 1988), still rare in Monmouthshire (5 sites) & Brecknock (1 site) but foun

d fre

quently

on

English side of the border (M. Law

ley & R. Lansdow

n pers. com

m.) and perhaps increasing

MPlatyhypnidium

lusitanicum

Native

3727

37Locally frequent in north and mid Wales south to Carmarthenshire; probably lost from

Monmouthshire (Cleddon Shoots)

MPlatyhypnidium

riparioides

Native

MPleurid

ium acuminatum

Native

MPleurid

ium su

bulatum

Native

MPleurochaete sq

uarrosa

Native

MPleurozium

schreberi

Native

MPogonatum aloides

Native

MPogonatum nanum

Native

MPogonatum urnigerum

Native

MPohlia annotina

Native

MPohlia bulbifera

Native

MPohlia cam

ptotrachela

Native

MPohlia cruda

Native

MPohlia drummondii

Native

MPohlia elongatavar.elongata

Native

MPohlia elongatavar. greenii

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

4S


1 of 2 sites, extant in Cw

m Id

wal

MPohlia filum

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

2Lost from

Carmarthenshire (Foel Faw

r 1965; Bosanquetet al., 2005) but recently foun

d in Radnorshire (G

arreg-ddu Reservoir 2006)

MPohlia flexuosa

Native

2117

18Occasional in north Wales (H

ill, 1988), m

id Wales and Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008) and south to Glamorgan (Craig y Llyn)

MPohlia lescuriana

Native

MPohlia ludw

igii

ENA, B

Native

>50%

31

2S

Southern edge now in Caernarfon (Cwm Dyli/Llyn Bochlwyd), lost from

Meirio

nydd and from

Cwm Id

wal & Carnedd Llewelyn

MPohlia lutescens

Native

MPohlia melanodon

Native

MPohlia nutans

Native

MPohlia proligera

DDNa

tive

11

5S

Southern edge in Denbighshire, but taxonomically confused and equivocal plants more widespread on mine spoil

MPohlia wahlenbergiivar. glacialis

CRB

Native

11

2S

Southern edge in Caernarfon

MPohlia wahlenbergiivar. wahlenbergii

Native

MPolytrichastrum alpinum

Native

MPolytrichastrum form

osum

Native

MPolytrichastrum longisetum

Native

MPolytrichum com

mune var.commune

Native

MPolytrichum com

munevar. perigoniale

Native

1817

52Recently recognised widely in west W

ales on forestry tracks and clearly under-recorded

MPolytrichum juniperin

umNa

tive

MPolytrichum piliferum

Native

MPolytrichum strictum

Native

LPorella arboris-vitae

Native

LPorella cordaeana

Native

LPorella obtusata

Native

LPorella pinnata

Native

4340

59On

e outlier in Westm

orland, otherwise northern edge in Caernarfon; British headquarters is SW Wales and SW England

LPorella platyphylla

Native

MPottiopsis caespitosa

VUD2

Native

11

3N

Northern edge in Caernarfon (Great Orm

e's He

ad; Hodgetts, 2003b), only Welsh site

LPreissia quadrata

Native

MPseudephem

erum

nitidum

Native

MPseudobryum cinclidioides

Native

119

17S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Llyn Eiddwen)

LCNT

MPseudocalliergon lycopodioides

ENB

Native

RT5

310

Extant in Glamorgan (Kenfig

) & Anglesey (New

borough), lost from Pem

brokeshire (Bosanquet, 2010)

43

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MPseudocrossidium

hornschuchianum

Native

MPseudocrossidium

revolutum

Native

MPseudoleskeella catenulata

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Carneddau; Hill, 1988)

MPseudoscleropodium

purum

Native

MPseudotaxiphyllum elegans

Native

MPterigynandrum

filiforme

RENa

tive

>50%

20

0S

Lost from

Caernarfon (3 sites, last in 1928; Hill, 1988) & Brecknock (Sennybridge 1907)

MPterogonium gracile

Native

MPterygoneurum ovatum

RENa

tive

>50%

30

0Extin

ct by 1830 (H

ill, 1988) and declining rapidly in England

LPtilidium

ciliare

Native

LPtilidium

pulcherrim

umNa

tive

2919

8Un

common and usually in small quantity

in east W

ales, probably just a casual

MPtilium

crista-castrensis

Native

97

3Ap

art from possibly introduced plants in East A

nglia and Gloucestershire, southern edge in Montgom

eryshire

MPtychomitrium polyphyllum

Native

MPylaisia polyantha

Native

119

15W

Western edge in Meirio

nydd, lost from Anglesey but recently

foun

d at several new

sites in Monmouthshire

MRacomitrium aciculare

Native

MRacomitrium affine

Native

MRacomitrium aquaticum

Native

MRacomitrium canescens

Native

96

13True R. canescens

is restricted to calcareous dunes and lim

estone hills

MRacomitrium ellipticum

Native

129

5S


nydd (Cadair Idris)

MRacomitrium elongatum

Native

MRacomitrium ericoides

Native

MRacomitrium fasciculare

Native

MRacomitrium heterostichum

Native

MRacomitrium lanuginosum

Native

NTLC

MRacomitrium macounii

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

73

17S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (A

fon Tywi, Dinas RS

PB; Bosanquet et al., 2005), also in Brecknock (N

ant Irfo

n; Woods, 2006) and recently

at 1 site in north Wales (A

fon Tryw

eryn) but only old records fro

m 5 others

MRacomitrium su

deticum

Native

LRadula aquilegia

VU-

A-, B-

Native

>50%

114

2S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Rheidol), desperate lack of recent records from

north Wales but perhaps because it is too fre

quent to

note specifically

LRadula com

planata

Native

LRadula lindenbergiana

Native

LRadula voluta

ENB

Native

Rare

85

22S


nydd; Hill (1988) reports 11 sites, som

e of which have been relocated by ME Ne

wton and AB

G Averis; Hydroelectric

power schem

es are th

ought to be a particular th

reat to th

is hygrophilous species.

LReboulia hem

isphaerica

Native

MRh

abdoweisia crenulata

Native

3020

18S

Southern edge in Glamorgan (Craig y Llyn)

MRh

abdoweisia crispata

Native

MRh

abdoweisia fugax

Native

MRh

izom

nium

pseudopunctatum

Native

MRh

izom

nium

punctatum

Native

MRh

odobryum

roseum

Native

MRh

ynchostegiella curviseta

RENa

tive

>50%

20

0Lost from

Monmouthshire (Llanthony Valley pre-1920, Tintern 1925; Bosanquet, 2003)

MRh

ynchostegiella tenella

Native

MRh

ynchostegiella teneriffae

Native

MRh

ynchostegium

confertum

Native

MRh

ynchostegium

megapolitanum

Native

MRh

ynchostegium

murale

Native

MRh

ytidiadelphus loreus

Native

MRh

ytidiadelphus squarrosus

Native

44

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

ENNT

MRh

ytidiadelphus subpinnatus

Native

S42

108

73S

Southern edge in Brecknock/Glamorgan (Nedd & Mellte), also in Carmarthenshire (2 extant sites) and Meirio

nydd (2 extant sites), m

ost recent

British records are fro

m Wales

MRh

ytidiadelphus triquetrus

Native

MRh

ytidium rugosum

ENA, B

Native

>50%

31

2Very rare in Snowdonia (Hill, 1988) with

records fro

m Moel Hebog (to 1979), Cw

mglas-m

awr (1960) and Craig yr ysfa (1946)

LRiccardia cham

edryfolia

Native

LRiccardia incurvata

Native

LRiccardia latifrons

Native

LRiccardia multifi

daNa

tive

LRiccardia palmata

Native

LRiccia beyrichiana

Native

2321

28Widespread on th

e coast, especially on Llyn and near St D

avid's; more scattered inland

VUVU

LRiccia canaliculata

ENA, B

Native

S42

>50%

31

10Lost from

2 of 3 north Wales sites, last seen near Beaum

aris in 1972 and not refound during several recent searches (TH Blackstock pers.

comm., 2010)

LRiccia cavernosa

Native

1410

10By

reservoirs in Monmouthshire and in dun

e pools in west W

ales and north Wales

LRiccia crozalsii

ENA, B

Native

>50%

63

11N

Northern world edge on Anglesey, lost from

4 of 6 north Wales sites but recently

foun

d new to Pem

brokeshire (Ram

sey & Skokholm)

LRiccia fluitans

Native

2119

8W

Western edge in Carmarthenshire (near W

hitla

nd)

LRiccia glauca

Native

LRiccia huebeneriana

Native

Rare

97

26No

significant d

ecline in Wales, locally abundant on 7 reservoirs in Brecknock and 1 in Carmarthenshire (M

otley & Bosanquet, 2005), also on

the Afon Teifi and Lake Vyrnw

y, alth

ough perhaps lost from

Anglesey (Llyn Llyw

enan 1952; Hill, 1988) and 1 site in Carmarthenshire (Talley

Lakes 1907)

ENEN

LRiccia nigrella

ENB

Native

S42

32

40N

Northern world edge in Meirio

nydd, status in Barmouth and at H

arlech Castle needs to be ascertained, secure in Radnorshire (Stann

er Rocks)

LRiccia so

rocarpa

Native

LRiccia su

bbifurca

Native

LRicciocarpos natans

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

1W

Western edge in Denbighshire (W

rexham

ponds), now only extant Welsh site if still present (H

ill, 1988), lost from Monmouthshire (M

agor)

LSaccogyna viticulosa

Native

MSanionia uncinata

Native

MSarm

entypnum

exannulatum

Native

MSarm

entypnum

sarm

entosum

Native

LScapania aequiloba

Native

98

7S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire/Brecknock (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

LScapania aspera

Native

LScapania calcicola

CRB

Native

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Southern edge in Brecknock where not looked for since 1965 (Woods, 2006), outlying fro

m Perthshire

LScapania com

pacta

Native

LScapania cuspiduligera

Native

106

14S

Southern edge in Glamorgan (Mum

bles Head 1969), in at least 12 sites in limestone hills of Monmouthshire, Brecknock & Carmarthenshire

LScapania gracilis

Native

NTNT

LScapania gym

nostom

ophila

ENB

Native

22

14S

Yes

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Bannau Sir G

aer), also in Caernarfon (Cwmglas-bach)

LScapania irrigua

Native

LScapania lingulata

Native

66

25S

Southern edge in Brecknock/Pem

brokeshire, scattered upland and coastal sites

LScapania nem

orea

Native

LScapania nimbosa

RENa

tive

Rare

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Lost from

Caernarfon (Cwm Cneifion 1909; Hill, 1988), now

southern edge in South Ebudes

LScapania ornith

opodioides

ENB

Native

22

2S

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Clogw

yn Du'r A

rddu, Cwm Id

wal & Ysgolion Du

on; Hill, 1988)

NTLC

LScapania paludicola

Native

1717

89Very high proportio

n of British records come fro

m neutra

l or acid mires in mid Wales, w

here new

sites continue to be discovered

LScapania paludosa

ENB

Native

22

10S


nydd (Llyn Cw

morthin), also in Caernarfon (Nant Ffra

ncon)

LScapania scandica

Native

LScapania su

balpina

Native

LScapania uliginosa

ENB

Native

55

6On

e outlier in Black Mountains of H

erefordshire, otherwise southern edge in Cardiganshire (Pum

limon)

LScapania umbrosa

Native

LScapania undulata

Native

MSchistidium agassizii

VUD2

Native

43

19S


nydd

MSchistidium apocarpum

Native

45

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

MSchistidium confertum

WL

Native

75

26S

Lost from

Devon, southern edge now

in Radnorshire (south of A

bbey Cwmhir 1966; Rothero, 2004) or C

ardiganshire (Cwmystwyth 2004)

MSchistidium crassipilum

Native

DDLC

MSchistidium elegantulum

WL

Native

43

13Poorly recorded in Britain, hence south Wales biased distrib

ution of com

bined elegantulum& wilsonii; widespread on concrete

DDVU

MSchistidium flaccidum

CRB

Native

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Llyn d'ur Arddu 1967; Tow

nsend, 1997), 1 of only 2 know

n GB

sites, th

e other being on Mull

NENT

MSchistidium frigidum

var. frigidum

DDNa

tive

>50%

42

18S


Gleisiad 1999; Rothero, 2004; Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

NENT

MSchistidium frigidum

var. havaasii

DDNa

tive

>50%

20

0S

Yes

Southern edge in Caernarfon (Cwm Dyli &

Clogw

yn d'ur A

rddu; Tow

nsend, 1997; Rothero, 2004)

NEDD

MSchistidium helveticum

DDNa

tive

11

50S

Yes

Southern edge in Montgom

eryshire (Breidden Hill), recently

discovered new to th

e UK

in Scotla

nd and too poorly known to evaluate

MSchistidium maritimum

Native

NTNT

MSchistidium papillosum

DDNa

tive

DD2

222

SYes


Gleisiad 1999; Rothero, 2004), alth

ough identifi

catio

n questio

nable (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008)

MSchistidium platyphyllum

Native

MSchistidium pruinosum

VUD2

Native

33

14S

Southern edge in Radnorshire (Rock Dingle & Stann

er), where collected in 2008, also foun

d in Montgom

eryshire (Breidden Hill) in 2009

MSchistidium rivulare

Native

MSchistidium robustum

WL

Native

22

5S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Rothero, 2004), w

here scattered aroun

d Craig y Cilau, also in Denbighshire (W

orld's End)

MSchistidium strictum

Native

MSchistidium trichodon

CR-

BNa

tive

DD>50%

10

0S

Southern edge was Caernarfon, now

perhaps extinct but dow

ngraded to CR- because of identificatio

n difficulties peculiar to Schistidium

(Clogw

yn du'r A

rddu 1907; Hill, 1988)

MSchistostega pennata

Native

MSciuro-hypnum plumosum

Native

MSciuro-hypnum populeum

Native

MScleropodium

cespitans

Native

MScleropodium

touretii

Native

VUVU

MScopelophila cataractae

ENB

Arch?

S42

33

29At th

ree vulnerable metal-toxic sites in Glamorgan (Llansam

let), Cardiganshire (Pontrhydygroes) and Caernarfon (Abersoch)

MScorpidium

cossonii

Native

MScorpidium

revolvens

Native

MScorpidium

scorpioides

Native

MScorpiurium circinatum

Native

2720

15N

Northern edge on Anglesey (several sites)

MSeligeria acutifolia

Native

129

23Reasonably com

mon on upland limestone in south Wales

VUVU

MSeligeria brevifolia

CRB

Native

DD1

125

SSouthern edge in Caernarfon (Cwmglas-m

awr; Hill, 1988), only Welsh site

VUNT

MSeligeria cam

pylopoda

VUD2

Native

DD5

571

NNo

rthern edge in Monmouthshire, core of GB populatio

n is in Wye Valley (Blockeel et al., 2000) where 6 populations exist in Monmouthshire,

there are also 2 outliers in north-west M

onmouthshire

MSeligeria donniana

Native

86

5Occasional on upland limestone in south Wales; rare further n

orth

NEVU

MSeligeria oelandica

VUD2

Native

DD1

1100

ERecently foun

d in Brecknock (Craig y Cilau NN

R 2009), otherwise know

n in UK only from

one site in Fermanagh.

DDDD

MSeligeria patula

VUD2

Native

DD1

15

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Blorenge SSSI), also in Brecknock (Craig y Cilau NN

R) but not looked for recently

at 2nd Brecknock site

(Tarren yr Esgob 1965; Woods, 2006), probably all 'S. trifaria

' is S. patula

MSeligeria pusilla

Native

1810

9Slightly more widespread than S. acutifoliabut often growing with

itM

Seligeria recurvata

Native

VUVU

MSematophyllum dem

issum

VUD2

Native

Rare

54

100

EEntire GB

population is in north Wales, m

ost populations are small and very vulnerable except for th

e one at Coed Ga

nllwyd

NTNT

MSematophyllum su

bstrum

ulosum

VUD2

Native

22

25N

Northern edge in Pem

brokeshire (A

mroth & Stackpole), where only 2 Welsh colonies

VUVU

LSolenostom

a caespiticium

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

8Records fro

m 1965 & 1972 fro

m Radnorshire are only ones in Wales

LSolenostom

a confertissimum

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Southern edge in Carmarthenshire (Foel Faw

r 1965; Bosanquet et al., 2005) where only Welsh site, not refoun

d on several recent visits

LSolenostom

a gracillimum

Native

LSolenostom

a hyalinum

Native

LSolenostom

a obovatum

Native

4024

8S

Southern edge in Glamorgan (Cwm Clydach)

LSolenostom

a paroicum

Native

RTL

Solenostom

a sphaerocarpum

Native

LSolenostom

a subellipticum

VU-

B-Na

tive

75

6Occasional in th

e Brecon Beacons (Bosanquet & Motley, 2008), very rare in Snowdonia (Hill, 1988)

46

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

VUVU

LSouthbya tophacea

Native

66

75N

Northern world edge in Flintshire (D

dol 1973; Hill, 1988), if still extant, otherwise on Anglesey (Tyw

yn Aberffra

w, to 2004 at least), also 2 sites

in Pem

brokeshire & 1 in Glamorgan

MSphagnum

affine

Native

1010

17S


nydd, occasional in north Wales (H

ill, 1988)

MSphagnum

angustifolium

Native

2726

27Widespread and probably still under-recorded

MSphagnum

austin

iiVU

D2Na

tive

44

4Present in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno), Meirio

nydd (Cors Go

ch, Trawsfynydd

ENEN

MSphagnum

balticum

ENA, B

Native

>50%

21

14S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire; not seen durin

g recent searches at main site (Cors Caron 1967; Hale, 1998), but new

colony discovered in

2009 (Cors Craig y Bw

lch)

MSphagnum

capillifolium

subsp. capillifolium

Native

1212

63Poorly understood, eith

er locally frequent on bogs (SDS

B pers. obs.) or very rare (M

.O. Hill pers. com

m.)

MSphagnum

capillifolium

subsp. rubellum

Native

MSphagnum

com

pactum

Native

MSphagnum

contortum

Native

MSphagnum

cuspidatum

Native

MSphagnum

denticulatum

Native

MSphagnum

fallax

Native

MSphagnum

fimbriatum

Native

MSphagnum

flexuosum

Native

MSphagnum

fuscum

ENB

Native

33

1Present in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno), Meirio

nydd (Cors Go

ch, Trawsfynydd)

MSphagnum

girgensohnii

Native

MSphagnum

inundatum

Native

MSphagnum

magellanicum

Native

MSphagnum

molle

Native

MSphagnum

palustrevar. centrale

DDNa

tive

11

33Very poorly

understood and probably not as rare as the single Welsh record suggests

MSphagnum

palustrevar.palustre

Native

MSphagnum

papillosum

Native

MSphagnum

platyphyllum

Native

2019

40S


brokeshire, w

here locally frequent (15+ sites around Mynydd Preseli)

MSphagnum

pulchrum

VUD2

Native

55

16Present in Cardiganshire (Cors Fochno & Cors Caron), M

ontgom

eryshire (Cors Dy

fi)M

Sphagnum

quinquefariu

mNa

tive

MSphagnum

ripariu

mVU

D2Na

tive

11

4On

ly Welsh site is on An

glesey (Jones et al., 2006), perhaps lost from

Berkshire

MSphagnum

russow

iiNa

tive

NTNT

MSphagnum

skyense

DDNa

tive

DD1

18

SYes

Southern world edge in Cardiganshire (Bryn Bras), but likely to be foun

d in Snowdonia if looked for

MSphagnum

squarrosum

Native

MSphagnum

strictum

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Southern edge was in Meirio

nydd (Bwych Tydiad, Rhinogs; Hill, 1988) but not looked for recently

, disjunct from Kircudbrightshire

MSphagnum

subnitens

var.subnitens

Native

MSphagnum

subsecundum

Native

2821

28Very uncom

mon at scattered sites, perhaps com

monest in Cardiganshire (Llyn Eiddwen) and Caernarfon (Cors Graianog)

MSphagnum

tenellum

Native

MSphagnum

teres

Native

MSphagnum

warnstorfii

Native

3329

17S

Southern edge in Brecknock

LSphenolobopsis pearsonii

Native

Rare

1612

13S

Southern edge in Brecknock (W

aterfalls area)

MSplachnum ampullaceum

ENA

Native

>50%

3618

10Lost from

Carmarthenshire and various sites in most other vice-coun

ties because of decline in cattle grazing on wetlands

MSplachnum sp

haericum

Native

MStraminergon stramineum

Native

MSyntrichia laevipila

Native

MSyntrichia latifolia

Native

MSyntrichia montana

Native

MSyntrichia papillosa

Native

47

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LCNT

MSyntrichia princeps

VUD2

Native

11

5On

ly Welsh population on Moel Hebog appears stable (SDS

B pers. obs., 2003)

MSyntrichia ruralis

var.ruraliformis

Native

MSyntrichia ruralis

var.ruralis

Native

MSyntrichia virescens

Native

77

4W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire (M

ilford Ha

ven)

LTargionia hypophylla

NT

BArch?

1712

26Lost from

one site in Carmarthenshire and present in tiny quantity

at other S Wales sites; slightly com

moner in east W

ales (eg Stanner

Rocks); w

idely scattered in sun

ny sites on Llyn and An

glesey

MTaxiphyllum wissgrillii

Native

MTetraphis p

ellucida

Native

MTetraplodon angustatus

RENa

tive

>50%

10

0S

Yes

Lost from

Caernarfon (Snowdon, 1899; Hill, 1988), now


MTetraplodon mnioides

Native

MTetrodontiu

m brownianum

Native

MTham

nobryum alopecurum

Native

MThuidium

assimile

Native

MThuidium

delicatulum

Native

MThuidium

recognitu

mVU

-B-

Native

64

11On

limestone pavem

ent in several places in north-east W

ales (H

ill, 1988) and at one in Monmouthshire (G

reat Barnets Woods)

MThuidium

tamariscinum

Native

LCVU

MTomentypnum

nitens

NT

BNa

tive

74

7S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (H

en-draws); lost from several north Wales sites (K. Birch pers. com

m.)

MTortella bam

bergeri

Native

2119

51S

Southern edge in Monmouthshire (Bosanquet, 2006a), recently recognised in Britain and certainly un

der-recorded

MTortella densa

VUD2

Native

11

4On

ly recorded on Great O

rme's He

ad (H

odgetts, 2003b)

MTortella flavovirens

Native

MTortella inclinata

NT

BNa

tive

1310

29Lost from

several sites in south Wales but still present in Glamorgan (Pennard Burrows), as well as on Anglesey (Tyw

yn Aberffra

w,

Newborough, Cors Go

ch; Hill, 1988) and Meirio

nydd (M

orfa Dyffry

n, Morfa Harlech; Hill, 1988)

MTortella nitida

Native

MTortella tortuosa

Native

MTortula atrovirens

Native

3122

28Locally com

mon on the Pembrokeshire coast, on Llyn and Anglesey

MTortula canescens

ENA, B

Native

>50%

62

11On

e outlier in Kintyre, otherwise northern edge in Meirio

nydd where extant at one site (near H

arlech), lost from

Pem

brokeshire & Radnorshire

but presumably still on Roun

dton Hill

ENEN

MTortula cuneifolia

ENA, B

Native

S42

>50%

52

14N

Northern edge in Caernarfon (Bardsey), lost from

Pem

brokeshire & Anglesey, otherwise only extant at one site in Meirio

nydd (near H

arlech)

MTortula lanceola

Native

MTortula marginata

Native

MTortula modica

Native

MTortula muralis

Native

MTortula protobryoides

Native

1511

6W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire (Castlemartin

Range)

MTortula schimperi

DDNa

tive

>50%

10

0No

specimen backs up Monmouthshire record of var. angustata(Black Mountains 19th century), no Welsh specimens of T. schimperilocated

by Smith

(2008)

MTortula subulata

Native

MTortula truncata

Native

MTortula virid

ifolia

Native

ENVU

MTortula wilsonii

ENA, B

Native

S42

>50%

184

15N

Dram

atic decline, northern lim

it may now

be in Pem

brokeshire, w

here 3 colonies remain, but status in Meirio

nydd (nr A

berdovey 1974;

TBDB

) needs to be ascertained

LTrichocolea tomentella

Native

MTrichodon cylindricus

Native

MTrichostom

um brachydontiu

mNa

tive

MTrichostom

um crispulum

Native

MTrichostom

um tenuirostre

Native

LTritomaria exsecta

Native

159

8S

Southern edge in Brecknock (Pen y Cae; W

oods 2006), apparently

lost from

Monmouthshire

LTritomaria exsectiformis

Native

48

GB Red List 2005

GB Red List 2011

MLH

Taxon

Wales Red List

Criteria

Native/alien status

Section 42 Wales

Europe Red List





Edge of GB range?


Comments

LTritomaria quinquedentata

Native

MUlota bruchii

Native

MUlota calvescens

ENA, B

Native

>50%

31

1E

Eastern edge was in Meirio

nydd, but not recorded th

ere since 1970; only recent record was a casual colony in Pem

brokeshire (Lam

phey)

MUlota coarctata

RENa

tive

RT>50%

20

0Lost from

Meirio

nydd (3 sites; Hill, 1988)

MUlota crispa

Native

MUlota drum

mondii

Native

118

3S

Southern edge in Cardiganshire (Cwm Mwyro)

MUlota hutchinsiae

ENA, B

Native

>50%

114

2Lost from

Carmarthenshire, rare in north Wales (H

ill, 1988), perhaps genuinely declining

MUlota phyllantha

Native

MWarnstorfia fluitans

Native

MWeissia brachycarpa

var.brachycarpa

Native

98

10Probably much commoner in arable fields and on road verges than th

e few records suggest

MWeissia brachycarpa

var. obliqua

Native

MWeissia controversa

var. controversa

Native


var. crispata

Native

1211

39Very com

mon on the south Wales coastal limestone


var. densifolia

Native

3433

45Probably widespread un

der drip

ping metal roofs, crash barriers etc; officially only on lead mines, but ubiquito

us on them

ENEN

MWeissia levieri

ENB

Native

S42

Rare

22

40N

Northern world edge in Glamorgan (Gow

er), where still locally frequent (Bosanquet, 2008a)

MWeissia longifolia

var. angustifolia

Native

MWeissia longifolia

var. longifolia

Native

CRCR

MWeissia multicapsularis

CRB

Native

EN1

18

NNo

rthern edge was Monmouthshire, w

here last seen in 1981, now

restricted to Cornw

all

MWeissia perssonii

Native

Rare

2828

29Common on the coast and not th

reatened at all

MWeissia rostellata

Native

Rare

88

19W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire (Red Hill & Llys y Fran Reservoir), not seen recently on An

glesey (Llyn Alaw

1988 & Cefni Reservoir 1971) or

Cardiganshire (Llechryd 1995) but extant in Carm

arthenshire (G

lan Myddyfi) & Monmouthshire (D

ingestow

& Wentwood Reservoir)

MWeissia rutilans

Native

VUNT

MWeissia sq

uarrosa

VUD2

Arch?

S42

Rare

43

12W

Western edge in Pem

brokeshire (2 sites), largest known GB

colony is in Monmouthshire (Bosanquet & Preston, 2005), but species is likely to

be under-recorded

VUNT

MWeissia sterilis

VUD2

Native

Rare

11

3N

Northern edge in Montgom

eryshire (Roundton Hill 1975; TBD

B) status needs to be assessed at its only Welsh site

MZygodon conoideusvar. conoideus

Native

MZygodon rupestris

Native

MZygodon virid

issimus

var.stirtonii

Native

MZygodon virid

issimus

var. virid

issimus

Native


49

9. Excluded taxaSix taxa that are thought to be neophytes in Wales have been excluded from the analysis,as have 19 varieties and four species recognised in the 1998 Census Catalogue butexcluded from the 2008 equivalent. They are all given the IUCN category of Not Applicable(NA) for the purpose of this study. Several of the varieties would qualify as threatened ifthey were shown to be taxonomically valid because of declines (4 taxa), apparent regionalextinction (7 taxa), or restricted ranges (2 taxa); they are marked * below. In some casesthe apparent extinction is because recent recorders have ignored the taxon, but some ofthem are likely to be genuinely rare. Two of the neophytes, marked # below, are rare inWales and would qualify as Vulnerable if proven to be native.

Taxon Wales Red Reason(s) for exclusionData List

Atrichum crispum NA NeophyteCampylopus introflexus NA NeophyteDidymodon umbrosus# NA NeophyteHennediella stanfordensis NA NeophyteLophocolea semiteres# NA NeophyteOrthodontium lineare NA NeophyteBryum capillare var. rufifolium* NA Synonymous with var. capillareBryum neodamense* NA Synonymous with B. pseudotriquetrumCampylopus atrovirens var. gracilis* NA Synonymous with var. atrovirensCampylopus pyriformis var. azoricus NA Synonymous with var. pyriformisCtenidium molluscum var. fastigiatum* NA Synonymous with var. molluscumDitrichum zonatum var. scabrifolium NA Synonymous with var. zonatumFissidens exiguus* NA Synonymous with F. pusillusFontinalis antipyretica var. gigantea NA Synonymous with var. antipyreticaFontinalis squamosa var. dixonii* NA Synonymous with var. squamosaFossombronia caespitiformis s.str.* NA F. husnotii now synonymous with F. caespitiformis so latter is not

threatenedGrimmia pulvinata var. africana* NA Synonymous with var. pulvinataHygrohypnum luridum var. subsphaericarpon* NA Synonymous with var. luridumHypnum lacunosum var. tectorum NA Synonymous with H. cupressiformeOrthotrichum cupulatum var. riparium NA Synonymous with var. cupulatumPlagiothecium ruthei NA Synonymous with P. denticulatumPolytrichum commune var. humile* NA Synonymous with var. perigonialePterigynandrum filiforme var. majus* NA Synonymous with var. filiformeSchistidium elegantulum subsp. wilsonii NA Synonymous with var. elegantulumTortella flavovirens var. glareicola NA Synonymous with var. flavovirensTortula muralis var. aestiva NA Synonymous with var. muralisTortula subulata var. graeffii NA Synonymous with var. subulataTortula subulata var. subinermis* NA Synonymous with var. subulataTrichostomum tenuirostre var. holtii* NA Synonymous with var. tenuirostre


50

10. AcknowledgementsThanks go to the British Bryological Society vice-county recorders: 35 & 45 SamBosanquet; 41 Roy Perry; 42 & 43 Ray Woods; 44 Graham Motley; 46 Alan Hale; 47-52 TimBlackstock. Records from all of them, as well as other active Welsh recorders, helped in thedevelopment of this Red Data List. Chris Preston at the Biological Records Centre (BRC)supplied hectad counts for Wales almost as soon as requested and modified these countswhere necessary to take account of taxonomic splits and other changes. Mark Hill at BRChas been critically checking records for many years and was instrumental in documentingthe rich bryophyte flora of north Wales.


51

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Blackstock, T.H. & Bosanquet, S.D.S. (2004), Phaeoceros sex forms in the BBS herbarium.Field Bryology 84: 9–13.

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Blom, H.H. (1996), A revision of the Schistidium apocarpum complex in Norway andSweden. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 49. J. Cramer, Berlin & Stuttgart.

Bosanquet, S.D.S. (2003), Monmouthshire Register of Rare Bryophytes. Privately published,Haverfordwest.

Bosanquet, S.D.S. (2006a), Tortella bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth. in the British Isles. J. Bryol.28: 5–10.

Bosanquet, S.D.S. (2006b), Amblystegium radicale in reed-beds in south Wales. FieldBryology 89: 3–6.

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Bosanquet, S.D.S. (2008b), Red Data Book bryophytes on the south Wales limestone coast.Field Bryology 95: 2–7.

Bosanquet, S.D.S. (2010), The Mosses and Liverworts of Pembrokeshire. Privately published,Dingestow.

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Bosanquet, S.D.S., Hale, A.D., Motley, G.S. & Woods, R.G. (2006), Recent work onHamatocaulis vernicosus in mid and south Wales. Field Bryology 90: 2–8.

Bosanquet, S.D.S. & Motley, G.S. (2005), A fairly predictable locus for Cephalozia plenicepsin south Wales. Field Bryology 85: 6–7.


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Bosanquet, S.D.S. & Motley, G.S. (2008), The bryophytes of upland sandstone cliffs in theWestern and Central Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales. CCW Staff Science Report.

Bosanquet, S.D.S. & Preston, C.D. (2005), Weissia squarrosa in Britain: a re-evaluation of itsidentification and ecology in the light of recent records. Field Bryology 86: 2–13.

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Hill, M.O., Blackstock, T.H., Long, D.G. & Rothero, G.P. (2008), A Checklist and CensusCatalogue of British and Irish Bryophytes. British Bryological Society, Middlewich.

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Hill, M.O., Preston, C.D., Bosanquet, S.D.S. & Roy, D.B. (2007), BRYOATT Attributes of Britishand Irish Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts. NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology,Monks Wood.

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Smith, A.J.E. (2008), Tortula schimperi in England. Field Bryology 94: 21–22.

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55


56

SummaryThis report assesses the threats to those Welsh plants that belong to threegroups: mosses, liverworts and hornworts, collectively known as bryophytes.Despite their relatively small size, these plants play a critical role in Welshecosystems – especially water regulation and nutrient cycling – as well asimparting the ‘mossy’ appearance so characteristic of the Welsh uplands,woodlands and wetlands.

Wales supports, or has supported, almost three quarters of the 1110 British bryophytespecies, but many of our 811 species are under threat of extinction. Habitat loss anddegradation are still the most significant threats, enhanced by exceptionally highnutrient levels in the general environment and ongoing climate change. Already, 26mosses and liverworts (3%) are believed to have been lost from Wales in the last 150years, many of them from Snowdonia. Another 173 have shown such significantdeclines, and/or have such restricted ranges that they are threatened with extinction –18 (2%) are Critically Endangered, 64 (8%) are Endangered, 64 (8%) are Vulnerable, 12(1%) are Near Threatened, and 15 (2%) are thought to be threatened but lacksufficient information for a full assessment.

Thus, 34% of the Welsh bryophyte flora requires action to safeguard it for the future,or to understand its true status. This figure is the same as that for Great Britain as awhole, but is made up of a different selection of species reflecting regional priorities.It is hoped that identifying mosses and liverworts that are specifically threatened inWales will help with prioritising future conservation actions and will highlight thoseplants that most urgently need protection.

CrynodebMae’r adroddiad hwn yn asesu’r bygythiadau sy’n wynebu’r planhigion Cymreigsy’n perthyn i dri grŵp; Mwsoglau, Llysiau Afu a Chyrnddail. Gyda’i gilydd,adwaenir y grwpiau hyn fel Bryoffytau. Er eu bod yn blanhigion cymharol fychanmaen nhw’n rhan allweddol o ecosystemau Cymru – yn enwedig o ran rheoleiddiodŵr a chylchu maetholion. Maen nhw hefyd yn creu’r naws ‘fwsoglaidd’ sydd mornodweddiadol o ucheldiroedd, coedwigoedd a gwlyptiroedd Cymru.

Mae Cymru yn cynnal, neu wedi cynnal, bron i dri chwarter o’r 1110 o rywogaethgau ofryoffytau sydd i’w cael ledled Prydain. Ond mae nifer fawr o’r 811 rhywogaeth syddgennym yma yng Nghymru yn wynebu difodiant. Diflaniad a dirywiad cynefinoeddyw’r prif fygythiadau o hyd, ac mae’r lefelau uchel iawn o faetholion yn yramgylchedd cyffredinol a hefyd newidiadau yn yr hinsawdd yn cyfrannu at yreffeithiau niweidiol hyn. Eisoes tybir bod 26 o fwsoglau a llysiau afu (3%) wedidiflannu o Gymru yn ystod y 150 mlynedd ddiwethaf – nifer ohonynt o Eryri. Maepoblogaethau 173 o rywogaethau eraill wedi dirywio i’r fath raddau ac/neu wedicrebachu o ran dosbarthiad fel eu bod yn syrthio i gategorïau bygythiadau yr IUCN –mae 18 (2%) mewn Perygl Enbyd; mae 64 (8%) mewn Perygl ; mae 64 (8%) yn Fregus;ac mae 12 (1%) yn agos at fod dan Fygythiad – tra bod prinder gwybodaeth yn golygunad oes modd priodoli categori bygythiad i 15 (2%) ohonynt.

Felly mae angen gweithredu mewn perthynas â 34% o fflora bryoffytau Cymru ermwyn sicrhau dyfodol i’r elfen bwysig hon o’n hamgylchedd naturiol neu i ddeall eistatws gwirioneddol. Mae’r ffigur hwn yr un peth ar gyfer Prydain gyfan ond maeangen rhoi sylw i wahanol rywogaethau mewn gwahanol rannau o Brydain, yn ôlblaenoriaethau rhanbarthol. Gobeithir y bydd y gwaith o adnabod mwsoglau a llysiauafu sydd dan fygythiad yng Nghymru yn helpu blaenoriaethu gweithgareddcadwraethol yn y dyfodol ac yn helpu adnabod y planhigion hynny sydd angen sylwbrys os am eu gwarchod.

Featured speciesThese two species have been selected to illustrate the value of producing a Bryophyte Red Data List for Wales.

Green Blackwort (Southbya tophacea)Vulnerable in Great Britain but Least Concern in Wales

This leafy liverwort is characteristic of Mediterranean Europe, and is veryclose to the northern edge of its global range on Anglesey. It is restricted tolime-rich ground where there is an almost constant seepage of water. The Anglesey colony is in a dune slack, and there are three further coloniesin south Wales on limestone cliff slopes: two in Pembrokeshire and one inthe Vale of Glamorgan.

The decline in England that led to the Red List status at the British levelhas not been apparent in Wales, although invasion with non-nativeCotoneaster threatens one Pembrokeshire site and a colony in Flintshirehas not been surveyed for a number of years.

Drooping-leaved Beard-moss (Paraleptodontium recurvifolium)Least Concern in Great Britain but Endangered in Wales

Drooping-leaved Beard-moss is a beautiful yellow-green species with long,tapering, toothed leaves that all curve downwards, and a tongue-twistingscientific name.

It grew in small quantity in at least 8 sites in north Wales, in areas with highhumidity, seeping water and slightly limey rock. Many of the sites have beenrevisited regularly in recent years, and Paraleptodontium could not be found:only two sites in Snowdonia have recent (post-1980) records.

At least three of the ravines where Drooping-leaved Beard-moss was recordedin the past have been considered for hydro-electric power generation,although no HEP schemes have been installed on these ravines yet. HEP isbelieved to be a significant threat, potentially causing reduced spray andhumidity around Paraleptodontium colonies. The ability of this species tocope with environmental change is uncertain, but its extremely restrictedrange and tendency to occur in small quantity on any site where it growssuggest that it is unlikely to be particularly flexible.

Cover imageOrobus-seed Liverwort (Targionia hypophylla)© Jonathan Sleath

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Bryophyte Wales Bryoffytauar gyfer Cymru