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Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Java ME Record Management System
Mobile Computing
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Mobiles + (Tunnels | Hills) = Lost connection
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Only commercial databases for Java ME handsets
No widely available databases for Java ME on CLDC
There are some open source packages if you’re using CDC – see information page
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
A RecordStore is NOT a database
A RecordStore is an array of bytes
with MIDP 2.0 a RecordStore can be shared across MIDlet suites
RecordStore names must be unique
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Set the MIDlet-Data-Size attribute when using RMS
Any MIDlet suite that uses RMS should specify the minimum number of bytes of data storage it requires, by setting the MIDlet-Data-Size attribute, in both the JAR manifest and the application descriptor.
If the MIDlet-Data-Size attribute is missing, the device assumes the MIDlet suite requires no space for data storage.
If the MIDlet-Data-Size attribute is missing, the device assumes the MIDlet suite requires no space for data storage.
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
RecordStore if LILOhttp://w
ww
.geh.org//fm/lw
hprints//m197701610011.jpg
I’m telling you, it’s last in, last
out
No transactions then. Hmm
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
If multiple apps share an RMS you need to write the logic for this
RMS operations are thread-safe, but threads must still coordinate the reading and writing of data to the same record store.
This is especially important if your RecordStore is shared in a MIDlet suite.
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
RecordStore uses ID not index
1 Tom 6789
2 Jane 3680
3 Henry 1472
1 Tom 6789
2 Jane 3680
3 Henry 1472
4 Mary 8547
1 Tom 6789
2 Jane 3680
3 Henry 1472
4 Mary 8547
1 Tom 6789
2 Jane 3680
3 Henry 3456
4 Mary 8547
5 Sarah 4354
1 2
3 4
Start with three Remove Jane, add Mary
Remove Tom Change data, add row
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
recordID = 1 for first record
http://www.geh.org//fm/lwhprints//m197701580006.jpg
Yes, but when it’s gone it’s
gone
Auto-increment,
nice.And it always
starts at 1
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
RecordStore Methods• All are static so can be called without instance• Can acquire a list of all record stores with
String[ ] listRecordStores()• Create/open record store with RecordStore openRecordStore(myStore, true) boolean to create or not if doesn’t exist
• Delete via void deleteRecordStore(myStore)
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Adding Items
myRecords.addRecord(myBytes, 0, myBytes.length);
byteArray of data to be written to the store
Offset from which to start writing the data
How much of byteArray should be written
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Modifying a Record
Same as writing to a record, but must also pass in the recordID as the first parameter
myRecords.addRecord(recordID, myBytes, 0, myBytes.length);
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Reading a recordEither:
– A) byte [ ] recordData = myRecords.getRecord(1)
– B) byte[ ] myBuffer = new byte[BIG_ENOUGH];int readRecord = myRecords.getRecord(1, myBuffer, 0);• Instead of creating a new byte array to hold
the result, this version uses one from the application
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Meta Information
• long lastModified() timestamp of store
• String getName() of the store
• int getNextRecordID() to be added to the store
• int getRecordSize(int myRecord) for the size of the specified record
• int getSize() of the complete store
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Custom Objects
• Problem – how to serialise objects and their attributes?
• Create class and then write variables to bytes and then store this object to the array
• Reverse the process to recreate the object
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Custom Object - class
class AuctionItems {
String descriptionAI;
String summaryAI;
String startPriceAI;
long startDateAI;
}
Create class to hold variables for custom object, which can then be passed around as required
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Write Custom objectprivate byte[] getBytes() throws IOException{ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
dos.writeUTF(descriptionAI);dos.writeUTF(summaryAI);dos.writeUTF(startPriceAI);dos.writeLong(startDateAI);dos.close();baos.close();return baos.toByteArray();}
* Variables from Form* Could also write out Int, Long, Short, and others
* Variables from Form* Could also write out Int, Long, Short, and others
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Read Custom Objectpublic AuctionJ2meItems(byte[] data) throws
RecordStoreNotOpenException, InvalidRecordIDException,
RecordStoreException, IOException {
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bais);
this.descriptionAI = dis.readUTF();
this.summaryAI = dis.readUTF();
this.startPriceAI = dis.readUTF();
this.startDateAI = dis.readLong();
}A read from the store is the constructor for object and gets used like this:byte[] inputData = auctionItems.getRecord(item);AuctionItems ai = new AuctionItems(inputData);
‘item’ is an int‘item’ is an int
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Could write your own implementation to make RMS work like JDBC
To make working with RMS like using JDBC, and Java objects, need to write structure to handle this
http://developers.sun.com/mobility/midp/articles/databasemapextend/
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Use either brute force or enumeration to traverse a RecordStore
Because record IDs are fixed, they are not continuous. A deleted record ID is not filled by an incoming record, so iteration doesn’t work.
RecordStore is NOT a database as shown by this operation
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Fetch records one by one in a simple way...
RecordStore rs = ... // an open record store int lastID = rs.getNextRecordID(); int numRecords = rs.getNumRecords(); int count = 0; for( int id = 1; id < lastID && count < numRecords; +
+id ){ try { byte[] data = rs.getRecord( id ); ... // process the data ++count;
} catch( InvalidRecordIDException e ){ // just ignore and move to the next record
} catch( RecordStoreException e ){ // a more general error that should be handled // somehow break;
} } ...
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
You can also use RecordEnumeration RecordStore rs = ... // an open record store RecordEnumeration enum = rs.enumerateRecords( null, null, false );
try { while( enum.hasNextElement() ){ int id = enum.nextRecordId(); byte[] data = rs.getRecord( id ); ... // do something here }
} catch( RecordStoreException e ){ // handle the error here
} ...
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Sorting Objects
• Use RecordEnumerations to sort through records using compare() – Returns either: EQUIVALENT, FOLLOWS or
PRECEDES
• Can also use enumerateRecords() with its RecordFilter to sift through recordStore
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Use RecordComparator to sort records for display
import javax.microedition.rms.*;import java.lang.*;
public class MyComparator implements RecordComparator { public int compare(byte rec1[], byte rec2[]) {
String recstr1 = new String(rec1);String recstr2 = new String(rec2);
int num = recstr1.compareTo(recstr2);if (num != 0) {
return ( num < 0 ? RecordComparator.PRECEDES : RecordComparator.FOLLOWS); }else {
return RecordComparator.EQUIVALENT; }
}}
http://www.microjava.com/articles/techtalk/rms2
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Duke’s Auction MIDlet retrieves list of auction items
AuctionMIDlet
Servlet
Database
Send query to db
AuctionItems
ResultSet returned
Vector returned
AuctionJ2meItems
AuctionJ2meItems
Creates vector of these
Serialises to RMS
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Call the servlet with byte
hc = (HttpConnection) Connector.open(url); baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); dos = new DataOutputStream(baos); dos = hc.openDataOutputStream();
dos.writeByte(OPERATION_LIST_ALL_ITEMS); dos.close();
Use DataInput/ OutputStreams and ByteArrayOutputStream to manage data
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
The servlet responds to the callprivate void j2me_selectItem(DataInputStream call, DataOutputStream result,
String quantity) throws IOException, SQLException {
AuctionItems auctionI = new AuctionItems();Vector<AuctionJ2meItems> items = new Vector<AuctionJ2meItems>();items = auctionI.getJ2meAuctionItems("all");
Iterator<AuctionJ2meItems> iter = items.iterator();while (iter.hasNext()) {
AuctionJ2meItems aItem = new AuctionJ2meItems();aItem = (AuctionJ2meItems) iter.next();result.writeUTF("next");result.writeUTF(aItem.descriptionAI);result.writeUTF(aItem.summaryAI);result.writeUTF(aItem.startPriceAI);result.writeLong(aItem.startDateAI);
}return;
}
Use AuctionItems and AuctionJ2meItems
Write stream to MIDlet
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
MIDlet captures stream and writes object to RMS
inputStream = hc.openDataInputStream();
int contentLength = (int) hc.getLength();
String k = "";
inputStream.skipBytes(4);
while (inputStream.available() > 0) {
k = inputStream.readUTF();
if (k.equals("next")) {
aItem = new AuctionJ2meItems(inputStream.readUTF(),
inputStream.readUTF(), inputStream.readUTF(),
inputStream.readLong());
ByteArrayOutputStream baos2 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos2 = new DataOutputStream(baos2);
aItem.serialize(dos2);
byte[] b = baos2.toByteArray();
try {
auctionItemStore.addRecord(b, 0, b.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
// more code left out here
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Then we can read the RecordStore into a form with read(1);
private void read(int item) throws RecordStoreNotOpenException,
InvalidRecordIDException, RecordStoreException, IOException {
byte[] inputData = auctionItemStore.getRecord(item);
AuctionJ2meItems ai = new AuctionJ2meItems(inputData);
ai.print();
// set up form …
readForm.append(description);
readForm.append(summary);
readForm.append(startPrice);
readForm.append(startDate);
description.setString(ai.descriptionAI);
summary.setString(ai.summaryAI);
startPrice.setString(ai.startPriceAI);
startDate.setString(String.valueOf(new java.util.Date(ai.startDateAI)));
// add commnds to form …
readForm.setCommandListener(this);
display.setCurrent(readForm);
}
Notice that we convert startDataAI to Date from long
Use AuctionJ2meItem object
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Navigate through records with previous and next commands
} else if (c == mPrevCommand) {try {
if (currentId == 1) {Alert alertPrev = new Alert("No previous records");alertPrev.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);alertPrev.addCommand(mReadAuctionCommand);alertPrev.setCommandListener(this);display.setCurrent(alertPrev);
} else {currentId--;read(currentId);
} catch (RecordStoreNotOpenException e) {// pl;us other exceptions …
} else if (c == mNextCommand) {try {
currentId++;read(currentId);…
Check for no record, and keep track of recordID
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Using AuctionJ2meItem on server and handset causes issues
Closely couples the code between the two
Explore alternatives before coupling code
May be able to use interoperable option
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
The more classes in the app the more memory it consumes
Each class in the app will need to be loaded
All classes in MIDP are loaded dynamically at the start during class verification
Keeping classes small, and to a minimum is therefore important in mobile Java
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Summary
• RMS is similar to database, with significant differences that you need to accommodate
• Map the bytes to objects for convenience
• Sometimes need to share code across platforms (server and Java ME client) to ease programming