Reservoir characterizationbased on SEISmic and

outCROP data

ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI OCEANOGRAFIAE DI GEOFISICA SPERIMENTALE

Who are we:

Massimo Zecchin (mzecchin@ogs.trieste.it)Massimo Zecchin gained his degree in geology(1996) and a Ph.D. in earth sciences (2002)from the University of Padova (Italy). After a firstperiod of geologic survey in southern Italy, hemoved to OGS in 2006. His research includesfacies and sequence-stratigraphic analysis ofmarine and continental successions at outcrop,sedimentary processes, relationships betweensedimentation and extensional tectonics, and theinterpretation of seismic profiles and well data.

Dario Civile (dcivile@ogs.trieste.it)Dario Civile gained his degree in geology (1998)and a Ph.D. in sedimentary geology (2005) fromthe Federico II University of Naples (Italy).Collaboration for geologic survey in southernItaly from 1999 to 2002 and with privatecompanies from 2000 to 2006. He moved toOGS in 2006. His research includes geological-structural field survey and the reconstruction oftectono-sedimentary basin evolution on thebasis of multichannel seismic profiles and welldata.

Mauro Caffau (mcaffau@ogs.trieste.it)Mauro Caffau received his Ph.D. inenvironmental sciences from the University ofTrieste, Italy, in 1999. At present, he is involvedin studies and research mainly focusing ondepositional processes and biostratigraphicalanalyses of siliciclastic and carbonateenvironment at OGS.

Useful papers:

Zecchin M., Catuneanu O. (2013). High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of clastic shelves I: units and bounding surfaces. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 39, p. 1-25.

Zecchin M., Caffau M. (2012). The vertical compartmentalization of reservoirs: An example from an outcrop analog, Crotone Basin, southern Italy. AAPG Bulletin, v. 96, p. 155-175.

Zecchin M. (2007). The architectural variability of small-scale cycles in shelf and ramp clastic systems: the controlling factors. Earth-Science Reviews, v. 84, p. 21-55.

Zecchin M., Mellere D., Folkestad A. (2007). Tectonosedimentary evolution of a Pliocene marginal to shallow marine succession in tilted half-graben sub-basins – Crotone Basin, Southern Italy. Field Trip Guidebook, 70 pp.

Zecchin M. (2005). Relationships between fault-controlled subsidence and preservation of shallow-marine small-scale cycles: example from the lower Pliocene of the Crotone Basin (southern Italy). Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, p. 300-312.

ZingaSandstone

Cavalieri Marl

Belvedere Formation

Imbricate listric normal faults

Montagnola Clay Montagnola Clay

Imbricate listric normal faults in the northern Crotone Basin. Note the stratal divergence within the tilted blocks, indicating synsedimentary growth faulting during deposition of the Pliocene Zinga Sandstone.

Zinga 1 str. unit

Zinga 2 str. unit

Zinga 3 str. unit

Timpa Biso str. unit

RSMESB/SB+TS

Zinga 2/3stratal units

Pliocene unconformity-bounded stratal units in the Crotone Basin. The sections show strong thickness variations as the result of the activity of NE-trending growth faults.

TCVSZNE

CBSE

100 m

SMS SAL MPW CBW CBS 1 CBS 2

Zinga 2 SB

Zinga 3 SB+TS

2.2 km 1.0 km 0.2 km 1.7 km 0.65 km0.55km0.1 km

Western area Central area

Porous sandstones (potential reservoir) Matrix-rich intervals

Impermeable mud-rich unitsCemented intervals

Immediatehanging wall

Hanging-wall dip slope

Footwall

Schematic representation of a hydrocarbon reservoir consisting of a coarse-grained half-graben fill sealed by impermeable units. Note the vertical compartmentalization of the reservoir due to the presence of well cemented intervals, matrix-rich and porous sandstones.

UTOO NAZIONALE DI OCEANOGGRAE DI GEOFISICA SPERIMENTAATT LE

www.ogs.trieste.it

Our offer:

-Sequence stratigraphic and structural interpretation of seismic profiles

-Characterization of shallow-marine reservoirs based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis of outcrop analogs in the Crotone Basin

Reservoir characterization

SeisCrop Group

www.ogs.ttriiestte.iitt

DIVISION OF GEOPHYSICS (GEO)

What do we offer

Sequence stratigraphic and structural interpretation of seismic profiles

The National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics - OGS (www.ogs.trieste.it) has a long experience in the acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic data.Our expertise includes the seismo-stratigraphic and structural interpretation of successions deposited in different tectonic contexts, among which the Meso-Cenozoic foreland succession of the northern Adriatic area and of the southern Apennines, the Sicily Channel, the Calabrian Arc and the Scotia Arc.

We propose:

the interpretation of 2D/3D seismic profiles to identify structural and stratigraphic traps and sealing units in clastic and carbonate successions, and of Chirp, Boomer and Multibeam data for site characterization. In particular, any study consists of:

- sequence stratigraphic interpretation based on 1) recognition of stratal surfaces and seismic units, and 2) distribution of sedimentary facies on the basis of available well data and stratal features;

- identification and characterization of tectonic structures involving the succession and their influence on sedimentation.

Useful papers:

Zecchin M., Civile D., Caffau M., Muto F., Di Stefano A., Maniscalco R., Critelli S. The Messinian succession of the Crotone Basin (southern Italy) I: Stratigraphic architecture reconstructed by seismic and well data. Marine and Petroleum Geology, IN PRESS.

Civile D., Lodolo E., Vuan A., Loreto M. F. (2012). Tectonics of the Scotia-Antarctica plate boundary constrained from seismic and seismological data. Tectonophysics, v. 550-553, p. 17-34.

Tosi L., Teatini P., Brancolini G., Zecchin M., Carbognin L., Affatato A., Baradello L. (2012). Three-dimensional analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene seismic sequences in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 169, p. 507-510.

Civile D., Lodolo E., Accettella D., Geletti R., Ben-Avraham Z., Deponte M., Facchin L., Ramella R., Romeo R. (2010). The Pantelleria graben (Sicily Channel, Central Mediterranean): An example of intraplate “passive” rift. Tectonophysics, v. 490, p. 173-183.

Zecchin M., Brancolini G., Tosi L., Rizzetto F., Caffau M., Baradello L. (2009). Anatomy of the Holocene succession of the southern Venice Lagoon revealed by very high resolution seismic data. Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, p. 1343-1359.

Characterization of shallow-marine reservoirs based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis of outcrop analogs in the Crotone Basin

Recent studies have highlighted that the lower Pliocene half-graben subbasin fills found in the northern Crotone Basin (a Neogene forearc basin located in southern Italy) are good examples illustrating the variable development of high-frequency shallow-marine sequences within the hanging-wall blocks of normal growth faults. An alternation between well-cemented shell-rich intervals and weakly cemented siliciclastic sandstones characterizes these sequences. This creates a marked heterogeneity in the permeability of the half-graben fills, which are sealed by impermeable offshore and lagoonal mudstones and may be considered as an outcrop analog of potential reservoirs, similar to those observed in various contexts.

We propose:

- a field trip in the Crotone Basin aimed to observe the features of outcrop analogs of potential shallow-marine reservoirs sealed by offshore and lagoonal mudstones and controlled by synsedimentary normal faulting;

- perform new studies in the succession of the basin, in order to characterize the heterogeneity of shallow-marine sedimentary units. The availability of data from different sedimentary units would be crucial to improve our knowledge on the variability of the effective volume of real reservoirs.The studies include:

- geological mapping; - facies and stratigraphic architecture; - sequence stratigraphic analysis; - structural analysis; - diagenetic features; - petrographic analysis; - porosity and permeability.

sea level

Alluvial

Back-barrier Delta front

Tidal channelsDelta plain

Transgr. sand sheet

1 km

10 m

High-resolution seismic profile in the upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of the Venice lagoon.

Part of the Mesozoic to Quaternary succession of the southern Adriatic Sea.

Mesozoic carbonates

Oligocene-Miocene

Pliocene-Pleistocene

Grazia 1 (projected)

Multichannel seismic profile showing the Pantelleria Graben (Sicily Channel), developed since late Miocene.

Pantelleria graben

Marine and lacustrine mudstonesHalite (saline lake)

Resedimented evaporitesMostly siliciclastic turbiditesFluvial and deltaic deposits

BSFR

MRS

LST

FSST

TST

HST

SU

Seq. 1

Seq. 3

MFSSeq. 2

WRS+MFS

SU

BSFR

Sequence stratigraphic model of the Messinian succession of the Crotone Basin (southern Italy) developed on the basis of multichannel seismic profiles and well data.