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BritishColumbiaForageFishSpawningSurveyMethodologyforAcademicsandQualifiedEnvironmentalProfessionals
Preparedby:MountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstituteMay2018Revised:June2020
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TABLEOFCONTENTS1.0 MaterialChecklist 4
1.1 FieldworkChecklist 41.2 LaboratoryChecklist 4
2.0 HowtoSample–StepbyStep 5–122.1 FieldPreparation 5
2.1.1 DeterminingWhentoSample 52.1.2 DeterminingtheMeanLowLowWaterMark 5
2.2 SiteAssessment 52.3 CalculatingTidalElevation 52.4 FillingOuttheForageFishHabitatBeachSurveyDatasheet 6
2.4.1 Location&HighTideEvents 62.4.2 Samplers 62.4.3 CurrentConditions 72.4.4 EpisodicEvents 72.4.5 SiteAttributes 72.4.6 SedimentSampleCollection 8
2.5 SampleCollection 92.6 SampleProcessing 10
2.6.1 SievingintheField 102.6.2 SievingattheOffice/Laboratory 112.6.3 VortexMethod 11
3.0 LaboratoryAnalysis 12–173.1 Species 13
3.1.1 PacificSandLance(Ammodyteshexapterus) 133.1.2 SurfSmelts(Hypomesuspretiosus) 133.1.3 RockSole(Lepidopsettabilinear) 133.1.4 PacificHerring(Clupeapallasii) 14
3.2 Alive-to-DeadRatio 143.3 DevelopmentStages 14
3.3.1 PacificHerring 153.3.2 SurfSmelts 16
3.4 EmbryoValidationProcess 174.0 DataManagement 175.0 BuildingaVortexMethodUnit 17–19
5.1 MaterialsRequired 175.1.1 ForConstruction 18
5.2 MaterialPreparation 185.2.1 BodyoftheVortex 185.2.2 BilgePumpPreparation 185.2.3 BlueBowlConcentratorPreparation 19
5.3 Assembly 196.0 HowtoUseaClinometer 207.0 BestPractices 21–27
7.1 IdentifyingSuitableSediment 217.1.1 SuitableSediment:Pacificsandlance 22
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7.1.2 SuitableSediments:SurfSmelt 237.1.3 UnsuitableSediments 24
7.2 ForageFishSamplingMethods 257.3 SampleProcessing 257.4 LaboratoryAnalysis 267.5 HowtoSafelyUseStockard’sSolution 27
8.0 References 28 AppendixI–ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes 29–63AppendixII–FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas 64–86
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1.0MATERIALCHECKLIST1.1FieldworkChecklistSampleCollection□ Datasheets/clipboard□ Locationcodesdocument□ CHSmapofsamplearea□ Pencils□ Tidetables(currentandpreviousday)□ Camera□ Thermometer□ Measuringtapex2□ Telescopinglevelingrod□ 1metrestick□ Clinometer/handsitelevel□ Compass□ GPSunit□ Scoop(500mL)□ 4litreSamplecontainers□ SampletagsSampleProcessingSievingProcess□ 5gallonbucketwithholesinthebottom□ Sieves–4.0mm,2.0mm,0.5mm□ Waterbuckets□ Waterpitcher(optional)□ Plastictub(s)□ Samplejar(s)□ Nylonbrush□ Hoseforwater1.2LaboratoryChecklist
□ Dissectingmicroscope□ Petridishes□ Smallspoon□ Pipette□ Finepointforceps□ Correspondingdatasheets□ Vials□ Stockard’ssolution□ MSDSSheetforStockard’ssolution
SampleProcessingContinuedVortexProcess□ 68litretote□ Bilgepumpwithhoseandquickconnectors□ Nylonstockingandanelastic□ BlueBowlwithstands□ 0.5mmsieve□ 12Vmarinebattery□ Shims□ Turkeybaster□ Bigplasticspoon□ Smallplasticspoon□ Rubberspatula□ Washbottle(optional)□ Stockard’ssolution□ MSDSSheetforStockard’ssolution
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2.0HOWTOSAMPLE–STEPBYSTEP2.1FieldPreparation2.1.1DeterminingWhentoSample
1. Samplingoccursintheupperthirdoftheintertidalzone,selectingareasthatcontainthepreferablesedimentcomposition.Thissectionmustbeexposedinordertosample.
2. The‘idealsamplingzone’is2mto3mabovetheMeanLowLowWater(MLLW)mark,whichwillvarybasedonarea.Itisgoodpracticetoplanyoursamplingattimeswhenyour‘idealsamplingzone’isexposed.Forexample,ifyourMLLWmarkis1.2m,the‘idealsamplingzone’wouldbe3.2mto4.2m;therefore,youwouldnotwanttogotothebeachuntilthewaterlevelisat3.2morlower.
2.1.2DeterminingtheMeanLowLowWaterMark
3. ACanadianHydrographicService(CHS)mapfortheareaofinterestwillberequired.4. Eachmaphasavarietyoftidalinformationrecordedonthefrontofthemapinabox,underthe
map’stitle.Itisinthisboxthatyouwillfindthe“MeanTide/LLW”measurement,whichcanthenbeusedtodeterminethe‘idealsamplingzone’fortheregion.
2.2SiteAssessment
5. Assesstheareabasedonsedimenttype,withPacificsandlancepreferringmediumsandysediments0.25mmto0.5mm,withspawningalsodocumentedincoarsesandandfinepebblesediments1.0mmto7.0mmindiameter.Surfsmeltpreferasandandpeagravelcombination,1.0mmto7.0mm.Thelandwardboundaryofthespawningareaisthe‘hightidemark’,typicallyidentifiedbyawrack(seaweed)line,andtheseawardboundaryiswherethereisachangeinsedimenttype,becominglargerinsize,orissimplyatalowerelevationifthereisnochangeinsedimenttype.Note:Seesection7.0,BestPractices,forimagesofpreferablesedimenttypes.
6. Layoutthe30mmeasuringtapethroughthemiddleofthesuitablesubstrateforforagefishspawninghabitat/activities.
2.3CalculatingTidalElevation
1. Usingthe‘CalculatingTidalElevation’portionofyourdatasheet,workthroughthefollowingsteps.
2. Recordyourbeachstationnumber.3. Usingyourlevelingrodandclinometer/handsitelevel,youwilldeterminetheelevationchange.
a. Onesamplerholdsthelevelingrodattheedgeofthewaterwhiletheotherstandsatthemeasuringtapeandlooksthroughtheclinometeratthelevelingrod.
b. Whenlookingthroughtheclinometer,determinewherethezerovalue(percentageordegrees)alignswiththelevelingrod–thiswillbeyourelevationchange.Note:Dependingontheslopeofthebeachandthedistanceofthewaterfromyour30mmeasuringtape,youmayneedtotakemultiplemeasurementstodeterminethetotalelevationchange;therefore,youwouldfilloutA,B,C,andDonyourdatasheet,asneeded.
4. Recordthetimeatthewaterline!Inotherwords,recordthetimewhenyouaretakingyourlastelevationchangemeasurement,asthiswillbethetimeyouusetodetermineheightofwaterrelativetochartdatumfromthetidechart.
5. Inthe‘SubtractEyeHeight’column,recordtheheightinwhichyouusedtheclinometer(i.e.,didyouusethe1mpostorstandandmeasurefromeyeheight).Youmustsubtracttheheightatwhichyourecordedfromforeveryelevationchangemeasurementthatyoutook.
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6. Subtracttheeyeheightfromtheelevationchangeandrecordinthe‘ElevationDifference’column.
Eachcalculateddifferenceshouldberecordedandtotaledatthebottomofthecolumn.7. Recordtheelevationofthetideunderthe‘TideLevel(TideTable)’columnatthetimethelast
elevationchangewasrecorded.Note:UseEnvironmentCanada’stidechartsfortheareanearestyoursamplesite(www.tides.gc.ca).
8. Finally,calculateandrecordthe‘ElevationRelativetoChartDatum’valuebyaddingthe‘TideLevel(TideTable)’andthetotal‘ElevationDifference’values.Thiscalculationdetermineswherethe30mmeasuringtapeisinelevationrelativetoChartDatum.
9. Ifthetidalelevationis2mto3mabovetheMeanLowLowWater(checkyourCHSmap)fortheregion,thenyouarewithinthe‘idealsamplingzone’forPacificsandlanceandsurfsmeltspawning.Ifnot,adjustyour30mmeasuringtapeasisrequired,ensuringthatyoumoveitbasedonverticalelevationandnotahorizontaldistance.Note:The2mto3maboveMeanLowLowWaterisnottheprincipaldeterminantofasamplesite.Ifthesedimentappearsfavourableoutsideofthe‘idealsamplingzone’,feelfreetosamplejustmakenoteoftheelevationandsurroundingcharacteristicsunderthe“Comments”sectiononyourdatasheet.
2.4FillingouttheForageFishSpawningBeachSurveyDatasheet2.4.1Location&HighTideEvents
1. UsetheLocationCodedocumentforVancouverIslandtofillouttheregionaldistrict,aswellasthemunicipalityand/orelectoralareathatthesamplesitefallswithin.Forthebeachcodeusethefirstletterofeachwordinthenameofthebeachorthefirsttwolettersofthebeach’snameifitisonlyoneword.Forexample,thecodefor‘CommunityParkBeach’wouldbe‘CPB’,whereasthecodefor‘MorningsideBeach’couldbe‘MOR’.
2. ThenreviewFisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreastonotethefisheriesmanagementareainwhichyouaresamplingin.
3. Finally,usethetidetablesthatyouhaveprintedoffforthatdayandregiontoidentifythe“LastHighTide,”referringtothemostrecenthightideevent,and“SecondEffectiveHighTide,”whichreferstoahightidethatoccurredthepreviousdaythatreachedanelevationgreaterthanorequaltothelasthightide.Recordthedate,time,andelevationofeachrespectiveevent,ifapplicable.
Figure1.Explanationoftidesthatoccurredpriortothetimeofsampling:(1a)lasthightide,and(1b)secondeffectivehightide(MABRRI,2018).2.4.2Samplers
4. Recordthesampler’sname(s)andaffiliatedorganization,ifapplicable.
(1a) (1b)
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5. Recordthedateandtimeofthesamplecollection,aswellastheidentificationnumber/nameof
thecamerathatyouareusingtotakephotos.2.4.3CurrentConditions
6. Recordthecurrentweatherconditionsincludingtheclouds,wind,andwaveconditions.7. Usetheclosestweatherstationtoyourlocationtorecordtheairtemperature,winddirection,and
windspeed.Rememberthatwindsarenamedafterthedirectiontheyarecomingfrom.Note:WeatherUnderground(wunderground.com)isausefulwebsite/apptouse.Additionally,anylocallyaccurateweatherstationsforyourareacanbeusedtorecordthecurrentconditions.
8. Usingthethermometer,recordthetemperatureofthewateratthedeepestdepthyouareabletoreachsafely.
2.4.4EpisodicEvents
9. Priortoorafterthesamplecollection,determineiftherehasbeenastormeventinthelastweek.Note:WeatherUnderground(wunderground.com)isausefulwebsite/apptouse.Additionally,anylocallyaccurateweatherstationsorbuoysforyourareacanbeusedtorecordtheconditionsexperiencedinthelastweek.
10. Iftherehasbeenastormevent,recordthedurationoftheevent,includingthedatesandtimesatwhichitoccurred,aswellasthemaximumwindspeedandtotalprecipitationthatresultedfromtheevent.Note:Stormeventscanquicklyalterabeachandmayimpactthedispersalofspawningevents.
11. Identifyifthereisevidenceofbeachwrackharvestingoccurringatthesamplesite(i.e.,all-terrainvehicletracksonthebeach,beachwrackfoundontheroadparalleltothebeach,etc.).Note:Thisisonlyrelevantwhenitislarge-scaleremoval,meaninglargevehiclesarebeingbroughtontothebeach,whichcoulddisturbtheembryosinthesedimentifworkwasbeingconductedatthesametimetheforagefishwerespawning.
2.4.5SiteAttributes
12. Usingacompass,determinetheaspectofthebeach(directionthebeachisfacing)andrecordboththecardinaldirectionandbearing(indegrees).
13. Beachslopeisdeterminedusingaclinometer.a. Eachsamplerstands2.5moneitherside(landwardandseaward)ofthe30mmeasuring
tapetodeterminetheslope.Recordtheslopeofthebeach(indegrees)onthedatasheet.Note:Refertosection6.0forhowtouseaclinometer.
14. Themaximumfetchdistanceisthelongesthorizontaldistanceoverwhichwave-generatingwindsblow.ThisdistanceismoreaccuratelydeterminedusinggeoreferencedCHSmapsorGoogleEarth.
a. InputtheGPSlocationofthesamplesiteintothemapofchoice(ageoreferencedCHSmaporGoogleEarth).
b. Usethemeasuringtool,determinethegreatestdistanceoverwhichwindcantravelundisturbed.
c. Recordthedetermineddistance.15. Abeach’sexposuretowindandwavesisreducediftherearelandmassesorobstaclesintheway.
Abeach’sexposureisdirectlycorrelatedtothefetchandcanrangefromveryprotected,havinglandmassesinfrontofit,atlessthan1km,toveryexposedandhavingnothinginfrontofitformorethan1000km.
a. Refertothebackofthedatasheettodeterminetheexposurethatcorrespondstothemaximumfetchdistancedeterminedinstep14.
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Figure2.Identifyingthe‘width’ofthebeachthatissuitableforforagefishspawningactivitiesintheupperintertidalzone.
2.4.6SedimentSampleCollection
16. Recordyourbeachstationnumberandtimeatwhichyouaresampling.Note:Eachbeachstationrepresentsupto300mofbeach.Therefore,ifabeachhassuitablesedimentexpandinggreaterthan300minlength,itmaybenecessarytoestablishadditionalbeachstations.
17. RecordtheUTMcoordinatesatthe15mmarkofthe30mmeasuringtapeusingaGPSunit.18. Usingthe‘FieldObservationSamplingCodes’,foundonthebackofthedatasheet,choosethe
dominantbeachsedimenttype.Ifthereisamixofsedimentsonthebeach,identifywhichsedimenttypeisdominantinthe30mby5msamplingarea.Itcanbenotedinthecommentssectionatthebottomofthedatasheetiftherewasamixofsedimentsizes.Thesedimenttypeshouldbeapproximatedusingthesedimentgrainsizecard.
19. Usingthe‘FieldObservationSamplingCodes’,identifythecharacterofthebackshore,whichreferstohowimpactedtheareaabovethebeachstationisasaresultofhumandevelopment.
20. Withthesecondtapemeasure,measurethewidthofthepotentialforagefishspawninghabitat.Thewidthtypicallystretchesfromthehighesttidemark(eitherlasthightideorsecondeffectivehightide),usuallydeterminedbyawrackline,approximately0.5minverticalelevationbelowtheforeshorefeatures(logline,dunegrass,etc.),downtotheareathathasanotablechangeinsediment.Note:Ifthebeachhascompletelyuniformsedimentfromtoptobottom,thewidthwillextendonlyafewmetresinverticalelevation.
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21. Thelengthofthepotentialforagefishspawninghabitatisreferringtothedistancealongthebeach
thatcontainsthesuitablesediment.UseaGPSunittomarkawaypointateitherendofthepotentialspawninghabitatandusingageoreferencedmaporGoogleEarth,measurethedistancebetweenthemtogetthelengthvalue.Note:Ifthelengthofpotentialspawningbeachisgreaterthan300mitisidealtoestablishasecondbeachstation.
22. Recordthesamplenumber.Anindividualbeachstationcanhavemultiplesamplesifdifferentbeachelevationsorsectionsappeartobesuitableforspawninghabitat.Note:Sampleareasareonly30mx5m;therefore,thereisapossibilitythatmorethanonesamplecanbetaken.
23. Recordthe“LandmarkObject”thatyouhavechosentomeasureyour30mmeasuringtapefrom.Theobjectmustbeapermanent,unmovableobjectatthetopofthebeach,alongthebackshore.
24. Youwillmeasurethedistancebetweenthe30mmeasuringtape,atthe15mmark,andthechosenlandmark.Besurethatthemeasurementisperpendiculartothemeasuringtape.Recordthismeasurementinthe‘LandmarkDistance(m)’column.Note:Sometimesthelandmarkdoesnotlineupwiththe15mmark.Therefore,besuretomeasurethedistanceofthelandmarktothemeasuringtapeperpendicularly.Recordinthecommentsectionwhereonthemeasuringtapethelandmarkwasmeasuredfromandwhatendofthebeachthe0mmarkislocated.Forexample,‘thelandmarkwasmeasuredfromthe24mmarkandthe0mmarkwasatthewestendofthebeach.’
25. Fillinthetidalelevationofyour30mmeasuringtapethatwasdeterminedatthebeginningofthisprocess,ifithasnotchanged.Ifyouhavemovedthemeasuringtapefromtheoriginalpositionbesuretorecordtheaccurateelevation.
26. Usingthe‘FieldObservationSamplingCodes’,recordhowshadedthesamplesiteis.Note:Thismeasurementconsidersaseasonalanddailyaverageforthesite.
27. Therearetwosedimentsamplesthatcanbecollected:a. A‘Bulk’(“B”)sampleisa4Lsedimentsamplethatiscollectedwhennoembryosare
evidentlypresentatthesite.Thisisthemostcommontypeofsampletobecollected.b. A‘Scoop’(“S”)samplerequiresthecollectionofapproximately500mLofsediment.This
methodisusedwhenembryomassesarevisibleonthebeach.Thiswillensurespeciesidentificationandminimalcollectionofembryos,reducingtheoverallimpact.
28. The‘Smelt’and‘SandLance’columnsrequireyoutopickupahandfulofsedimentandlookthroughitcarefullytoseeifyouareabletovisualizeanyembryosbeforecollection.
29. Eachsiterequiressixphotostobetaken,includingoneofthecompletedsampletag,oneofthesedimentnexttoanobjectforsizecomparison(usethesedimentgraincard),oneofthebeachbackshore,beachright,beachforeshore,andbeachleft.Ensurethatyoumove,asnecessary,togetrepresentativephotosoftheforeshoreandbackshore.Ifmultiplesamplesarecollectedatasinglebeachstationonlythephotoofthesampletagandsedimentarerequiredforeachsubsequentsample.Seesection2.3forhowtocompleteasampletag.
30. Finally,includeanyadditionalcommentsregardingthesite(s)orobjects/wildlifeyouobservedatthesiteinthe“Comments”sectionatthebottom.
2.5SampleCollection
1. Filloutasampletag,includingthedate,location(beachcode),samplestation,andsamplenumber.
2. Youwillneeda4Lplasticcontainer,afilledoutsampletag,andthe500mLscoop.
3. Yoursampleareais30mby5m–therefore,itrunsdowntheentirelengthofyour30mmeasuringtapeand2.5moneithersideofit,towardstheforeshoreandbackshore.
Figure3.Sampletag.
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4. Placethesampletagintothe4Lsamplecontainer.Thesampletagwillfollowthesamplefromthis
pointforward,allthewaytothelabanalysis.5. Usingthescoopandcontainer,youwillcollect4Lofsedimentfromthesamplearea,identifying
themostidealsedimentsalongthemeasuringtapetocollect.Besuretocollectarepresentativesample,spreadingoutalongthemeasuringtapewherethesedimentisbeingcollected;collectapproximatelyhalfofthesamplefromabovethemeasuringtapeandtheotherhalffrombelow.Note:Thisisbiasedsampling.Densitycountsarenotbeingdeterminedfromthissamplingmethod,simplypresenceandnon-detection.
6. Rinsethescoopaftereverysampleyoucollecttoavoidcrosscontaminationbetweensamples.Note:Ifbulksamplescannotbeprocessedimmediately,theyshouldbestoredin0.5°Cto7°C,suchasafridge,forupto7days;thiswillaidinreducingtherateofdecompositionandembryomortality.2.6SampleProcessing Itispossibletocompletethenextstepseitherinthefieldorbackattheofficeand/orlaboratory,eachrequiringspecificequipment:2.6.1SievingintheField
1. Youwillneeda5-gallonbucketwithholesdrilledinthebottom,threestackablesieves(4.0mm,2.0mm,and0.5mm),awaterbucket,awashbucket,andasamplejar.
2. First,ensurethatthesievesarestackedintheappropriateorderfromlargesttosmallestwiththesmallestbeingonthebottom.Thenplacethesievesontopofthe5-gallonbucketandpouryoursampleintothetopsieve.Transferthesampletagintothesamplejarandensurethatthisstayswiththesamplethroughouttherestoftheprocessing.
3. Thisisatwo-personjob–thefirstpersonwillbecollectingwatertopouroverthesamplewhilethesecondpersonisresponsibleforshakingthesedimentthroughthesieves.
4. Oncethesampleisfullywashedthroughthesieves,transferthesamplefromthe0.5mmsieveintothewashbucket,thisisthesamplethatyouwillprocessusingthevortexmethod.Note:Thesedimentleftinthe4.0mmand2.0mmsievescanbedisposed.
Figure5.Researchassistantsprocessingsievingsedimentsamples.
Figure4.Samplingrequiresthecollectionofa4Lsedimentsample:(4a)and(4b)depictasamplecontainerthatisnotfilledto4L,while(4c)and(4d)showwhatafullsamplecontainershouldlooklike.
(4a)
)
(4b) (4c)
)))
(4d)
)
)
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5. Ensureyoucleanthesievesusingthenylonbrushes,andrinseoutthebucketsaftereachsample,
toavoidcrosscontaminationbetweensamples.2.6.2SievingattheOffice/Laboratory
6. Followthesamemethodasstatedabovein“SievingintheField,”butinsteadofonepersoncollectingwatertopouroverthesample,ahosecanbeusedtowashthesamplethroughwhiletheotherpersonshakesthesieves.
7. Ensurethatyouhavecollectedthesamplefromthe0.5mmsieveinawashbucket,aswellascleanthesievesand5-gallonbucketbetweeneachofthesievingevents.
2.6.3VortexMethodNote:VortexmethodinstructiondiscussedbelowisadaptedfromWDFW’spublishedmethods(Dionne,2015),whichcanbefoundhere:https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/02022.
8. Ensurethenylonstockingissecuredaroundthebilgepumpusinganelastic.
9. Fillthe68Ltotewith3to4bucketsofwater,thehose,oruntilitishalffull.
10. Putthetotelidbackonandfeedthebilgepumpthroughthesmallerhole,ensuringthatthealligatorclipsandtheflexhosestickoutandthepumpisfullysubmerged.
11. Restthe0.5mmsieveoverthelargerholeandplacethebluebowlontopofthat.Makesurethatthesieveandbluebowlareaslevelaspossible–useshimstolevelitifnecessary.
12. Connectthebilgepump’shosetothebluebowl.Beforeyouattachthebatteryclampstothe12Vbattery,ensurethatthevalveonthebluebowlisopen–itshouldneverbeclosedwhenthepumpisrunning,itwillcausethehosetoburst.Refertosection5.0tobuildavortexkitofyourownifyoudonothaveone.
13. Attachthebatteryclampstothebatteryandallowthebluebowltofillwithwater.Note:Alwaysconnectthepositivecablefirst,followedbythenegativecable.
14. Addthesedimentsampletothebluebowl.Thewatershouldbeapproximately1to2cmfromthetopofthebowlafterthesedimenthasbeenadded.
15. Addtheentiresampletothebluebowl,ensuringthatyourinseoutthewashbucketaswell.Note:Ifyouhaveaverylargesamplethatwilloverflowtheraisedcentrebesuretoprocessthesampleinmultipleportions.
16. Oncethesampleisinthebowl,usethespatulaandsmallspoonstoagitatethesedimentstartingatthecentreandmovingthesedimenttowardstheouterrim,for3minutes–thiswillreleasethelightermaterials,suchasembryosandorganicmatter.Theselightermaterialswillbecarriedbythewatervortexthroughtheraisedcentreandbecollectedinthesievebelow.
17. Afteragitation,letthewaterrunforanotherminute,allowingthevortextocollectanyofthelastmaterial.
Figure6.Vortexmethodexplanation:(6a)vortexkitset-upand(6b)howthevortexisgenerated(Dionne,2015).
(6a)
(6b)
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18. Whenyouarereadytoshutoffthebilge
pump,youwillneedtoclosethevalveattachedtothebluebowlanddisconnectthebatteryclampsimultaneously.Closingthevalvewillensurethatsedimentdoesn’tgetsuckedbackintothebilgepump.Note:Alwaysremovethenegativecablefirst,thenthepositivecable.
19. Usingthebaster,collectthesedimentthatisdirectlybesidetheraisedcentreofthebluebowl.Thisactionwillensurethatanyfinalorganicmaterialsthatdidn’tmakeitovertherimwillbeincludedinthesample.
20. Washthefinalsamplethatwascollectedinthe0.5mmsieve,intoasamplejar.Note:Trytolimittheamountofwaterenteringintothesamplejar.
21. AddtheStockard’ssolution:a. Usingapipette,doyourbesttoremovethetoplayerofwaterinthesamplejar.b. Inawellventilatedareaandwearingglovesandsafetyglasses,addenoughStockard’s
solutiontocoverthesedimentsample.c. Thesamplecanthenbestoredatroomtemperatureuntilitcanbeanalyzed.Note:Itisup
toyourgroupifyouwillbeaddingStockard’ssolutiontothesample;itwilllikelydependonthegroup’saccesstotheappropriateequipmentanddisposalfacilities.IfyouarenotabletouseStockard’ssolution,itisbesttohavethesampleslookedatwithinsevendaysofprocessing.
22. Don’tforgettowashyoursievewiththenylonbrushandwashoutallofyourbuckets.Finally,cleanthenylonstockingthatiscoveringthepumptoensurethatallthesedimentiswashedoff.
Note:Ifyouareprocessingonthebeachwithsaltwaterbesuretoflushyourbilgepumpwithfreshwaterassoonaspossible,assalty,marinewaterwilltakeatollontheequipmentovertime.
3.0LABORATORYANALYSIS
1. Eachsampleshouldbeanalyzedseparately,ensuringnocrosscontamination.2. Usingasmallspoon,takeaverysmallamountofyoursampleandspreaditthinlyinapetridish.
Creatingasinglelayer,ratherthanathicklayerofsediment,alongthebottomofthepetridishisthebesttechniqueandwillreducethepossibilityofmissingembryos.
3. Examinetheentiresampleusingthedissectingmicroscope.4. Wheneveryouthinkthatyouhavefoundanembryo,useapipettetotransferitgentlyinto
anotherpetridish.5. Besuretoseparatealloftheembryosthatyoufindfromthesedimentforfurtheranalysis.Ifthere
areembryospresent,youwilldocument: [1]thespecies, [2]thenumberofeachspecies,and [3]thealivetodeadratioofeachspecies.Iftherearemorethan100embryos,youareonlyrequiredtostagethefirst100.Allofthisdataistobedocumentedonthedatasheet.
Figure7.Depictinghowtoagitatethesedimentinthebluebowl.
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6. Afteranalysis,theembryosthatarefoundwillbepreservedinStockard’sSolution.Besureyou
areinaventilatedareaandarewearingtheappropriatesafetygear.Youwillpipettethesolutionfromthebottleintothesamplevialwiththeembryos;youonlyneedenoughsolutiontocovertheembryos.
3.1SpeciesTherearefourpotentialfishspeciesthatyouarelikelytoseewhensampling,including:3.1.1PacificSandLance(Ammodyteshexapterus)
• Embryosare0.8mmto1.0mmindiameter• Havemultiplesandgrainsattached• Notcompletelyround• Milkycolour• Thereis1largeoildropletintheyolk
3.1.2SurfSmelt(Hypomesuspretiosus)
• Embryosare1.0mmto1.2mmindiameter• Theembryowillonlybeattachedtothesedimentatasingle
point,wherethemembranehasrupturedandfoldedback,exposinganadhesiveattachmentpoint,calledthe‘peduncle’
• Non-self-adhesive–donotattachtootherembryos
3.1.3RockSole(Lepidopsettabilinear)
• Perfectsphere• Verytransparent• Doesnotattachtosediment–noattachmentsites• Non-adhesive
Figure10.Rocksoleembryos(Moulton&Penttila,2006).
Figure8.Pacificsandlanceembryos.
Figure9.Surfsmeltembryos(BrianKoval,PeninsulaStreamSociety,2019).
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3.1.4PacificHerring(Clupeapallasii)
• Embryosare1.3mmto1.5mmindiameter• Almostentirelyspawnonmarinevegetation• Theyhaveadistinctshellattachmentsites• Oftenfoundinlayersorclumps
3.2Alive-to-DeadRatioForagefishembryosthatarealivewillhaveadiscernableembryoinalifestageeventthatcanbedeterminedbycomparingittoyour“Embryological-StageCategories”sheet(referto“DevelopmentStages”).Foragefishembryosthataredeadwillappearopaque-white,lackadiscernableembryo,becoveredinfungus,collapsed,orappearempty(refertoimagebelow).
3.3DevelopmentStagesDevelopmentalstagedrawingshavebeenprovidedfortwoofthefourpotentialspecies,withthePacificsandlancebeingverysimilartothePacificherringdevelopmentalstages.
Figure11.Pacificherringembryos(Moulton&Penttila,2006).
Figure12.Depictionofforagefishembryosindeadordamagedstates(Moulton&Penttila,2006).
Figure13.Embryosthatarealivevshatched/dead.Figures(13a)and(13b)showsurfsmeltembryosaliveandhatched,respectively(BrianKoval,PeninsulaStreamSociety,2019).Figures(13c)and(13d)showPacificsandlanceembryosaliveandhatched,respectively.
(13a))
(13d))
(13b))
(13c))
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3.3.1PacificHerringAstherearenocompositesforPacificsandlanceembryos,thePacificherringdiagramsaretobeusedasaguidewhenidentifyingdevelopmentstages,astheyhavebeennotedtobesimilartothePacificsandlancedevelopment.
Figure14.Pacificherringdevelopmentalstages(Moulton&Penttila,2006).
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3.3.2SurfSmelt
Figure15.Surfsmeltdevelopmentalstages(Moulton&Penttila,2006).
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3.4EmbryoValidationProcessWheneverembryosaredetectedinsamples,theywillneedtobeconfirmedbyanexpertpriortosubmissionofresultstothedatabase.
1. Usingadissectingmicroscope,takephotosoftheembryosthatwerefound.Note:Besurethatthephotosareveryclear,otherwisetheyareverydifficulttoconfirm.
2. EmailthephotostoanexpertineitherBritishColumbiaorWashingtonStatetoconfirmthespeciesofembryos.Note:Ifyouareunclearwhotocontact,reachouttooneofthemaincoordinatinggroups(MABRRI,PeninsulaStreamSociety,etc.)todeterminetheappropriatepersontocontact.
3. Onceconfirmationhasbeenreceived,thisdatacanbeuploadedintotheStraitofGeorgiaDataCentreorbeusedinreporting.
4. Save/fileacopyoftheemailwiththedatasheetstoensurethatyouhavetheconfirmationonhand,ifitiseverrequested.
4.0DATAMANAGEMENTAllforagefishdatashouldbesubmittedtothePacificSalmonFoundation’sStraitofGeorgiaDataCentre,anopen-accessdatabasehostedbytheUniversityofBritishColumbia.AlldatawithregardstoforagefishintheSalishSeawillbestoredinthisdatabase,allowingforanyoneinterestedinthedatatoaccessit.Youcanaccessthedatabasefromthislink:http://sogdatacentre.ca/.Ifyouareunsurewhotocontactwithregardstodatasubmissionorformatting,contactoneofthemaincoordinatinggroups(MABRRI,PeninsulaStreamSociety,etc.)todeterminetheappropriatepersontocontact.5.0BUILDINGAVORTEXMETHODUNIT5.1MaterialsRequired
□ 68litretotewithlid□ Waterbucket□ Bluebowlconcentrator□ Anadjustablehosevalve□ 750to1000GPHsubmersibleelectricwaterpump□ Alligatorclips□ Nylonstockingsandanelastic□ 60cmlengthof¾”corrugatedhose□ ¾”malehosefitting□ 2x¾”hoseclamps□ Quickconnecthosefittings□ 0.5mmSieve□ Washtub□ Shims□ Rubberspatula□ Largeplasticspoon
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□ Smallplasticspoons□ Baster□ Nylonbrush□ Washbottle(optional)□ Metalhangers(optional)□ 12Vmarinebattery5.1.1Forconstruction□ Boxcutter□ Permanentmarker□ Electricaltape5.2MaterialPreparation5.2.1BodyoftheVortex
1. Cuttwoholesinthetote’slid:onesmalleroneinthetopcornerfortheflexhoseandbatteryclampstocomeoutofandonelargerroundonethatthe0.5mmsievewillsiton.Youwillhavetocustomizethisholetoensurethatyoursievewillnotfallthrough.Note:Itissuggestedyoudrawtheholeswithamarkerpriortocutting,ensuringthattheholeswillnotbetoobig.
5.2.2BilgePumpPreparation
2. Connectthebilgepumptooneendofthecorrugatedhoseusingoneofthehoseclamps.3. Insertthe¾”malehosefittingintotheotherendofthecorrugatedhoseandsecureitwiththe
secondhoseclamp.4. Addoneofthequickconnectorfittingstothemalehosefittingonthecorrugatedhose.5. Usingpliers,attachthealligatorclampstothebilgepumpcables.Besuretoconnecttheclampsto
theappropriatecables.6. Stretchthenylonstockingoverthepump’swaterintakeandsecureinplacewithanelastic.The
stockingensuresthatifanyembryosarelostinthetote,theywillnotpassthroughthepumpandintothebluebowl,potentiallycrosscontaminatingsamplesifmultiplearebeingprocessed.Note:Besurethenylonstockingistightsothestockingdoesnotgetsuckedinwhenthepumpisturnedon.
Figure16.Depictinghowtocuttheholesintovortexkitlid(Dionne,2015).
Figure17.Bilgepumppreparation:(17a)identifiesthematerialsthatwillberequiredtoprepthebilgepumpand(17b)depictshowthebilgepumpshouldlookwhenputtogether.
(17a))
(17b))
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5.2.3BlueBowlConcentratorPreparation
7. Addthesecondquickconnectorfittingtothebluebowlconcentrator.8. Prepare‘legs’forthebluebowlbycuttingthemetalhangerswithwirecuttersandfoldingthe
endsofthemetalhangersback.Note:Thebluebowlconcentratorscomewith‘legs’,howevertheyaretypicallytoosmallandresultinthebluebowlslippingoffofthesieve.Therefore,itisrecommendedtobuildtheselonger‘legs’toensurethesamplebeingprocesseddoesnotslipoff.
Figure18.Bluebowlconcentratorpreparation:(18a)identifiesthematerialsthatwillberequiredtoprepthebluebowland(18b)depictshowthebluebowlshouldlookwhenputtogether.
5.3Assembly
9. Onalevelsurface,fillthetotehalffullofwater,placethebilgepumpinthetote,andsecurethetote’slid,feedingthealligatorclampsandcorrugatedhosethroughthe“pumphole.”
10. Setthe0.5mmsieveovertopofthe“waterreturnhole”andstackthebluebowlontopofthesieve,extendingthe‘legs’soitsitslevel.
11. Attachthecorrugatedhosetothebluebowlusingthequickconnectorfittings.ThefinalproductshouldappearlikeFigure19.
12. Followthesedimentprocessingdetailsinsection2.6‘SampleProcessing–VortexMethod’.
Figure19.Howtosetupavortexkitset-up(Dionne,2015).
(18a))
(18b))
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6.0HOWTOUSEACLINOMETER1. Partnerupandstandatthesameelevationafewmetres
apartandfacingeachother.2. Holdtheclinometeruptoyourdominanteye.Keepboth
eyesopenandlookthroughthesightlens.3. Whileholdingtheclinometeruptoyoureye,linethe
crosshairupwiththezero.Whenaligned,useyourothereyetonotewhatpartofyourpartnersbodythecrosshairintersects(i.e.,chin,nose,etc.).
4. Nowhavethetallerpartnerstand2.5montheseawardsideofthe30mmeasuringtape.
5. Lookthroughtheclinometeratyourpartnerandlocatethesamereferencepoint(i.e.,chin,nose,etc.)thatwasdesignatedinstep3.
6. Atthispointyoucaneitherdeterminetheslopeindegrees(usingtheleftside),orinpercent(usingtherightside).
Figure20.Clinometer(TrekkInn,n.d.).
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7.0BESTPRACTICES7.1IdentifyingSuitableSedimentWhenselectingspawninghabitat,differentspeciesofforagefishhavedifferentpreferencesfordifferentsedimenttypes.Itisnotuncommonthatthereisalotofbrokenshellmaterialmixedinwiththesandandgravel.Donottrytoavoidtheshellmaterialsasforagefishembryoscanattachtotheshells,astheyarethesamesizeastheirfavourablesediments.
Figure21.IdentifyingwhichbeachesarepreferableforPacificsandlanceandsurfsmelttouseforspawning.
Mud&Silt PureSand PeaGravel PebbleGravel CobbleGravel
PacificsandlanceSpawningBeaches
SurfsmeltSpawningBeaches
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7.1.1SuitableSediment:PacificSandLance(PSL)PacificsandlancespawnfromNovembertomid-Februaryandprefermediumsand0.25mmto0.5mmindiameter,withspawningalsodocumentedincoarsesandandfinepebblesedimentsfrom1.0mmto7.0mmindiameter.
Figure22.Puresand:preferablesedimentforPSLspawning(toscale).
Figure23.Peagravelwithsandbase:preferablesedimentforPSLspawning(toscale).
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7.1.2SuitableSediment:SurfSmelt(SS)Surfsmeltspawnhavebeenfoundtospawnyear-roundincoarsesandtofinepebblesedimentmixesrangingfrom1.0mmto7.0mmindiameter.
Figure24.Peagravelwithsandbase:preferablesedimentforSSspawning(toscale).
Figure25.Pebblegravelwithsandbase:preferablesedimentforSSspawning(toscale).
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7.1.3UnsuitableSedimentsSomeofthesedimentsthatbeachesconsistofarenotsuitableforPacificsandlanceandsurfsmelttospawnon.Largecobblenotideal;althoughforagefishembryoscanattachtothislargersediment,theyarelesslikelytosurvive.Additionally,mudandsiltistoofineandcompact,makingitdifficultforrespirationtooccurandincreasingthelikelihoodofembryosmothering.
Figure26.Cobblegravelwithasandbase:unsuitablesedimentforPSLandSSspawning(toscale).
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7.2ForageFishSamplingMethodsAfewthingstoconsiderwhensampling:
• Selectthemostideallookingsediment,samplingthosesedimentsthatareapproximately0.2mmto7.0mmindiameterwillprovideyouwiththegreatestpotentialofcapturingaspawningevent.Thisisbiasedsampling,buttheseprotocolsareusedtodeterminewhereandwhensurfsmeltand/orPacificsandlancearespawninginBritishColumbia.Therefore,thedatacollectedwillindicatespawningpresenceornon-detection.
• Wheninvestigatingabeach’ssedimentcomposition,besuretomovesomeofthetoplayeroflargersedimentorseaweedoutofthewaytodetermineif:
o theidealsedimentidentifiedonthesurfaceisafewcentimetersthickandnotjustasmalllayersituatedovertopoflargercobblesediments;or,
o thenotidealsediment(i.e.,largercobble)identifieddoesnothavealayerofidealsedimentbelowitbeforemovingontothenextbeach.Note:Whensamplingyoucanmovethetoplayerofsedimentandscooptheidealsedimentbelow.Thiscanbedonebecausewhenspawningoccurs,thewaveactionmovestheembryosaround,allowingthemtosettledownunderthelargersediment.
• Whencollectingthesediment,doyourbesttogetarepresentativesampleoftheentiresamplearea(30mby5m).Asimplewaytodothisistomarkthe15mmarkalongthe30mmeasuringtapeandenvisionthatyourareaisdividedinto4equalquadrats,each15mby2.5m(seebelow).Bydoingthisyoucancollectapproximately25%ofyoursamplefromeachsection.
Figure27.Anexampleofhowtovisualizethesamplingareatocollecttherepresentativesample:(27a)breakingthe30mby5mintoquadrats,and(27b)thequadratsdrawnoutonabeach.Note:Ifaportionofyoursampleareahasnon-idealsediment(bedrock,largecobble,mud,orsilt),doyourbesttogetanequalamountofsedimentfromeachoftheidealsections.7.3SampleProcessingAfewthingstoconsiderwhenprocessingyoursample(s):
• Whentransferringthesamplefromthesievetothewashtubinthefield,pourthewaterthroughthebackofthesieveandslowlyrotatethesievetoensuretheentiresamplehasbeentransferred.
(27a) (27b)
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Note:Whenusingahose,itisstilleasiesttospraythesievefromthebacksidetotransfertheentiretyofthesampleintothewashtub.
• Whensievinginthefield,youcanuseawaterpitcherinsteadofalargewaterbuckettoreducephysicalailments,aswellashavebettercontrolofthewaterflow.
• Ifyoustillretainaverylargesampleafteryouhaveprocessedyoursamplethroughthesieves,itisbesttoprocessthesampleinmultiple‘batches’throughthevortexkit;thiswillenablethegreatestamountofthepreferentialsedimentstobecollected.
• Whenyouhavecompletedbothprocessingsteps,sievesandthevortexkit,andyouaretransferringyoursampleintoajar,itisbesttofirstscoopthebulkofthesedimentintothejarwithasmallspoon(ratherthanusingwatertocoerceyoursampleintothejar).Ifyouusewaterfromthestart,thereisthepotentialthatyourjarwilloverflow,whichmayresultinlosingsomeofyoursample.
• Besuretocleanallyourgearbetweensamples(i.e.,sieves,bluebowl,buckets,baster,spoons,etc.)topreventcrosscontamination.
• Ifyouusesaltwatertoprocessyoursample,besuretorinseallofyourgearwithfreshwaterassoonaspossible,includingflushingthebilgepump.
7.4LaboratoryAnalysisAfewthingstoconsiderwhenanalyzingyoursample(s):
• Drawinggridlinesorasetofcirclesonthebottomofthepetridishcanaidindistinguishingwhereinthepetri-dishyouhavealreadylooked
• Whenputtingsedimentintothepetridishtoanalyze,besuretoonlyputinaverysmallamounttomakeasinglelayerofsediment.Ifsedimentsarestackedontopofoneanother,processingthemtakeslongeranditislesslikelythatyouwillseetheembryosmixedinamongstthesediment.
• Lookformovementinthepetridishwhenmovingitaround.Theembryosswayinthewaterwhenthedishismovedaround,whereasthesedimentwillremainsteady.
• Whenyouthinkyouhavefoundanembryo,usetheforcepstogentlysqueezeit–thiswillensurethatitisnotarockorapieceofplastic.
• Ifthesampleisnotinpreservative,besuretokeepitinacoolplace(i.e.,fridge)andanalyzeyoursampleswithinsevendays.
Figure28.Petridisheswithgridlinesandcirclestoaidinanalysisprocess.
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7.5HowtoSafelyUseStockard’sSolutionAlthoughStockard’ssolutionismorepotentthanethanol,therearesomebenefitstousingit.ItisrecommendedthatStockard’ssolutionbeusedbecauseethanolcanbleachanddesiccatetheembryos,makingspeciesidentificationdifficult.Additionally,whentheembryosarepreservedinStockard’ssolutionthancanbestoredforyearsandcanbeusedforeducationalpurposes.Therefore,thereareafewthingstoconsiderwhenusingit:
• EnsuretohavetheMSDSsheetonhand• RecommendedtohaveWHMIStraining• Besuretobeinawellventilatedspace(i.e.,outside,fumehood)andwearingglovesandsafety
glasseswhenusing• UseapipettetotransfertheStockard’ssolutionintothejarorvialinacontrolledfashion• Whenfillingthesedimentorembryos,onlyaddenoughsolutiontofullycoverthem• EnsuredisposalofStockard’ssolutionintheappropriatelocationaccordingtotheMSDSsheet
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8.0REFERENCESAvarietyofdocumentsandresourceswereusedtoproducethismanual,including:Dionne,P.(2020).Personalcommunication.
Dionne,P.(2015).Vortexmethodforseparationofforagefisheggsfrombeachsediment.WashingtonDepartmentofFishandWildlife,1-14.
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO).(2002).Surfsmelt:StockstatusreportB6-09(2002).Retrievedfromhttps://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/345799.pdf
Koval,B.(2019).Imagesofembryos.
MeiselRockProducts.(2015).Sandandgraveluses.Retrievedfromhttp://www.meiselrockproducts.com/sand-and-gravel-uses/
Moulton,L.L.&Penttila,D.E.(2006).SanJuanCountyforagefishassessmentproject:Fieldmanualfor
samplingforagefishspawninintertidalshoreregions.RetrievedfromtheWashingtonDepartmentofFish&Wildlife.
Robards,M.D.,Piatt,J.F.,&Rose,G.A.(1999).Maturation,fecundity,andintertidalspawningofPacificsandlanceinthenorthernGulfofAlaska.JournalofFishBiology,54,1050-1068.
Robinson,C.(2020).Personalcommunication.
Swanpark.(2019).Whitepeagravel.Retrievedfromhttp://swanpark.site/white-pea-gravel/Thuringer,P.(2003).DocumentingPacificsandlance(Ammodyteshexapterus)spawninghabitatin
BaynesSoundandthepotentialinteractionswithintertidalshellfishaquaculture.Retrievedfromhttps://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/slrp/marine/south_island/baynes/docs/sandlance/baynes_sandlance_%20draftreport.pdf
Thuringer,P.(2017).Personalcommunication.Thuringer,P.(2020).Personalcommunication.TrekkInn.(n.d.).Suunto.Retrievedfromhttps://www.trekkinn.com/berg/suunto-pm-5-66-pc-opti-
clinometer/22183/p
AppendixI:ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
Developedby:MountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)
May2018Revised:August2019
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TABLEOFCONTENTS1.0 Intro 34 2.0 RegionalDistrictofMountWaddington(RDMW) 35–36
2.1 Municipalities 352.2 ElectoralAreas 36
3.0 StrathconaRegionalDistrict(SRD) 37–383.1 Municipalities 373.2 ElectoralAreas 38
4.0 ComoxValleyRegionalDistrict(CMVRD) 39–404.1 Municipalities 394.2 ElectoralAreas 40
5.0 Alberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict(ACRD) 41–425.1 Municipalities 415.2 ElectoralAreas 42
6.0 RegionalDistrictofNanaimo 43–446.1 Municipalities 436.2 ElectoralAreas 44
7.0 CowichanValleyRegionalDistrict(CWVRD) 45–467.1 Municipalities 457.2 ElectoralAreas 46
8.0 CapitalRegionalDistrict(CRD) 47–508.1 Municipalities 478.2 ElectoralAreas 50
9.0GulfIslands(GI) 5110.0PowellRiverRegionalDistrict(PRRD) 52 10.1Municipalities 52 10.2ElectoralAreas 5211.0SunshineCoastRegionalDistrict(SCRD) 53 11.1Municipalities 53 11.2ElectoralAreas 5312.0MetroVancouverRegionalDistrict(MVRD) 54–58 12.1Municipalities 54 12.2ElectoralAreas 5813.0References 59AppendixA:QuickSummaryofLocationCodes 60–62AppendixB:ForageFishSpawningBeachSurvey–HabitatCharacteristics 63
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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FIGURES
Figure1:Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixB) 6Figure2:DistrictofPortHardy 7Figure3:DistrictofPortHardy 7Figure4:DistrictofPortHardy 7Figure5:TownofPortMcNeill 7Figure6:VillageofPortAlice 8Figure7:VillageofAlertBay 8Figure8:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofMountWaddington 8Figure9:VillageofZeballos 9Figure10:VillageofTahsis 9Figure11:VillageofGoldRiver 9Figure12:VillageofSayward 9Figure13:CityofCampbellRiver 10Figure14:CityofCampbellRiver 10Figure15:CityofCampbellRiver 10Figure16:ElectoralAreasofStrathconaRegionalDistrict 10Figure17:VillageofCumberland 11Figure18:TownofComox 11Figure19:CityofCourtenay 11Figure20:ElectoralAreasofComoxValleyRegionalDistrict 12Figure21:DistrictofTofino 13Figure22:DistrictofUcluelet 13Figure23:CityofPortAlberni 13Figure24:ElectoralAreasoftheAlberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict 14Figure25:CityofNanaimo 15Figure26:CityofParksville 15Figure27:TownofQualicumBeach 15Figure28:DistrictofLantzville 16Figure29:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofNanaimo 16Figure30:TownofLadysmith 17Figure31:MunicipalityofNorthCowichan 17Figure32:TownofLakeCowichan 17
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure33:CityofDuncan 18Figure34:ElectoralAreasoftheCowichanValleyRegionalDistrict 18Figure35:TownofSidney 19 Figure36:DistrictofCentralSaanich 19Figure37:DistrictofNorthSaanich 19Figure38:DistrictofHighlands 19Figure39:DistrictofSaanich 20Figure40:DistrictofSooke 20Figure41:DistrictofMetchosin 20Figure42:CityofLangford 20Figure43:TownofViewRoyal 21 Figure44:CityofColwood 21Figure45:TownshipofEsquimalt 21Figure46:DistrictofOakBay 21Figure47:CityofVictoria 22Figure48:ElectoralAreasoftheCapitalRegionalDistrict 22Figure49:SaltSpringIslandElectoralArea 23Figure50:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea 23Figure51:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea 23Figure52:CityofPowellRiver 24Figure53:ElectoralAreasofthePowellRiverRegionalDistrict 24Figure54:TownofGibsons 25
Figure55:DistrictofSechelt 25Figure56:ElectoralareasoftheSunshineCoastRegionalDistrict 25Figure57:VillageofAnmore 26Figure58:VillageofBelcarra 26
Figure59:BowenIslandMunicipality 26Figure60:CityofBurnaby 26Figure61:CityofDelta 27
Figure62:DistrictofNorthVancouver 27Figure63:VillageofLion’sBay 27Figure64:CityofMapleRidge 27Figure65:CityofNorthVancouver 28
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure66:CityofPortMoody 28Figure67:CityofRichmond 28
Figure68:CityofSurrey 28Figure69:TsawwassenFirstNationland 29Figure70:CityofVancouver 29Figure71:CityofWhiteRock 29
Figure72:DistrictofWestVancouver 29Figure73:ElectoralAreaAinMetroVancouverRegionalDistrict 30Figure74:ForageFishSpawningBeachSurvey–HabitatCharacteristicsDataSheet 35
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1.0INTRODUCTION
‘Foragefishes’isatermreferringtospeciesofsmall,schoolingfishesthatareanimportantfoodsourceforlargermammals,seabirds,andfish(Penttila,2007).AccordingtotheBCMinistryofEnvironment,foragefish,alsoknownaspelagicfishes,consistofnumerousspecies,including:herring,anchovies,smelts,capelin,sardines,eulachonandsandlance(BCMinistryofEnvironment,2014).Thesespeciesareclassifiedbasedontheirecologicalroleinthemarineecosystem,ratherthantheirtaxonomy.Foragefishpopulationsaredecliningglobally,subsequentlyincreasingadverseimpactsculturally,ecologically,andeconomically(Mckechnieetal.,2014).
AlthoughforagefishhabitatsareidentifiedascriticalfishhabitatundertheCanadianFisheriesAct,makingthemprotected,BChaslittledataregardingthelocationandtimingassociatedwiththesehabitats(deGraaf,2010).Inresponsetothisdatagap,theSeaWatchSocietydevelopedtheForageFishProgram(FFP),whichinvolvespotentialspawningsiteidentification,aswellassitesurveying,mapping,andmonitoringoftwoforagefishspecieswithinBC,surfsmeltandPacificsandlance(deGraaf,2013).TheFFPinvolvestrainingvolunteersandcommunitygroupsalongthecoastofBCtoidentifypotentialspawningsitesofthesetwospeciesandoffermonitoringoftheselocations(deGraaf,2013).
In2017,theMountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)atVancouverIslandUniversitywastrainedtousethe“vortexmethod”byaNearshoreandForageFishSpecialistfromtheWashingtonStateDepartmentofFishandWildlife.TheMABRRIteammonitorsbeachesalongthecoast,aswellastrainscitizenscientiststodothesameinordertobuildthecapacityofthisproject.Since2017,othergroups,includingPeninsulaStreamSociety,havebegunmonitoringandtrainingcitizensciencegroupstofurtherexpandthisinitiative’scapacityandrange.Byregularlymonitoringthebeaches,thisinitiativeaimstoreducethecurrentdatagapthatexistsregardingforagefishspawninghabitatalongtheVancouverIslandandGulfIslandcoastlines.
MABRRIcreatedthisquickreferencedocument,inadditiontothe“FisheriesandOceans(DFO)CanadaManagementAreas:VancouverIsland”document,inordertoaidinthestandardizationofdatacollectionanddatareferencing.CodesforlocationsacrosstheentiretyofVancouverIslandandtheGulfIslandswerecreatedinordertoretrievesitespecificdatainatimelyfashion.EachsitethatissampledwillhaveacorrespondingcodethatincludestheregionaldistrictofVancouverIsland,themunicipalityand/orelectoralarea,andthebeach(Figure1).Thisdocumentincludesthecodesthatwereassignedtoeachregionaldistrict,municipality,andelectoralarea.
Region Municipality Beach DFO Mngt Area Figure1.Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixB)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure2:DistrictofPortHardy.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
Figure3.DistrictofPortHardy.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
Figure4:DistrictofPortHardy.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
2.0REGIONALDISTRICTOFMOUNTWADDINGTON(RDMW)
2.1Municipalities
PH-DistrictofPortHardy
PM–TownofPortMcNeill
Figure5:TownofPortMcNeill.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure7:VillageofAlertBay.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
Figure8:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofMountWaddington.Source:RegionalDistrictofMountWaddingtonWebsite(2017)
PO–VillageofPortAlice AB–VillageofAlertBay
Figure6:VillageofPortAlice.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
2.2ElectoralAreas
RA
RB
RC
RD
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure10:VillageofTahsis.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
Figure11:VillageofGoldRiver.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017) Figure12:VillageofSayward.
Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
3.0STRATHCONAREGIONALDISTRICT(SRD)
3.1Municipalities
ZE–VillageofZeballos TA–VillageofTahsis
Figure9:VillageofZeballos.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
GR–VillageofGoldRiver SA–VillageofSayward
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Figure16:ElectoralAreasofStrathconaRegionalDistrict.Source:StrathconaRegionalDistrictWebsite(2013)
Figure14Figure15
CR–CityofCampbellRiver
Figures13–15:CityofCampbellRiver.Source:CityofCampbellRiverWebsite(2017)
3.2ElectoralAreas
KN
CI
DM
BL
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure19:CityofCourtenay.Source:CityofCourtenayWebsite(2015)
4.0COMOXVALLEYREGIONALDISTRICT(CMVRD)
4.1Municipalities
CU–VillageofCumberland
Figure17:VillageofCumberland.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
CT–CityofCourtenay
CM–TownofComox
Figure18:TownofComox.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
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Figure20:ElectoralAreasofComoxValleyRegionalDistrict.Source:ComoxValleyRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
4.2ElectoralAreas
BS
LN
PU
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Figure22:DistrictofUcluelet.Source:UniversityofBritishColumbia’sDepartmentofGeography(2005)
Figure23:CityofPortAlberni.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
5.0ALBERNI-CLAYOQUOTREGIONALDISTRICT(ACRD)
5.1Municipalities
TO–DistrictofTofino UC–DistrictofUcluelet
Figure21:DistrictofTofino.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
CP–CityofPortAlberni
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5.2ElectoralAreas
Figure24:ElectoralAreasoftheAlberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict.Source:Alberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
BF LO
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Figure26:CityofParksville.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
Figure27:TownofQualicumBeach.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
6.0REGIONALDISTRICTOFNANAIMO(RDN)
6.1Municipalities
NA–CityofNanaimo PK–CityofParksville
Figure25:CityofNanaimo.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
QB–TownofQualicumBeach
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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LA–DistrictofLantzville
Figure28:DistrictofLantzville.Source:DistrictofLantzvilleWebsite(2017)
6.2ElectoralAreas
Figure29:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofNanaimo.Source:RegionalDistrictofNanaimoWebsite(2016)
A CC
B GD
E NB
G FC
H SH
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure31:MunicipalityofNorthCowichan.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
7.0COWICHANVALLEYREGIONALDISTRICT(CWVRD)
7.1Municipalities
LS–TownofLadysmith NC–MunicipalityofNorthCowichan
Figure30:TownofLadysmith.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
LC–TownofLakeCowichan
Figure32:TownofLakeCowichan.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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DU–CityofDuncan
Figure33:CityofDuncan.Source:CityofDuncanWebsite(2017)
7.2ElectoralAreas
Figure34:ElectoralAreasoftheCowichanValleyRegionalDistrict.Source:OneCowichanWebsite(2014)
MB
CH
CB
CL
GI
NO
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure37:DistrictofNorthSaanich.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
Figure36:DistrictofCentralSaanich.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
Figure38:DistrictofHighlands.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
8.0CAPITALREGIONALDISTRICT(CRD)
8.1Municipalities
SI–TownofSidney CS–DistrictofCentralSaanich
Figure35:TownofSidney.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)NS–DistrictofNorthSaanich HI–DistrictofHighlands
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure40:DistrictofSooke.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
Figure42:CityofLangford.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
SN–DistrictofSaanich SO–DistrictofSooke
Figure39:DistrictofSaanich.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
ME–DistrictofMetchosin LF–CityofLangford
Figure41:DistrictofMetchosin.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure45:TownshipofEsquimalt.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
Figure46:DistrictofOakBay.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
Figure44:CityofColwood.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
VR–TownofViewRoyal CO–CityofColwood
Figure43:TownofViewRoyal.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)
ES–TownshipofEsquimalt OB–DistrictofOakBay
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure48:ElectoralAreasoftheCapitalRegionalDistrict.Source:BrianLaingRealtorWebsite(2012)
VI–CityofVictoria
Figure47:CityofVictoria.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)8.2ElectoralAreas
JF SG SSJuandeFuca SouthernGulfIslands SaltSpringIsland
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure50:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
Figure51:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
9.0GULFISLANDS(GI)
SS–SaltSpringIslandElectoralArea SG–SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea
Figure49:SaltSpringIslandElectoralArea.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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10.0POWELLRIVERREGIONALDISTRICT(PRRD)
10.1Municipalities
PR–CityofPowellRiver
Figure52:CityofPowellRiver.Source:qathetRegionalDistrictMapping(2019)
10.2ElectoralAreas
Figure53:ElectoralAreasofthePowellRiverRegionalDistrict.Source:qathetRegionalDistrictWebsite(2018)
A PA
B PB
C PC
D TI
E LI
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure56:ElectoralareasoftheSunshineCoastRegionalDistrict.Source:SCRDWebsite(2015)
AEG
BHB
DRO
EEL
FWH
11.0SUNSHINECOASTREGIONALDISTRICT(SCRD)
11.1Municipalities
GB–TownofGibsons SE–DistrictofSechelt
Figure54:TownofGibsons.Source:TownofGibsonsWebsite(2015)
11.2ElectoralAreas
Figure55:DistrictofSechelt.Source:DistrictofSecheltWebsite(2019)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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12.0METROVANCOUVERREGIONALDISTRICT(MVRD)
12.1Municipalities
AN–VillageofAnmore BE–VillageofBelcarra
Figure57:VillageofAnmore.Source:VillageofAnmoreOfficialCommunityPlan(2014)
BI–BowenIslandMunicipality BU–CityofBurnaby
Figure59:BowenIslandMunicipality.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
Figure58:VillageofBelcarra.Source:Wikipedia(2019)
Figure60:CityofBurnaby.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure62:DistrictofNorthVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
Figure64:CityofMapleRidge.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
DE–CityofDelta DN–DistrictofNorthVancouver
Figure61:CityofDelta.Source:Wikipedia(2019)
LB–VillageofLion’sBay MR–CityofMapleRidge
Figure63:VillageofLion’sBay.Source:Wikipedia(2019)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure66:CityofPortMoody.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
Figure68:CityofSurrey.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
NV–CityofNorthVancouver PY–CityofPortMoody
Figure65:CityofNorthVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
RI–CityofRichmond SU–CityofSurrey
Figure67:CityofRichmond.Source:CityofRichmondWebsite(2018)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Figure70:CityofVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
Figure72:DistrictofWestVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)
TS–TsawwassenFirstNation VA–CityofVancouver
Figure69:TsawwassenFirstNationland.Source:IndigenousandNorthernAffairsCanadaWebsite(2010)
WR–CityofWhiteRock WV–DistrictofWestVancouver
Figure71:CityofWhiteRock.Source:WhiteRockLifestylesWebsite(2019)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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12.2ElectoralAreas
MA–MVRDElectoralAreaA
Figure73:ElectoralAreaAinMetroVancouverRegionalDistrict.Source:Wikipedia(2019)
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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13.0REFERENCES
DeGraaf,R.(2010).PreliminaryHabitatAssessmentforsuitabilityofintertidallyspawningforagefishspecies,Pacificsandlance(Ammodyteshexapterus)andsurfsmelt(Hypomesuspretiosus)EsquimaltLagoon,Colwood,BritishColumbia.RetrievedfromCapitalRegionalDistrictwebsite:https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/es-harbours-pdf/esquimalt-lagoon/esquimaltlagoon-foragefishsurvey-degraffe-2010.pdf?sfvrsn=2DeGraaf,R.(2013,August).ForageFish.PresentedatThetisIsland,stewardingourshoresWorkshop,ThetisIsland,Canada.Retrievedfromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4C52I6k-XU
McKechnie,I.,Lepofsky,D.,Moss,M.L.,Butler,V.L.,Orchard,T.J.,Coupland,G.,Foster,F.,Caldwell,M.,Lertzman,K.(2014).ArcheologicaldataprovidealternativehypothesesonPacificherring(Clupeapallasii)distribution,abundance,andvariability.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.111,E807-E816.
BCMinistryofEnvironment.(2014).EnvironmentalGuidelinesforUrbanandRuralLandDevelopmentinBritishColumbia.DevelopwithCare:FactSheet#21:CoastalForageFish.Retrievedfrom:http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/devwithcare/Fact-Sheet-21-Forage-Fish.pdf
Pentilla,D.,2007.MarineForageFishesinPugetSound.PreparedinsupportofthePugetSoundNearshorePartnership.TechnicalReportNo.2007-03.PublishedbySeattleDistrict,U.W.ArmycorpsofEngineers,Seattle,Washington.
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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APPENDIXA:QUICKSUMMARYOFLOCATIONCODES
Alberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict–ACRDBamfieldACRDElectoralAreaA-BFCityofPortAlberni–CPDistrictofTofino–TODistrictofUcluelet–UCLongBeachACRDElectoralAreaC-LOCapitalRegionalDistrict–CRDCityofColwood–COCityofLangford–LFCityofVictoria–VIDistrictofCentralSaanich–CSDistrictofHighlands-HIDistrictofMetchosin–MEDistrictofNorthSaanich–NSDistrictofOakBay–OBDistrictofSaanich–SNDistrictofSooke–SOJuandeFucaCRDElectoralArea–JFSaltSpringIslandCRDElectoralArea–SSSouthernGulfIslandsCRDElectoralArea–SGTownofSidney–SITownofViewRoyal–VRTownshipofEsquimalt–ESComoxValleyRegionalDistrict–CMVRDBaynesSound–Denman/HornbyIslandsCMVRDElectoralAreaA–BSCityofCourtenay–CTLazoNorthCMVRDElectoralAreaB–LNPuntledge-BlackCreekCMVRDElectoralAreaC–PUTownofComox–CMVillageofCumberland–CUCowichanValleyRegionalDistrict–CWVRDCityofDuncan–DUCobbleHillCWVRDElectoralAreaC–CHCowichanBayCWVRDElectoralAreaD–CBCowichanLakeSouth–SkutzFallsCWVRDElectoralAreaF–CLGulfIslands–SaltairCWVRDElectoralAreaG–GIMillBay–MalahatCWVRDElectoralAreaA–MBMunicipalityofNorthCowichan–NCNorthOyster–DiamondCWVRDElectoralAreaH–NOTownofLadysmith–LSTownofLakeCowichan–LC
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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MetroVancouverRegionalDistrict–MVRDBowenIslandMunicipality–BICityofBurnaby–VUCityofDelta–DECityofMapleRidge–MRCityofNorthVancouver–NVCityofPortMoody–PYCityofRichmond–RICityofSurrey–SUCityofVancouver–VACityofWhiteRock–WRDistrictofNorthVancouver–DNDistrictofWestVancouver–WVMVRDElectoralAreaA–MATsawwassenFirstNation–TSVillageofAnmore–ANVillageofBelcarra–BEVillageofLion’sBay–LBPowellRiverRegionalDistrict–PRRDCityofPowellRiver–PRLasquetiIslandPRRDElectoralAreaE–LIPRRDElectoralAreaA–PAPRRDElectoralAreaB–PBPRRDElectoralAreaC–PCTexadaIslandPRRDElectoralAreaD–TIRegionalDistrictofMountWaddington–RDMWDistrictofPortHardy–PHRDMWElectoralAreaA–RARDMWElectoralAreaB–RBRDMWElectoralAreaC–RCRDMWElectoralAreaD–RDTownofPortMcNeill–PMVillageofAlertBay–ABVillageofPortAlice–PORegionalDistrictofNanaimo–RDNCassidy,Cedar,YellowPoint,SouthWellingtonRDNElectoralAreaA–CCCityofNanaimo–NACityofParksville–PKDistrictofLantzville–LAFrenchCreek,Dashwood,EnglishmanRiverRDNElectoralAreaG–FC
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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Gabriola,DeCourcy,MudgeIslandsRDNElectoralAreaB–GDNanooseBayRDNElectoralAreaE–NBShawHill,QualicumBay,DeepBay,Bowser,SpiderLake,HorneLakeRDNElectoralAreaH–SHTownofQualicumBeach–QBStrathconaRegionalDistrict–SRDCityofCampbellRiver–CRCoretesSRDElectoralAreaB–CIDiscoveryIslands–MainlandInletsSRDElectoralAreaC–DMKyuquot/Nootka-SaywardSRDElectoralAreaA–KNOysterBay-ButtleLakeSRDElectoralAreaD–BLVillageofGoldRiver–GRVillageofSayward–SAVillageofTahsis–TAVillageofZeballos–ZESunshineCoastRegionalDistrict–SCRDDistrictofSechelt–SEEgmont-PenderHarbourSCRDElectoralAreaA–EGElphinstoreSCRDElectoralAreaE–ELHalfmoonBaySCRDElectoralAreaB–HBRobertsCreekSCRDElectoralAreaD–ROTownofGibsons–GBWestHoweSoundSCRDElectoralAreaF–WH
ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes
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APPENDIXB:FORAGEFISHSPAWNINGBEACHSURVEY–HABITATCHARACTERISTICS
Figure74:ForageFishSpawningBeachSurvey–HabitatCharacteristicsDataSheet
AppendixII:FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIslandImageryGatheredby:MountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)
May2018
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
1.0Introduction 67
2.0FisheriesandOceansManagementAreas:Vancouver&GulfIslands 68–85
2.1Area11:CapeCaution,WestcottPoint 68
2.2Area12:NorthernJohnstoneStrait 69
2.3Area13:QuadraIsland,CortesIsland 70
2.4Area14:OysterRiver,Parksville 71
2.5Area15:BrettellPoint,PowellRiver 72
2.6Area16:TexadaIsland,LasquetiIsland,JervisInlet 73
2.7Area17:NanooseBay,GalianoIsland 74
2.8Area18:MayneIsland,Saanich 75
2.9Area19:Saanich,WilliamHead 76
2.10Area20:Sooke,BonillaPointLighthouse 77
2.11Area21/22:TzuquanahPoint,NitinatLake 78
2.12Area23:CapeBeale,Ucluelet 79
2.13Area24:CoxPoint,EstevanPoint 80
2.14Area25:NootkaSound,EsperanzaInlet 81
2.15Area26:UnionIsland,SolanderIsland 82
2.16Area27:SolanderIsland,LawnPoint,CapeScott 83
2.17Area29:LowerGeorgiaStrait 84
2.18Area111:OpenwaternorthofVancouverIsland 85
3.0References 86
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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FIGURES
Figure1.Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixA). 67
Figure2.CapeCaution,WestcottPointDFOManagementArea. 68
Figure3.NorthernJohnstoneStraitDFOManagementArea. 69
Figure4.QuadraIsland,CortesIslandDFOManagementArea. 70
Figure5.OysterRiver,ParksvilleDFOManagementArea. 71
Figure6.BrettellPoint,PowellRiverDFOManagementArea. 72
Figure7.TexadaIsland,LasquetiIsland,JervisInletDFOManagementArea. 73
Figure8.NanooseBay,GalianoIslandDFOManagementArea. 74
Figure9.MayneIsland,SaanichDFOManagementArea. 75
Figure10.Saanich,WilliamHeadDFOManagementArea. 76
Figure11.Sooke,BonillaPointLighthouseDFOManagementArea. 77
Figure12.TzuquanahPoint,NitinatLakeDFOManagementArea. 78
Figure13.CapeBeale,UclueletDFOManagementArea. 79
Figure14.CoxPoint,EstevanPointDFOManagementArea. 80
Figure15.NootkaSound,EsperanzaInletDFOManagementArea. 81
Figure16.UnionIsland,SolanderIslandDFOManagementArea. 82
Figure17.SolanderIsland,LawnPoint,CapeScottDFOManagementArea. 83
Figure18.LowerGeorgiaStraitDFOManagementArea. 84
Figure19.OpenwaternorthofVancouverIslandDFOManagementArea. 85
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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1.0INTRODUCTION
‘Foragefishes’isatermreferringtospeciesofsmall,schoolingfishesthatareanimportantfoodsourceforlargermammals,seabirds,andfish(Penttila,2007).AccordingtotheBCMinistryofEnvironment,foragefish,alsoknownaspelagicfishes,consistofnumerousspecies,including:herring,anchovies,smelts,capelin,sardines,eulachonandsandlance(BCMinistryofEnvironment,2014).Thesespeciesareclassifiedbasedontheirecologicalroleinthemarineecosystem,ratherthantheirtaxonomy.Foragefishpopulationsaredecliningglobally,subsequentlyincreasingadverseimpactsculturally,ecologically,andeconomically(Mckechnieetal.,2014).
AlthoughforagefishhabitatsareidentifiedascriticalfishhabitatundertheCanadianFisheriesAct,makingthemprotected,BChaslittledataregardingthelocationandtimingassociatedwiththesehabitats(deGraaf,2010).Inresponsetothisdatagap,theSeaWatchSocietydevelopedtheForageFishProgram(FFP),whichinvolvespotentialspawningsiteidentification,aswellassitesurveying,mapping,andmonitoringoftwoforagefishspecieswithinBC,surfsmeltandPacificsandlance(deGraaf,2013).TheFFPinvolvestrainingvolunteersandcommunitygroupsalongthecoastofBCtoidentifypotentialspawningsitesofthesetwospeciesandoffermonitoringoftheselocations(deGraaf,2013).
In2017,theMountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)atVancouverIslandUniversitywastrainedtousethe“vortexmethod”byaNearshoreandForageFishSpecialistfromtheWashingtonStateDepartmentofFishandWildlife.TheMABRRIteammonitorsbeachesalongthecoast,aswellastrainscitizenscientiststodothesameinordertobuildthecapacityofthisproject.Since2017,othergroups,includingPeninsulaStreamSociety,havebegunmonitoringandtrainingcitizensciencegroupstofurtherexpandthisinitiative’scapacityandrange.Byregularlymonitoringthebeaches,thisinitiativeaimstoreducethecurrentdatagapthatexistsregardingforagefishspawninghabitatalongtheVancouverIslandandGulfIslandcoastlines.
MABRRIcreatedthisquickreferencedocument,inadditiontothe“VancouverIslandForageFishSampling:LocationCodes”document,inordertoaidinthestandardizationofdatacollectionanddatareferencing.CodesforlocationsacrosstheentiretyofVancouverIslandwerecreatedinordertoretrievesitespecificdatainatimelyfashion.EachsitethatissampledwillhaveacorrespondingcodethatincludestheregionaldistrictofVancouverIsland,themunicipalityand/orelectoralarea,andthebeach,aswellastheDFOManagementAreaassociatedwithit(Figure1).ThisdocumentincludestheDFOManagementAreasthatinfluenceVancouverIslandandtheGulfIslands.
Region Municipality Beach DFOMngtArea Figure1.Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixA)
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.0FISHERIESANDOCEANSMANAGEMENTAREAS:VANCOUVER&GULFISLANDS
2.1Area11:CapeCaution,WestcottPoint
Figure 2. Cape Caution, Westcott Point DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.2Area12:NorthernJohnstoneStrait
Figure 3. Northern Johnstone Strait DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.3Area13:QuadraIsland,CortesIsland
Figure 4. Quadra Island, Cortes Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.4Area14:OysterRiver,Parksville
Figure 5. Oyster River, Parksville DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.5Area15:BrettellPoint,PowellRiver
Figure 6. Brettell Point, Powell River DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.6Area16:TexadaIsland,LasquetiIsland,JervisInlet
Figure 7. Texada Island, Lasqueti Island, Jervis Inlet DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.7Area17:NanooseBay,GalianoIsland
Figure 8. Nanoose Bay, Galiano Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.8Area18:MayneIsland,Saanich
Figure 9. Mayne Island, Saanich DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.9Area19:Saanich,WilliamHead
Figure 10. Saanich, William Head DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.10Area20:Sooke,BonillaPointLighthouse
Figure 11. Sooke, Bonilla Point Lighthouse DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.11Area21/22:TzuquanahPoint,NitinatLake
Figure 12. Tzuquanah Point, Nitinat Lake DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.12Area23:CapeBeale,Ucluelet
Figure 13. Cape Beale, Ucluelet DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.13Area24:CoxPoint,EstevanPoint
Figure 14. Cox Point, Estevan Point DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.14Area25:NootkaSound,EsperanzaInlet
Figure 15. Nootka Sound, Esperaza Inlet DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.15Area26UnionIsland,SolanderIsland
Figure 16. Union Island, Solander Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.16Area27:SolanderIsland,LawnPoint,CapeScott
Figure 17. Solander Island, Lawn Point, Cape Scott DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.17Area29:LowerGeorgiaStrait
Figure 18. Lower Georgia Strait DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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2.18Area111:OpenwaternorthofVancouverIsland
Figure 19. Open water north of Vancouver Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).
FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland
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3.0REFERENCES
DeGraaf,R.(2010).PreliminaryHabitatAssessmentforsuitabilityofintertidallyspawningforagefishspecies,Pacificsandlance(Ammodyteshexapterus)andsurfsmelt(Hypomesuspretiosus)EsquimaltLagoon,Colwood,BritishColumbia.RetrievedfromCapitalRegionalDistrictwebsite:https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/es-harbours-pdf/esquimalt-lagoon/esquimaltlagoon-foragefishsurvey-degraffe-2010.pdf?sfvrsn=2DeGraaf,R.(2013,August).ForageFish.PresentedatThetisIsland,stewardingourshoresWorkshop,ThetisIsland,Canada.Retrievedfromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4C52I6k-XU
McKechnie,I.,Lepofsky,D.,Moss,M.L.,Butler,V.L.,Orchard,T.J.,Coupland,G.,Foster,F.,Caldwell,M.,Lertzman,K.(2014).ArcheologicaldataprovidealternativehypothesesonPacificherring(Clupeapallasii)distribution,abundance,andvariability.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.111,E807-E816.
BCMinistryofEnvironment.(2014).EnvironmentalGuidelinesforUrbanandRuralLandDevelopmentinBritishColumbia.DevelopwithCare:FactSheet#21:CoastalForageFish.Retrievedfrom:http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/devwithcare/Fact-Sheet-21-Forage-Fish.pdf
Pentilla,D.,2007.MarineForageFishesinPugetSound.PreparedinsupportofthePugetSoundNearshorePartnership.TechnicalReportNo.2007-03.PublishedbySeattleDistrict,U.W.ArmycorpsofEngineers,Seattle,Washington.