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Bright Ideas: LED’s for Your
Home & Church
Roger Reinicker – Adult Ed10:Ten April 15, 2018
Earth Care Congregation• “Earth Care Congregation” is a
certification from PC(USA)• Church exhibits leadership in protecting
God’s creation and are good stewards of earth’s resources via:
Worship EducationOutreach AdvocacyFacilities Management
• WPC has been certified for 9 years• Only 2 % of the 10,000 Presbyterian
churches have passed certification
OUTLINE
• Light and Color• What are LED’s?• Choosing the right LED for your home
• LED’s at Westminster
New Terms to Learn• LED• Lumens• Luminous efficacy• Beam angle• Troffer• Luminaire• CRI• Color temperature• T12, T8• Plug and Play• A19, A21 etc.• tombstone
FUNDAMENTALS OF COLOR Light
Source
Object Observer
Must have all three to have the perception of color!
And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the
darkness.
Light
• The light that the Creator gave us is a little complicated!
• The light includes ultraviolet light (UV – which is why we wear sunscreen) and infrared light or heat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
290
Near infra-red 700nm – 2500nm
UVA
3
20nm
–40
0nm
UV
B
290
nm –
320n
m
%R
Visible spectrum400nm - 700nm
290 400 700 2500
Wavelength, nm
HEAT!
The Electro‐magnetic Spectrum
Color
• In the preceding slide, the black line represents the wavelengths of light reflected by an object back to our eyes.
• Since the reflected wavelengths are blue and red (more red than blue) the object is a blue shade red (or magenta) color.
LED = Light Emitting Diode
A slide for Geeks!
Hand out diodes
As you receive your LED note that it has two wire leads and one is longer than the other. This is to discriminate between and the positive and negative sides of the diode. Electricity only flows one way through a diode hence it requires “direct current” not “alternating current”.
Reflective cavity = 0.066 inches (1.67 mm) diameterSMALL BUT MIGHTYInternal wire is 75% thinner than a tungsten filament (0.036 mm)This diode came from a Christmas light set and was
photographed in transmitted and reflected light
Show Hyperikon light
Fluorescent T12 light
Hyperikonbrand LED
light
The Hyperikon light arranges the diodes light like little flashlights in a line.
diodes
LIKE FLASHLIGHTS IN A LINE
LIKE FLASHLIGHTS IN A LINE
lens
lens
Beam angle
Some LED bulbs use a lens to spread out the light in a wider beam angle
LIKE FLASHLIGHTS IN A LINE
phosphor
Some LED bulbs use a phosphor coating on the inside of the bulb to spread out the light
Scattered light
Show Christmas Light
• Christmas string lights use a simple method to create the right voltage and current required by the diode.
• Light actually flashes 60 times per second because only ½ the wave of the AC is used.
AC sine wave
Incandescent and CFL lights• Incandescent light bulbs create light by heating a filament inside the bulb; the heat makes the filament white‐hot, producing the light that you see. Halogen light bulbs create light through the same method. Because incandescent and halogen bulbs create light through heat, about 90% of the energy used is wasted to generate heat.
• Fluorescent light bulbs use an entirely different method to create light. Both compact fluorescent light bulbs and fluorescent linear tubes only waste approximately 30% of their energy in heat, making them far cooler and more energy efficient than regular bulbs.
Incandescent and CFL lights
• Incandescent light bulbs ‐ 90% Heat• Fluorescent light bulbs ‐ 30% Heat
– Require a ballast to convert energy – Ballast consumes energy and generates heat
• LED’s ‐ very little heat
SPECTRA OF BULB TYPES
Comparison of Bulbs
Comparison Incandescent CFL LEDWatts 60 13 9color temperature 2700K 2700K 2700KLumens 720 800 800Lifetime years 1.4 9.1 10energy cost/yr 7.23$ 1.57$ 1.08$ price 1.46$ 1.64$ 1.88$
All three lights give about the same amount of illumination measured in lumens.
Throw Away Your Incandescent Bulbs!
• The previous slide shows how cost and energy efficient LED bulbs have become
• Lifetime is predicted on 3 hours per day and cost is based on 11 cents per kilowatt hour
• That means you get a 300% return on an LED bulb* (vs. an incandescent) in 1 year!
* For the bulb price and lumens listed in the chart
Watts vs. Lumens
• Previous technology: more watts = more light• But… would you buy a car based only on how many gallons of gas it used per hour?
• New technology: buy lights based on lumens• What is a lumen?
– Lumen is luminous flux or a measure of the total quantity of visible light
Watts to Lumens
LED Watts = Old Watts/7
• Absolutely no good for – Lava lamps !– Easy‐bake toy ovens !– Fruit dehydrators !– Real ovens (LED have enclosed electronics)– Some tightly enclosed lighting fixtures (LED’s still generate a small amount of heat – but the maker will indicate if this is or is not an issue)
LED Disadvantages
• Little heat generated– Saves energy– Saves on cooling costs, too
• Low energy use – high efficacy or efficiency– Lumens per watt up to 100!
LED advantages
• Instantly on at full brightness• Better at handling vibration; not easily broken• Contain no mercury• Never “burn out” just get dimmer
– Longevity based on retaining 70% brightness
• Low temperature performance– Unlike CFL’s which are rated only above freezing
• Dimmable• Any color you want
LED advantages
• No UV radiation!–won’t attract bugs!–won’t damage art work!
LED advantages
Hand Out Bulbs
Let’s Look at the LED Box
Start here
About This Bulb
• This bulb cost $1.88 at Home Depot• The FCC warning statement is standard required for electronics ‐ including kids’ toys
• It is an A19 bulb meaning your average standard bulb size and shape
• It is good for floor lamps, table lamps, ceiling fans, sconce lights, and hanging lights
• It can be totally enclosed
Color Temperature
• 2700K ‐ warm, yellowish white• 4100K ‐ bright white• 5000K ‐ bluish white• 6500K ‐ daylight• Common LED colors include amber, red, green, and blue. To produce white light, different color LEDs are combined or covered with a phosphor material that converts the color of the light to a familiar “white” light used in homes.
Color Temperature
• 2700K ‐ warm, yellowish white
Living room for an inviting ambience
Bedroom for a relaxing setting
Color Temperature
• 4100K ‐ bright white
Kitchen for food preparation
Laundry room for seeing stains
Color Temperature• 4100K – 6500K ‐ bright or bluish white
Bathroom for applying makeup or shaving – also
choose a bulb with a CRI of at least 90
What is CRI?
• CRI is “Color Rendering Index”• Color rendering describes how a light source makes the color of an object appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed.
• The higher the CRI, the better the color rendering ability. Light sources with a CRI of 85 to 90 are considered good at color rendering.
Are LED’s Dimmable?
Must have good compatibility
between the light and the dimmer control – like a marriage!
LIKE A GOOD MARRIAGE!
Dimmability
• LED’s are dimmable but cost a little bit more• I find that the current dimmer switches in my house don’t work as well with LED’s
• LED lights on old dimmers don’t dim smoothly • LED’s require so much less power, older dimmer switches don’t work well
• Buy a newer good brand of dimmer made for LED’s and a good brand of LED bulb as well
LED’s at Westminster
LED’s at Westminster
• Opportunity was identified by an Energy Audit in August of 2016.
• Replace T12’s!
‐‐‐‐‐‐1.5 in.‐‐‐‐‐
T = tubular, 12 x 1/8” = 1.5 inch diameter
We Did A Survey
Lots of Lights!
• Inventory revealed over 1600 inside lights and at least 22 varieties – Incandescent, including dimmable– Quartz– Halogen– Fluorescent; tubular and CFL– LED’s in sanctuary, Rowell CR– Heat lamps
T12’s need Magnetic Ballasts
Almost all fluorescent lights in Westminster were:
• Four foot T12, 1.5 inches diameter
• Powered by magnetic ballasts
Some Considerations
• With T12 being obsolete we could go several directions– Replace with T8 or T5 fluorescent ‐ but would require purchase of new ballasts; still use Hg
– Replace with Plug and Play LED T8 diameter bulbs –but then have to keep the obsolete and energy eating ballasts
– Remove ballasts and go with direct wire LED bulbs
We Did Light Trials
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
LUX @ Table Height
Instafit 17W LED
Instafit 15W LED
Sylvania 40W FL
Toggled 16W LED
SATCO 15W LED
SATCO 15W LED
SATCO 15W LED
LUXRITE 22W LED
Philips 34W FL
Hyperikon 18W LED
Philips T8 FL
Philips T8 FL
LED lights in blue, fluorescent in beigeInstafitrequire a ballast
Typical Savings in Each Troffer
• T12 Fluorescent – 4 ft + plus ballast– 3 bulbs x 34 watts + ballast energy = about 106W
• T8 LED ‐ 4 ft ‐ direct wire, ballast removed– 2 bulbs x 12.5 watts = 25 watts– Savings of ~76%
Getting the Grant from DNREC
• Power bills• Current lighting• Lighting layouts• Room sizes
• DLC qualified• Action plan• Insurance etc etc
Lights by the numbers:49 rooms & hallways664 T12 bulbs removed403 ballasts removed436 new LED bulbs installed
PhixIt CrewPaul Crothamel (Staff ‐ Director of Facilities and Security)
Jeff Lippincott Steve JohnsonRich Albert Fred NelsonJerry Fedeler Jim CarterMark MosherWayne Sparling Roger Reinicker
Replacing the last T12 in the project in the main hall by reception.
Ballasts Headed for Recycle
We received $0.15 per pound from the recycler
Project Cost & Return• Return on investment
• Originally we calculated about 2 years• However, bulb prices were less and also the DNRec grant will be lower
• Costs• Bulbs ranged from $7 to $13 each• We bought 476 bulbs for $4,549.47 • Installation was free (PhixIt)• Disposal of old bulbs cost $259.50• Recycling of ballasts returned $185.00
Questions?