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BRIEFING 2:PROPOSAL WRITING
Munira Bt Mohamed Nazari
School of Bioprocess Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
ERT 423 – FINAL YEAR PROJECT
CONTENTS OF BRIEFING
• Introduction
• Proposal writing guideline
• Presentation guideline
• Summary
2Semester 2012/2013
INTRODUCTION
• What is PROPOSALPROPOSAL??o Progress report for overall project.o Project milestone.oGeneral ideas.o Expected result.
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Proposal Contents
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PROPOSAL WRITING GUIDELINE
Must have…
• Title page
• 1 ~ Introduction
• 2 ~ Problem statement
• 3 ~ Objective
• 4 ~ Literature review
• 5 ~ Methodology
• 6 ~ Gantt chart
• 7 ~ Reference
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Title Page
• UniMAP logo & name
• School name
• Program name
• Semester 1 2011/2012
• Title
• Name/IC/Matrix number
• Supervisor name
• Date submits
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Introduction (2 - 3 pages)
• Required contents– Background of study
• It tells briefly about the introduction of the study with current issues related to study.
– Problem statement• Address the problem to be resolved.
– Objectives• Stating the purpose of the project carried out.• It lists the goals for study to be conducted. Must write
in form of point ( 1.,2.,3.).
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Background of Study
• The purpose of the Background section is to provide the reader with information that they cannot be expected to know, but which they will need to know in order to fully understand and appreciate the rest of the report.
• It should explain why the project is addressing the problem described in the report, indicate an awareness of other work relevant to this problem and show clearly that the problem has not been solved by anyone else.
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• Your background section should end with a clear statement of the research questions problem your project is trying to answer.
• These will reflect the aim of your project, but will be different in that they explain the problem you are attempting to solve.
• Example: Project entitle “Nutritional Analysis in Edible Bird Nest”
Semester 2012/2013 10Explain
• EBN– Functions/benefits– Previous data
• Percentage of rate/value• Usage • Cultivation area
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High usage but lack of information on nutritionalcontent
High usage but lack of information on nutritionalcontent
Address problem that not been solved yet & statement of the research question
Problem statement
• Research study is done to solve a problem. So it is very important to you to explain– What is the problem to be solved?– Why this problem need to be solved?
• You need to convince the reader that the problem to be solved, do exist and should be settled.
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Goals & Objectives
• After explaining the problem statement, then you need to specify what you want to do to solve the problem.
• Goals - Explaining the end result that we want to achieve. It is written in the form of a general statement. Example:– This project is carried out for design improvement of sugar cane
press by determining the current sugar press design specification.
• Objectives - States how the goal can be achieved. They are stated to be more focused. – 1) To do a survey of customer need of new sugar can press design.– 2) To generate and evaluate a product concept and to study the
suitable design which emphasize on safety and cleanliness.– 3) To develop a prototype of product that is safe and easy to handle
by using CAD modeling.
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Literature review (3 - 4 pages)
• This chapter describes the research carried out by others - related to ongoing projects.
• This chapter also describes the techniques / methods / equipment or technology that will be taken in implementing the project / study.
• Many references have to be made in this chapter. • References can be taken either from books,
conference papers, journal articles, magazines, thesis and / or the internet.
• All references must be clearly recorded in the text and specified in the reference list.
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• Example of citation– During dry period, snail will cover its body in mud
and also in water with low oxygen content (C. Wilmol, B.Amaret, 2003).
– Sam et al., (1991) demonstrated the possibility to use scanning electron microscopy,…… to ascertain the authenticity of EBN.
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C.Wilmol, B.Amaret, (2003). Isolation and Characterization of PathogensAttacking Pomacea Canalicuta, Journal of Nature, Vol 422, pp.245-256..C.Wilmol, B.Amaret, (2003). Isolation and Characterization of PathogensAttacking Pomacea Canalicuta, Journal of Nature, Vol 422, pp.245-256..
Sam, C.T., Tan, P.H & Lim, C.H. (1991) Establishing the Authenticity of Edible Bird’s Nest. ISFM Medicine Scientific Review, pp .Sam, C.T., Tan, P.H & Lim, C.H. (1991) Establishing the Authenticity of Edible Bird’s Nest. ISFM Medicine Scientific Review, pp .
Methodology (2 - 3 pages)
• This chapter indicate how the project will be implemented to achieve the objectives.
• Content may contain methods, techniques or approaches that will be used during project / study design and implementation.
• This chapter also explains the justification for the use of methods or approaches as well as hardware and software requirements.
• In this chapter, the expectation results of the project/study need to explain.
• This chapter also contains a flowchart, diagram, etc. depending on your project/study.
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Example of flowchart
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Example of flowchart
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UPSTREAM PROCESS
DOWNSTREAM PROCESS
Example of flowchart
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Sampling Bacteria Source
Pre - Treatment
Testing Using RCM Medium in Serum Bottle
Evaluation
H2 Potential
Active Inoculum
Stock Culture
Optimization Studies
Inoculum DevelopmentpHCharacterization of Agriculture Waste Kinetic Study
Dark Fermentation
No
1
2
Yes
What type of medium??Need to explain.
Example of Gantt Chart
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Month Sept Oct Nov Dis Jan Feb March
April
Literature Review
Review of Methodology
Submission of proposal
Proposal defence
Conducting Experiment
Analysis of Experiment
Submission of Thesis
Viva Voce
Activity
Referencing
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A term used to refer to the inclusion of detailed information about the source of quotes, ideas, or illustrations you insert into your term paper to avoid plagiarism
Citing an information source used in an academic work means to employ a standardized method of acknowledging that source.
Refer guide book for method of referencing
References Style
1. Book : Author Name(s), Author Sir Name(s), (Year). Title, Edition number, Publisher, Location:
Example:
Holmlund, C. (1969). Fried, Avionic Navigation Systems, 1st edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. USA
2. Conference Proceedings : Author(s), (Year). Article title, Name of conference, Location of conference, Pages.
Example:
Dore S.D., and Kershenbaum, L.S. (1994). Application of geometric nonlinear control in the process industries – a case study, Proc. IFAC Symposium, ADCHEM ‘94, Kyoto, Japan, pp 501-506.
3. Journal Paper : Author(s), (Year). Article title, Name of journal , Volume number, Pages.
Example :
Finkelstein M, (2006). Microfluids: Cliks and Chips, Journal of Nature, Vol 422, pp.245-256.4. Electronic sources:
Web pages- Author(s) or Company, (Year), Title, URL, date found.Example :
Vice President, 1999. University of Calgary Research Policies and Procedures Handbook. http://www.ovpr.uga.edu/rpph/rph_misn.html. Accessed on 23 February 1999.
Graphics from Encarta (or similar) needs to be referenced.
Note: Read the FYP referencing guide.Semester 2012/2013 23
Tenses – General Guidelines
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“Choose proper tenses”
• Introduction – present tense
• Literature – past tense
• Rest of report/thesis- past tense
• Findings – present tense
Report Style
Times New Roman 12 1.5 Spacing Maximum 12 pages
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Submit
23/10/12 – 3 PM
4 copies
Tape binding
PRESENTATION GUIDELINE
Presentation Style
• Microsoft Power Point
• Contents
• Suggestion max. no of slide = 25
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Presentation Allocation
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Attire
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30
SUMMARY
• Introduction: Serve as a frame for the rest of the report / thesis
• Literature review: What are background, related theories, previous study
• Methodology: How did you study the problem?
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And finally….
Any questions?
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