1517 Protestant movement: Gutemberg printing press revolution

1789 French Revolution: newspaper & leaflets revolution

1968 Paris may days: transistor/wallpaper revolution

1968 Italian 68: autographic stencil (ciclostile)

1979 Iran: small media revolution (audiocassettes)

1989 “La Pantera” Italian student movement: fax “revolution”

1999 Seattle No Global movement: mailing list/first internet revolution

2011 North Africa: social media “revolution”

Brief History of media-supported Revolutions

transistor receivers

wallpapersgraffitislogan

public phones

: bypass revolution: protesters bypassed institutional media (national public radio and television broadcasters):: tactical use of the media

Radio Europe 1Radio Luxemburg

Paris mediasphere May 1968

squarestreets people

mailing lists

cell phones

: bypass revolution: protesters bypassed institutional media (national public radio and television broadcasters):: tactical use of the media

“Battle of Seattle” mediasphere 1999

Worldmedia

localindipendentfm/am radio

web radio

squarestreets people

world media

tunisiandiaspora

Web radio(Radio

SB Zone)

local clandestine FM radio

(Radio Kalima)

cell phones

: bypass-revolution: protesters have bypassed institutional media (national radio and television broadcasters):: Twitter excelled as a medium in getting the message out, in driving mainstream media coverage and in connecting activists on the ground with multipliers in the West::: tactical use of the media:::: multiplatform/networked flow of communication

2-3 cose che ho imparato sulle reti sociali:networked public: persistence, replicability, la scalability (Kony2012), searchability (D. Boyd 2011:46)+ approccio drammaturgico ai media (di nuovo, Kony2012)+ studio delle reti

Tunisian mediasphere 2011

squarestreets people

bloggers