Brian Su 蘇千翔 2020. 1. 13

Brian Su 蘇千翔 2020. 1. 13

Sr. Project Manager / Keysight Technologies

Keysight AV自駕車 x EV電動車 Seminar

2

Keysight’s

Contribution

to Address the

Automotive Radar

Challenges

Autonomous

Vehicle and

Automotive Radar

Market Overview

Automotive Radar

Standards and

Regulatory

Testing

Keysight Radar

Solution Portfolio


3Keysight AV自駕車 x EV電動車 Seminar

4

E N A B L I N G T E C H N O L O G Y A N D T Y P I C A L S E N S O R S C O N T E N T

Autonomous Driving

Level / Type of Sensors

Level 1

(Drive Assistance)

Level 2

(Partial Automation)

Level 3

(Conditional Automation)

Level 4

(High Automation)

Level 5

( Automation)

Human level monitoring

of Environment

Driver maintains overall

control but can cede

limited authority

Driver responsible for

monitoring the roadway

and control at all times

Driver must be available to

take control of the vehicle

at all times with short notice

Vehicle is capable of

performing all driving

functions with conditions.

Driver may have the option

to control the vehicle

Vehicle is capable of

performing all driving

functions unconditionally.

Driver may have the option

to control the vehicle

Application Example Adaptive Cruise Control

or Lane Centering

Adaptive Cruise Control

and Lane Centering at

the same time

Traffic jam chauffeur • Driverless Taxi

• Driving with or without pedals or steering wheel

Ultrasonic 4 8 8 8 8 to 10

Long Radar 1 1 2 2 2 to 4

Short Radar 2 2 to 4 2 to 4 4 to 6 4 to 8

Camera / Short Lidar 1 2 to 4 7 7 to 8 9 to 10

Long Lidar 0 to 1 0 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 4 4

V2X 0 to 1 0 to 1 1 1 1 to 2

GNSS 0 to 1 0 to 1 1 1 1

Total 8 to 11 13 to 20 22 to 25 25 to 30 29 to 39

Rollout Timing 2012 2016 2018 2021 > 2025


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R A D A R T R E N D S A N D O U T L O O K

Source: Radar and Wireless for Automotive market and Technology Trends 2019 by Yole

• 77 GHz LRR representing > 50% of the Radar module TAM

• Observed similar trend as the semiconductor outlook with 24 GHz ramping down and

replaced by 79GHz

• Initiative of migrating from 24 GHz to 79GHz to improve resolution and accuracy. In addition,

there is also cost leverage between 79GHz and 77 GHz.


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R A D A R S E N S O R S C H A R A C T E R I S T I C

LRR76 GHz – 77 GHz

1 GHz BW

MRR76 GHz – 77 GHz

77 GHz – 81 GHz

4 GHz BW

• Operating Freq 76 – 81 GHz

• Support up to 4GHz BW

• Simulate up to 300m

• FOV up to 80 degree

Mid-range radar

Range of 30m to 60m

Long-range radar

Range 200m Camera

Visual range of up to 500m

Short-range radar

Range of 0.2m to 30m

80◦ 60◦ 18◦ 35◦

SRR24 GHz

77 GHz – 81 GHz

4 GHz BW


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K E Y S I G H T B R I N G I N G R E A L W O R L D T E S T E N V I R O N M E N T T O L A B

Radar Target Simulator

Emulating Real World Object

Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Emulating Interference Source

Spectrum Analyzer

Enabling Signal Analysis

Victim Radar

D: distance to object

Object size

RCS (dBsm)

Dblock: distance between DUT and interference source


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F U T U R E R A D A R T O WA R D S L E V E L 5 A U T O N O M O U S D R I V I N G

Emulate dynamic real world simulation: Complex multi-target scenario simulation

Differentiate nearby objects from one to another: High resolution testing

Enable imaging radar sensor far field simulation: Cost effective ways to test imaging radar

Contrast large object: 3D elevation testing and characterization

Zero missed, ensuring all objects are accountable:

Interference mitigation



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K E Y S I G H T M U LT I TA R G E T F L E X I B L E R E M O T E H E A D R T S

-90deg.

+90deg.

DUT: Radar

76.5GHz

OR 79GHz

0deg.

Dynamic variable

distance simulator

4 – 300m

Static fixed Xm

Static fixed Ym

Dynamic variable

distance simulator

4 – 300m


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K E Y S I GH T OB J E C T M OV E M E N T GE N E R ATOR S E QU E N C E C ON T R OL

OMGenerator

➢ A standalone tool to assist user to create object movement

sequence before import to RTS SFP

➢ Option to control either distance or speed

• Auto Distance: Define object speed and time duration

and interval

• Auto Speed: Define object distance and time duration

and interval

➢ With preview graph display

Simulate moving Object

➢ Configurable sequence setting for , RCS and Doppler

➢ Sequence table will display all sequence list up to 1024

(0 to 1023 sequences)

➢ Option to use OMGenerator to create sequence list or load

from predefined text or excel spreadsheet

Sequence Control UI OMGenerator


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K E Y S I G H T M U LT I TA R G E T F L E X I B L E R E M O T E H E A D R T S

Objective of testing

❑ To differentiate two independent objects at the same

velocity but different distances and vice versa same

distances but different velocity

❑ Two flexible remote head with independent from 3m

to 300m, velocity form +/- 700Km/h and different RCS

from -20 to 40 dBsm

❑ Direct connection via WR12 waveguide or Over The

Air via horn antenna

Differentiate Nearby Object


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K E Y S I GH T M U LT I TAR GE T S I M U LAT I ON S OFTWAR E GU I

Keysight Multi Target GUI


Up to 4 Targets

LAN

Simulator1 Simulator2

Simulator3

Remote Desktop

or

Webpage service

Multi

Target

GUI

Simulator4


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DescriptionFixed distance

RTS

+ variable

distance+ Doppler + SA

+ Multi AoA

variable & fixed

distance

+ Multi AoA

variable

distance RTS

Key Features • Dual Horn

• 76-81GHz

• 4GHz BW

• 75 & 150m

• RCS

• Laser

alignment

• 4 – 300m

with 0.1m

resolution

• 0,03m

resolution

step (future

option)

• +/- 360

Km/h with

0.1Km/h

resolution

• Enable DUT

EIRP and

OBW

parallel

measureme

nt

• 3 AoA with

1x Dynamic

Scenario

2x Fixed

Distance

• 76-81GHz

with 4GHz

BW, distance

& Doppler

• Multi AoA

with

Dynamic

Scenario

• 76-81GHz

with 4GHz

BW,

distance &

Doppler

Hardware

Configuration

Core System Core system internal HW or SW upgrade Multi-Head Multi RTS

K E Y S I GH T E 8 7 1 8 A H I GH R E S OLU TI ON R TS


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K e ys i g h t ’s R a d a r Ta r g e t S i m u l a t o r

DEMO

E8718A Radar Target Simulator, 76-81GHz

, with Remote Front End


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C O S T E F F E C T I V E S I M U L AT I O N W I T H K E Y S I G H T C AT R A N E C H O I C C H A M B E R

Keysight CATR Chamber

• Operate up to 110 GHz

• Quite Zone 30cm

• Amplitude Tape 1 dB

• Amplitude Ripple < +/- 0.5 dB

• Phase Variation < 10 deg

Imaging Radar Challenges

• Parabolic reflector converts the diverging

beam into a plane-wave (far-field) beam

• DUT to be placed in the Quite Zone

• Rotation allows Azimuth characterization

• Reciprocal operation enables Tx and Rx test

• Integrated and calibrated OTA test solution

Radar

Target

Simulator

Radar DUT


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K E Y S I GH T AU TOM OT I V E I N TE R FE R E N CE TE S T S OLU T I ON

E8718A


M8195A of

E8740A-080

N9041B/N9040B

of E8740A-060

DSOS804 of

E8740A-060

Radar Rx signalRadar Tx signal

Radar

Interference

signal

Radar

DUTRadar Rx signal

using smart mixer



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• RF Regulatory Test Standards

• FCC, ETSI, TELEC, GB, and ARIB

• ETSI Regulations in Europe

• RF Regulatory test items

• Measurement Setup and Test Procedure

• ETSI Test set-up requirements

• Test signal creation

• Transmitter conformance test

• Emissions test

• Functional Test

• Signal Quality Measurement

• Receiver / Interference Test

• Test Automation Software and Test Report

A U T O M O T I V E R A D A R S TA N D A R D S A N D R E G U L AT O R Y T E S T I N G



2121

2222

2323

24

E T S I E N 3 0 1 0 9 1 F O R 7 6 ~ 7 7 G H Z



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Multiple chirps and pause• Signal repeating time: 100µs

• Duty cycle: 26%

• Modulation type: FMCW

Rate(G) 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.25 1 1 1 1

Period 5us 5us 3us 2us 2us 3us 2us 2us 2us 2us 4us 2us 2us 64us

Type ↓ ↑ stop ↓ ↓ stop ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ stop ↓ ↓ stop

E8740A-080 Automotive Signal Generation Solution

mmWave

Header



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E 8 7 4 0 A - 0 4 0 A N A LY S I S S O L U T I O N

Transmitter Conformance Requirements

• Operating Frequency range

• Mean Power (EN 301 091-1)

• Mean Power spectral density (EN 302-

264)

• Peak Power

• Unwanted emission in the out-of-band

domain

• Unwanted emission in the spurious

domain Keysight AV自駕車 x EV電動車 Seminar

29

4.3.1.2 Description (ETSI EN 303 396 [1], clause 6.2.2)

The operating frequency range is the frequency

range over which the equipment is transmitting. The

occupied frequency range of the equipment is

determined by the lowest (fL) and highest frequency

(fH) as occupied by the power envelope.

4.3.1.4 Conformance (clause 6.3.2 of ETSI EN 303 396 [1])

A spectrum analyzer with the following settings is used

as measuring receiver in the test set-up described in

clause 5:

• Resolution Bandwidth: 1 MHz

• Detector mode: RMS

• Display mode: Maxhold

E T S I E N 3 0 1 0 9 1 - 1 V 2 . 1 . 1 ( 2 0 1 7 - 0 1 ) 7 6 ~ 7 7 G H Z


30


The maximum mean power is the mean power radiated in the direction of

the maximum level under the specified conditions of measurement.

This radiated power is to be measured in the operating frequencies

ranges.

4.3.2.3 Limits

The mean power shall not be greater than the limits in table 2.

4.3.2.4 Conformance (ETSI EN 303 396 [1], clause 6.3.4)

A spectrum analyzer with the following settings is used as measuring receiver in the test set-

up described in clause 5:

• Start frequency: lower than the lower edge of the operating freq range.

• Stop frequency: higher than the upper edge of the operating freq range.

• Display mode: clear write.

• Channel Power function needs to be used to calculate average power. Boundaries for

the calculation need to be defined. This is typically the operating frequency range.

E T S I E N 3 0 1 0 9 1 - 1 V 2 . 1 . 1 ( 2 0 1 7 - 0 1 ) 7 6 ~ 7 7 G H Z


31


The radiated peak power (e.i.r.p.) is the highest instantaneous

power radiated by the equipment. It is measured in the permitted

range of operating frequencies.

4.3.3.4 Conformance (ETSI EN 303 396 [1], clause 6.3.3)

A spectrum analyzer with the following settings is used as

measuring receiver in the test set-up described in clause 5:

• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz for EUT with a frequency

sweep rate less than < 1 000 MHz/ms.

NOTE: For EUT with a higher frequency sweep rate, the RBW

has to be increased until a stable peak power reading is obtained.

• Detector mode: Peak or auto peak detector.

• Display mode: Maxhold.

• Sweep time: averaging time × number of sweep points.

The peak power to be considered is the maximum value

recorded.

E T S I E N 3 0 1 0 9 1 - 1 V 2 . 1 . 1 ( 2 0 1 7 - 0 1 ) 7 6 ~ 7 7 G H Z


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E 8 7 4 0 A A U T O M O T I V E R A D A R T E S T S O L U T I O N

Transmitter Conformance RequirementsUnwanted emission in the out-of-band domain

Unwanted emission in the spurious domain

Receiver Conformance RequirementsReceiver spurious emissions


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OOB emissions are emissions on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary

bandwidth, resulting from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.

• fC = (fL+ fH) / 2

• F1 = fC - (2,5 × (fH - fL))

• F2 = fC + (2,5 × (fH - fL))

4.3.4.3 Limits

The RMS mean power spectral density radiated in the calculated out-of-band domain

(between F1 to fL and fH to F2 band) shall not be greater than the values given in table 4.

4.3.4.4 Conformance (ETSI EN 303 396, clause 6.3.10)

• Resolution bandwidth (RBW):

• 100 kHz between 30MHz and 1 GHz.

• 1 MHz above 1 GHz.

• Detector mode:

• Quasi-peak between 30 MHz and 1 GHz.

• RMS > 1 GHz.

E T S I E N 3 0 1 0 9 1 - 1 V 2 . 1 . 1 ( 2 0 1 7 - 0 1 ) 7 6 ~ 7 7 G H Z

F1= 76.5GHz - 2.5 × 0.988GHz =73.112GHzF2 = 76.5GHz + 2.5 × 0.988GHz =78.052GHz


34

60-90 GHz

140-220 GHz

220-330 GHz

90-140 GHz

N9041B UXA

Signal

Analyzer

30MHz-60 GHz @

E8740A-090 Automotive Emission Test up to ~330GHz

Sw

itchin

g

Box


35

E8740A-090

H/W

configuration

Spurious

emission

spectrum

DC~330 GHz

X-SA

spectrum


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E8740A-040 Analysis Solution


37

F M C W S I G N A L S W E E P I N G A N A LY S I S


38

F M C H I R P S P E C T R O G R A M A N A LY S I S


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F M C H I R P L I N E A R I T Y A N A LY S I S


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E 8 7 4 0 A A U T O M O T I V E R A D A R T E S T S O L U T I O N


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… A N D W H AT D O E S T H I S M E A N F O R T E S T I N G ?

ETSI Group discussed test setup

CW

Noise

FMCW

Pulse

PMCW

OFDM

Custom waveform….

Victim Radar

A. Interferer is located at the boresight of victim radar

B. RTS is located at the boresight of victim Radar

C. RTS and interfere are located at the boresight of victim radar



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E8740A-040 Analysis Solution

KS83ST0A test S/W for ETSI


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Keysight KS83ST0A automation platform for automotive radar – transmission and emission tests works

with the KS83200A basic package to offer standards-compliant routines for testing and validation of

radar transceivers. Its automated routines simplify programming, customization and testing.

https://www.keysight.com/en/pd-3004027-pn-KS83ST0A/automation-software-for-e8740a-automotive-radar-etsi-standards?nid=-31999.1270180.00&cc=US&lc=eng

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• The Review of Automotive Radar RF Regulatory Test standard

• FCC/ETSI/TELEC/GB/ARIB

• ETSI test items and Change History

• Automotive Radar RF Regulatory Measurement Setup and Test Procedure

• Sweep time needs to be align with signal repeating time of radar signal

• Can get more constant result with trigger and time gating setting

• ETSI Test set up requirement

• How to create Automotive radar test signal

• Conformance Test and correct parameter setting

• Automotive Radar Functional Test

• Automotive Radar Signal Quality Measurement

• Receiver/Interference Test

A U T O M O T I V E R A D A R S TA N D A R D A N D R E G U L AT I O N T E S T I N G



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K E Y S I GH T AU TOM OT I V E P R OD U C T P OR T F OL I O

PNA Network

Analyzers

Banded mmW Solution

E8740A-060 Radar

Signal Analysis

E8267D PSG Vector

Signal Generator

ADS / SystemVue

Simulation SW

M8190A Arbitrary

Waveform Generator

E8708A Radar

Target Simulator

Design Development Validation & Mfg.

89600 VSA SW

with FMCW and

PMCW Signal

Studio IQTools

Signal Studio

for Pulse

Building

Signal

Source

Analyzer

E-Band Power

Sensor and

Meter

Multi-targets

E8718A RTSE8740A-080 Radar

Interference Test

Automotive Radar

CATR Chamber


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S E E A N D H E A R T H E L AT E S T A N D G R E AT E S T F R O M I N D U S T R Y E X P E R T S

Dedicated Short-Range Communications

(DSRC)/ITS-G5

5G/LTE Cellular V2X (C-V2X)

e-Call

Radar Signal Analysis

Radar Signal Generation


SystemVue Radar Simulation Library

Scienlab EV Test Solutions

Battery Test Systems

HEV/EV Power Converter

Transceiver (Tx) Compliance

Receiver (Rx) Compliance

Link Segment (Lx) Solution

Ixia Level 2-7 Network and Application Testing


49

F I N D T H E L AT E S T A N D G R E AT E S T F R O M I N D U S T R Y E X P E R T S

Automotive & Energy Solutions

Realize Your Vision Of Mobility Keysight.com/find/automotive


Keysight.com/find/automotive

Keysight.com/find/automotive

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/industries/automotive-energy/e-mobility.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/industries/automotive-energy/autonomous-driving.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/solutions/connected-car.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/industries/automotive-energy/automotive-power-electronics-test.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/cmp/2020/get-more-from-your-automotive-test-investment.html

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Thank You


Documents

Brian Su 蘇千翔 2020. 1. 13