BRGM, Orléans meeting, 17-19 June 2002 PEGASE – Pesticides in European Groundwaters : detailled study of representative Aquifers and Simulations of possible

BRGM, Orléans meeting, 17-19 June 2002BRGM, Orléans meeting, 17-19 June 2002

PEGASE – Pesticides in European Groundwaters : PEGASE – Pesticides in European Groundwaters : detailled study of representative Aquifers and detailled study of representative Aquifers and Simulations of possible Evolution scenarios Simulations of possible Evolution scenarios

(European project 2000-2003)(European project 2000-2003)

Martigny Site (Switzerland)Martigny Site (Switzerland) : : Hydrogeological ContributionHydrogeological Contribution

Dr Mahmoud BOUZELBOUDJEN, Ing. Dipl. Dr Mahmoud BOUZELBOUDJEN, Ing. Dipl.

University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland

[email protected]@unine.ch

In collaboration with Kirsten Meiwirth & Marc SoutterIn collaboration with Kirsten Meiwirth & Marc Soutter Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

and Pascal Ornstein & Jean-Daniel Rouillerand Pascal Ornstein & Jean-Daniel RouillerCentre de Recherche Alpin, Sion, Switzerland Centre de Recherche Alpin, Sion, Switzerland

Prof. André Mermoud, PEGASE Swiss Team Leader, Prof. André Mermoud, PEGASE Swiss Team Leader, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, LausanneSwiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne

mailto:[email protected]

STUDY AREASTUDY AREA

The Rhône valley alluvial aquifer in Switzerland extends over 110km and occupies a surface of 256 km2 and is of great economicimportance. Its groundwaters are easily accessible and thusexploitable at low cost.

LémanLake

Rhône river

Rhine river

Konstanz LakeSWITZERLAND

Valais canton

Porous aquifer

However, its loca-tion in a narrowvalley with intensehuman activitymakes it particu-larly vulnerablefrom both a quali-tative and quanti-tative point ofview.

Porous aquifers in Switzerland and Valais canton

1. STUDY PURPOSE (Suite)

The aim of our work is to study the Rhône aquifer at different scale and under multiple aspects that are:

1) the piezometry between Brig and Léman lake,

2) the piezometry of Martigny area and for the same region,

3) the study of piezometric time series

4) and groundwater modelling .

This study is carried out with GIS, geostatistic and groundwater models

HYDROGEOLOGICAL DATABASEHYDROGEOLOGICAL DATABASE

The creation of a spatial (Arc/Info, ArcView) and tabular database (Access) represented the first stage of work.

This database integrates relevant hydrogeologic data for the study and is subdivided into two complementary parts:

1. a spatial database incorporating various themes (e.g. soils, streams, roads, landuse, etc.) and,

2. a descriptive database including data relating to:

the underground structure (boreholes), the hydrodynamic characteristic (permeability, transmis-

sivity, storage coefficient), the piezometry (punctual and continuous measure-

ments).and some physico-chemistry parameters of the aquifer

system (Temp, pH, elect. cond.)

THE POROUS AQUIFER OF THE VALAIS CANTONTHE POROUS AQUIFER OF THE VALAIS CANTONIN THE CONTEXT OF POROUS SWISS AQUIFERSIN THE CONTEXT OF POROUS SWISS AQUIFERS

Our study area is located in the Rhône valley, which contains an important (at the Swiss scale) alluvial aquifer.

LB

V

S

C

Rhône river

B = BrigC = CrêtelongueF = FeldsbergK = Konstanz LakeL = Léman LakeV = VétrozS = Sierre Rhine river

K

F

SWITZERLAND

Valais cantonstudy area

Geneva

Porous aquifer

PiezometerNational Database

(Fig. 3) H Brig-Léman

Kriging contour map of hydraulic potentials H (high water July 1997, 1'160 values) in the aquifer of the Rhône valley from Brig to Léman Lake. The numbers indicate isovalues of estimated H in meters. The variogram of hydraulic potentials is also depicted (inset).

Experimental variogram

3-D Groundwater Pegase Model Area (~14 km2)

PIEZOMETRY 1994 - 2001 : 832 measurements stations location Piezometric measurements were taken twice every year, in July (high water) and in February (low water).

Apports latéraux

Groundwater maximal fluctuation (in meters) resulting of Rhône rising from 10 to 13 october 2000

Groundwater detph (in meters) the 16th octobre 2000

Zone réellement inondéeRupture de la digueFlooded Area

FullyD

FullyG

MAR

Rhône river and aquifer relations : examples

10/11/00

10/12/00

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tatio

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e M

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Legende :

Fu llyD | R hone Fu llyD S6L | 2m Fu llyD S8L | 27m Fu llyD S10L | 37m

10/11/00

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Legende :

Fu llyG | R hone Fu llyG S5L | 3 m Fu llyG S4L | 28 m Fu llyG S1L | 45 m

S10L

S8L

S6L Rhône

S5L

S4L

S1L

Rhône

Fully D

Fully G

Legend :

Precipitations (in black)

Rhône river (in blue)

Piezometers (in red)

Rhône river and aquifer relations

456

457

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463P

ote

ntie

l hyd

rau

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e (

m)

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Legende :

S H G N 2024 | R hone M AR 4 | 280m M AR 2 | 1800m M AR 1 | 2400m

SHGN

2024

MAR4

MAR2

MAR1

Legend :

Precipitations

(in black)

Rhône river

(in blue)

Piezometers

(in red)

Rhône river and aquifer relations

Scale 1: 25'000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 Meters

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Hydrogeological model areaModel 03 extended

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Industry

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GIS and spatial database forgroundwater modelling

Pegase's hydrogeological spatial databasecreated with the help of P. Ornstein (CREALP, Sion)

Perugia (Italy) meeting, 31 May 2001Hydrogeological Center contribution

PEGASE Swiss team leaderSwiss Federal Institute of technology

Institute of Soil and Water ManagementProf. A. Mermoud

PEGASE Swiss subcontractorUniversity of Neuchâtel - Institut of Geology

Hydrogeological Center of NeuchâtelDr M. Bouzelboudjen

PEGASE - Pesticides in European Groundwaters:detailed study of representative Aquifers andSimulations of possible Evolution scenarios

(European project 2000-2003)

An evaluation of the amount of water, resulting from precipitation, on the study area surface gives for the period 1978-1998 as average value:

10.2 °C for temperature 570 mm/year for precipitation, 430 mm/year for evapotranspiration (Turk's formula) and, 140 mm/year for the potential effective precipitation

4.1 Aquifer system structure

Globally, the alluvial aquifer in the Martigny area can be compared to a highly continuous heterogeneous single layer (thick of15-20 m) with a permeability varying between 10-2 and 10-3 m/s. The aquifer is surmounted by a thin layer (1-3m) with a permeability varying between 10-4 and 10-6 m/s. Locally the aquifer contains intercalations of low permeability material (10-6 m/s).

Results of piezometric campaigns 1994 -200 Results of piezometric campaigns 1994 -200 used for 3-D groundwater modelling used for 3-D groundwater modelling

(Feflow and FEN codes)(Feflow and FEN codes)

Piezometric measurements were taken twice every year, in July (high water) and in February (low water). The interpretation of piezometric maps shows mainly that:

the aquifer general flow is parallel to the axis of the Rhône valley

in the Martigny area the Rhône infiltrates into the alluvial aquifer,

locally the main canals have a draining effect but recharge to the aquifer from canals can occur at specific

points at low water. The influence of valleysides is reduced.

Perugia (Italy) meeting, 31 May 2001Hydrogeological Center contribution







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Crans-Montana (Switzerland) meeting, 4 April 2002Hydrogeological Center contribution







Pesticide study area

Particle tracking calculated at 6m depth

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Crans-Montana (Switzerland) meeting, 4 April 2002Hydrogeological Center contribution







Pesticide study area

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&V 365 days

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#þ Pesticide injection points



Rhône river

Particle tracking and isochrones calculatedFirst 3-D hydrodynamic model results

Variant A (Peg3D_04_RCDK53, K= 5x10-3 m/s)

N

Pesticides Study Area (~4 km2)

Fagerlund G. (dec. 2001) Chroniques piézométriques 2000 de la nappe alluviale du Rhône de Viège au Léman - Interprétations des réponses de l’aquifère face à la crue d’octobre 2000. Travail de diplôme postgrade en hydrogéologie, cycle 2000-2001, Université Neuchâtel, inédit

Fagerlund G. (février/mars 2002) Potentiels hydrauliques de la nappe alluviale du Rhône, de Sierre au lac Léman et plus particulièrement dans la région de Martigny. Stage à l’Université de Neuchâtel (du 11 février au 15 mars 2002), responsable M. Bouzelboudjen, Rapport inédit

Jaquet O., Ornstein P., Rey J.-M., Rouiller J.-D. & Bouzelboudjen M. (2000) Optimisation Géostatistique de Réseaux de Mesures Piézométriques: le Cas de la Nappe Alluviale dans la Vallée Alpine du Rhône, Suisse, Bulletin d'Hydrogéologie No 18, Centre d'Hydrogéologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Editions Peter Lang, pp.77-98

Kimmeier F., Bouzelboudjen M., Ornstein P., Weber I., Rouiller J.-D. (2001) Geohydrological parameter identification and groundwater vulnerability to pollution: A Swiss case study. 3rd International Conference on Future Groundwater Resources At Risk, Lisbon, Portugal, 16 p.,12 fig., 1 tab., 1 ann.

Kimmeier F., Bouzelboudjen M., Ababou R., Ribeiro L. (2001) Travel path uncertainty : a case study combining stochastic and deterministic hydraulic models in the Rhône valley, Switzerland. 3rd International Conference on Future Groundwater Resources At Risk, Lisbon, Portugal, 15 p., 9 fig., 1 ann.

Lambelet C. (dec. 2000) Synthèse hydrogéologique de la région de Fully. Travail de diplôme postgrade en hydrogéologie, cycle 1999-2000, Université Neuchâtel, inédit

References :

Documents

BRGM, Orléans meeting, 17-19 June 2002 PEGASE – Pesticides in European Groundwaters : detailled study of representative Aquifers and Simulations of possible