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Brent New Housing Survey 2008
2
Introductions
• James Cialdea– Computer Science, Upton MA
• Douglas Heath– Civil Engineering, Andover MA
• Ryan Lawrence– Mechanical Engineering and Business,
Somerset MA
• Anthony Richardson– Civil Engineering, Haverhill MA
3
Massachusetts WPIJames
Anthony
Doug
Ryan
4
Why We Are Here
• We are here completing our Interactive Qualifying Project (IQP) requirement– Part of the requirement for graduation from
Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI)– Gives us valuable experience working in a
professional environment
5
Outline
• Objectives
• Methods
• Findings
• Recommendations
• Acknowledgments
6
Objectives
• Research characteristics of new housing developments– Homes created within the last five years
• Specific goals were to obtain information regarding:– Household size– Overcrowding– Resident Satisfaction
7
Summary of Methods
• Postal questionnaire was distributed to all residents living in new homes– 17.3% response rate
• A cash prize draw and reminder letters were used to increase response
• Database created for quick and easy data entry
8
Postal Questionnaire
• Question Design– Easy to understand– Two page limit
• Cover Letter Design
• Address List– Over 97% of homes created in last 5 years
• Initial Mailing – March 18, 19, 20
• Reminder Letter Mailing – April 4
9
Database Design
• Used Microsoft Access
• 4 main tables for storing data
• Response entry form designed for speed
• Queries for different types of analysis
Responses Versus TimeR
esp
on
ses
per
Day
Time 10
4 April 8 April
11
Response• 4661 mailed• 98 bad addresses
•4563 recipients•17.27% response
12
Summary of Findings
• Average household size is 2.48– Affordable housing has a larger average household
size
• Recent migrants from outside UK have higher average household size
• Overcrowding has increased in new housing– Having more children increases overcrowding
• Residents are satisfied with their homes– Providing a garden or balcony improves
satisfaction
13
Average Household Size by Ownership
2.141.99
2.562.76
2.48
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Own SharedOwnership
PrivateRental
SocialRental
All
14
Household Size of Recent Migrants
Number of Responses
Avg Household Size
UK Residents of 5+ years 612 2.55Migrants within last 5 years 46 3.04
• Residents who moved to the UK within the past five years have larger household sizes– 87% confidence
15
Definition of Overcrowding
• Having more persons in a household than livable rooms– Livable rooms include large kitchens, dining rooms,
living rooms or, lounges– Livable rooms do not include bathrooms or rooms
used for storage space
• Having more persons in a household than bedrooms
• We chose the first definition in our project
16
Overcrowding in 2001 and 2008
69%
91%
27%
5% 4% 4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Less than 1 1 to 1.5 1.5 or More
2008 Survey Data
2001 Brent CensusData
17
Overcrowding by Ownership Type
14.08%
2.11%
22.12%
1.92%
26.63%
5.03%
31.25%
5.47%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
Owned SharedOwnership
SocialRental
PrivateRental
Overcrowded Severely
16.19%
24.04%
31.66%
36.72%
18
0.60
0.82
1.05
1.31
1.50
1.78
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 or moreNumber of Children
Av
era
ge
Per
son
s P
er
Ro
om
Overcrowding with Children
19
Satisfaction with Number of Rooms
20
Amenity Space Satisfaction
21
Extra Amenity Space Satisfaction
22
Summary of Recommendations
• Provide more amenity space in future developments
• Increase the size of homes in new developments
• Conduct further research in the areas of:– Overcrowding– Migrant household trends
• Surveying recommendations:– Ensure adequate time– Use reminder letters– Use cash incentives
23
Provide More Amenity Space in New Housing
• Our data show that having a garden increases resident satisfaction– Whether garden is private or communal
does not matter
• Providing a balcony or patio also improves satisfaction– Could be used in areas with limited space
24
New Homes Need to Be Larger
• 27% of newly developed homes are overcrowded
• Many overcrowded homes have children in them– We support LDF suggestion of changing the
definition of family sized housing from two or more bedrooms to three or more
25
Investigate the Effects of Overcrowding
• Satisfaction is not decreased in overcrowded homes
• Investigate other possible negative consequences of overcrowding– Spread of disease and negative effects on
education
• Look into standardizing the definition of overcrowding
26
Investigate Migrant Household Trends
• Our data show with 87% confidence that recent migrants have larger household sizes
• Investigate:– Why?– Characteristics of housing developments
migrants move to– Causes for migration
27
Surveying Recommendations
• Ensure adequate time is available– Time constraints limited what we could do
• Short questionnaire– Residents are more likely to fill out a
questionnaire if it will not take long
• Use reminder letters– Response rate increased after reminder
letter was mailed
• Use cash incentives
28
Acknowledgements• Michael Maguire• Ken Hullock• Amy Tyler-Jones• Ben Martin• Business Administration office• Alisdair Maclean• Post Room• Our WPI advisors• Everyone else for your hospitality and support
Questions?