Breastfeeding 1

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BreastfeedingRaymund Christopher R. dela Peña, RN, RM, MANUNP-College of Nursing

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Anatomy and Physiology of Breasts





Breasts– Also known as Mammary glands– Composed of glandular tissue and fat cells

• Basic Components of the Breasts– Lactocyte– Alveoli– Lactiferous Ducts – Areola



Hormones:• Prolactin – stimulates the

breasts to develop in preparation for lactation.–causes alveoli to take nutrients

(proteins, sugars) from the blood supply and turn them into breast milk.



• Oxytocin - causes the cells around the alveoli to contract and eject the milk down the Lactiferous ducts.

• Let-Down Reflex - passing of the milk down the ducts –Can also be triggered by the sound

of a baby crying or by thinking about the baby.



Colostrum• usually present until after the fifth or sixth

month of pregnancy• Appears after 3-4 days post partum• Antibody-rich yellow fluid • High in protein and low in fat and sugar• Protein content is three times higher than

mature milk





• Fore Milk - the first milk the baby receives– thin and watery with a light blue tinge. – largely water needed to satisfy your baby’s

thirst.

• Hind Milk – “New Milk”– Formed after the let-down reflex.– Higher in fat than fore milk.– Makes a breast-fed infant grow most rapidly





Advantages• B - est for baby• R - educes incidence of

allergies• E - conomical• A - ntibodies• S - tool, easy passage• T- emperature is always ideal



• F- resh• E - motionally bonding• E - asy once established• D - igested easily (2-3 hours)• I - mmediately available• N - utritionally optimum• G - astroenteritis reduced



B - est for baby• Provides numerous health benefits to both

mother and the infant• Ideal nutritional source for infants through

the first year of life• Designed by nature to meet the needs of

the human infant up to 4-6mos.



R - educes incidence of allergies

•Does not contain Albumin / B - Lactoglobulin



E - conomical• Available anytime, always

ready at the right amount• Is pure and clean



A - ntibodies• Has lactobacillus acidophillus – prevents

growth of bacteria in the stomach.• Lactoferrin – iron binding protein which

interferes with the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

• Lysozyme - actively destroys bacteria• Leukocytes – provide protection against

common respiratory infectious invaders.• Macrophages – phagocytes



• Interferon – produced by Macrophages– Interferes with virus growth

• Bifidus Factor – growth-promoting factor for the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus Bifidus.– Interferes with the colonization of pathogenic

bacteria in the GI tract.• Immunoglobin A - found in areas of the

body such the nose, breathing passages, digestive tract, ears, eyes, and vagina. – protect body surfaces that are exposed to

outside foreign substances.



S - tool, easy passage



E - motionally bonding

• Psychologic value of closeness and satisfaction in beginning of mother-child relationship



N - utritionally optimum

• Energy – contains more Linoleic acid – essential fatty acids for skin integrity, necessary for growth.

• Fat – fatty acids of human milk, less saturated and less bound – easily absorbed by the infant

• Protein – Lactalbumin – rapidly digested and easily absorbed by the infant– Favors rapid brain growth in the early months



• Carbohydrate – Lactose – 40%; an easily digested sugar that provides ready glucose for rapid brain growth.–Favors absorption of Calcium,

Magnesium, amino acids and Nitrogen retention.

–Only source of Galactose – necessary for formation of myelin sheath, essential to nerve function.





• Minerals – 33mg of Ca/100mL of human milk; retains 2/3 of thjis amount and the rest is excreted.

• Vitamins – Higher than in cow’s milk.



Disadvantages:• K -vitamin K deficiency in breast-

milk • I – nfection transmission risk eg

HIV • D - rugs excreted in milk • S - tressful and tiring for mother



Adequate• Wets 6-8 diapers/day; gaining weight

• Full Breast Feeding – average of 8-10 feedings in 24hrs. (6-8 feedings at daytime and at least 1-2 feedings at night.)



Contraindications• Maternal Factors

– Active PTB– Chronic Cardiac Problem– HIV/Hepatitis Infection– Active Herpes Lesions on the Breast– Psychosis– Use of drugs– Pregnancy – Sever Malnutrition



• Infant Conditions–Cleft Lip/Palate–Facial Paralysisa–Galactosemia, Phenlyketonuria and Lactose intolerance





Nursing Positions• Cradle Hold – Sitting upright, place baby’s

body on his side across the lap, facing the mother. Make mom support the baby’s head in the crook of her elbow with forearm. The baby’s knees are underneath the other breast. The infant’s head, back and legs should all be in a straight line.



• Cross-Cradle Hold – Similar to the cradle hold but the mother uses her opposite arm to hold him, supporting his head with her open hand.

• Football hold – Tuck baby under the arm holding his head and neck in her hand, feet extending toward her back.

• Side Lying – the mother and the baby lie on their side facing each other.




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Breastfeeding 1