Breaking the Binary

7/30/2019 Breaking the Binary

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Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j

Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Lproc 8><1

O` akcclhkrltok` wotb O`Qojbt lt laoa Akeeuòty Wf`turfs# tbf Oòtoltovf kr Xfspk`sohcf

O`vfstef`t lt tbf Blusfr Af`tfr kr @k`prkt Krjlòzltok`s lt Blrvlrm Vòvfrsoty# l`m QI Jrkup

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QKAOLC F@]XF^XF@FVXQBO^



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© 8><1 Qabwlh Gku`mltok` kr QkaolcF`trfprf`fursbop Lcc rojbts rfsfrvfm

8 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`



1Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Ak`tf`ts Gkrfwkrm

1 Gkrfwkrm

6 Bkw tk Xflm ]bos Xfpkrt

: L Grlefwkri kr Jkvfrèf`t Latok`

<> O`mfx tk ^kcoay Alsf Qtumofs

6< Qkaolc O``kvltok` Ekmfcs Fxpclo`fm

61 O`mfx tk Qkaolc F`tfrprosf AlsfQtumofs

:6 Lai`kwcfmjfef`ts

Ey bushl`m Iclus Qabwlh l`m O stlrtfm tbf Qabwlh Gku`mltok`kr Qkaolc F`trfprf`fursbop kvfr l mfalmf ljk hfalusf# lctbkujbtbf Zkrcm Fak`keoa Gkrue blm f`jljfm cflmfrs rke trlmotok`lcaovoc skaofty krjlòzltok`s kr el`y yflrs# wf sf`sfm tblt l

mostoàt# ekrf f`trfprf`furolc lpprklab tk lccfvolto`j prkhcfeslsskaoltfm wotb pkvfrty wls hfjo`ò`j tk tlif bkcm. Zf slw l`fw jf`frltok` k skaolc f`trfprf`furs# ktf` wfcc fmualtfm# skefwotb prkeoso`j provltf%sfatkr alrffrs# wbk wfrf fxpfroef`to`jwotb huso`fss ekmfcs# o``kvlto`j `fw mostrohutok` l`m rfpcoaltokèftbkms# l`m bkcmo`j tbfesfcvfs laaku`tlhcf kr rfsucts.

]kk ktf`# bkwfvfr# fspfaolccy o tbksf flrcy yflrs# tbfy wkrifm orfcltovf khsauroty o` tbfor bkef aku`trofs. Ktf` tbfy blm trkuhcflaafsso`j bojb%cfvfc mfaosok`%elifrs wbk akucm bfcp tbfe salcftbfor fkrts# l`m tbfy wfrf rfquf`tcy eosu`mfrstkkm hy tbf prfssl`m tbf jf`frlc puhcoa# wbk vofwfm tbfe ls trlmotok`lc ablrotofs.

]k abl`jf tbos# tbf Qabwlh Gku`mltok` wkrifm wotb efmolakeplòfs l`m wotb sflrab l`m sfcfatok` plrt`frs o` flrcy=> aku`trofs# bkcmo`j l`ùlc –Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur k tbf _flr―akepftotok`s tk rlosf lwlrf`fss lhkut tbf akàfpt k skaolcf`trfprf fursbop l`m# kr tbf wo``frs# prkvomo`j u`plrlccfcfmvosohocoty l`m rfakjòtok` lek`j lcc plrtoaopl`ts k Zkrcm Fak`keoaGkrue fvf`ts. Zf aurrf`tcy blvf flrcy 86> skaolc f`tfrprosfs rke7> aku`trofs o` tbf Qabwlh Gku`mltok` akeeuòty# wkrio`j k`fvfrytbo`j rke rf`fwlhcf f`frjy l`m slòtltok` tk dkh trloò`j l`mlaafss tk bojbfr fmualtok`.

]kmly tbf sotultok` os f`torfcy mofrf`t. Qkaolc o``kvltok` os roso`j tktbf tkp k tbf o`tfr`ltok`lc ljf`ml. ]bf mousok` k prkvf` ekmfcsl`m pkcoay fxpfroef`tltok` larkss tbf jckhf os laafcfrlto`j. ]bfZkrcm Fak`keoa Gkrue l`m tbf Qabwlh Gku`mltok` lrf rfjuclrcyak`tlatfm hy jkvfrèf`ts l`m clrjf akrpkrltok`s tblt wl`t tkcflr` rke tbf skaolc f`tfrprosf ekmfcs o` kur `ftwkri l`m tku`mfrstl`m wblt pkcoay f`vorkèf`ts l`m plrt`frsbop struaturfslrf ekst ak`muaovf tk clsto`j suaafss.

]blt os prfaosfcy wby tbos juomf os sk toefcy. O al` lttfst rkeaku`tcfss pfrsk`lc ak`vfrsltok`s tblt tbfrf os trfef`mkus jckhlco`tfrfst lek`j pkcoay%elifrs lt tbf bojbfst cfvfcs tk hfttfru`mfrstl`m skaolc o``kvltok` l`m bkw ot al` hf urturfm rkel pkcoay pfrspfatovf. ]bos juomf loes tk l`swfr hktb k tbfsfqufstok`s.

Zbocf tbos juomf prfsf`ts l hrklm sft k pkcoay tkkcs krjkvfrèf`ts tk ak`somfr ls tbfor aorauestl afs moatltf# skaolco``kvltok` os u`mlef`tlccy lhkut abl`jo`j kur vlcuf systfesl`m kur eo`msfts. @k so`jcf sfatkr k skaofty bls tbf lhocoty

tk skcvf tkmly‟s akepcfx# urjf`t ablccf`jfs# wboab os wby tbfeuctostlifbkcmfr akcclhkrltok` tblt bls hff` lt tbf bflrt k tbfZkrcm Fak`keoa Gkrue‟s eossok` kr kvfr => yflrs os `ffmfm ekrftbl` fvfr.

Lcc aotozf`s ‑ fspfaolccy tbf yku`jfr jf`frltok` ‑ ffm tk ffcfepkwfrfm l`m oàf`tovozfm tk lppcy tbfor tlcf`ts l`m arfltovotytk jf`frltf ekrf oàcusovf# sustlo`lhcf jrkwtb. Jkvfrèf`tslck`f al``kt skcvf skaolc prkhcfes# `kr al` tbf provltf sfatkr#mfspotf tbfor rfspfatovf rfskurafs l`m alplhocotofs. Hut wf al`lcc akcclhkrltf tk omf`toy# urturf l`m salcf ekmfcs tblt blvf tbfjrfltfst prkeosf tk trl`skre kppkrtuòtofs l`m covfcobkkms krhoccok`s k oepkvfrosbfm kr vuc`frlhcf buel` hfo`js.

O bkpf tblt yku wocc dko` us o` tbos trl`skreltok`.

Bocmf QabwlhAblor l`mAk%Gku`mfr# QabwlhGku`mltok` kr QkaolcF`trfprf`fursbop



= Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`




Bkw tk Xflm ]bos Xfpkrt

Mk wf rflccy dust blvf ho`lry abkoafs

‑ hftwff` puhcoa kr provltf prkvosok`k fmualtok`# bflctb l`m ktbfr skaolc

sfrvoafs9 hftwff` ablrotofs l`m lom

ljfàofs kausfm k`cy k` morf `ffms kr

akrpkrltok`s kausfm k`cy k` elxoeozo`j

prkts9 hftwff` o`vfstkrs wbk al`

abkksf k`cy tk elxoeozf tbfor rftur`s

kr elif pbocl`tbrkpoa mk`ltok`s; Os

tbfrf l eommcf wly; Os tbfrf l ekmfc

tblt fehrlafs tbf `làolc mosaopco`fsk elrift alpotlcose hut lcsk prkvomfs

kppkrtuòty l`m suppkrt kr tbf

vuc`frlhcf# tbf mospkssfssfm l`m tbf

mkw`rojbt u`krtu`ltf;

]bfrf os. Qkaolc f`tfrprosfs hlclàf l

skaolc eossok` wotb `làolc volhocoty l`m

sustlo`lhocoty# fxosto`j hftwff` tbf puhcoa

sfatkr l`m provltf elrifts o` hktb tbfmfvfckpfm l`m mfvfckpo`j wkrcm. Zf

`ffm tk u`cflsb l wbkcf `fw wlvf k

skaolc f`trfprf`furs l`m bfcp fxosto`j

ekmfcs wotb prkvf` oeplat jrkw tk salcf

euab ekrf ffatovfcy. O wf jft tbos rojbt#

tbf fak`keoa bostkrol`s k tbf uturf

wocc ckki lt tbos jf`frltok` k cflmfrs

l`m hf jrltfuc. ]bfy tkki tbf rosi l`m

trl`skrefm tbf prfvloco`j ekmfc. ]bfybfcpfm arfltf l wkrcm tblt f`roabfm tbf

el`y l`m `kt dust tbf fw.

@oai K‟Mk`kbkf# AFK# Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc# VI9 Woaf Ablor k tbfJckhlc Ljf`ml Akuàoc k` Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok` os o`tf`mfm tk lmm l pfrspfatovf tk tbf jckhlc ak`vfrsltok` lcrflmyu`mfr wly lhkut bkw wf ekvf hfyk`m ho`lry abkoafs o` arlto`jrfspk`sfs tk skaolc# fak`keoa# l`m f`vorkèf tlc ablccf`jfs.Gu`mlef`tlccy# ot os lhkut cfvfrljo`j provltf f`tfrprosf l`m alpotlckr puhcoa hf`ft.

Zf rffr tk tbos ls skaolc o``kvltok`# wboab wf mf`f ls –tbflppcoaltok` k o``kvltovf# prlatoalc# sustlo`lhcf# huso`fss%coiflpprklabfs tblt labofvf pksotovf skaolc l`m+kr f`vorkèf`tlcabl`jf# wotb l` fepblsos k` ckw%oàkef kr u`mfrsfrvfmpkpucltok`s.― L`m wbocf skaolc f`tfrprosfs mk kt bkcm l ek`kpkcyk` skaolc o``kvltok`# tbfy lrf l arotoalc hut u`mfr%utocozfm plrt k tbfskaolc o``kvltok` faksystfe.

]bfrf lrf el`y rflsk`s kr tbos# hut abof lek`j tbfe os tblt kuraurrf`t fak`keoa systfe os mfsoj`fm tk stoeucltf jrkwtb tbrkujb

l elrift efablòse tblt bostkroalccy abl``fcs o`vfstef`t alpotlchlsfm k`cy k` `làolc rfsucts# wbocf jkvfrèf`t sffis tk lmmrfsselrift locurf tbrkujb spf`mo`j l`m lom. Ls fotbfr ak`vf`tok`lchuso`fssfs kr trlmotok`lc ablrotofs# skaolc f`tfrprosfs hcurfxosto`j hku`mlrofs l`m –lcc tbrkujb tbf arlais― k fxosto`j pkcoayrlefwkris# krao j tbfe tk `lvojltf l euctotumf k ablccf`jfslck`j tbfor pltb tk salcf.

Zblt skrt k ablccf`jfs mk skaolc f`tfrprosfs laf l`m wby ossalco`j tbfe sk moauct; Akrpkrltf cfjlc kres mk kt rfakjòzfmulc%purpksf huso`fss ekmfcs# kr fxlepcf# l`m tlx systfesrlrfcy mosto`juosb hftwff` akepl ofs tblt hf`ft skaofty l`m tbff`vorkèf t l`m tbksf tblt mleljf ot. Xfjucltok` os mfsoj`fmtk prktfat o`vfstkrs rke fxafssovf `làolc rosis hut fvfr

rfakjòzfs tblt tbfor mfaosok`s ely hf o`gufàfm hy l mfsorf tksffi pksotovf skaolc kr f`vorkèf tlc oeplat.

Kvfrakeo`j tbfsf ablccf`jfs os votlc tk ekvo`j hfyk`m tbfjkkmwocc k o`movomulcs l`m mfcovfro`j k` skaolc f`trfprf`fursbop‟sprkeosf ls l sfatkr# l`m wfcc%mfsoj`fm pkcoay tkkcs l`m oàf`tovfsacflrcy sfrvf ls tbf ku`mltok`. ]bf faksystfe tblt wocc suppkrtl`m stoeucltf tbf jrkwtb l`m mfvfckpef`t k skaolc f`tfrprosfsl`m tbf `làolc o`rlstruaturf tblt wocc u`m tbfor rfpcoaltok` l`msalcf wocc kt dust blppf` wotbkut altlcytoa pkcoay suppkrt.

Qk wblt rkcf al` l`m sbkucm jkvfrèf`t pcly tk altlcysf skaolco``kvltok`; ]bf rst sfatok` k tbos rfpkrt lttfepts tk l`swfrtblt qufstok`# lrtoauclto`j l rlefwkri kr arfmohcf# rflcostoa pkcoay

latok` tblt jkvfrèf`ts al` tlif tk tur` skaolc f`trfprf fursbopo`tk l eldkr kraf kr o``kvltok`. Xfakjòzo`j tblt l –k`f sozf tslcc― lpprklab mkfs `kt wkri kr aku`trofs l`m rfjok`s o` mofrf`tstljfs k mfvfckpef t# wotb vlstcy mofrf`t skaolc prkhcfes# tbfrlefwkri mkfs kt loe tk hf prfsaroptovf. O` ktbfr wkrms# tbf soxhrklm stfps lrf l`lckjkus tk tbf –pofafs k tbf puzzcf― fafsslrykr skaolc o``kvltok` tk gkurosb# wbocf tbf alsf fxlepcfs u`mfrflab k`f lrf lio` tk l –efù k f`lhco`j tkkcs― tblt pkcoay%elifrsal` abkksf rke l`m lmlpt ls tbfor aorauestlàfs moatltf.

O` lmmotok` tk alsf stumofs o` tbf VQ# VI# l`m Lustrlcol# wfprkcf fkrts u`mfr wly o` Qf`fjlc# Akckehol# O`mol# Abo`l# l`mfcsfwbfrf. ]bf lat tblt tbfrf os sk euab pkcoay fxpfroef`tltokù`mfr wly lrku`m tbf wkrcm os l sojòal`t o`moaltkr k krwlrmekef`tue o` k`cy l fw sbkrt yflrs. Lt tbf slef toef# hfalusftbf pkcoaofs l`m o`stotutok`s prkcfm o` tbos juomf lrf rfcltovfcyyku`j# tbfy blvf coeotfm trlai rfakrms k` wboab tk fvlcultf




suaafss kr locurf. Zf sbkucm# tbfrfkrf# fepblsozf tblt lctbkujbtbfsf pkcoaofs bkcm trfef`mkus prkeosf# wf lrf kt lssfrto`j tblttbfy rfprfsf`t hfst prlatoaf# ls wf soepcy mk kt blvf f`kujbmltl tk elif l`y akàcusok`s rfjlrmo`j pfrkrelàf.

Xltbfr# tbf alsf stumofs sbkucm hf o`tfrprftfm ls prkk pko`tsk wblt wf sff ls l acflrcy fefrjo`j jckhlc trf`m4 jkvfrèf`tslrf oàrflso jcy fxpfroef`to`j wotb wlys tk blr`fss tbf pkwfr k eossok`%mrovf` provltf f`tfrprosfs tk arfltf puhcoa jkkm. uhcoa

sfatkr o``kvltok` os l ck`j l`m lrmukus prkafss# hut ot os l arotoalcf`lhcfr tk f`blàf l`m salcf tbf oeplat k skaolc o``kvltokèkmfcs pok`ffro`j skcutok`s tk el`y k tbf ekst f`trfàbfmskaolc l`m f`vorkèf`tlc prkhcfes wf laf tkmly. Kur bkpf os tblttbfsf alsfs kt k`cy prkvomf l akeprfbf sovf s`lpsbkt k wbfrftbf pkcoay rk`tofrs cof tkmly hut lcsk tblt tbfy stoeucltf l hrklmfrmfhltf lhkut bkw euab lrtbfr wf al` ekvf tbf `ffmcf o` tbfek`tbs l`m yflrs tk akef.

Gkr tbksf wbk lrf leocolr wotb tbf proàopcfs k skaolcf`trfprf`fursbop# tbf vlcuf tbfy arfltf kr skaofty lrf khvokus#l`m tbf alsf kr fàkurljo`j ekrf k tbos io`m k f`tfrprosfmfvfckpef t os o`tuotovf. Hut kr tbf eldkroty k pfkpcf wbk blvfbflrm tbfsf tfres tbrkw` lrku`m o` el`y mofrf`t ak`tfxts l`m

sotultok`s# tbf sojòalàf eojbt stocc hf uàcflr.

Gkr tblt rflsk`# tbf sfak`m sfatok` k tbos juomf prkcfscflmo`j skaolc f`tfrprosfs o` tbf Qabwlh Gku`mltok` ftwkri wkrio`j o` spfaoa mkelo`s4 fmualtok`# bflctb# fepckyef t#urhl` mfvfckpef`t l`m rurlc mfvfckpef`t. O` prkco`j prkvf`skaolc o``kvltok` ekmfcs# kur loe os tk sbkwalsf tbf rflcotofsk skaolc f`tfrprosfs# hro`j tbf lhstrlat akàfpts k –skaolcf`trfprf`fursbop― l`m –skaolc o``kvltok`― tk cof# l`m o`sporf tbf`fxt jf`frltok` k skaolc f`trfprf`furs tk huocm k k tbfsf ekmfcsl`m lppcy tbfe tk mofrf`t prkhcfes kr aucturlc ak`tfxts.

Gkr pkcoay%elifrs# tkk# wf bkpf tblt tbf skaolc o``kvltok` ekmfcsprkcfm o` tbf sfak`m sfatok` mfek`strltf bkw skaolc f`tfrprosfskaaupy tbf jrfy splaf hftwff` jkvfrèf`ts l`m elrifts#bkw tbfy mfcovfr prkmuats l`m sfrvoafs tblt cflm tk oeprkvfmkutakefs kr pkkr pfkpcf# l`m tbus wby ot os o` tbf kvfrwbfceo`jpuhcoa o`tfrfst tk fàkurljf tbf jrkwtb k tbfsf ekmfcs tbrkujblpprkproltf pkcoay tkkcs.

Grke kur pko`t k vofw# tbf trf`m co`fs lrf fxtrfefcy fàkurljo`j.

L ak`gufàf k latkrs ‑ oàcumo j rfmuafm jkvfrèf`tfxpf`moturf# l jrfltfr fepblsos k` fvomfàf%hlsfm o`tfrvf`tok`s#jrkwo`j ak`saokus`fss lek`j o`vfstkrs# l`m l fw jf`frltok`k tlcf`tfm skaolc f`trfprf`furs wbk lrf pusbo`j hku`mlrofsl`m mfvfckpo`j mosruptovf skcutok`s ‑ lcc pko`t tk l wo`mkwk kppkrtuòty tblt al``kt l`m sbkucm kt hf eossfm. ]bfrfos l jrfltfr kpf``fss kr arkss%sfatkr molckjuf l`m krfxpfroef`tltok` wotb fw lpprklabfs tbl` lt l`y toef o` rfaf`tefekry.

Zf bkpf tbos juomf bfcps tk lmvlàf tbf mfhltf hfyk`m l jf`frlcrfakjòtok` tblt pkcoay abl`jf os l `fafsslry o`jrfmof`t kroàcusovf jrkwtb l`m stoeucltfs rkhust ltok`lc mosaussok`s lhkutakàrftf stfps tblt jkvfrèf`ts l`m pkcoay o`stotutok`s al` tlif tk

laafcfrltf tbf o``kvltok` lcrflmy hfjo`ò j tk tlif rkkt.



:Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

L Grlefwkri kr Jkvfrèf`t Latok`

O`trkmuatok`

ûhcoa pkcoay%elifrs pcly l` oepkrtl`t rkcf o` prkekto`j skaolc

o``kvltok`. ]bfy al` suppkrt kr plrt`fr wotb tbf typfs k skaolcf`tfrprosf ekmfcs bojbcojbtfm o` tbf sfak`m sfatok` k tbos rfpkrt#l`m tbfy al` lcsk f`lhcf tbf mfvfckpef`t k oeplat o`vfsto`jstrltfjofs tblt abl``fc provltf alpotlc tk arfltf eflsurlhcf skaolcl`m f`vorkèf`tlc hf`fts.

Jkvfrèf`t bls l arotoalc stlif o` `fw huso`fss ekmfcs tbltprkvomf puhcoa hf`fts. Ls l rfsuct# jkvfrèf`t os skeftoefs l`flrcy prkvomfr k rfskurafs tk fw f`tfrprosfs tbrkujb jrl`ts l`mo`vfstef`ts kr l austkefr tbrkujb tbf prkaurfef`t prkafss. L`mkr tbf o`tfrefmolrofs l`m o`rlstruaturf k` wboab skaolc f`tfrprosfsmfpf`m# jkvfrèf`t al` prkvomf stlhocoty kr `lsaf`t elrifts.^kcoay%elifrs ely sff tbfsf `fw elrifts ls l wly tk cfvfrljfl`m elxoeozf coeotfm rfskurafs l`m tk mfcovfr puhcoa sfrvoafs ls

faof`tcy ls pkssohcf. Hut tbos wkri rfquorfs acksf akkrmo`ltok`hftwff` puhcoa# provltf l`m aovoc skaofty stlifbkcmfrs tk ekvf rkepkcoay jklcs tk prlatoalc rfsucts# wboab al` hf akepcfx.

]bos juomf kutco`fs l sft k <8 alsf stumofs o` <> mofrf`t aku`trofso` wboab pkcoaofs blvf hff` f`latfm tk suppkrt tbf mfvfckpef`tk skaolc f`tfrprosf l`m rfcltfm oeplat o`vfstef`ts "lcsk rffrrfmtk ls skaolc o`vfstef`t/. ]bfsf alsfs lrf krjlòzfm u`mfr lrlefwkri tblt bojbcojbts tbf rl`jf k lpprklabfs kr suabpkcoaofs# bfrfo` alccfm tbf Grlefwkri kr Jkvfrèf`t Latok`. ]bf Grlefwkri# l`m akrrfspk`mo`j alsfs# os o`tf`mfm tk prkvomfacflr f`try pko`ts kr pkcoay%elifrs o`tfrfstfm o` mfvfckpo`jkppkrtuòtofs kr skaolc f`tfrprosf o` tbfor kw` pkcotoalc# aucturlc l`mfak`keoa ak`tfxts.

Zbocf pkcoay os kt tbf k`cy skcutok` tk hkcstfr tbos fefrjo`j sfatkr#ot al` pcly l altlcytoa rkcf o` ekhocozo`j ffatovf rfskurafs tk huocm lsuppkrtovf systfe# fàkurljf o``kvltok` l`m f`surf tbf ffatovfmfcovfry k puhcoa hf`ft.

]bf Alsf Qtumofs

]bfsf <8 pkcoay s`lpsbkts ‑ mrlw` rke Lroal# Lsol# Lustrlcol#

Furkpf# @krtb Lefroal l`m Qkutb Lefroal ‑ sblrf tbf fxpcoaotkhdfatovf k f`jljo`j tbf provltf sfatkr tk lmmrfss skaolc l`mf`vorkèf tlc ablccf`jfs. ]bfy occustrltf tbf rl`jf k latok`s tbltjkvfrèf`t al` tlif ls l elrift altlcyst# oàcumo`j o`vfsto`jmorfatcy o` skaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m o`tfrefmolrofs lck`jsomf provltfo`vfstkrs9 prkvomo`j rfskurafs kr alplaoty huocmo`j l`m tfabòalclssostlàf9 lato`j ls l af`trlc buh kr prkjrleef lmeoòstrltok`l`m stlifbkcmfr ak`vfò`j9 l`m sftto`j tbf rucfs k tbf jleftbrkujb tlx l`m ktbfr rfjucltkry pkcoaofs.

]bf pkcoaofs o` tbos rfpkrt wfrf sfcfatfm kr oàcusok` hfalusf tbfytlrjft skaolc f`tfrprosf l`m oeplat o`vfsto`j morfatcy. ]bf aurrf`tlhu`mlàf k pkcoay fxpfroef`tltok`# prkvomo`j l rl`jf k kptok`srke wboab tk abkksf# o`moaltfs sojòal`t krwlrm ekef`tueo` rfaf`t yflrs. Hut hfalusf tbf pkcoaofs loe tk mfvfckp tbfsf

fefrjo`j fcms# tbfy lrf lcsk rfcltovfcy rfaf`t wotb coeotfmpfrkrelàf trlai rfakrms k` wboab tk fvlcultf suaafss kr locurf.

]bf pkcoaofs sbkucm tbfrfkrf hf ak`somfrfm o`moaltovf k oàrflso jjkvfrèf`tlc fkrts tk blr`fss tbf pkwfr k provltf f`tfrprosfkr puhcoa jkkm# hut tbfy lrf `fotbfr tbf k`cy skcutok`s lvloclhcf tkpkcoay%elifrs kr fafsslrocy tbf hfst skcutok`s. Gkr el`y k tbfpkcoaofs# tbfrf os soepcy kt f`kujb mltl tk elif l`y lssfrtok`srfjlrmo j pfrkrelàf# lctbkujb tblt wls kt tbf jklc.

Ot os oepkrtl`t tk `ktf tblt tbf pkcoay s`lpsbkts fehrlaf l hrklmakàfptok` k skaolc f`tfrprosf l`m f`trfprf`fursbop. K` l ckalc kr`ltok`lc cfvfc# tbf latovoty k skaolc f`tfrprosf al` oàcumf l`ytbo`jrke tbf mfcovfry k skaolccy%hf`faolc jkkms kr sfrvoafs# tk l`kpfrltok`lc strltfjy jrku`mfm o` skaolc purpksf hy hfo`j ckaltfm

o`# boro`j rke# kr ktbfrwosf f`jljo`j wotb moslmvl`tljfm lrfls.

Kw`frsbop struaturf l`m akrpkrltf kre lrf lcsk mosto`juosbo`jflturfs k skaolc f`tfrprosf o` skef pclafs. L`m wbocf tbfs`lpsbkts mk kt oàcumf l spfaoa fxlepcf k l` o``kvltok` oàkrpkrltf kre# suab ls Akeeuòty O`vfstef`t Akeplòfs o` tbfVòtfm Io`jmke kr Hf`ft Akrpkrltok s o` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs# ot osl` lrfl k fefrjo`j pkcoay o`tfrfst# lchfot ekrf spfaoa tk aku`tryak`tfxt.

< ]bfsf pkcoaofs l`m latok`s wfrf kutco`fm o` tbf 8><< rfpkrt f`totcfm Oeplat O`vfsto`j4 L Grlefwkri kr ^kcoay Mfsoj` l`m L`lcysos. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.plaoaakeeuòtyvf`turfs.krj+rfpkrts%l`m%puhcoaltok`s+oeplat%o`vfsto`j%l%rlefwkri%kr%pkcoay%mfsoj %l`m%l`lcysos+.




Qox kcoay Mrovfrs k Qkaolc O``kvltok`

]lif` tkjftbfr# tbf <8 fxlepcfs lrf o`tf`mfm tk prkvomf rflmfrswotb f`try pko`ts o`tk tbf pkcoay prkafss kr mfvfckpo`j skaolcf`tfrprosf lt lcc stljfs ‑ rke omfl tk oepcfef`tltok`.

]bf alsfs lrf vlculhcf o` tbfor kw` rojbt ls wo mkws o`tk tbfmfmoaltfm fkrts k jkvfrèf`t tk suppkrt skaolc o``kvltok`.Bkwfvfr tbf Grlefwkri kr Jkvfrèf`t Latok` lcsk coìs tbf<8 alsfs tkjftbfr tk ckki hfyk`m tbf bostkroalc# pkcotoalc# skaolcl`m fak`keoa plrtoauclrotofs k tbf so`jcf aku`try o` wboab flab osjrku`mfm. O` tbos wly# flab pkcoay bojbcojbts l u`mlef`tlc rkcf o`tbf auctovltok` k skaolc f`tfrprosf l`m o``kvltok` ‑ rke omf`toyo`jskaolc o``kvltok` tbrkujb stlifbkcmfr f`jljfef`t# tk mfvfckpo`jalplaoty kr puhcoa%provltf oòtoltovfs# tk lttrlato`j provltfo`vfstef`t kr puhcoa hf`ft l`m prkvomo`j tfabòalc suppkrt tbltbfcps elif f`tfrprosfs o`vfstlhcf.

]bf Grlefwkri kr Jkvfrèf`t Latok` oàcumfs sox fcfef`tsk puhcoa fkrt tk hkcstfr skaolc f`tfrprosfs# oàkrpkrlto`j lsfquf`tolc ckjoa tblt ely hf bfcpuc tk rflmfrs. Bkwfvfr# o`prlatoaf tbf o`tfrlatok` hftwff` stljfs k pkcoay mfvfckpef`t

os euctomorfatok`lc# suab tblt rflmfrs sbkucm ak`somfr flab k` otskw` efrots l`m laakrmo`j tk ots lppcoalhocoty tk tbfor kw` aku`tryak`tfxt.

F`jljf Elrift Qtlifbkcmfrs

Qkaolc f`tfrprosf arkssfs el`y sfatkrs# o`mustrofs l`mhurfluarlaofs9 l aruaolc rkcf jkvfrèf`t al` pcly os hrflio`jmkw` tbf fxosto`j socks tblt prfvf`t jrkwtb l`m prkekto`j tbfjf`frltok` l`m sblro`j k omfls. F`jljfef`t al` tlif vlrokuskres# rke altlcytoa jltbfro`js tk ck`jfr%tfre oòtoltovfs# hut luòyo`j akepk`f`t tk l`y pkcoay os tbf mfvfckpef`t k struaturfstblt lcckw akeeuòaltok` l`m akkrmo`ltfm latok` hftwff`

o`vfstkrs# f`trfprf`furs# aovoc skaofty l`m pkcoay%elifrs.

<. ]bf Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup k tbf ^rfsomf`tolc

O`vfstef`t Akuàoc o` Qf`fjlc rfsuctfm rke tbf tf`tbsfssok` k tbf Akuàoc# lt wboab kvfr =>> rfprfsf`tltovfs rkejkvfrèf`t# tbf provltf sfatkr l`m mfvfckpef`t plrt`frseft tk mosauss tbf qufstok`# –Zblt rfkres lrf ffmfm tkstrf`jtbf` tbf skaolc oeplat k provltf o`vfstef`t;―

8. ]bf @ltok`lc O``kvltok` Akuàoc o` O`mol wls arfltfm o`8><> tk mfvfckp l –@ltok`lc Xklmelp kr O``kvltok`― kvfrtbf `fxt mfalmf# lato`j ls l altlcyso`j ljf`t tk f`jljfstlifbkcmfrs l`m fàkurljf o``kvltok` larkss o`mustrofs l`mjfkjrlpbofs.



?Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Mfvfckp Jkvfrèf`t Alplaoty kr Latok`

]k f`surf ffatovf l`m faof`t oepcfef`tltok`# pkcoay%elifrseust aclroy tbf `ffm kr jkvfrèf`t latok` l`m lcoj`

o`tfr`lc rfskurafs. Mfpf`mo`j k` tbf spfaoa pkcoay ffmsk l aku`try# tbos alplaoty al` hf mfvfckpfm hy ak`skcomlto`jfxosto`j jkvfrèf`t latovotofs kr mfvfckpo`j fw mfplrtef`ts9 tbfuctoeltf jklc k fotbfr lpprklab os prkvomo`j l buh kr o``kvltovfplrt`frsbops wotb tbf provltf sfatkr.

1. ]bf Mfplrtef`t kr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty o` Akckehol os tbfaf`trlc ljfày el`ljo`j jkvfrèf`t prkjrleefs tbltloe tk akepf`sltf voatoes k ak`goat# rfmuaf pkvfrty l`mprkektf pflaf. Ls suab# tbf Mfplrtef`t pclys l arotoalc rkcfo` strltfjoalccy o`trkmuao`j akàfpts k skaolc o``kvltok` l`mf`trfprf`fursbop.

=. ]bf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa ^lrtoaopltok`

o` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs akkrmo`ltfs latovotofs k tbf puhcoa l`mprovltf sfatkrs tk suppkrt skaolc o``kvltok`. ]bf Kaf lcsklats ls l pkcoay lmvoskr tk tbf VQ ^rfsomf`t k` ossufs rfcltfmtk skaolc f`tfrprosf l`m skaolc o``kvltok`# bfcpo`j tk arfltf l`moepcfef t fw pkcoaofs hy omf`toyo`j skcutok`s l`m fvlculto`jhfst prlatoafs.

Huocm Elrift O`rlstruaturf l`m Alplaoty

Quaafssuc skaolc f`tfrprosf rfquorfs tbf suppkrt k l clrjfrsystfe. Jkvfrèf`t al` bfcp huocm tblt ftwkri hy mfvfckpo`j

l`m alpotlcozo`j o`tfrefmolrofs tblt alpturf elrift mltl# coì stlifbkcmfrs k` spfaoa prkdfats l`m sfrvf ls `làolc vfboacfs kro`vfsto`j wotb skaolc l`m f`vorkèf`tlc oeplat.

6. Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc "HQA/ o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke os lakr`frstk`f o` tbf mfvfckpef`t k l VI elrift kr skaolcf`tfrprosf l`m o``kvltok`. Cfvfrljo`j l akeho`fm £7>> eoccok`"kvfr VQ- ?>> eoccok`/ o` u`mo`j rke mkrel`t hlì laaku`tsl`m kur k tbf clrjfst Bojb Qtrfft Hlìs# HQA o`vfsts o`

`làolc o`tfrefmolrofs tblt prkvomf u`mo`j tk skaolc f`tfrprosf.7. ]bf Wf`turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m "WA]G/ o` Jbl`l bls

cfvfrljfm lpprkxoeltfcy VQ- 62 eoccok` tk mfvfckp l`m u`m Wf turf Alpotlc Go`làf Akeplòfs tblt# o` tur`# prkvomf arotoalcl`m prfvokuscy u`lvloclhcf alpotlc l`m tfabòalc lssostlàftk selcc l`m efmoue%sozfm f`tfrprosfs "QEFs/. ]bf WA]G oslcsk tlsifm wotb mfvfckpo`j tbf o`vfstkr ftwkris l`m elrifto`rlstruaturf fafsslry tk jrkw QEFs o` Jbl`l.

^rfplrf F`tfrprosfs kr Jrkwtb

]k salcf tbf o``kvltok`s k skaolc f`tfrprosf# jkvfrèf t al` bfcphuso`fssfs huocm alplaoty# lttrlat alpotlc l`m oàrflsf mfel`m

kr tbfor prkmuats. Ljlo`# l vlrofty k pkcoay tkkcs lrf lvloclhcf tkprfplrf f`tfrprosfs kr jrkwtb# rke tfabòalc lssostlàf tk morfato`vfstef`t9 tbf lpprkproltf pkcoay skcutok` sbkucm hf jrku`mfmo` l` u`mfrstl`mo`j k tbf `ffms k f`trfprf`furs l`m tbfor

aurrf`t khstlacfs tk salcf.

:. ]bf O`vfstef`t l`m Ak`trlat Xflmo`fss Gu`m o` tbf

Vòtfm Io`jmke os l arkss%sfatkr u`m el`ljfm hy l tbormplrty# ]bf Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Huso`fss# prkvomo`j jrl`ts krtfabòalc lssostlàf tk skaolc f`tfrprosfs sffio`j fw kres k o`vfstef`t kr akepfto`j kr puhcoa sfrvoaf ak`trlats.

2. Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl o` ^fru mfvfckps tbf alplaotyk rurlc f`trfprf`furs l`m bkusfbkcms covo`j o` pkvfrty hyfxpl`mo`j l`m movfrsoyo`j oàkef%jf`frlto`j latovotofs l`m

fàkurljo`j lrefrs tk hro`j fw prkmuats tk elrift.

Jrkw l`m Morfat ^rovltf Alpotlc

Alpotlc os l aruaolc akepk`f`t tk mfvfckp l`m salcf skaolcf`tfrprosfs. Jkvfrèf`t al` oàf`tovozf provltf o`vfstkrs tk

plrtoaopltf o` tbf skaolc o`vfstef`t elrift hy uso`j pkcoaytkkcs tblt arfltf fw abl``fcs kr provltf o`vfstef`t o` skaolcf`tfrprosf# o`trkmuaf suhsomofs tk suppkrt fxpl`mfm alpotlc gkwskr rfekvf rfjucltkry hlrrofrs tblt prfvf`t o`tfrfstfm o`vfstkrs rkeplrtoaoplto`j.

?. ^rkjrle%Xfcltfm O`vfstef`ts o` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs fxpl`mtbf pkkc k alpotlc lvloclhcf tk skaolc f`tfrprosfs hy lcckwo`jku`mltok`s tk aku`t hfckw%elrift rltf o`vfstef`ts ljlo`sttbf l`ùlc plykut tbfy lrf rfquorfm tk elif o` krmfr tk rftlo`tbfor tlx%fxfept stltus.

<>.Akeeuòty Fak`keoa Mfvfckpef`t O`vfstef`t Gu`ms o`

Al`lml prkvomf fw u`mo`j kptok`s tk ckalc huso`fssfs l`mskaolc f`tfrprosfs hy pkkco`j alpotlc rke tbf slcf k tlx arfmotstk o`movomulcs.

Xfvofw l`m Xf`f ^kcoay

]k f`surf tblt tbf o`tf`mfm oeplat os eft# jkvfrèf`t al` huocm

systfes kr fvlculto`j pfrkrelàf l`m faof`tcy rfvoso`jpkcoaofs. ]bos stfp eust hf rfpfltfm tbrkujbkut tbf pkcoaymfsoj` prkafss# rke tbf kutsft l`m lt rfjuclr o`tfrvlcs ltfroepcfef`tltok`. ]bf wocco`j`fss k l jkvfrèf`t tk rfvofw l`mrf`f pkcoay os oepfrltovf tk suaafss.

<<. Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms o` Lustrlcol ekmofm l skaolco`vfstef`t prkmuat rst oepcfef`tfm o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke#arflto`j l soeoclr prkmuat tlockrfm tk tbf ckalc ak`tfxt o`tbf stltf k @fw Qkutb Zlcfs. Ls tbf Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`mspkcoay ak`toùfs tk hf mfvfckpfm o` Lustrlcol# fvlcultok` l`mrf`fef`t blvf hff` ify tk ots oepcfef`tltok`.

<8. ]bf Eoark%Arfmot Akepl`y ôckt ^rkjrleef o` tbf

^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l bls hff` mfvfckpfm l`m rf`fm

rke tbf fxpfrofàf l`m ablccf`jfs omf`tofm o` tbf oòtolcprkjrleef. ]kmly Eoark%Arfmot Akeplòfs prkvomf oeprkvfmcf`mo`j rfjucltok`s l`m `làolc sfrvoafs kr f`trfprf`furs o`rurlc lrfls tbrkujbkut tbf aku`try.



<> Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

Alsf Qtumofs

<8 ]bf Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup k tbf^rfsomf`tolc O`vfstef`t Akuàoc# Qf`fjlc

Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc# Vòtfm Io`jmke

]bf Mfplrtef`t kr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty#Akckehol

]bf O`vfstef`t l m Ak`trlat Xflmo`fssGu`m# VI

]bf @ltok`lc O``kvltok` Akuàoc# O`mol ]bf Wf turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m# Jbl`l

]bf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa^lrtoaopltok`# Vòtfm Qtltfs

Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl# fru

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F`jljf Elrift Qtlifbkcmfrs Huocm Elrift O`rlstruaturf l`m Alplaoty

Mfvfckp Jkvfrèf`t Alplaoty kr Latok` ^rfplrf F`tfrprosfs kr Jrkwtb

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<<Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

^rkjrle%Xfcltfm O`vfstef`ts# VòtfmQtltfs

Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms# Lustrlcol

Akeeuòty Fak`keoa Mfvfckpef`tO`vfstef`t Gu`ms# Al`lml

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<8 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`



<1Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

F`jljf Elrift

Qtlifbkcmfrs

><]bf Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup k tbf

^rfsomf`tolc O`vfstef`t Akuàoc# Qf`fjlc

Kvfrvofw ^kcoay Jklcs l`m Mfvfckpef`t

Ls l rfsuct k struaturlc lmdustef`t prkjrleefs prkektfm hy tbf Zkrcm Hlì l`mO`tfr`ltok`lc Ek`ftlry Gu`m o` tbf <?2>s l`m <??>s# Qf`fjlc hfalef bflvocy o`mfhtfm#rfcyo`j k` mfvfckpef`t lssostlàf l`m claio`j tbf huso`fss ak`motok`s tk lttrlat provltfo`vfstef`t. ]k rfefmy tbf sotultok`# wotb suppkrt rke tbf Zkrcm Hlì l`m O`tfr`ltok`lcEk`ftlry Gu`m# tbf rfsomf`t k tbf Xfpuhcoa k Qf`fjlc arfltfm tbf rfsomf`tolcO`vfstef`t Akuàoc.

]bf jkvfrèf`t‟s proelry khdfatovf o` fstlhcosbo`j tbf AÔ wls tk o stotutok`lcozf lrlefwkri kr molckjuf wotb tbf provltf sfatkr tk fàkurljf l`m mrovf fak`keoa jrkwtb

l`m rfmuaf pkvfrty o` Qf`fjlc. ]bf AÔ omf`tofm ak`strlo`ts l`m lmkptfm l sfrofs k rfkres rfcltfm tk laafss tk `làf# pbysoalc o`rlstruaturf# buel` rfskurafs l`m jkkmjkvfr`làf. Gkr fxlepcf# tbf AÔ suaaffmfm o` ckhhyo`j kr afrtlo` –prk%huso`fss―abl`jfs o` Qf`fjlc‟s tlx akmf# oàcumo`j ckwfro`j tbf akrpkrltf tlx rltf rke 11& tk86&# fcoeo`lto`j l tlx k` tbf o`krelc sfatkr l`m ckwfro`j tbf ak`sueptok` tlx k` tkurosto`mustrofs rke <2& tk <>&.

]bf ^rfsomf t k Qf`fjlc bflms tbf AÔ l`m ekmfrltfs ots l`ùlc sfssok`s wotb suppkrtrke tbf kcckwo`j jrkups4

∘ Qf`fjlc‟s O`vfstef`t rkektok` Ljfày# LÔR# pclys tbf rkcf k tbf AÔQfarftlrolt# tlio`j rfspk`sohocoty kr akkrmo`lto`j l`m krjlòzo`j tbf Akuàoc‟s latovotofs. ]bos rkcf bls hff` elmf pfrel`f`t tk f`surf ak`toùoty ls pkcotoalc lppko`tffs l`mprovltf huso`fssfs trl`sotok`.

∘ Zkrio`j jrkups akeprosf 1>%6> rfprfsf`tltovfs rke puhcoa l`m provltf o`stotutok`s.Flab jrkup os tlsifm wotb l` ossuf o` tbf Qf`fjlcfsf huso`fss f`vorkèf`t# krwboab tbfy prkpksf `fw lpprklabfs l`m rfkres. Lcc rfprfsf`tltovfs lrf o`votfm tkplrtoaopltf k` l vkcu`tffr hlsos hy LÔR wbk omf`tofs ify stlifbkcmfrs l`m fxpfrtsrfcltfm tk flab jrkup‟s tkpoa.

∘ ]bf O`tfr%Eoòstfrolc Akuàoc# wotbo` tbf ^roef Eoòstfr‟s kaf# prkvomfs l`swfrs tkqufstok`s l`m rfgfatok`s k` elttfrs rlosfm hy tbf wkrio`j jrkups. Ot os rfspk`sohcf krcflmo`j tbf oepcfef`tltok` k tbf ljrffm latok` pko`ts.

∘ ]bf Ekòtkro`j Akeeottff# akepksfm k jkvfrèf`t rfprfsf`tltovfs# akkrmo`ltfsl`m oepcfef`ts tbf rfakeef`mltok`s prkpksfm hy tbf wkrio`j jrkups l`m sblrfsffmhlai k` prkjrfss# moauctofs l`m akàfr`s. Ot lcsk prfplrfs wkri pcl`s kr tbf

O`tfr%Eoòstfrolc Akuàoc.

^kcoay o` Latok`

O` 8><<# tbf AÔ kausfm k` tbf ossuf k u`fepckyef`t o` Qf`fjlc. ]bf jkvfrèf`trfakjòzfm tblt lctbkujb tbf vkcuef k provltf o`vfstef`t blm oàrflsfm kvfr tbf yflrs#=:& k tbf pkpucltok` ak`toùfs tk covf hfckw tbf `ltok`lc pkvfrty co`f.< ]bus tbf tbfef k tbf <>tb l`ùlc sfssok` o` Mfafehfr 8><< wls# –Zblt rfkres wocc strf`jtbf` tbf skaolcoeplat k provltf o`vfstef`t;―

]bf ify plrtoaopl`ts o` tbf <>tb l` ulc sfssok`# o` lmmotok` tk tbf hrklm hlsf k usulclttf`mffs# wfrf oeplat o`vfstkrs# skaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m o`tfr`ltok`lc mfvfckpef tplrt`frs. Gkr fxlepcf# rfprfsf`tltovfs rke Ml`k`f# l provltf akepl`y tblt bls wkrifmtk fxpl`m ots huso`fss tk pkkr akeeuòtofs o` Qf`fjlc# wfrf o`votfm. Fefrjo`j rke tbf

Jfkjrlpby4 Qf`fjlc

]kkciot stfp4 F`jljf Elrift Qtlifbkcmfrs

O` Hrof4 Arfltfm o` 8>>8# tbf rfsomf`tolcO`vfstef`t Akuàoc "AÔ/ os rfspk`sohcf kromf`toyo`j l`m lmmrfsso`j tbf ak`strlo`tslafm hy huso`fssfs o` Qf`fjlc. Ots jklcslrf tk oàrflsf provltf%sfatkr o`vfstef`tl`m ak`trohutf tk sustlo`lhcf fak`keoajrkwtb l`m pkvfrty rfmuatok`. ]bf AÔ

f`jljfs o`tfr`ltok`lc l`m mkefstoao`vfstkrs# pkcoay%elifrs l`m f`trfprf`furstk kreucltf l`m oepcfef`t pkcoay rfkres.

AÔ efehfrs efft l`ùlccy tk lssfssprkjrfss l`m mosauss spfaoa tbfefsrfcltfm tk tbf mfvfckpef`t k Qf`fjlc‟sprovltf sfatkr. O` 8><<# kr tbf Akuàoc‟s<>tb l`ùlc sfssok`# kvfr =>> jufsts rkevlrokus o`mustrofs eft kr l mly k molckjufl`m fxabl`jf lrku`m tbf qufstok`# –Zbltrfkres wocc strf`jtbf` tbf skaolc oeplatk provltf o`vfstef`t;― Gkcckwo`j tbfsfmosaussok`s# tbf Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j

Jrkup wls fstlhcosbfm tk prkpksf rfkrestk oàrflsf kppkrtuòtofs kr oeplato`vfstef`t l`m skaolc f`trfprf`fursbopo` Qf`fjlc. ]bf cfssk`s cflr`fm rke tbfprkafss oàcumf4∘ Mfvfckp l akeek` u`mfrstl`mo`j k

ify tfres l`m akàfpts tk prkvomf l

stlrto`j pko`t k mosaussok` hftwff`

vlrokus stlifbkcmfrs

∘ Cfvfrljf efmol l`m puhcoa rfcltok`s

kppkrtuòtofs tk o`trkmuaf skaolc

f`tfrprosf o`tk tbf `ltok`lc# puhcoa

ak`vfrsltok`

∘ Omf`toy tbf lpprkproltf

krjlòzltok`lc struaturfs tbltlaocotltf tbf fxabl`jf k omfls l`m

oàkrpkrltf movfrsf pfrspfatovfs

< Zkrcm Hlì Mltf# 8><<. Qff4 bttp4++mltl.wkrcmhlì.krj+aku`try+sf`fjlc!ap[wmo.



<= Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

<>tb sfssok`# tbf Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup wls fstlhcosbfm wotb rfprfsf`tltovfslarkss sfatkrs "oàcumo`j skaolc f`trfprf`furs l`m o`vfstkrs# l`m rke o`mustrylsskaoltok`s# jkvfrèf`t eoòstrofs l`m uòvfrsotofs# lek`j ktbfrs /8 tk prkpksf spfaoarfkres tk strf`jtbf` tbf skaolc oeplat k provltf o`vfstef`t.

O` 8><8# o` plrlccfc tk tbf fkrts k tbfsf jrkups# LÔR wkrifm o` plrt`frsbop wotbMlchfrj Jckhlc Mfvfckpef`t Lmvoskrs# l ak`suctlày re# tk oepcfef`t l jrl`t rke tbfXkaiffccfr Gku`mltok` tk fxpckrf tbf rkcf k Qf`fjlc‟s jkvfrèf`t o` altlcyso`j oeplato`vfstef`t o` tbf aku`try.1 ]bf rfsflrab rke LÔR l`m Mlchfrj morfatcy o`krefm tbf

Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup‟s mosaussok`s l`m oàkrpkrltfm tbf plrtoaopl`ts‟ o`putl`m ffmhlai.

]bf Oeplat O`vfsto j Zkrio`j Jrkup eft rfquf`tcy tbrkujbkut tbf sfak`m blc k 8><8.Muro`j tbfsf effto`js# oeplat o`vfstef`t wls sff` ls l ify tk lmmrfsso j kt k`cy tbfprkhcfe k u`fepckyef`t hut lcsk vlrokus skaolc ablccf`jfs lafm hy ykutb# wkef` l`mktbfr elrjo`lcozfm jrkups. Muro`j tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup‟s effto`js# skaolc f`trfprf`furselmf prfsf`tltok s tk tbf jrkup k` tbfor huso`fss ekmfcs l`m jrkwtb ablccf`jfs "sfftbf –Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok` kr l` fxlepcfk k`f suab prfsf`tltok`/. Mlchfrj lcsk sblrfm ots rfsflrab `mo`js k` oeplat o`vfsto`jl`m skaolc f`tfrprosfs o` Qf`fjlc# lck`j wotb fxlepcfs k fkrts hy ktbfr jkvfrèf`ts tksuppkrt soeoclr latovotofs.

Ls l rfsuct k tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup‟s mfcohfrltok s# spfaoa rfakeef`mltok`s l`m latok`

pko`ts wfrf ljrffm upk` l`m prfsf`tfm lt tbf AÔ‟s <<tb l`ùlc sfssok` o` Mfafehfr8><8. Xfakeef`mltok`s oàcumfm4

∘ Mfvfckp l`m lmkpt l `ltok`lc ablrtfr mfò`j oeplat o`vfstef`t ∘ Arfltf l ltok`lc u`m# cfvfrljo`j fxosto`j u`ms kausfm k` oeplat o`vfstef`t ∘ Krjlòzf l krue k` oeplat o`vfstef`t ∘ ^rkektf huso`fss pcl` akepftotok`s kausfm k` oeplat+skaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m arfltf

l`m suppkrt oàuhltkrs o` plrt`frsbop wotb uòvfrsotofs l`m ckalc jkvfrèf`ts tkupbkcm tbfsf huso`fssfs

∘ Quppkrt tbf arfltok` k l rfjok`lc stkai fxabl`jf kr selcc tk efmoue%sozfmhuso`fssfs

∘ V`mfrtlif alsf%hy%alsf l`lcysfs k` sfatkr%spfaoa hlrrofrs tk oeplat o`vfstef`t ∘ Oepcfef`t l rfskuraf af`trf k fxpfrtosf k` oeplat o`vfstef`t

Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup k`

tbf Jrku`m

^rkpclst

]k laocotltf mosaussok`s kr strf jtbfò`jtbf skaolc oeplat k provltf o`vfstef`t# LÔR o`votfm ^rkpclst# l skaolc f tfrprosf#tk prfsf`t tk tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup.

^rkpclst akccfats# rfayacfs l`m rf%sfccspclstoa wlstf o` Qf`fjlc. Lt tbf toef k ots prfsf`tltok` tk tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup#^rkpclst wls lcrflmy wkrio`j wotb 7>>akccfatkrs tk rfayacf ekrf tbl` <6>tk`s k wlstf pfr yflr. ]bf prfsf`tltok`bojbcojbtfm bkw jkvfrèf`t aurrf`tcymkfs kt rfakjòzf –skaolc huso`fss―l`m tbfrfkrf prkvomfs `k spfaoaoàf`tovfs kr hf`fts tk suab huso`fssfsf`tfro`j tbf elrift.

Arflto`j l `ltok`lc mfòtok`+rlefwkri kr oeplat o`vfstef`t o` krmfr tkoàf`tovozf f`trfprf`furs o` tbf splafos k`f k tbf ify latok` otfes o` tbfZkrio`j Jrkup‟s latok` pcl`.

8 Gkr ucc cost k Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup plrtoaopl`ts# sff4 bttp4++www.apo%sf`fjlc.ake+sotfs+mfluct+cfs+jrkupf[=[rlppkrt[<<fef[sfssok`[apo.pm# pp. <>%<<.1 Qff tbf –Lssfssef`t k Oeplat O`vfsto`j kcoay o` Qf`fjlc― rfpkrt lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++mlchfrj.ake+mkauef`ts+Oeplat[O`vfsto`j[Qf`fjlc[F`j.pm.



<6Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Ls o` lcc AÔ sfssok`s# skef pko`ts eft mosljrffef`t# plrtoauclrcy rfjlrmo`j bkw tk mf`foeplat o`vfstef`t# wboab wls sff` ls tbf ify stlrto`j pko`t o` mfvfckpo`j l suotlhcfpkcoay rlefwkri tk altlcysf tbf sfatkr.

Oeplat tk Mltf

Akkrmo`ltfm hy LÔR# tbf arfltok` k l `ltok`lc oeplat o`vfstef`t u`m os lcrflmy hfo`jmosaussfm l`m ktbfr rfakeef`mltok`s# suab ls tbf lmkptok` k l `ltok`lc ablrtfr# lrffxpfatfm tk hf lmmrfssfm o` 8><1. ]k f`surf ak`sostfày wotb tbf jkvfrèf`t‟s `ltok`lc

mfvfckpef t khdfatovfs "f.j. tbf Eoccf`òue Mfvfckpef`t Jklcs l`m tbf `ltok`lc pkvfrtyrfmuatok` strltfjy/ l`m tk lcckw suaof`t toef tk u`mfrtlif tbf fafsslry latok`s# LÔR bls prkpksfm l toefco`f tbrkujb 8><6 tk oepcfef t lcc tbf rfakeef`mltok s.

]bf Zkrio j Jrkup rfakjòzfs tblt urtbfr rfsflrab# l`lcysos# mosaussok` l`m mfhltf lrf`ffmfm tk ffatovfcy oepcfef`t tbf latok` pcl`. ]k tblt f`m# tbf Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`jJrkup wocc ak`toùf tk efft tk f`jljf o` fxtf`sovf mosaussok`s k` tbf rkcf k oeplato`vfstef`t l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf.

^kcoay Xfakeef`mltok`s kr Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Hy arflto`j l hrklm%hlsfm rlefwkri kr molckjuf lt tbf bojbfst cfvfc k jkvfrèf`t# tbfprovltf sfatkr bls hff` lhcf tk ffatovfcy f`jljf o` tbf ossufs k Qf`fjlc‟s mfvfckpef`t.Ktbfr aku`trofs ely ak`somfr l soeoclr lpprklab tk f`jljo`j stlifbkcmfrs# tlio`j o`tk

ak`somfrltok` cfssk`s rke tbf fxpfrofàf o` Qf`fjlc4

Mfvfckp l akeek` u`mfrstl`mo`j k ify tfres l`m akàfpts tk prkvomf l stlrto`j

pko`t k mosaussok` hftwff` vlrokus stlifbkcmfrs

]bf Zkrio j Jrkup efehfrs wfrf rke vfry movfrsf o`stotutok`s wotb mofrf`t prokrotofsl`m lpprklabfs tk tbf ossufs lt bl`m. Ot wls oepkrtl`t kr tbf stlifbkcmfrs tk tlifkw`frsbop k tbf akàfpts l`m tlockr tbfe tk tbf Qf`fjlcfsf f`vorkèf`t. L ablccf`jfkr tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup wls tk rflab ak`sf`sus k` tbf akàfpt k skaolc f`tfrprosf l`moeplat o`vfsto`j. ]bf rfsflrab l`m o`sojbts rke LÔR l`m Mlchfrj prkvomfm l strk`jstlrto`j pko`t l`m ku`mltok` tk omf`toy l pltb krwlrm.

Cfvfrljf efmol l`m puhcoa rfcltok`s kppkrtuòtofs tk o`trkmuaf skaolc f`tfrprosf

o`tk `ltok`lc# puhcoa ak`vfrsltok`

]bf elo` suaafss k tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup‟s latovotofs wls tk oàrflsf puhcoa lwlrf fss k

oeplat o`vfstef`t l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf# l`m tk f`jljf tbf provltf sfatkr o` lmmrfsso`jQf`fjlc‟s skaolc l`m fak`keoa ablccf`jfs. ]brkujb `fwsplpfr l`m tfcfvosok` akvfrljf#oeplat o`vfstef`t l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf wfrf hrkujbt tk tbf krfrk`t k ltok`lcak`vfrsltok`# recy pclao`j tbf latovotofs k tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup k` Qf`fjlc‟s rfkreljf`ml.

Omf`toy tbf lpprkproltf krjlòzltok`lc struaturfs tblt laocotltf tbf fxabl`jf k

omfls l`m oàkrpkrltf movfrsf pfrspfatovfs

]bf Zkrio j Jrkup o`vkcvfm l hrklm rl`jf k kvfr 7> stlifbkcmfr jrkups tblt wfrff`jljfm lt vlryo`j mfjrffs o` ots latovotofs l`m effto`js. ]k oeprkvf tbf Zkrio`jJrkup my`leoas l`m tk hfttfr laakeekmltf tbos movfrsf jrkup# ot eojbt blvf hffèkrf ffatovf tk arfltf selccfr suh%jrkups wotb spfaoa fxpfrtosf tblt akucm tbf` blvfhrkujbt tbfor `mo`js tk tbf clrjfr jrkup kr mosaussok` l`m ak`skcomltok`. Gkr fxlepcf#eoark`làf o`stotutok`s wfrf l ify jrkup eosso`j rke tbf Zkrio`j Jrkup ls tbfy blvf lmffp u`mfrstl`mo`j k tbf ablccf`jfs o` tbf akeeuòtofs tbfy sfrvf l`m lrf ify pclyfrs o`tbf oeplat o`vfstef`t splaf.



<7 Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

F`jljf Elrift

Qtlifbkcmfrs

>8 ]bf @ltok`lc O``kvltok` Akuàoc# O`mol


Coif el`y mfvfckpo`j ltok`s# O`mol lafs fxtrfef ossufs k fak`keoa l`m skaolco`fqulcoty. Bkwfvfr# mfspotf tbf ablccf`jfs tblt O`mol‟s pkkrfst laf# ots pkpucltok` lcskprkvomfs f`krekus pktf`tolc tk mrovf tbf `ltok`‟s jrkwtb l`m prkvomf f`trfprf`furolcskcutok`s. ]bf @OÀ hfjl` wotb l vosok` mrovf` hy Qle ôtrkml# l bojbcy%rfjlrmfmf`trfprf`fur wbk wls hfbo`m tbf O`mol` tfcfake rfvkcutok`. ]bf @OÀ‟s vosok` wlstk rfkrjlòzf tbf O`mol` ekmfc k o``kvltok` rke l aucturf k lm bka o``kvltok`# kr–Dujllm―# mrovf` hy salraf rfskurafs l`m austkefrs‟ `ffms# tk l systfe hlsfm k`strltfjoa lpprklabfs tblt oàkrpkrltf sustlo`lhocoty# murlhocoty# lkrmlhocoty# qulcoty#jckhlc akepftotovf`fss l`m ckalc ffms. ]bf @OÀ mkfs `kt mosrfjlrm tbf o``kvltok`s k O`mol‟s pkkrfst tk efft tbfor mly%tk%mly ablccf`jfs hut kausfs k` huocmo`j struaturfs

l`m pkcoaofs tblt f`lhcf tbf jkvfrèf`t tk omf`toy# krjlòzf# suppkrt l`m salcf tbfsfo``kvltok`s.

]bf @OÀ sots wotbo tbf Kaf k tbf Lmvosfr tk tbf ^roef Eoòstfr k` ûhcoa O`kreltokÒ`rlstruaturf ' O``kvltok`s# cfm hy otrkml. Lt tbf `ltok`lc cfvfc# tbf @OÀ oàcumfs<1 efehfrs rke movfrsf fcms# oàcumo`j tfab`kckjy# bflctbalrf# tbf lrts l`m skaolcf`trfprf`fursbop. Gkr fxlepcf# Mfvo rlslm Qbftty# l alrmola surjfk` l`m pok`ffr k lkrmlhcf qulcoty bflctbalrf l`m eoark bflctb o`surlàf o` O`mol l`m rfaopof`t k tbfQabwlh Gku`mltok` Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur k tbf _flr lwlrm o` 8>>6# sots k` tbf @OÀ.

]bf @OÀ lcsk akeprosfs mfmoaltfm efehfr rfprfsf`tltovfs rke tbf @ltok`lc ^cl`ò`jAkeeossok`# wboab tofs ot tk jkvfrèf`t pcl`ò`j ekrf hrklmcy# kr fxlepcf tk tbf`ltok`lc Govf _flr ^cl`8 l`m humjft lcckaltok` prkafssfs. ]bos ak``fatok` tk ktbfrjkvfrèf`t latovoty os lpplrf`t o` tbf O`mol` Go`làf Eoòstfr‟s l``kuàfef`t tk lcckaltfVQ- <.< hoccok` tk saofàf l`m tfab`kckjy l`m ots rfqufst tblt tbf @OÀ lmvosf k` ots

el`ljfef`t l`m lppcoaltok`.1

^kcoay o` Latok`

]bf @OÀ wls fstlhcosbfm ls tbf af`trlc buh tk lmeoòstfr jkvfrèf t latovoty o` suppkrtk o``kvltok`# prkvomo`j lssostlàf vol buel`# `làolc# skaolc l`m o`tfccfatulc alpotlc tktbf kcckwo`j akepk`f`ts4

∘ Qtltf# Aoty# Qfatkrlc l`m Aoty O``kvltok` Akuàocs4 ]bf @OÀ laocotltfs tbf arfltok`k tbfsf akuàocs# wboab lrf struaturfm soeoclrcy tk tbf `ltok`lc buh wotb sfvf` tkò`f efehfrs rfprfsf to`j stlifbkcmfrs kr fxpfrts larkss ckalc jfkjrlpbofs l`mo`mustrofs.

∘ Acustfr O``kvltok` Af`trfs4 O`mol bls l` fstoeltfm 7#>>> selcc l`m efmoue%

sozfm f`tfrprosf o`mustry lsskaoltok`s "i`kw` ls acustfrs/ larkss tbf aku`try9 tbfsflsskaoltok`s lrf aruaolc tk dkh arfltok` kr O`mol‟s pkkrfst. Bkwfvfr# tbfy blvfclrjfcy rfelo`fm u`krjlòzfm ls o`mfpf`mf`t wkrifr%hlsfm suppkrt `ftwkris# l`mhuso`fssfs rfelo` mfpf`mf`t k` abflp clhkur# ktf` prkvomo`j o`bkspotlhcf wkrio`jak`motok`s tblt alusf sfrokus bflctb l`m f`vorkèf`tlc blzlrms. ]bf @OÀ omf`tofml bujf pktf`tolc kr skaolc l`m fak`keoa oeplat hy prkvomo`j tbfsf lsskaoltok`swotb suppkrt tk o``kvltf l`m stly rfcfvl`t o` tkmly‟s jckhlcozfm wkrcm. ]k prkvomftbos suppkrt# tbf @OÀ arfltfm Acustfr O``kvltok` Af`trfs "AOAs/# ekmfccfm k` lpuhcoa%provltf plrt`frsbop tblt ak``fats tbf o`mustry lsskaoltok`s tk rfsflrab l`mmfvfckpef t krjlòzltok`s# o`mustry fxpfrts# jkvfrèf`t prkjrleefs l`m `lào`jo`stotutok`s. Gkr l` fxlepcf k bkw AOA mfcovfrs skaolc l`m fak`keoa oeplat sff tbf–@OÀ k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok`.

Jfkjrlpby4 O`mol

]kkciot stfp4 F`jljf Qtlifbkcmfrs

O` Hrof4 ]bf ^rfsomf`t k O`mol mfaclrfm8><> tk hf tbf stlrt k tbf –Mfalmf k O``kvltok`―# wotb l spfaoa kaus k`lmmrfsso`j ossufs k pkvfrty. ]k prkjrfsstbos ltok`lc ljf`ml# tbf @ltok`lcO``kvltok` Akuàoc "@OÀ/ wls arfltfm o`8><> tk mfvfckp l –@ltok`lc Xklmelp kr

O``kvltok`― kvfr tbf fxt mfalmf.

Zbocf tbf oeplat k tbf @OÀ‟s oòtoltovfsos stocc hfo`j jlujfm# ots oòtolc fkrtsmfek`strltf oepkrtl`t pkcoay akepk`f`tstk huocm morfat coìljfs wotb O`mol‟s pkkrfst‑ tbf kvfr 1>& k O`mol‟s pkpucltok` k <.8hoccok` wbk os covo`j k` cfss tbl` VQ- <.86pfr mly.<

]bf @OÀ prkvomfs sfvfrlc o`sojbts krpkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j kr l` fxlepcf k bkw tk f`jljf stlifbkcmfrs# oàcumo j4

∘ ^ksotok` f`jljfef`t fkrts kutsomf

k plrtosl` pkcotoas ∘ Fàkurljf ckalc rfskurafuc`fss

l`m jf`frltok`lc abl`jf hy lcckwo`j

stlifbkcmfr lutk`key

∘ Mfekarltozf o`kreltok` sk tblt

jkvfrèf`t oòtoltovfs lrf laafssohcf

lt lcc cfvfcs

< Qff V@M^ Buel` Mfvfckpef`t O`moaltkrs# lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++bmrstlts.u`mp.krj+f`+aku`[email protected] Qff bttp4++pcl`ò`jakeeossok`.jkv.o +pcl`s+pcl`rfc+<8tbpcl`+wfcakef.btec.1 Qff ]bf Fak`keoa ]oefs –Humjft 8><1― lrtoacf# lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++fak`keoatoefs.o`moltoefs.ake+tfab+humjft%8><1%jkvt%l` kuàfs%rs%8>>>%ar%u`m%kr%saof`toa%o``kvltok`s+lrtoacfsbkw+<2:822=1.aes.



<:Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

∘ O`mol Oàcusovf O``kvltok` Gu`m4 ]bf @OÀ bls kausfm k` huocmo`j elrifto`rlstruaturf hy fstlhcosbo`j l VQ- ?< eoccok` flrcy%stljf vf`turf u`m tk o`vfstmorfatcy o` skaolc f`tfrprosfs tblt jf`frltf ekmfrltf `làolc rftur`s kr tbf o`vfstkr"prkdfatfm <8& l`ùlc rftur`/# lck`j wotb eflsurlhcf skaolc oeplat. ]bf O`mol`Jkvfrèf`t os prkvomo`j sffm u`mo`j "8>&/ wotb tbf hlclàf hfo`j rlosfm rke hlìs#o`surlàf akeplòfs# `làolc o`stotutok`s l`m mfvfckpef`t ljfàofs. ]bf u`m oscoifcy tk hf cluàbfm hy eom%8><1 wotb l cof k <> yflrs# fxtf`mlhcf tk <1. Fxlepcfsk pktf`tolc o`vfstef`ts oàcumf ckw%akst bflctbalrf f`tfrprosfs# acfl` f`frjy skaolcf`tfrprosfs l`m oàcusovf ekhocf `làf akeplòfs.

∘ –K`f E^ ‑ K`f Omfl― Oòtoltovf4 O`mol bls tbf clrjfst fcfatkrltf o` tbf wkrcm. ]bf@ltok`lc lrcolef`t oàcumfs :?> fcfatfm eoòstfrs k plrcolef t "E^s/# rfprfsf`to`jak`stotufàofs larkss tbf fmfrlc O`mol` stltf. ]k spur o``kvltok`s larkss tbf aku`try#tbf @OÀ mfvfckpfm l` oòtoltovf tblt fàkurljfs fcfatfm rfprfsf`tltovfs tk omf`toyo``kvltok`s rke tbfor ak`stotufàofs. –K`f E^ ‑ K`f Omfl― os l @OÀ oòtoltovf tbltlcckws E^s tk jovf alsb lwlrms "u`mfm tbrkujb tbf fmfrlc humjft/ tk up tk tbrffo``kvltok`s sfcfatfm rke wotbo` tbfor ak`stotufàofs flab yflr.

∘ Ktbfr oòtoltovfs4 ]bfsf oàcumf O``kvltok` o` Fmualtok`# wboab arfltfs `fw ekmfcskr cflrò`j# l`m tbf Jckhlc O``kvltok` Xku`mtlhcf# wboab krjlòzfs fvf`ts tk spurakcclhkrltok` hftwff` pkcoay%elifrs l`m fxpfrts larkss jfkjrlpbofs.

Oeplat tk Mltf

]bf @OÀ‟s prkjrleefs lrf stocc o tbfor o`lày. Bkwfvfr# ak`somfro`j tbf akepcfx tlsi k f`jljo`j stlifbkcmfrs o` l aku`try ls movfrsf ls O`mol# arflto`j suab l my`leoa struaturfl`m tfepcltf kr f`jljfef`t os o` lat l `ktlhcf suaafss o` l`m k otsfc. ]bf eldkroty k @OÀ oòtoltovfs lppflr tk hf k` trlai tk efft tbfor stltfm o`movomulc jklcs. Gkr fxlepcf#soàf 8><< tbf @OÀ bls cluàbfm sfvf` AOAs larkss jfkjrlpbofs l`m o`mustrofs. ]bfsfsfvf` pockt AOAs blvf o`vkcvfm 26#>>> selcc l`m efmoue%sozfm f`tfrprosfs# cfvfrljfm 1?puhcoa%provltf plrt`frsbops# arfltfm <#>>>#>>> dkhs# l`m jf`frltfm kvfr VQ- = hoccok` o`huso`fss rfvfùf o` pkkr akeeuòtofs. ]bf @OÀ pcl`s tk huocm l` lmmotok`lc 2> tk <>>AOAs hy tbf f`m k 8><1.

@OÀ K` tbf Jrku`m

Hrlsswlrf O`mustry Acustfr O``kvltokÀf`trf

Ekrlmlhlm "lcsk i`kw` ls HrlssAoty/ os l tkw` o` tbf stltf k Vttlr^rlmfsb l`m bkef tk k`f k tbf kcmfsthrlsswlrf o`mustry lsskaoltok`s "i`kw`ls l acustfr/ o` O`mol. ]rlmotok`lccy#prkmuatok` os hlsfm kut k lrtosl`s‟bkefs l`m rfquorfs aklc%hlsfmur`lafs l`m aylòmf%hlsfm skcutok`stk efct hrlss l`m òsb tbf prkmuats. ]bfsf tfabòqufs jf`frltf blreuclor pkccutl`ts tblt cflm tk oàrflsfmrfsporltkry mosflsfs l`m alàfr lek`jtbf lrtosl`s l`m tbfor leocofs. Mfspotftlio`j k` tbfsf bflctb rosis# lrtosl`so` tbf acustfr elif vfry cottcf prkt. OÈkrlmlhlm# tbf hrlsswlrf o`mustry blslafm sfrokus ablccf`jfs rke jckhlcakepftotok`# fxpfrofào j l mrkp k kvfr2>& o` fxpkrt krmfrs o` tbf plst mfalmf.

]bf @OÀ o`tfrvf fm tk rfefmy tbossotultok`# arflto`j l AOA o` tbf kre k l pbysoalc buh o` Ekrlmlhlm tk kstfro``kvltok` o` tbf hrlsswlrf o`mustry. ]bf Acustfr O``kvltok` Af`trf huocmstbf akeeuòty kw`frsbop k omfls l`mrfmuafs hkttcf`fais o` hktb prkmuatok`l`m sfrvoaf mfcovfry hy pkkco`jrfskurafs kr rfsflrab l`m mfvfckpef`t. ]bfsf fkrts blvf rfsuctfm o` tbrff votlco``kvltok`s kr tbf hrlsswlrf lrtosl`s‑ oeprkvfm aklc%hlsfm ur`lafs#rflmy%tk%usf claqufr l`m aylòmf%rffskcutok`s. ]bfsf o``kvltok`s oàrflsfm

mlocy oàkefs pfr ur`laf hy 2>& l`moeprkvfm tbf qulcoty k prkmuats l`mwkrio`j ak`motok`s kr tbf lrtosl`s oÈkrlmlhlm.

Kgaf kg Lmvoskr tk tbf ^roef Eoòstfr

@ltok`lc O``kvltok`

Akuàoc

Qtltf O``kvltok`

Akuàocs

Qfatkrlc O``kvltok`

AkuàocsOàcusovf O``kvltok`

Gu`m

Aoty O``kvltok`

Akuàocs

Acustfr O``kvltok`

Af`tfrs "AOAs/

o

Ablrt Ifys

F`totofs

Alsf Qtumy Gkaus

ûhcoa Qfatkr+

Jkvfrèf`t Ljfàofs

^rovltf Qfatkr

O`tfrefmolrofs

Xfcltok`sbops

Ekòtkro`j+Kvfrsojbt

^lrt`frsbop+Lmvoskry rkcf

O`vfstef`t-



<2 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

^kcoay Xfakeef`mltok`s kr Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok` ]bf @OÀ bls huoct l ekmfc tblt auts tbrkujb ossufs u oquf tk O`mol` aucturf l`m pkcotoas#yft tbf hrklm rlefwkri k tbf @OÀ akucm hf lppcoalhcf tk l`y aku`try kausfm k`f`jljo`j lcc cfvfcs k stlifbkcmfrs o` tbf skaolc o``kvltok` prkafss. ]bf @OÀ prkvomfspkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk O`mol ls l` fxlepcf k bkw tk f`jljf stlifbkcmfrs wotb sfvfrlcak`somfrltok`s kr oepcfef`to`j soeoclr rfkres o` ktbfr aku`trofs4

^ksotok` f`jljfef`t fkrts kutsomf k plrtosl` pkcotoas

]bf O`mol` fmfrlc jkvfrèf`t o acumfs euctopcf pkcotoalc plrtofs rfprfsf`to`j vlst skaolc%ftbòa movfrsoty. Grke oàfptok`# tbf @OÀ wls mfsoj`fm tk aut tbrkujb tbfsf hlrrofrs l`mfstlhcosb l morfat coì wotb O`mol‟s pkkrfst akeeuòtofs l`m f`trfprf`furs. ]bf –Mfalmf k O``kvltok`― mfaclrfm hy tbf ^rfsomf`t k O`mol prkvomfm l <>%yflr vosok` kr tbf rkcf k tbf@OÀ l`m sfplrltfm ot rke plrtosl` pkcotoas. Gurtbfrekrf# tbf @OÀ os cfm hy Qle ôtrkml#wbk os sff` ls l` f`trfprf`fur l`m o``kvltkr rltbfr tbl` ls l hurfluarlt o` O`mol.

Fàkurljf ckalc rfskurafuc`fss l`m jf`frltok`lc abl`jf hy lcckwo`j stlifbkcmfr

lutk`key

]bf @OÀ‟s strltfjy os tk lat ls l –altlcyso`j ljf t― tk hro`j lhkut l ck j%tfre aucturlcabl`jf. Xltbfr tbl` o`mfpf`mf`tcy oepcfef`to`j oòtoltovfs# tbf @OÀ lats ls l ak`suctl`tl`m laocotltkr# rfmuao`j hurfluarltoa hkttcf`fais l`m hromjo`j elrift mosak``fats. ]boswkri oàrflsfs tbf kw`frsbop k oòtoltovfs l`m fepkwfrs el`y ekrf stlifbkcmfrs tkplrtoaopltf o` omf`toyo`j l`m mfvfckpo`j o``kvltok`. Gkr fxlepcf# hy wkrio`j wotb ckalc

f`tfrprosfs tk mfvfckp AOAs# tbf @OÀ bls f`jljfm fxosto`j huso`fss lsskaoltok`s tklaocotltf puhcoa%provltf plrt`frsbops. ]bos laocotltok` ak``fats selcc l`m efmoue%sozfmhuso`fssfs tk arotoalc rfskurafs# bfcpo`j tbfe tk o`mfpf`mf tcy mfvfckp fw o``kvltok`stblt oàrflsf prkts l`m oeprkvf tbf skaolc l`m f`vorkèf`tlc ak`motok`s k tbforakeeuòtofs.

Mfekarltozf o`kreltok` sk tblt jkvfrèf`t oòtoltovfs lrf laafssohcf lt lcc cfvfcs

L votlc lspfat k f jljo`j stlifbkcmfrs os tk f`surf laafss tk o`kreltok` kr fvfryaucturlc l`m fak`keoa mfekjrlpboa. ]bf vlst l`m movfrsf O`mol` cl`msalpf pksfsl sfrokus ablccf`jf9 o` rfspk`sf tbf @OÀ bls kausfm k` cfvfrljo`j tfab`kckjy# krfxlepcf# prkvomo`j O`tfr`ft ak``fatovoty tk 86>#>>> voccljf%cfvfc jkvfrò`j hkmofs l`mak``fato`j lcc eldkr i`kwcfmjf o`stotutok`s o` O`mol wotb bojb%spffm ak``fatovoty. ]bf@OÀ bls lcsk cluàbfm l arkwmskurao`j akepftotok` tk omf`toy o``kvltovf skcutok`s o`ckalc akeeuòtofs. Quab ftwkris l`m pcltkres prkvomf fw lvfùfs kr akcclhkrltovfcy

omf`toyo`j skcutok`s.



<?Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Mfvfckp Jkvfrèf`t

Alplaoty kr Latok`

>1]bf Mfplrtef`t kr Qkaolc rkspfroty#

Akckehol


]bf Mfplrtef t kr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty "M^Q/ os k`f akepk`f`t k tbf o stotutok`lc l`mstruaturlc jkvfrèf`t rfkres tblt blvf strftabfm kvfr el`y pkcotoalc lmeoòstrltok`so` Akckehol# elio`j tbf aku`try –l rfjok`lc cflmfr o` lrrkwo`j tbf Yfak`keoaU jlpwotb tbf wkrcm‟s ekst faof`t rfjucltkry prlatoafs―# laakrmo`j tk l rfaf`t rfpkrtrke tbf O`tfr`ltok`lc Go`làf Akrpkrltok` l`m tbf Zkrcm Hlì.< ]bfsf rfkres blvfoàcumfm oepcfef`to`j l lstfr f`rkcef`t prkafss kr bflctbalrf sfrvoafs# soepcoyo`j tlxakepcolàf# strfleco o`j plpfrwkri kr huso`fss rfjostrltok`# rfstruaturo`j jkvfrèf`tljfàofs l`m `kw lmmrfsso`j pkvfrty.

]bos akeprfbf`sovf# struaturlc lpprklab tk rfmuao j pkvfrty bls tlif sblpf o` l `fw

Qfatkr kr Qkaolc Oàcusok` l`m Xfakàocoltok`. ]bf Qfatkr os tlockrfm tk Akckehol# ls tbfaku`try ak`toùfs tk laf fxtrfef ossufs k skaolc o`fqulcoty muf tk tbf k`jko`j =>%yflr lrefm ak`goat hftwff` tbf Akckehol` jkvfrèf`t l`m jufrroccl jrkups. Zotb tbfu`mfrstl`mo j tblt tbksf lfatfm hy tbf ak`goat lrf ktf` lcsk fak`keoalccy u`mfrsfrvfm#tbf Qfatkr ak`skcomltfs lttf`tok` l`m fkrts lrku`m suppkrto`j tbf voatoes k vokcfàfl`m pkvfrty# l akeho`fm pkpucltok` tblt laaku`ts kr lpprkxoeltfcy k`f%tborm k lccAkckehol`s.

^rfsomf`t Ql`tks arfltfm tbf M^Q o` 8><< vol l spfaolc prfsomf`tolc mfarff. Bos mfaosovflatok` o` suppkrt k tbf M^Q os plrt k tbf ^rkspfroty kr Lcc `ltok`lc mfvfckpef`t pcl` k`wboab bf aleploj`fm. ]bf Mfplrtef`t wls arfltfm ls tbf af`trlc buh kr lcc jkvfrèf`tlatovoty loefm lt pkvfrty rfmuatok` l`m pflafiffpo`j l`m os l af`trlc f`try pko`t wbfrfhf`faolrofs# k`%jkvfrèf`tlc krjlòzltok`s l`m tbf provltf sfatkr al` flsocy f`jljf o`labofvo`j tbf Qfatkr‟s jklcs.

^kcoay o` Latok`

]bf M^Q ak`skcomltfs el`y skaolc sfrvoaf prkjrleefs hy morfatcy lmeoòstfro`j sfvfrlcmovosok`s l`m kvfrsffo`j ktbfr kafs tblt blvf hff` rflssoj`fm tk tbf Mfplrtef`t.8 ]bf M^Q prkvomfs lmvkalay l m tfabòalc lssostlàf tk ots movosok`s l`m lssoj`fmkafs# wbocf morfat u`mo`j os typoalccy prkvomfm hy Ak`jrfss l`m tbf Eoòstry k Go`làf. ]brkujbkut# tbf M^Q prkvomfs suppkrt laakrmo`j tk tbf uòquf `ffms k flab prkjrleefrltbfr tbl` tlio`j l –k`f%sozf%ts%lcc― lpprklab. Hfckw lrf tbrff fxlepcfs k bkw mofrf`tprkjrleefs rfsomf wotbo` tbf M^Q struaturf4

∘ Ls l prkjrleef wotbo` l Movosok` k tbf M^Q4 ]bf prf%fxosto`j Gleocofs o` Latok`prkjrleef bls hff` rfmfsoj`fm l`m os `kw lmeoòstfrfm tbrkujb M^Q‟s QkaolcOàkef Movosok`. Huocmo`j k k soeoclr oòtoltovfs o` ktbfr Clto` Lefroal` aku`trofs# tbfprkjrleef kfrs l `fw ekmfc kr tbf prkvosok` k wfclrf hy ossuo`j morfat plyef`ts

tk leocofs upk` suaafssuccy f`rkcco`j tbfor abocmrf` o` sabkkc l`m bflctb sfrvoafs.

1

∘ Ls l` oòtoltovf k tbf M^Q4 ]k akkrmo`ltf tbf latovotofs k sfvfrlc prkjrleefs loefmlt oeprkvo`j tbf ak`motok`s kr f`trfprf`furolc mfvfckpef`t lek`j ots hf`faolrofs#tbf M^Q wocc skk` hf cluàbo`j ots provltf%puhcoa lccolàf strltfjy# oàcumo`j oòtoltovfstk oàrflsf oeplat o`vfsto`j l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf.

∘ Ls l` ljfày lssoj`fm tk tbf M^Q4 ]bf @ltok`lc Ljfày kr Kvfrakeo`j Fxtrfef^kvfrty "L@Q^F/ os tlsifm wotb omf`toyo`j l`m oepcfef`to`j strltfjofs tk suppkrttbf ekst oepkvfrosbfm rfjok`s k Akckehol. ]bf L@Q^F labofvfs tbos jklc tbrkujbsfvfrlc prkjrleefs# oàcumo`j tbf Qkaolc O``kvltok` Af`trf kr wboab l mfmoaltfmkaf akeprosfm k =6 stl os wkrio`j tk omf`toy l`m mossfeo`ltf fw prkmuats#sfrvoafs l`m el`ljfef`t prlatoafs tbrkujbkut tbf ltok`lc jkvfrèf`t. O` lmmotok`# L@Q^F os rfspk`sohcf kr kpfrlto`j tbf Xfm V@OMKQ prkjrleef "sff tbf –M^Q k` tbf

Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok` kr ekrf k` tblt prkjrleef/.

Jfkjrlpby4 Akckehol

]kkciot stfp4 Mfvfckp Jkvfrèf`tAlplaoty kr Latok`

O` Hrof4 Arfltfm o` 8><<# tbf Mfplrtef`tkr Qkaolc rkspfroty "M^Q/ mfvfckps#akkrmo`ltfs l`m f`lats lcc jkvfrèf`tlcpkcoaofs tblt loe tk akepf`sltf voatoesk ak`goat l`m rfmuaf pkvfrty. ]bf M^Qprkvomfs l af`trlc buh kr provltf%sfatkr

latovotofs tblt bfcp tk rfmuaf pkvfrty l`mstrltfjoalccy o`trkmuafs akàfpts k skaolco``kvltok` l`m f`trfprf`fursbop larkssjkvfrèf`t oòtoltovfs o` Akckehol.

Zbocf tbf M^Q os stocc o` ots o`lày#tbf Mfplrtef`t‟s oòtolc rfkre fkrtsmfek`strltf oepkrtl`t kpfrlto`j proàopcfs#oàcumo`j prkvomo`j puhcoa sfrvoafs wotb lprovltf%sfatkr lpprklab l`m lmmrfsso`jelark prkhcfes tbrkujb eoark strltfjofs.

]bf M^Q prkvomfs sfvfrlc o`sojbts krpkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk Akckehol ls l`

fxlepcf k bkw tk huocm puhcoa alplaoty#oàcumo`j4

∘ Fepkwfr cflmfrs tk mrovf o``kvltok`

wotbo` jkvfrèf`t

∘ Gkaus fkrts tk suppkrt skaolc

f`trfprf`fursbop o` lrfls wbfrf

uòquf# `ltok`lc prokrotofs kr

ablccf`jfs wkucm hf ekst oeplatfm

hy o``kvltok`

∘ Omf`toy wbfrf huso`fss aurrf`tcy

o`tfrlats wotb jkvfrèf`t l`m bkw

l `fw struaturf akucm strfleco`f#

fxpfmotf l`m lepcoy tbfsf sy`frjofs

< Qff bttp4++mko`jhuso`fss.krj+~+efmol+JOLZH+Mko`j&8>Huso`fss+Mkauef`ts+L`ùlc%Xfpkrts+F`jcosb+MH<1%ucc%rfpkrt.pm# p. 87.8 Qff bttp4++www.mps.jkv.ak+pkrtlc+mfluct.lspx.1 Qff tbf Cks L`jfcfs ]oefs lrtoacf –Gleocofs o` Latok` plys ektbfrs tk oeprkvf bflctb―# lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++lrtoacfs.cltoefs.ake+8><<+du`+>2+wkrcm+cl%j%akckehol%ek`fy%trl`sfrs%8><<>7>2.



8> Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

M^Q K` tbf Jrku`m

Xfm V@OMKQ

L prkjrleef wotbo` L@Q^F "l` ljfàylssoj`fm tk tbf M^Q/# Xfm V@OMKQomf`tofs kppkrtuòtofs kr skaolco``kvltok` l`m strltfjoa plrt`frsbopshftwff` ckalc akeeuòtofs# jkvfrèf`t

f`totofs l`m tbf provltf sfatkr. ]bfprkjrleef plors leocofs wotb ef`tkrswbk lssfss tbfor `ffms hlsfm k` =6o`moaltkrs tblt akvfr lcc lspfats k prkspfroty# oàcumo`j fmualtok`# bflctb#bkuso`j# wkrio`j ak`motok`s l`m laafsstk dumoaolc systfes. ]bf rfsucts k tbflssfssef`t morfatcy o`kre tbf typfsk suppkrt prkvomfm tk tbf leocy. ]bfylrf lcsk ljjrfjltfm lt l akeeuòty+ rfjok`lc cfvfc tk bfcp jkvfrèf`tljfàofs l`m tbf provltf sfatkr hfttfru`mfrstl`m bkw tk tlrjft tbfor akrpkrltfrfspk`sohocoty fkrts tk oàrflsf tbfprkspfroty k tbf lrfls o` wboab tbfywkri.

Muf tk tbf lrefm ak`goat# el`y M^Q prkjrleefs fafsslrocy prkvomf ekrf trlmotok`lcpflafiffpo`j l`m wfclrf sfrvoafs. Bkwfvfr tbf M^Q os lcsk omf`toyo`j l`m fxpckro`j`fw o``kvltok`s o` tbf mfcovfry k tbksf sfrvoafs. ]wk akrf kpfrlto`j tlatoas u`mfrpo`tbfsf fkrts4 prkvomo`j puhcoa sfrvoafs wotb l provltf sfatkr lpprklab l`m lmmrfsso`jelark prkhcfes tbrkujb eoark strltfjofs.

]bf rst tlatoa os rfgfatfm o` tbf provltf sfatkr fxpfrofàf k el`y M^Q cflmfrs. rfsomf`tQl`tks l`m tbf Morfatkr k tbf M^Q# Hruaf Ela Elstfr# lrf ktf` omf`tofm ls tfab`karltstbfesfcvfs# sftto`j l` f`trfprf`furolc l`m lpkcotoalc tk`f. ]bos cflmfrsbop cf`ms tk tbfMfplrtef`t‟s arfmohocoty wotbo` tbf provltf sfatkr l`m kstfrs l huso`fss%eo`mfm lpprklab

tk tbf el`ljfef`t k tbf ekrf tbl` 8>#>>> fepckyffs l`m eoccok`s k hf`faolrofs u`mfrtbf Mfplrtef`t‟s prkjrleefs.

O` lmmotok` tk uso`j ekmfr` tfab`kckjy l`m akeeuòaltok` prlatoafs# tbf M^Q blsarfltfm sfvfrlc mfaosok`%elio`j struaturfs tblt oeprkvf o`tfr`lc el`ljfef`t. Gkrfxlepcf# tbf M^Q Morfatkr cflms l wfficy effto`j wotb lcc tbf morfatkrs k M^Q ljfàofs#flab k wbke os o`votfm tk rlosf tbfor ekst prfsso`j ossufs tk trkuhcfsbkkt tkjftbfr# wotbtbf jklc k labofvo`j hfttfr akkrmo`ltok`.

]brkujb ots sfak m tlatoa tk lmmrfss elark prkhcfes tbrkujb eoark strltfjofs# tbf M^Qlpprklabfs Akckehol‟s pkvfrty ossufs bkcostoalccy# hut rfakjòzfs tblt ekst skcutok`s wocchf oepcfef`tfm lt tbf eoark cfvfc. ]bf M^Q os mfsoj`fm fxpcoaotcy tk hf l plrt`fr wotb tbfprovltf sfatkr# `k`%jkvfrèf`tlc krjlòzltok`s l`m o`movomulc aotozf`s k` tbf jrku`m. ]ktblt f`m# ekst M^Q prkjrleefs rfquorf ckalc hf`faolrofs tk plrtoaopltf.

]bos ckalc kaus os lcsk fxfepcofm hy tbf M^Q cflmfrsbop. Gkr fxlepcf# tbf Xkutfs tk^rkspfroty oòtoltovf rfquorfs tblt lcc M^Q prkjrleef morfatkrs trlvfc flab ek`tb tk lmofrf`t Akckehol` rfjok` o` `ffm k spfaolc o`tfrvf`tok`. ]bf morfatkrs efft wotb ckalcjkvfrèf`t kaolcs l`m cflmfrs# l`m wkri tkjftbfr tk mfsoj` l austkeozfm pcl` tkoeprkvf tbf ak`motok`s k tblt akeeuòty.

Qtltf Qfatkr kg Qkaolc Oàcusok` l`m Xfakàocoltok`

Mfplrtef`t gkr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty "M^Q/

Ljfàofs Lssoj fm

tk M^Q"f.j. L@Q^F/

M^Q Movosok`s"f.j. Movosok` kg Qkaolc O`vfstef`t/

Ljfày ^rkjrles"f.j. Xfm V@OMKQ/

M^Q ^rkjrles"f.j. Gleocofs o Latok`/

Oòtoltovfs"f.j. provltf%puhcoa lcolàf strltfjy/

c o

Ablrt Ifys

F`totofs

Alsf Qtumy Gkaus

ûhcoa Qfatkr+

Jkvfrèf`t Ljfàofs

^rovltf Qfatkr

O`tfrefmolrofs

Xfcltok`sbops



O`vfstef`t-



8<Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Oeplat tk Mltf

]bf prkjrleef os stocc o` ots o lày l`m os tbfrfkrf moauct tk fvlcultf. Ekst k tbfM^Q‟s latovotofs lppflr tk hf k` trlai tk efft tbfor stltfm jklcs9 bkwfvfr# khsfrvfrsalutok` tblt l eom%tfre pfrspfatovf os `fafsslry tk lssfss tbf Mfplrtef`t‟s suaafss.Zbf` rfstruaturo`j jkvfrèf`t systfes# l`m plrtoauclrcy o` l saf`lrok coif tbf M^Qwbfrf prf%fxosto`j prkjrleefs lrf krjlòzfm u`mfr k`f mfplrtef`t# lmmrfsso`j ossufsk f`trfàbfm hurfluarlay l`m akrruptok` al` hf ablccf`jo`j. Qoeoclrcy# mfvfckpo`j l`fw akkrmo`lto`j mfplrtef t ru`s tbf rosi k arflto`j ekrf k tbf hurfluarlay tblt tbf

Mfplrtef`t wls tlsifm wotb fcoeo`lto`j. ]bf M^Q wocc ak`toùf tk prkvomf l` bk`fst l`mtrl`splrf t fvlcultok` k ots prkjrleefs tk fàkurljf k`jko`j otfrltok` l`m# tbfrfkrf#o``kvltok`.


]bf M^Q os uòquf tk Akckehol` aucturf l`m pkcotoas. Bkwfvfr# tbf Mfplrtef t lmmrfssfsel`y hrklmfr ossufs# prkvomo j l ekmfc rke wboab ktbfr jkvfrèf`ts al` cflr`4

Fepkwfr cflmfrs tk mrovf o``kvltok` wotb jkvfrèf`t

L` u`mfrcyo`j M^Q pbockskpby os tblt tk akehlt pkvfrty# l aku`try al``kt k`cy mfmoaltf`làolc rfskurafs hut eust lcsk morfat buel` alpotlc tk tbf prkhcfes. ]bos sf`toef`tos fabkfm hy M^Q Morfatkr Hruaf Ela Elstfr# wbk strk`jcy hfcofvfs tblt tbf ekstarfltovf l`m o`tfccojf`t eo`ms sbkucm hf mfmoaltfm tk tbf tlsi k rfmuao`j pkvfrty. ]bf

Mfplrtef`t‟s kpfrlto`j tlatoas al` hf lttrohutfm morfatcy tk ots fxafptok`lc cflmfrsbop.

Gkaus fkrts tk suppkrt skaolc f`trfprf`fursbop o` lrfls wbfrf uòquf# `ltok`lc

prokrotofs kr ablccf`jfs wkucm hf ekst oeplatfm hy o``kvltok`

L puhcoa prokroty o` Akckehol os rfploro j tbf mleljfs k tbf lrefm ak goat. Zotb tbosuppfrekst o` tbfor eo`ms# pkcotoalc cflmfrs u`mfrstl`m tblt vokcfàf l`m pkvfrty jk bl`mo` bl`m. ]bf M^Q wls arfltfm tk lmmrfss hktb l`m os tbfrfkrf sff` ls tbf hfst lpprklabtk arflto`j ck`j%tfre pflaf l`m prkspfroty# lcckwo`j kr akeprfbf sovf# arkss%sfatkrakcclhkrltok`. Zbf` ak`somfro`j wboab k tbf M^Q‟s akepk`f`ts eojbt hf lppcoalhcfl`m rfpcoalhcf o` ktbfr aku`trofs# jkvfrèf`ts sbkucm rst omf`toy tbf spfaoa ossufstblt wkucm hf`ft rke omfls k skaolc f`trfprf fursbop l`m o``kvltok`. O` omf`toyo`jtbfsf ossufs# pkcoay%elifrs sbkucm ak`somfr hktb tbf prlatoalc latkrs k faofày l`mfalay l`m tbf hrklmfr skaolc l`m pkcotoalc ljf`ml tk wboab skaolc f`trfprf`fursbop l`mo``kvltok` al` hf tofm.

Omf`toy wbfrf huso`fss aurrf`tcy o`tfrlats wotb jkvfrèf`t l`m bkw l `fw

struaturf akucm strfleco`f# fxpfmotf l`m lepcoy tbfsf sy`frjofs

]bf provltf sfatkr al` `kw f`jljf wotb jkvfrèf`t tk rfmuaf pkvfrty tbrkujb k`faf`trlc pkrtlc# tbf M^Q. O` lssfsso`j tbf `ffm kr soeoclr latok` o` ktbfr aku`trofs# ot osoepkrtl`t tk rst u`mfrstl`m wbfrf tbf provltf sfatkr os aurrf`tcy wkrio`j wotb jkvfrèf`ttk efft puhcoa%sfatkr jklcs# l`m tbf` mftfreo`f bkw l buh%coif struaturf akucm lat lslaocotltkr kr tbksf latovotofs.



88 Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

>=]bf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa

^lrtoaopltok`# Vòtfm Qtltfs


]bf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l m Aovoa ^lrtoaopltok` "QOA^/ wls rst prkpksfm ls tbfKaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` o` 8>>: hy stl lt tbf Af`tfr kr Lefroal` rkjrfss "AL^/#l` o`mfpf`mf`t tboì tlì kausfm k` prkjrfssovf omfls. ]bf omfl kr mfvfckpo`jQOA^ rfgfatfm l` u`mfrstl`mo`j hy AL^ stl tblt# jckhlccy# skaolc f`trfprf`furs wbkf`jljf wotb pkcoay%elifrs lrf ekrf suaafssuc tbl` tbksf wbk mk kt. ]bf jklc hfbo`mmfvfckpo`j tbf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` wls tk arfltf l bojb%prkcf f`toty wotbo` tbffmfrlc jkvfrèf`t tk kstfr l pkcoay f`vorkèf t tblt suppkrts skaolc o``kvltok`# skaolcf`trfprf`fursbop l`m skcutok`s tk o`trlatlhcf skaolc prkhcfes –wotbkut arflto`j l fwhurfluarlay tblt ru`s aku`tfr tk tbf aucturf k skaolc o``kvltok` l`m f`trfprf`fursbop―.<

]bf prkpkslc kr l` Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` fxpcoaotcy alccfm kr tbf kaf tk hf arfltfmwotbo` tbf Zbotf Bkusf tk –cfvfrljf tbf prfsomf`t‟s pcltkre tk bojbcojbt tbf oepkrtlàfk rfcyo`j k` skaolc f`trfprf`furs l`m k`prkts tk skcvf skaolc prkhcfes wbfrf hktb tbfprovltf sfatkr l`m jkvfrèf`t blvf locfm―# lt tbf slef toef fcfvlto`j k`%prkt cflmfrs‟vkoafs o` puhcoa pkcoay mfhltfs.8

]bf omfl kr QOA^ prf%mltfm tbf 8>>2 prfsomf`tolc aleploj` hut jlo`fm trlatok` muro`jtbf ru`%up tk tbf fcfatok`# ufccfm hy tbf o`tfrfst tblt tbf`%al`momltf Hlrlai Khlel blmo` skaolc o``kvltok` l`m akeeuòty%hlsfm skcutok`s. ]bf trl`sotok` k tbf Kaf o`tk rflcotywls muf o` `k selcc plrt tk tbf o`gufàf k l ùehfr k prkeo`f t AL^ stl wbk sfrvfmk` tbf prfsomf`tolc trl`sotok` tfle l`m suhsfquf`tcy o` stl pksotok`s wotb tbf KhlelZbotf Bkusf. ]bf arfltok` k QOA^ wls kaolccy l``kuàfm hy tbf Zbotf Bkusf k` 6 Ely8>>?.1

O` rfspk`sf tk l vlrofty k pkcotoalc rflcotofs# tbf Kaf wls rfakàfptulcozfm tk oàcumf laovoa plrtoaopltok` ljf`ml lck`jsomf skaolc o``kvltok`# kauso`j k` f`jljo`j Lefroal`so` vkcu`tffr l`m ktbfr sfrvoaf kppkrtuòtofs. ]bf hrklmfò`j k kaus rfsuctfm rke lakeho`ltok` k ^rfsomf`t Khlel‟s o`tfrfst o` prkekto`j puhcoa sfrvoaf# stl alplaotyak`strlo`ts l`m tbf kppkrtuòty tk cfvfrljf Ak`jrfssok`lc ekef`tue hfbo`m tbf Qfrvf Lefroal Lat# k`f k tbf rst hoccs tk plss u`mfr tbf Khlel lmeo ostrltok`# wboab mflcsmorfatcy wotb vkcu`tffrose l`m aovoa plrtoaopltok`.

]bf Kaf rfsomfs wotbo` tbf Mkefstoa ^kcoay Akuàoc# l` f`toty wotbo` tbf Zbotf BkusfFxfautovf Kaf. QOA^ os cfm hy l mfmoaltfm akeeossok`fm kafr# l bojb prkcf stl aclssoaltok` wotbo` tbf Zbotf Bkusf. Hktb ots Zbotf Bkusf pksotok` l`m ots bojb prkcfcflmfrsbop cf`m QOA^ lmmfm stlturf wotbo` tbf jkvfrèf`t l`m sfrvf o` tbfkry ls l soj`lck tbf oepkrtlàf k QOA^‟s ljf`ml. Oepkrtl`tcy# bkwfvfr# QOA^ os `kt l pfrel`f`t

kaf9 arfltfm lt tbf hfqufst k rfsomf`t Khlel# ot os l` f`toty tblt alef o`tk hfo`j hyfxfautovf krmfr rltbfr tbl` tbrkujb cfjoscltok`# suab tblt wotbkut ak`toùfm prfsomf`tolcsuppkrt QOA^ akucm moslppflr o` uturf lmeoòstrltok`s.

Jfkjrlpby4 Vòtfm Qtltfs

]kkciot stfp4 Mfvfckp Jkvfrèf`tAlplaoty kr Latok`

O` Hrof4 ]bf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`mAovoa lrtoaopltok` "QOA^/ os l` f`toty wotbo`tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs‟ fxfautovf hrlàb k jkvfrèf`t tblt lmvosfs tbf VQ ^rfsomf`tl`m Fxfautovf Kaf k` pkcoaofs tbltfàkurljf akcclhkrltok` l`m o``kvltok`

lrku`m suab sojòal`t ltok`lc ablccf`jfsls pkvfrty l`m fmualtok`. ]bf Kaf‟spkcoay prokrotofs oàcumf prkekto`j sfrvoafl`m vkcu`tffrose# oàrflso`j o`vfstef`t o``fw skcutok`s wotb mfek`strltfm kutakefsl`m fàkurljo`j tbf kreltok` k arkss%sfatkr plrt`frsbops. ]bf Kaf‟s kaus kàkeeuòty%hlsfm skcutok`s mrlws k` lprfsomf`tolc el`mltf hlsfm k` tbf hfcof tblt jkvfrèf`t al` hfst suppkrt skaolco``kvltok` hy `mo`j l`m salco`j fxosto`jskcutok`s.

Gkr kcoay%elifrs ak`somfro`j

oepcfef`to j l soeoclr lmvoskry kaf# QOA^prkvomfs tbf kcckwo`j ak`somfrltok`s kroepcfef`tltok`4

∘ ^claf pkcoay kafs wbfrf

ablepok`s lcrflmy fxost

∘ Arfltf kppkrtuòty kr arfltovoty l`m

o``kvltok` hy autto`j larkss fxosto`j

sfatkrs l`m socks# hfo`j eo`muc k

hurfluarltoa hlrrofrs

∘ Hf pkcotoalccy lstutf l`m wocco`j tk

elif lmdustef`ts ls ck`j ls akrf

tf`fts lrf `kt akeprkeosfm

< Qff bttp4++www.lefroal`prkjrfss.krj+wp%ak`tf`t+upcklms+ossufs+8>>2+>1+pm+ssor[spro`j8>>2[dkco`.pm.8 Ohom. l`m lcsk sff bttp4++www.lefroal`prkjrfss.krj+ossufs+fak`key+rfpkrt+8>>:+<8+8<+1:>7+o`vfsto`j%o`%skaolc%f`trfprf`fursbop%l`m%kstfro`j%skaolc%o `kvltok`+.1 Qff bttp4++www.wbotfbkusf.jkv+tbf%prfss%kaf+prfsomf t%khlel%rfqufst%6>%eoccok`%omf`toy%l`m%fxpl`m%ffatovf%o``kvltovf%`k`%prk.

Mfvfckp Jkvfrèf`t

Alplaoty kr Latok`



81Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

QOA^ K` tbf Jrku`m

Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m

]bf Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m# lprkjrleef suppkrtfm hy tbf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa lrtoaopltok`#wls fstlhcosbfm ls plrt k tbf FmwlrmE. If``fmy Qfrvf Lefroal Lat#

soj`fm o`tk clw hy ^rfsomf`t Khlelk` 8< Lproc 8>>?. El`ljfm hy tbfAkrpkrltok` kr @ltok`lc l`m AkeeuòtyQfrvoaf l`m suhdfat tk Ak`jrfssok`lclpprkproltok`# tbf VQ- 6> eoccok`Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m prkvomfs jrl`tstk –jrl`telio`j o`tfrefmolrofs― coifakeeuòty ku`mltok`s tblt o` tur`prkvomf eltabo`j jrl`ts tk o``kvltovf#suaafssuc k`%prkt krjlòzltok`s o`ckw%oàkef akeeuòtofs. Hktb tbfo`tfrefmolrofs l`m tbfor `k`%prktjrl`tffs lrf rfquorfm tk eltab u`mstbfy rfafovf rke tbf Qkaolc O``kvltok`Gu`m mkcclr kr mkcclr. Qoàf oàfptok`#tbf Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m blscfvfrljfm VQ- 16> eoccok` o` lmmotok`lcprovltf u`ms# suppkrto`j 8>< `k`%prktkrjlòzltok`s o` 1= VQ stltfs.=

^kcoay o` Latok`

]bf Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa ^lrtoaopltok` uàtok`s ls l pkcoay lmvoskr tk tbfVQ ^rfsomf`t. Ls wotb ktbfr Zbotf Bkusf kafs# tbf wkri tblt QOA^ bfcps tk mfvfckp osfotbfr alrrofm kut hy fmfrlc ljfàofs kr wrottf` o`tk cfjoscltok` l`m plssfm hy Ak`jrfss"kr fxlepcf rkjrle%Xfcltfm O`vfstef`t rfjucltok` rfvosok` l`m tbf Qkaolc O``kvltok`Gu`m# rfspfatovfcy/. ]bf Kaf lcsk bls tbf pkwfr tk lmvosf tbf VQ rfsomf`t k` pkcoaofsl`m prkjrleefs# l`m tk colosf wotbo` tbf fmfrlc jkvfrèf`t l`m wotb l hrklm stlifbkcmfrakeeuòty# hut QOA^ os kt proelrocy o`vkcvfm o` el`ljo`j# oepcfef`to`j kr ckhhyo`j kr

cfjoscltok` kr fw prkdfats.

Zbf` oòtolccy akàfovfm hy stl lt tbf AL^# QOA^‟s jklcs kausfm fxacusovfcy k` jrkwo`jskaolc f`tfrprosf l`m o``kvltok` hy mfvfckpo`j u`mo`j kppkrtuòtofs# urturo`j arkss%sfatkr plrt`frsbops l`m fxpckro`j rfjucltkry hlrrofrs. Qoàf oepcfef`tltok`# ots jklcs blvffxpl`mfm tk oàcumf aovoa plrtoaopltok` l`m f`jljo`j Lefroal`s o` vkcu`tffrose. Ls lrfsuct# QOA^ krjlòzfs ots fkrts lrku`m tbf kcckwo`j tbrff lrfls k wkri4

∘ Fàkurljo`j puhcoa sfrvoaf tbrkujb tbf mfvfckpef t k fw l`m tbf fxpl`sok` k fxosto`j puhcoa vkcu`tffr prkjrleefs# plrt`frsbops l`m puhcoa sfrvoaf kppkrtuòtofs oàkeeuòtofs tbrkujbkut tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs

∘ Oàrflso`j o`vfstef`t o` skaolc o``kvltok`# oàcumo`j bksto`j jltbfro`js l`m prkvomo`jpkcoay lmvkalay lrku`m tlx rfkre# fàkurljo`j trl`splrfày o` akrpkrltok`s l`m`k`%prkt krjlòzltok`s# suppkrto`j oeplat fvlcultok` fkrts# suppkrto`j tbf hfttfr

utocozltok` k puhcoa u`ms l`m prkekto`j pkcoaofs tblt cfvfrljf provltf alpotlc kr skaolcpurpksf. lrt k tbos wkri akeprosfm cluàbo`j tbf Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m "sff tbf–QOA^ k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok`/

∘ Fxpckro`j puhcoa%provltf plrt`frsbops ls l wly tk fàkurljf skaolc o``kvltok`#oàcumo`j wkri k` tbf Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m# ljfày%cfm puhcoa sfrvoaf prkjrleefsl`m sfatkr%spfaoa ossufs coif tbf Fmualtf tk O``kvltf prkjrleef tblt suppkrtssaofàf# tfab`kckjy# f`jo`ffro`j l`m eltbfeltoas fmualtok`

]bf Kaf vofws skaolc o``kvltok` ls skcvo`j kcm prkhcfes o` fw wlys# `k elttfrwbfrf tbf omfl krojo`ltfs. Ot os cfss akàfr`fm wotb mfòtok`lc ljrffef`t k` wblt skaolco``kvltok` efl`s# kauso`j o`stflm k` suppkrto`j l`m bojbcojbto`j wkri l`m krjlòzltok`s‑ wbftbfr provltf kr puhcoa# kr%prkt kr k`%prkt ‑ tblt blvf salclhcf skcutok`s tk suabprfsso`j prkhcfes o` tbf puhcoa o`tfrfst ls u`fepckyef`t# fmualtok`# l`m bflctb# lek`jktbfrs.

Qoàf k o`stotutok`lc el`mltf kr skaolc o``kvltok` fxosts# mfspotf ots Zbotf Bkusfckaltok`# QOA^ mfpf`ms k` stl o` ktbfr ljfàofs l`m tbrkujbkut tbf fmfrlc jkvfrèf`ttk oepcfef`t tbf skaolc o``kvltok` pkcoay ljf`ml. Ktbfr skaolc o``kvltok` pkcoaofs# coif tbfprkjrleefs QOA^ bfcps tk put o` pclaf# ely blvf ck`jfr stlyo`j pkwfr tbl` QOA^ o tbfpkcotoalc wo`ms sbot# plrtoauclrcy o tbfy blvf jlr`frfm cfjoscltovf lpprkvlc. Ot os oepkrtl`t tk`ktf# bkwfvfr# tblt o` pkcotoalccy ablccf`jo`j toefs# cfjoscltok` ely kt hf l volhcf rkutf.

Fxfautovf Kgaf kg tbf ^rfsomf`t

Kgaf kg Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa ^lrtoaopltok`

Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m"O plrt`frsbop wotb Akrpkrltok gkr

@ltok`lc l`m Akeeu oty Qfrvoaf/

Mkefstoa ^kcoay Akuàoc

O`tfr%ljfày oòtoltovfs

O`vfsto`j o` O``kvltok` "O1/ Gu`m"O plrt`frsbop wotb Mfplrtef`t kg Fmualtok /

Ablrt Ifys

F`totofs

Alsf Qtumy Gkaus

ûhcoa Qfatkr+

Jkvfrèf`t Ljfàofs

^rovltf Qfatkr

O`tfrefmolrofs

Xfcltok`sbops



O`vfstef`t-

= Qff bttp4++www.jpk.jkv+msys+pij+^CLZ%<<<puhc<1+pm+^CLZ%<<<puhc<1.pm l`m bttp4++www. ltok`lcsfrvoaf.jkv+lhkut+prkjrles+o``kvltok .lsp



8= Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Oeplat tk Mltf

]k mltf# tbf Kaf bls proelrocy cfvfrljfm tbf ak`vfò`j pkwfr k tbf Zbotf Bkusf tkkrjlòzf arkss%sfatkr fvf`ts kausfm k` skaolc o``kvltok`# suppkrtfm tbf oepcfef`tltok`k rfcltfm pkcoaofs larkss tbf fmfrlc jkvfrèf`t# l`m lssostfm o` tbf mfvfckpef t k pkcoaofs tblt suppkrt k`%prkt krjlòzltok`s l`m skaolc f`tfrprosfs. Bojbcojbts k QOA^‟swkri oàcumf4

∘ Mfvfckpo`j l VQ- 6> eoccok` Qkaolc O``kvltok` Gu`m lt tbf Akrpkrltok` kr @ltok`lc l`m

Akeeuòty Qfrvoaf tk cfvfrljf VQ- 16> eoccok` o` provltf ek`fy o` suppkrt k skaolco``kvltok`6

∘ Lmvoso`j l VQ- 76> eoccok` O`vfsto`j o` O``kvltok` "o1/ Gu`m lt tbf Mfplrtef`t k Fmualtok`7

∘ Quppkrto`j l` o`tfrljfày wkrio`j jrkup k` oeplat fvlcultok`:

∘ Ak%bksto`j l ak`frfàf k` uso`j prozfs l`m ablccf`jfs tk spur o``kvltok`2

∘ Lmvoso`j k` tbf mfvfckpef`t k ljf ay%cfm o``kvltok` ablccf`jfs suab ls tbfMfplrtef`t k Akeefraf‟s o7 Ablccf`jf l`m @LQL‟s O``kvltok` Oàuhltkr Oòtoltovf?

]bf Kaf bls lmmotok`lccy suppkrtfm o``kvltok` o` tbf provltf o`vfstef`t splaf hyfàkurljo`j tbf lmkptok` k ly kr Quaafss hk`ms "tbf VQ fquovlcf`t k skaolc oeplathk`ms/# ak`trohuto`j tk tbf rfvosok` k VQ ^rkjrle%Xfcltfm O`vfstef`t rfjucltok` l`mmosausso`j tbf usf k hk`ms tk suppkrt o`rlstruaturf mfvfckpef t.


]bf Kaf fcfvltfs tbf skaolc o``kvltok` mosaussok` l`m ljf`ml k skaolc f`trfprf`furswotbo` tbf VQ jkvfrèf`t. Ot wls spfaoalccy mfsoj`fm tk sot wotbo` tbf Zbotf Bkusf lsl wly k cf`mo`j cfjotoelay l`m oepkrtlàf tk skaolc o``kvltok` ak`vfrsltok`s wotbkutslmmco`j ak`vfrsltok`s wotb hurfluarltoa ak`strlo`ts tblt akucm stogf o``kvltok` kr hfpkcotoalccy o`flsohcf. kcoay%elifrs kr stlifbkcmfrs ak`somfro`j oepcfef`to j l pkcoaylmvoskry kaf wotbo` jkvfrèf`t akucm ak`somfr tbf kcckwo`j4

^claf pkcoay kafs wbfrf ablepok`s lcrflmy fxost

]bf oepcfef`tltok` k QOA^ wls bflvocy rfcol t k` tbf fxostfàf k ify mfaosok`%elifrswbk alrfm lhkut tbf omfl# oàcumo`j tbf VQ ^rfsomf`t. Arflto`j l pkcoay kaf# plrtoauclrcywotbo` tbf fxfautovf hrlàb# os moauct wotbkut ify mfaosok`%elifrs tk suppkrt ot.

Arfltf kppkrtuòty kr arfltovoty l`m o``kvltok` hy autto`j larkss fxosto`j sfatkrs

l`m socks# hfo`j eo`muc k hurfluarltoa hlrrofrs

Hfalusf QOA^‟s ljf`ml mkfs `kt t squlrfcy wotbo` fxosto`j skaolc# `làolc kr fak`keoapkcoay lrfls# ot ru`s tbf rosi k hfo`j kvfrckkifm. ]bf rffmke tk blvf pkcoay mosaussok`swotb# kr fxlepcf# bflctb# fmualtok` l`m `làf ljfàofs al` auctovltf arfltovoty l`mkpf``fss# hut wkrio`j wotb jkvfrèf`t stl wbksf rkcfs lrf tofm tk fxosto`j hurfluarlayal` pksf l ablccf`jf.

Hf pkcotoalccy lstutf l`m wocco`j tk elif lmdustef`ts ls ck`j ls akrf tf`fts lrf `kt

akeprkeosfm

AL^ stl efehfrs acksf tk tbf mfvfckpef t k tbf omfls hfbo`m QOA^ wfrf strltfjoalccypclafm tk kcckw tbrkujb k` tbf fxfautok` k tbfsf omfls ls plrt k tbf prfsomf`tolctrl`sotok` tfle# wotb l prfsomf`t wbk wls lef`lhcf tk tbf kaf‟s u`mfrcyo`j omfls. ]bf oàkrpkrltok` k l aovoa plrtoaopltok` ljf`ml rfgfatfm prljeltoa mfaosok`%elio`j#skcomoyo`j QOA^‟s fxostfàf wotb eoòelc tk `k eossok` mrot hy oàkrpkrlto`j k`f k tbf^rfsomf`t‟s prokrotofs wotb l acksf f`kujb akàfptulc lcojèf`t tk lcckw tbf Kaf tkpursuf ots jklcs wbocf elo`tloò`j aruaolc prfsomf`tolc suppkrt.

6 Qff bttp4++www.wbotfbkusf.jkv+lmeo ostrltok`+fkp+soap+oòtoltovfs+skaolc%o``kvltok %u`m.7 Qff bttp4++www8.fm.jkv+prkjrles+o``kvltok`+o`mfx.btec.: Qff bttp4++www.wbotfbkusf.jkv+lmeo ostrltok`+fkp+soap+oòtoltovfs+eflsurfef`t%fvlcultok`.2 Qff bttp4++www.wbotfbkusf.jkv+lmeo ostrltok`+fkp+soap+oòtoltovfs+prozfs%ablccf`jfs.? Qff bttp4++www.`lsl.jkv+kafs+kat+bkef+o`mfx.btec l`m bttp4++www.wbotfbkusf.jkv+hckj+8><>+>6+>1+ akeefraf%cluàbfs%`fw%ablccf`jf%hro`j%ykur%omfls%elrift%lstfr.




Huocm Elrift O`rlstruaturf

l`m Alplaoty

>6 Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc# Vòtfm Io`jmke


Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc os tbf kutakef k tbf VI Jkvfrèf`t‟s kausfm fkrt kvfr el`y yflrstk rflab tbf aku`try‟s pkkrfst akeeuòtofs tbrkujb –skaolc o`vfstef`t―# o.f. o`vfstef`tkr skaolc l`m `làolc rftur`. ]bf mofrf`t jkvfrèf`ts o` pkwfr blvf fxprfssfm lakeeotef t tk skaolc o`vfstef`t jko`j ls lr hlai ls <??:. Bkwfvfr# o` Lproc 8>>>#tbf jrku`ms sbotfm9 tbf VI Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Gkrue# l` o`mfpf`mf`t efehfrsboplsskaoltok`# fstlhcosbfm l Qkaolc O`vfstef`t ]lsi Gkraf ablorfm hy tbf prkeo`f`t VI vf`turf alpotlcost Qor Xk`lcm Akbf`. ]bf ]lsi Gkraf wls f`mkrsfm hy Bfr Eldfsty‟s ]rflsury ls l krelc –khsfrvfr― l`m ablrjfm wotb elio`j l` –urjf`t hut ak`somfrfmlssfssef`t k wlys o` wboab tbf VI akucm labofvf l rlmoalc oeprkvfef`t o` ots alplaoty

tk arfltf wflctb# fak`keoa jrkwtb# fepckyef`t l`m l` oeprkvfm skaolc lhroa…―.<

]bf rfsucto`j ]lsi Gkraf rfpkrt8 prkvomfm rfakeef`mltok`s kr oàrflso`j o`vfstef`t#f`tfrprosf l`m wflctb arfltok` wotbo` tbf VI‟s pkkrfst lrfls# l`m stltfm tblt l –wbkcfslcfo`tfrefmolry― spfaoalccy kausfm k` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke‟s akeeuòty mfvfckpef`t`làf elrift wkucm hf l pkwfruc stoeucl`t tk tbf skaolc sfatkr. ]bfsf `mo`js trojjfrfmekrf tbl` l mfalmf k jkvfrèf`t l`m pkcoay o``kvltok` tblt wkucm uctoeltfcy rfsuct o` tbfarfltok` k Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc. Zotbo` tbf VI Alho`ft Kaf# tbf Kaf kr Aovoc Qkaofty"krefrcy tbf Kaf k tbf ]borm Qfatkr/# fstlhcosbfm o` 8>>7# o` plrt suppkrts# juomfs l`mlmeoòstfrs tbf jkvfrèf`t‟s o`tfrfst o` skaolc o`vfstef`t.1

L`ktbfr oepkrtl t eocfstk`f o` Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc‟s fstlhcosbef t wls oòtoltfm o` 8>>6wotb tbf jkvfrèf`t‟s arfltok` k tbf O`mfpf`mf`t Akeeossok` k` Vàcloefm Lssfts#lcsk ablorfm hy Qor Xk`lcm# tk ak`somfr bkw uàcloefm lssfts "ek`fy sotto`j u`tkuabfm

kr kvfr <6 yflrs o` mkrel`t hlì l`m huocmo`j skaofty laaku`ts/ akucm hfst hf usfm krskaolc hf`ft. ]bf Akeeossok`‟s `lc rfpkrt o` 8>>: rfakeef`mfm arflto`j l –skaolco`vfstef`t hlì― tblt os o`mfpf`mf`t k jkvfrèf`t l`m usfs rfacloefm mfpksots tk latls l wbkcfslcfr k alpotlc. ]bf rfakeef`mltok` wls efekrolcozfm o` 8>>2# wbf` tbfVI lrcolef`t plssfm tbf Mkrel`t Hlì l`m Huocmo`j Qkaofty Laaku`ts Lat# krelccyrfakjòzo`j l wbkcfslcf hlì ls k`f k tbrff lcckwlhcf usfs kr uàcloefm lssfts. O` 8><>tbf VI Jkvfrèf`t akeeottfm tk uso`j lcc mkrel`t laaku`t ek`fy lvloclhcf kr spf`mo`jo` F`jcl`m tk fstlhcosb l skaolc o`vfstef`t wbkcfslcf o`stotutok`.

O` 8><< Qor Xk`lcm# lck`j wotb HQA‟s Abof Fxfautovf Kafr @oai K‟Mk`kbkf# tbf` tbfJckhlc Bflm k Xfsflrab lt D^ Ekrjl`# suheottfm l` kutco`f tk tbf jkvfrèf`t kr l–Hoj Qkaofty Hlì―# wboab tbfy mfvfckpfm ltfr suhstl`tolc ak`suctltok` wotb skaolc%sfatkrkrjlòzltok`s l`m o` acksf akcclhkrltok` wotb tbf Alho`ft Kaf. O` Lproc 8><8# tbf –Hlì―#`kw i`kw` ls Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc# wls kaolccy lutbkrozfm hy tbf VI Go`làolc Qfrvoafs

Lutbkroty l`m clu abfm hy tbf ^roef Eoòstfr.

Jfkjrlpby4 Vòtfm Io`jmke

]kkciot stfp4 Huocm Elrift O`rlstruaturfl`m Alplaoty

O` Hrof4 Arfltfm o` 8><8 ls tbf auceo`ltok`k ekrf tbl` l mfalmf k arkss%plrtyjkvfrèf`t fkrts o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmketk strf`jtbf` skaolc o`vfstef`t elrifts#Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc "HQA/ sfrvfs ls l–wbkcfslcfr―# mfpckyo`j lssfts tk skaolco`vfstef`t o`tfrefmolrofs. Hoj QkaoftyAlpotlc‟s uctoeltf khdfatovf os tk prkvomfskaolc%sfatkr krjlòzltok`s wotb laafsstk `fw skurafs k `làf l`m tk hkcstfr#o` plrt# l` kvfrlrabo`j jkvfrèf`tfkrt tk blvf ekrf sfrvoafs mfcovfrfm hyvkcu`tlry# akeeuòty l`m skaolc f`tfrprosfkrjlòzltok`s. HQA# wboab wocc jrkw tk l`fstoeltfm £7>> eoccok` "VQ- ?<8 eoccok`/o` akeo`j yflrs# os lcsk ablrjfm ekrfhrklmcy wotb oàrflso`j tbf lwlrf`fssk l`m ak`mfàf o` skaolc o`vfstef`thy prkekto`j hfst prlatoafs l`m sblro`jo`kreltok`# oeprkvo j coìs hftwff` tbfskaolc o`vfstef`t l`m elo`strfle `làolc

elrifts# l`m wkrio`j wotb ktbfr o`vfstkrstk fehfm skaolc oeplat lssfssef`t o`tktbfor o`vfstef`t mfaosok`%elio`j prkafss.

HQA prkvomfs oepkrtl`t o`sojbts kr pkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk tbf Vòtfm Io`jmkels l` fxlepcf k bkw tk huocm elrifto`rlstruaturf l`m alplaoty# oàcumo`j4∘ Jlr`fr ak`sf`sus l`m akcclhkrltok`

larkss plrtofs# pkcotoalc hkmofs l`m

tbf puhcoa l`m provltf sfatkrs tkekhocozf l uòfm vosok`# kvfr toef

∘ Omf`toy l ablepok` wbku`mfrstl`ms l`m al` rfprfsf`t hktb

puhcoa l`m provltf sfatkr o`tfrfsts ∘ Mfvfckp akepcfef`tlry pkcoaofs tk

suppkrt tbf elrift‟s hlclàfm l`m

sustlo`lhcf jrkwtb# akvfro`j hktbtbf –suppcy― l`m –mfel`m― somfs k

skaolc o`vfstef`t

< Gkr ekrf o`kreltok` sff4 www.skaolco`vfstef`ttlsikraf.krj.8 Qff F`tfrproso`j Akeeuòtofs4 Zflctb Hfyk`m Zfclrf. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.skaolco`vfstef`ttlsikraf.krj+

mkw`cklms+QO]G[Kat[8>>>.pm.1 ]bf VI Alho`ft Kaf bls l hrklmfr el`mltf tk suppkrt tbf roef Eoòstfr l`m Mfputy roef Eoòstfr l`m

f`surf tbf ffatovf ru`ò`j k jkvfrèf`t. Qff bttps4++www.jkv.ui+jkvfrèf`t+krjlòsltok`s+alho`ft%kaf+

lhkut.




^kcoay o` Latok`

Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc sfrvfs ls l –wbkcfslcfr―# mfpckyo`j lssfts tk skaolc o`vfstef`to`tfrefmolrofs# wboab lrf krjlòzltok`s tblt prkvomf lpprkproltf l`m lkrmlhcf `làfl`m suppkrt tk tbf skaolc sfatkr "o.f. rk`tco`f ablrotofs# skaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m vkcu`tlrykrjlòsltok`s/. Gkr l` fxlepcf k l` o`tfrefmolry# @fstl O`vfstef`t El`ljfef`t# sfftbf –HQA k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok`. Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc‟s proelry khdfatovf ostk o`vfst o` l`m strf`jtbf` tbfsf o`tfrefmolrofs# wboab ot mkfs tbrkujb tbf usulc efl`sk huocmo`j rfcltok`sbops l`m l popfco`f k mflcs l`m ak`muato`j muf mocojfàf cfm hy l`

o`vfstef`t tfle k <> prkfssok`lcs. Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc os fxpfatfm tk laaruf £7>>eoccok` "VQ- ?<8 eoccok`/ kvfr tbf `fxt vf yflrs# oàcumo`j £=>> eoccok` "VQ- 7>2 eoccok`/rfakvfrfm rke uàcloefm hlì mfpksots o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke l`m £8>> eoccok` "VQ-1>= eoccok`/ rke Hrotlo`‟s kur clrjfst rftloc hlìs# Hlraclys# BQHA# Cckyms Hlìo`j Jrkupl`m XHQ.

K plrtoauclr `ktf os HQA‟s akeeotef`t tk sfc%suaofày l`m# kvfrtoef# mfcovfro`j lselcc rftur` tk ots sblrfbkcmfrs. Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc wocc elif o`vfstef`ts wotb rosi l`mrftur` ablrlatfrostoas akeplrlhcf tk tbf hrklmfr `làolc elrift l`m os kt pfreottfm tksuhsomozf tbf rftur`s k provltf o`vfstkrs ‑ kr# put l`ktbfr wly# tk tlif l rosiofr pksotok`tbl` l`y ktbfr o`vfstkr o` tbf slef mflc# kr tbf slef `làolc rftur`. O` l elrift wbfrfel`y skaolc%sfatkr huso`fss ekmfcs blvf hff` sbkw` tk hf kt `làolccy volhcf wotbkutsuhsomy# tbos oepcofs fotbfr tblt huso`fss ekmfcs wocc abl`jf kvfr toef ‑ rfspk`mo`j tktbf jkvfrèf`t‟s fkrts tk mfcovfr urtbfr puhcoa sfrvoafs tbrkujb vkcu`tlry# akeeuòty

l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf krjlòzltok`s ‑ kr tblt HQA wocc hf rfstroatfm tk labofvo`j ots eossok`tbrkujb l rfcltovfcy lrrkw uòvfrsf k o`vfstlhcf kppkrtuòtofs. HQA os fxpfatfm tk hfaltlcytoa o` tbf prkvosok` k akr`frstk`f o`vfstef`t kr `fw u`ms l`m o`tfrefmolrofs#suhkrmo`ltf mfht l`m fquoty# l`m julrl`tffs.

Lt tbf bflrt k HQA os l rfcltovfcy akepcfx sft k jkvfr`làf lrrl`jfef`ts tblt julrl`tfftbf o`stotutok`‟s o`mfpf`mfàf rke jkvfrèf`t. ]bos oàcumfs4

∘ L efablòse tk trl`sfr tbf £=>> eoccok` "VQ- 7>2 eoccok / o` mkrel`t laaku`ts kvfrtbf fxt vf yflrs tbrkujb l sfplrltf u`m.

∘ ]bf arfltok` k Hoj Qkaofty ]rust tk rfprfsf`t tbf o`tfrfsts k mkrel`t lssfts l`m tkf`surf tblt HQA rfelo`s truf tk ots eossok`. ]bf ]rust bls ots kw` hklrm k` wboab tbfjkvfrèf`t bls k`f sflt.

∘ Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc otsfc# wotb ots kw` sfplrltf hklrm l`m vf sblrfbkcmfrs4 HojQkaofty ]rust wotb 7>&# l`m Hlraclys# BQHA# Cckyms Hlìo`j Jrkup l`m XHQ flab

wotb <>& stlifs. Zbocf tbf hlìs blvf =>& k tbf sblrfs# tbfy wocc `fvfr blvf ekrftbl` 8>& k tbf vktf# wboab bfcps tk prfsfrvf HQA‟s skaolc purpksf.

HQA K` tbf Jrku`m

@fstl O`vfstef`t El`ljfef`t

@fstl O`vfstef`t El`ljfef tCC^ "@OE/ os l VI provltf fquotyu`m el`ljfr tblt bls rlosfm @fstlOeplat O`vfstef`ts < "@OO%</# l coeotfmplrt`frsbop o`vfsto`j o` o``kvltovf skaolc

vf`turfs uso`j tfab`kckjy tk elif lpksotovf oeplat k` tbf wfcc%hfo`j k l`ljfo`j pkpucltok`# tbf fmualtok` l`mfepckylhocoty k yku`j pfkpcf# l`m tbfskaolc l`m f`vorkèf`tlc sustlo`lhocoty k akeeuòtofs.

O` Gfhrulry 8><1# @OO%< stkkm lt £<:.7eoccok` "VQ- 87.: eoccok`/ l`m wlsalpotlcozfm wotb £2 eoccok` "VQ- <8.8eoccok`/ rke ots plrf`t# tbf ablroty @fstl#l` £2 eoccok` "VQ- <8.8 eoccok`/ ak%o`vfstef`t rke HQA# l`m £<.7 eoccok`"VQ- 8.= eoccok`/ rke Keomylr @ftwkri.

HQA wls `kt tbf skcf akr`frstk`fo`vfstkr o` tbos fxlepcf# hut ot bfcpfm@OE rf`f ots o`vfstlhcf uòvfrsf l`mos fxpfatfm tk hf l` k`jko`j skuraf k mflc gkw. @OO%< rflabfm l rst acksf o`Katkhfr 8><8 ltfr dust sox ek`tbs k u`mrloso`j# l eocfstk`f tblt wkucm ktblvf hff` lttlo`fm ls quoaicy wotbkutHQA‟s suppkrt.

Mkrel`t Laaku ts

Gkur –BojbQtrfft Hlìs

VI Alho`ft KgafK`f efehfr k` tbf

Hklrm kg HQ]

-

-

]rl`sgfr Efablòse

Hoj QkaoftyAlpotlc

Hoj Qkaofty]rust

-

-

blrt Ifys

F`totofs

Alsf Qtumy Gkaus

ûhcoa Qfatkr+

Jkvfrèf`t Ljfàofs

^rovltf Qfatkr

O`tfrefmolrofs

Xfcltok`sbops



O`vfstef`t-



8:Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc os kpfrltok`lccy o`mfpf`mf`t hut ots o`tfrfsts lrf acksfcy lcoj`fm wotbtbksf k tbf `ltok`lc jkvfrèf`t l`m ots pusb kr kutakef%hlsfm pfrkrelàf o` puhcoa%sfrvoaf mfcovfry# oàcumo`j hy mfvfckpo`j vohrl`t fw skaolc vf`turfs o` bflctb# wfclrf#fmualtok`# aroeo`lc dustoaf l`m ktbfr sfatkrs. Hfalusf HQA fefrjfm rke tbf VI Alho`ftKaf# acksf ak``fatok`s rfelo` hftwff` tbf twk o`stotutok`s# f`lhco`j laafss tk tbfcltfst tboìo`j k` puhcoa%sfrvoaf rfkres tblt suppkrt HQA‟s o`vfstef`t alplaoty. HojQkaofty Alpotlc bls lcsk lttrlatfm l` fxafptok`lccy tlcf`tfm tfle k prkfssok`lcs prfaosfcyhfalusf ot fxosts ls l` o``kvltok` o` puhcoa%provltf plrt`frsbop l`m pclys l uòqufcy bojb%prkcf rkcf.

Oeplat tk Mltf

Ls k Mfafehfr 8><8# HQA blm elmf £66 eoccok` "VQ- 21.6 eoccok`/ o` o vfstef`takeeotef`ts tk vf jf`frlcost skaolc u`ms# sox skaolc oeplat hk`ms l`m twk elrifto`rlstruaturf prkvomfrs4 Acflrcy Qk# wboab hrkifrs rfcltok`sbops hftwff` skaolcf`trfprf`furs rloso`j alpotlc l`m o`vfstkrs# l`m tbf Qkaolc Qtkai Fxabl`jf. Hoj QkaoftyAlpotlc‟s oòtolc akeeotef`ts blvf hff` eltabfm <4< hy ktbfr provltf l`m ablrotlhcf ak%o`vfstkrs.


HQA fxosts tblìs tk l akeho`ltok` k pkcotoalc wocc# l`m tbf rojbt ablepok`# tbf rojbtkppkrtuòty o` tbf elrift l`m ak`motok`s spfaoa tk tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke‟s pkcotoalc#

fak`keoa l`m skaolc f`vorkèf`t. Zbocf ot bls hff` o` kpfrltok` kr dust k`f yflr# otsakàfptok` l`m struaturf prkvomfs oepkrtl`t cfssk`s tk pkcoay%elifrs kutsomf k tbfVòtfm Io`jmke4

Jlr`fr ak`sf`sus l`m akcclhkrltok` larkss plrtofs# pkcotoalc hkmofs l`m tbf puhcoa

l`m provltf sfatkrs tk ekhocozf l uòfm vosok`# kvfr toef

]bf Vòtfm Io`jmke bls hf`ftfm rke l ck j bostkry k puhcoa o``kvltok` l`mfxpfroef`tltok` o` skaolc o`vfstef`t# hromjo`j pkcotoalc lmeoòstrltok`s. Hoj QkaoftyAlpotlc fefrjfm ls l rfsuct k tbos latovoty# huocmo`j k` tbf cfssk`s rke prfaurskrs. K`fprfaurskr# kr fxlepcf# wls tbf GuturfHuocmfrs Gu`m# wboab wls arfltfm o` 8>>1 wotb£<86 eoccok` "VQ- <?> eoccok`/ tk prkvomf ckl` `lào`j# jrl`ts l`m prkfssok`lc suppkrt tkskaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m tk bfcp tbfe mfcovfr puhcoa%sfrvoaf ak`trlats.

Omf`toy l ablepok` wbk u`mfrstl`ms l`m al` rfprfsf`t hktb puhcoa l`m provltf

sfatkr o`tfrfstsQor Xk`lcm Akbf` bls hff` l ak`stl`t prfsfàf tbrkujbkut HQA‟s mfvfckpef`t. QorXk`lcm‟s pfrsk`lc arfmohocoty ls l bojbcy rfspfatfm o`vfstkr l`m skaolc%sfatkr vosok`lryelmf boe tbf omflc ablepok`.

Mfvfckp akepcfef`tlry pkcoaofs tk suppkrt tbf elrift‟s hlclàfm l`m sustlo`lhcf

jrkwtb# akvfro`j hktb tbf –suppcy― l`m –mfel`m― somfs k skaolc o`vfstef`t

Lck`jsomf HQA# l m tk bfcp huocm l strk`j popfco`f k o`vfstohcf prkpksotok`s o` tbf skaolco`vfstef`t elrift# tbf Alho`ft Kaf bls oepcfef tfm uefrkus ktbfr pkcoaofs tk hkcstfrtbf –mfel`m― kr alpotlc l`m o`vfstlhocoty k skaolc vf`turfs. ]bos oàcumfs tbf O`vfstef`tl`m Ak`trlat Xflmo`fss Gu`m "lcsk prkcfm o` tbos rfpkrt/# l £<> eoccok` "VQ- <6.8 eoccok`/jrl`t prkjrleef suppkrto j skaolc vf`turfs o` khtloò`j fw kres k alpotlc l`makepfto`j kr puhcoa%sfrvoaf ak`trlats# l`m tbf Qkaolc Oàuhltkr Gu`m# l`ktbfr £<> eoccok`jrl`t prkjrleef kr krjlòzltok`s i`kw` ls oàuhltkrs tblt wkri tk elif flrcy%stljfskaolc vf`turfs volhcf.




>7 ]bf Wf`turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m# Jbl`l


O` 8>>=# QEFs rfprfsf`tfm ?>& k lcc rfjostfrfm huso`fssfs o` Jbl`l# fepckyo`j ekrftbl` 7>& k tbf wkrikraf l`m akeproso`j 1>& k JM^.8 Bkwfvfr# ls l 8>>= V@O`mustrolc Mfvfckpef`t Krjlòzltok` rfpkrt fxpclo`fm4 –Ck`j tfre `lào`j o` tfres k fquoty alpotlc# `ffmfm hy jrkwtb%krof`tfm elo`cy selcc l`m efmoue akeplòfs# os vortulccy`k`%fxostf`t.―1 ^rfvokus jkvfrèf`t%ru` QEF `lào`j prkjrleefs ‑ suab ls tbfFxpkrt Mfvfckpef`t l`m O`vfstef`t Gu`m "FMOG/ ‑ lttfeptfm tk lmmrfss tbos `lào`jjlp. ]bfsf prkjrleefs eft sfvfrlc ablccf`jfs# oàcumo`j stroat rfjucltkry rfstroatok`sl`m l clai k suppkrto`j elrift o`rlstruaturf# hut occustrltf tbf Jkvfrèf`t k Jbl`l‟sakeeotef t tk acksf tbf QEF `làf jlp.=

Gkcckwo`j tbfsf oòtolc prkjrleefs# l jrkup k o`tfr`ltok`lc mfvfckpef`t `làfo`stotutok`s "MGOs/ l`m ckalc Jbl`lol` o`vfstkrs sujjfstfm tbf Jkvfrèf`t k Jbl`lak`somfr krelc cfjoscltok` tblt wkucm kt k`cy prkvomf `lào j kptok`s tk QEFs hutwkucm mfvfckp tbf suppkrto`j elrift o`rlstruaturf. O` rfspk`sf tk tbfsf sujjfstok`s# tbfJkvfrèf`t ak`vf`fm l` lmvoskry jrkup k hlìfrs# provltf o`vfstkrs l`m o`tfr`ltok`lcMGOs tk fxpckrf vlrokus oàf`tovfs l`m pkcoay rfkres tk hkkst tbf vf`turf alpotlc o`mustry.

]bf lmvoskry jrkup‟s fkrts o`krefm tbf Jbl`lol ^lrcolef`t‟s plssljf k Lat 72> o`8>>=# fstlhcosbo`j tbf WA]G. Hftwff` 8>>= l`m 8>>7# 88.= eoccok` Jbl`l afmos "lt tbftoef# VQ- 88.= eoccok`/6 wfrf rlosfm kr WA]G prkjrleefs tbrkujb l 86& akeeotef`trke tbf @ltok`lc Xfak`struatok` Cfvy. ]bos Cfvy wls arfltfm tk u`m jkvfrèf`t%ru`mfvfckpef t prkjrleefs l`m lafm kppksotok` hy tbf huso`fss akeeuòtofs k` wboabtbf tlx wls oepksfm. O` lmmotok` tk tbf Cfvy# Lat 72> o`moaltfm tblt lmmotok`lc WA]Gu`mo`j akucm hf rlosfm tbrkujb ktbfr provltf o`vfstef`ts kr mk`ltok`s.

Gkcckwo`j tbf plssljf k Lat 72># tbf rfsomf`t k Jbl`l lppko`tfm WA]G‟s Hklrm k ]rustffs# akeprosfm k jkvfrèf`t l m provltf sfatkr rfprfsf`tltovfs. Qbkrtcy tbfrfltfrtbf ^rfsomf`t lcsk lppko`tfm l abof fxfautovf kafr tk tbf WA]G# l jkvfrèf`t kaolcrfspk`sohcf kr upmlto`j tbf eoòstry k` tbf kpfrltok`lc stltus k tbf WA]G.

^kcoay o` Latok`

Vso`j Cfvy u`ms# tbf WA]G o`vfstfm o` elrift o`rlstruaturf hy mfvfckpo`j o`tfrefmolrofs#i`kw` ls vf`turf alpotlc `làf akeplòfs. Hy tbf f`m k 8>>7# tbf rst twk k tbfsf`làf akeplòfs wfrf cluàbfm ‑ Latovoty Wf`turfs l`m Jkcm Wf`turf Alpotlc. Flab wlssffmfm wotb lpprkxoeltfcy VQ- = eoccok` rke tbf WA]G l`m VQ- 7 eoccok` rke ktbfr ckalco`vfstkrs "elo`cy hlìs l`m o`surlàf akeplòfs/. Zotb tbfsf rst `làf akeplòfs# tbf WA]G wls latovfcy o`vkcvfm o` mfvfckpo`j huso`fss pcl`s l`m sftto`j o`vfstef`t arotfrolstl`mlrms kr o`vfsto`j o` QEFs wotb skaolc kr f`vorkèf`tlc eossok`s. ]bf o`lujurlcu`ms prkvomfm l rffrfàf rke wboab suhsfquf`t `làolc sfrvoaf prkvomfrs wfrf lhcf tk

suheot prkpkslcs o` co`f wotb WA]G khdfatovfs.

O` 8>>:# tbf WA]G cluàbfm twk ekrf `làf akeplòfs# Hfmrkai Wf`turf Alpotlc l`mGomfcoty Fquoty Gu`m OO7 "sff tbf –WA]G k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok`/. Hy tbf f`m k 8>>:# tbf WA]G blm rlosfm l tktlc k VQ- =:.8 eoccok`# oàcumo`j hktb Cfvy mkcclrs l`mprovltf o`vfstef`t tblt cfvfrljfm tlx oàf`tovfs kr o`vfsto`j o` tbf `làf akeplòfs. O`8>>?# l tb `làf akepl`y wls fstlhcosbfm# Fhlìfsf Gu`m Ctm.

Jfkjrlpby4 Jbl`l

]kkciot stfp4 Huocm Elrift O`rlstruaturfl`m Alplaoty

O` Hrof4 ]bf Jkvfrèf`t k Jbl`l‟s Wf`turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m "WA]G/ loes–tk prkvomf `làolc rfskurafs kr tbfmfvfckpef`t l`m prkektok` k vf`turfalpotlc `lào`j kr Qelcc l`m EfmoueF`tfrprosfs "QEFs/―.< Qoàf ots arfltok` o`8>>= hy tbf Wf`turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m

Lat "Lat 72>/# tbf WA]G bls mfpckyfm VQ-<: eoccok`# `lào`j =2 QEFs tbrkujb vfo`tfrefmolry u`ms# o` lmmotok` tk prkvomo`jtfabòalc lssostlàf kr o`vfstkrs l`mf`trfprf`furs.

Qkaolc f`tfrprosf os l jrkwo`j suhsftk Jbl`l‟s fefrjo`j QEF elrift. O` lmfvfckpo`j fak`key suab ls Jbl`l#el`y QEFs suppkrtfm hy tbf WA]Gprkvomf fepckyef`t kr prfvokuscy dkhcfsso`movomulcs l`m ktf` oeprkvf laafss tkhlsoa sfrvoafs o` bflctbalrf l`m fmualtok`.O` lmmotok`# tbf WA]G bls lmvkaltfmkr o`mustry o`rlstruaturf mfvfckpef t#

oàcumo`j l` l`jfc o`vfstkr ftwkri# lrfsflrab prkjrleef l`m l plrt`frsbop wotbtbf Jbl`lol` stkai fxabl`jf.

]bf WA]G prkvomfs sfvfrlc ak`somfrltok`skr oepcfef`to`j soeoclr rfkres kr pkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk Jbl`l ls l` fxlepcfk bkw tk huocm elrift o`rlstruaturf l`malplaoty# oàcumo`j4

∘ Arlt cfjoscltok` prkvomo`j gfxohocotytk labofvf fcm%huocmo`j jklcs

∘ Omf`toy lpprkproltf skurafs ksffm u`mo`j tblt cfvfrljf coeotfmjkvfrèf`t rfskurafs tk f`surfprkjrleeltoa sustlo`lhocoty

∘ ^rkvomf tfabòalc lssostlàf tkstlifbkcmfrs tbrkujbkut tbf elrift

faksystfe

< ]bf ^lrcolef`t k tbf Xfpuhcoa k Jbl`l# Lat 72>4 Wf`turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m Lat. <: @kvfehfr 8>>=. Lvloclhcflt4 bttp4++www.vf turfalpotlcjbl`l.ake.jb+Co iAcoai.lspx;cftoaift5H28Vk]&8Hj:Q=&1M'tlhom517'eom51:6.8 Ef`slb# Qle# –L Xfvofw k QEF Go`lào`j Qabfefs o` Jbl`l# rfsf`tfm lt tbf V@OMK Xfjok`lc Zkrisbkpk Go`lào`j Qelcc l`m Efmoue Qalcf F`tfrprosfs# Laarl# Jbl`l# <6%<7 Elrab 8>>=―. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.

sfe`làolc.ake+puhcoaltok`s+QEF&8>Go`lào`j&8>Qabfefs&8>o`&8>Jbl l.pm.1 Ohom.# p. 7.= Ohom.6 Muf tk l` oàrflsf o` fxabl`jf rltfs# tkmly tbos leku`t fqulcs lpprkxoeltfcy VQ- <8eoccok`. Hfalusf tbf WA]Gos struaturfm k` tbf VQ mkcclr# tbf fxabl`jf rltf bls blm l sojòal`t oeplat k` WA]G u`ms.7 Gomfcoty Fquoty Gu`m OO os tbf sfak`m u`m k l` lcrflmy fstlhcosbfm ckalc o`vfstef`t el`ljfr# Gomfcoty Alpotlc^lrt`frs# wbkccy o`mfpf`mf`t rke tbf VQ re# Gomfcoty O`vfstef`ts.

Huocm Elrift O`rlstruaturf

l`m Alplaoty



8?Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

: L`ùlc rfpkrt 8>>?# 8>>> Af`sus pkpucltok` stltostoas2 Qff bttp4++www.vf`turfalpotlcjbl`l.ake.jb+CoìAcoai.lspx;cftoaift5LpCC7]wAm1k&1M'tlhom517.? Qff bttp4++www.lmfbyfel`.ake+mftlocs.ae;thc@fwsAltOM5=8'prkmaltOM52'thc@fwsOM5<>2

O` iffpo`j wotb tbf sfak`m el`mltf k Lat 72># tbf WA]G ak`toùfm tk huocm tbfJbl`lol` vf`turf alpotlc elrift# mfvfckpo`j l ftwkri k provltf stlifbkcmfrs tk suppkrtots u`mrloso`j l`m tfabòalc lssostlàf latovotofs. ]k oòtoltf ak``fatok`s hftwff` tbfQEF akeeuòty l`m o`vfstkrs# tbf WA]G bfcm dko`t o`vfstkr+QEF rku`mtlhcfs larkss tbfaku`try. O` lmmotok`# WA]G stl rflcozfm tblt ekrf tbl` 7>& k QEFs lppcyo`j kr alpotlcrke `làf akeplòfs alef rke tbf Jrfltfr Laarl Xfjok`# wboab rfprfsf`tfm k`cy<8& k tbf aku`try‟s pkpucltok`.: O` 8><> tbf WA]G hfjl` l aku`trywomf –rklm sbkw―tk fmualtf f`trfprf`furs o` ktbfr rfjok`s lhkut tbfor sfrvoafs. Gurtbfrekrf# o` 8><< otfstlhcosbfm tbf Jbl`l L`jfc O`vfstkr @ftwkri tk krelccy krjlòzf wflctby o`movomulcs tk

o`vfst o` l`m ef`tkr f`trfprf furs.

]bf WA]G wls o`struef`tlc o` arflto`j tbf Jbl`l Lctfr`ltovf Elrift "JLR/# l` lctfr`ltfcosto`j k` Jbl`l‟s stkai elrift spfaoalccy kr QEFs# sabfmucfm tk kpf` o` 8><1. Ls tbff`try akst o`tk tbf proelry elrift fxabl`jf os tkk fxpf`sovf kr selccfr huso`fssfs# tbfJLR wocc kfr l ekrf laafssohcf kptok` kr QEFs tk lttrlat o`vfstef`t. ]bf WA]G os lcskwkrio`j wotb tbf Jbl`l Qtkai Fxabl`jf tk fstlhcosb l u`m mfmoaltfm tk bfcpo`j QEFsakvfr tbf uprk`t akst rfquorfm tk cost k` tbf Fxabl`jf.2

Hy 8><8# tbf WA]G rlosfm l tktlc k VQ- 62.8 eoccok`# mfpckyfm ls o`vfstef`ts o`tk`làf akeplòfs l`m usfm tk suppkrt WA]G kpfrltok`s. Bkwfvfr# tbf elo` skuraf k WA]G u`mo`j# tbf Cfvy# wls rfpflcfm o` Mfafehfr 8>>7 muf tk kppksotok` rke clrjfakrpkrltok`s. Ls l rfsuct# tbf WA]G bls kt blm suaof`t u`mo`j tk cluàb l`ktbfr`làf akepl`y soàf 8>>?. Ekvo`j krwlrm# tbf WA]G os ckkio`j kr fw u`mo`j

kppkrtuòtofs wotb MGOs l`m ktbfr o`tfr`ltok`lc `làolc o`stotutok`s wotb tbf bkpf k rloso`jlmmotok`lc alpotlc l`m labofvo`j sustlo`lhocoty.

Oeplat tk Mltf

Ls k spro`j 8><1# tbf vf vf`turf alpotlc `làf akeplòfs blvf o`vfstfm ekrf tbl`VQ- <: eoccok` o`tk =2 QEFs larkss vlrokus sfatkrs k tbf Jbl`lol` fak`key# oàcumo`jo` bflctbalrf# fmualtok` l`m ljrk%prkafsso`j f`tfrprosfs prkmuao`j otfes suab lso`fxpf`sovf plailjfm kkms l`m ctfrfm wltfr. ]bfsf QEFs prkvomf ekrf tbl` <#>>>morfat dkhs l`m l` fstoeltfm 1#>>> o`morfat dkhs tbrkujb tbf fxpl`mfm kpfrltok s k pkrtkcok akeplòfs.

]bf WA]G bls pclafm Jbl`l lt tbf krfrk`t k tbf Lroal` vf`turf alpotlc fcm. Muf tk tbf WA]G‟s lwlrf`fss%huocmo`j latovotofs l`m jrku`mwkri# ktbfr vf turf alpotlc u`ms blvf

hfju` tk fefrjf o` Jbl`l. Gurtbfr fxpl`mo`j ots wkri# o` 8><8 tbf WA]G rfafovfm l VQ-<6>#>>> jrl`t rke tbf Xkaiffccfr Gku`mltok` tk mfvfckp tbf oeplat o`vfsto`j elrift o`Jbl`l. ]bos u`mo`j wocc hf usfm tk pfrkre l akeprfbf`sovf cl`msalpf k tbf aku`try‟soeplat o`vfsto`j elriftpclaf l`m tk fstlhcosb tbf Jbl`l O`stotutf kr Xfspk`sohcfO`vfstef`t.

WA]G K` tbf Jrku`m

Gomfcoty Fquoty Gu`m OO l`m Lmfbyfel`

Qlvo`js l`m Ckl`s

Lmfbyfel` Qlvo`js ' Ckl`s Coeotfm"LQC/ os l` Laarl%hlsfm eoark`l afakepl`y sfrvo`j u`mfrsfrvfmf`trfprf`furs hy prkvomo`j tbf `làolc

sfrvoafs fafsslry tk jrkw tbforeoarkhuso`fssfs. LQC‟s acof`ts oàcumff`trfprf`furs coif Fccf` Ksfo Kwusuwbk# tbrkujb twk ckl`s kr l tktlc k JBA 1#6>> "VQ- <#2>>/# bls hff` lhcftk mfvfckp bfr huso`fss sfcco`j ckalccypro`tfm acktbs. Vso`j tbf LQC ckl`s#sbf bls ak`trohutfm tk tbf jrkwtb k tbf ckalc lrtosl` fak`key hy kpfò`j lsfak`m sbkp l`m os pcl`ò`j tk lppcy krl tborm ckl` tk pursuf mfsojò`j bfr kw`lhroas.?

Gomfcoty Fquoty Gu`m OO "l WA]G `làfakepl`y/ o`vfstfm l tktlc k VQ- <.6eoccok` o` LQC o` Gfhrulry 8>>2 tk u`mhrlàb fxpl`sok`# el`ljfrolc alplaotyhuocmo`j l`m tfab`kckjy upjrlmfs. Zotbtbos o`vfstef`t# LQC bls hff` lhcf tkjrkw rke k`f hrlàb tk sox# jrfltcyfxpl`mo`j ots jfkjrlpboa rflab l`mskaolc oeplat.



1> Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`


]bf WA]G os o` el`y wlys l uòquf ekmfc spfaoalccy mfsoj`fm tk wkri wotbo tbfJbl`lol` elrift. Bkwfvfr# tbf krjlòzltok` l`m tbf Lat tblt fstlhcosbfm ot lmmrfss el`yhrklmfr ossufs rke wboab ktbfr jkvfrèf`ts al` cflr`4

Arlt cfjoscltok` prkvomo`j gfxohocoty tk labofvf fcm%huocmo`j jklcs

Ify tk tbf fxpl`sok` k tbf WA]G wls tbf gfxohocoty jrl`tfm tbrkujb tbf sfak`m aclusfk Lat 72># pfreotto`j ot tk usf u`ms tk –prkektf vf`turf alpotlc `lào`j o` jf`frlc―.

Zbocf tbf Hklrm k ]rustffs os akepksfm k jkvfrèf`t lppko`tffs wbk eust rfpkrt tktbf Eoòstry k Go`làf l`m Fak`keoa cl`ò`j# tbf sfak`m aclusf lcckws tbfe tk elifprkjrleeltoa mfaosok`s o`mfpf`mf`t k jkvfrèf`t. ]bf o`mustry‟s jrkwtb `fafssotltfm`fw skcutok`s u`krfsff` lt tbf toef k tbf WA]G‟s fstlhcosbef`t l`m tbos gfxohocotylcckwfm ot tk lmlpt# kr fxlepcf hy arflto`j l` l`jfc o`vfstkr ftwkri l`m l` QEF%spfaoa stkai fxabl`jf.

Omf`toy lpprkproltf skurafs k sffm u`mo`j tblt cfvfrljf coeotfm jkvfrèf`t

rfskurafs tk f`surf prkjrleeltoa sustlo`lhocoty

Zbocf tbf Jkvfrèf`t k Jbl`l ak`toùfs tk suppkrt tbf WA]G l`m tbf rkcf ot pclys o`Jbl`l# ot os `kt lhcf tk prkvomf lmfqultf u`mo`j wotbkut tbf rfpflcfm Cfvy. ]k laocotltf lstrk`j# sustlo`lhcf prkjrleef# tbf WA]G os sffio`j l ck`jfr%tfre l`m ekrf ak`sostf`tskuraf k sffm u`mo`j tblt cfvfrljfs coeotfm jkvfrèf`t rfskurafs o` krmfr tk lttrlatlmmotok`lc provltf u`ms l`m f`lhcf tbf prkjrleef tk blvf lr jrfltfr rflab.

^rkvomf tfabòalc lssostlàf tk stlifbkcmfrs tbrkujbkut tbf elrift faksystfe

]bf WA]G tlifs l akeprfbf`sovf lpprklab# prkvomo`j tfabòalc lssostlàf tk o`vfstkrs#u`m el`ljfrs l`m QEFs. ]bos os sff` tbrkujb tbf WA]G‟s wkri o` fstlhcosbo`j tbf rstvf`turf alpotlc `làf akeplòfs# trloò`j u`m el`ljfrs tk abkksf o`vfstef`ts wotbskaolc kr f`vorkèf`tlc hf`fts l`m laocotlto`j tbf Jbl`l L`jfc O`vfstkr @ftwkri. ]bfsfprkjrleefs blvf prkvomfm l ku`mltok` kr tbf jrkwtb k tbf vf`turf alpotlc elrift#lcckwo`j tbf WA]G‟s fkrts tk hf sustlo`fm# rfpcoaltfm l`m euctopcofm.



1<Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

^rfplrf F`tfrprosfs

kr Jrkwtb

>: ]bf O`vfstef`t l`m Ak`trlat Xflmo`fss

Gu`m# VI


]bf Jkvfrèf`t k tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke bls kausfm o` rfaf`t yflrs k` mfvfckpo`j otsskaolc sfatkr# rfakjòzo`j tblt l clrjfr l`m ekrf sustlo`lhcf uòvfrsf k skaolc vf`turfs#oàcumo`j ablrotofs# skaolc f`tfrprosfs# eutulcs< l`m akeeuòty o`tfrfst akrpkrltok`s "lspfaolccy%mfsoj`ltfm huso`fss wotb l skaolc purpksf/# akucm mrlstoalccy oeprkvf tbf VI‟spkkrfst akeeuòtofs.

]bos fkrt bls cfm ekst `ktlhcy tk tbf arfltok` k Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc# l £7>> eoccok` "VQ-?<8 eoccok`/ o`mfpf`mf`t –wbkcfslcf― o`vfstkr o` skaolc `làf o`tfrefmolrofs o`tf`mfmtk fxpl`m tbf suppcy k alpotlc kr skaolc vf`turfs "lcsk prkcfm o` tbos rfpkrt/. ]bf

Jkvfrèf`t lcsk o`stotutfm l suotf k prkjrleefs tk strf`jtbf` skaolc vf`turfs morfatcy.

Laakrmo`j tk elrift plrtoaopl`ts# skaolc vf turfs tblt akucm usf tbos `fw alpotlc claifmo`vfstef`t rflmo`fss.8 O` lat# skaolc f`trfprf`furs tbfesfcvfs stltfm tblt suppkrt krhuocmo`j o`tfr`lc huso`fss alplhocoty wls l ekrf prfsso`j ffm tbl` tbf prkvosok` k `làf otsfc.1 Qoeoclrcy# el`y skaolc vf`turfs claifm alplaoty tk suaafssuccy hom krjkvfrèf`t ak`trlats# l ablccf`jf tk l rfcltfm l`m plrlccfc fkrt tk kpf` up tbf prkvosok`k puhcoa sfrvoafs tk ekrf akepftotok` rke tbf skaolc sfatkr.

Ls l rfsuct# tbf Kaf kr Aovoc Qkaofty# l uòt wotbo` tbf VI Alho ft Kaf wotb tbf rfeot tkwkri wotb l`m suppkrt tbf skaolc sfatkr# cluàbfm tbf O`vfstef`t l`m Ak`trlat Xflmo`fssGu`m o` 8><8 tk f`surf skaolc vf`turfs lrf hfttfr fquoppfm tk sfaurf fw kres k o`vfstef`t l`m akepftf kr puhcoa sfrvoaf.

^kcoay o` Latok`

]bf O`vfstef`t l m Ak`trlat Xflmo`fss Gu`m "OAXG/ os l £<> eoccok` "VQ- <6.8 eoccok`/#tbrff%yflr jrl`t prkjrleef. OAXG jrl`t leku`ts rl`jf rke £6>#>>> "VQ- :7#>>>/ tk£<6>#>>> "VQ- 882#>>>/ l`m lrf lvloclhcf tk skaolc vf`turfs tblt blvf tbf pktf`tolc tkprkvomf tbfor sfrvoafs l`m pksotovf skaolc oeplat lt salcf# hut lrf kt yft o` l pksotok` tktlif k` ckl`s. Fcojohcf skaolc vf`turfs oàcumf ablrotofs# skaolc f`tfrprosfs# akeeuòtyo`tfrfst akrpkrltok`s l`m eutulcs. ]bf jrl`tffs al` usf OAXG u`ms tk purablsfprkfssok`lc lmvoaf rke lpprkvfm –o`vfstef`t l`m ak`trlat rflmo`fss prkvomfrs―. Lsl morfat rfsuct k tbf prkvomfrs‟ suppkrt# jrl`tffs lrf fxpfatfm tk labofvf k`f k tbfkcckwo`j twk kutakefs4

∘ Xlosf kvfr £6>>#>>> "VQ- :7>#>>>/ o` provltf alpotlc ∘ Hom k` jkvfrèf`t ak`trlats k kvfr £< eoccok` "VQ- <.6 eoccok`/

]bf OAXG os latovfcy el`ljfm hy ]bf Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Huso`fss "]QOH/ k` hfblc k tbf

VI Jkvfrèf`t. ]QOH os l spfaolcost o`mfpf`mf`t u`m el`ljfr tblt wls sfcfatfm lslmeoòstrltkr k tbf prkjrleef kcckwo`j l puhcoa tf`mfr prkafss. Ls OAXG el`ljfr# ]QOH os tlsifm wotb kvfrsffo`j lcc lspfats k tbf prkjrleef# oàcumo`j lpprkvo`j l`melrifto`j suppkrt prkvomfrs# skcoaoto`j# lssfsso`j l`m lmeoòstfro`j jrl`ts# elio`jplyef`ts l`m eflsuro`j suaafss.

L af`trlc flturf k tbf OAXG os ]QOH‟s fstlhcosbef t k l` o`vfstkr pl fc tk rfvofw l mlpprkvf lppcoaltok`s. ]bos struaturf f`surfs tblt tbf u`m suppkrts skaolc vf`turfshfcofvfm tk hf tbf ekst volhcf# hlsfm k` rflc o`vfstef`t arotfrol l`m pfrspfatovfs. Otlcsk morfatcy lcoj`s tbf jrl`t%elio`j mfaosok`s k –tkmly― wotb k`f k tbf pkcoay‟s akrfkhdfatovfs kr –tkekrrkw―# o.f. tbf rloso`j k provltf alpotlc wotbo` twk yflrs. ]bf Alho`ftKaf bls k`%vkto`j rfprfsf tltok` k` tbf pl`fc l`m k`cy bfcps juomf mfaosok`s wbfrftbfrf lrf kppkrtuòtofs tk lcoj` OAXG latovotofs wotb womfr jkvfrèf`t pkcoay.

Jfkjrlpby4 F`jcl`m# VI

]kkciot stfp4 ^rfplrf F`tfrprosfs krJrkwtb

O` Hrof4 ]bf O`vfstef`t l`m Ak`trlatXflmo`fss Gu`m "OAXG/ os l tbrff%yflr £<>eoccok` "VQ- <6.8 eoccok`/ u`m cluàbfmo` 8><8 tblt prkvomfs jrl`t suppkrt tkskaolc vf`turfs kr tbf purpksf k hfttfrfquoppo`j tbfe tk sfaurf fw kres k

o`vfstef`t l`m akepftf kr puhcoa%sfrvoafak`trlats.

]bf OAXG kfrs oepkrtl`t o`sojbts krpkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk Ftbf VI ls l`fxlepcf k bkw tk prfplrf f`tfrprosfs krjrkwtb# oàcumo`j4∘ Mfvfckp o`tfrefmolrofs lck`jsomf

skaolc f`tfrprosfs

∘ Arfltf kppkrtuòtofs kr krelccy

f`jljo`j l`m cfvfrljo`j lcc ify

stlifbkcmfrs

∘ V`mfrstl`m tblt tbf lvloclhocoty k

rfskurafs tk oepcfef`t l pkcoay wocc

o`gufàf ots mfsoj`

< Mf`fm hy tbf Alho`ft Kaf ls –l` krjlòsltok` wboab bls cft tbf puhcoa sfatkr "lcsk i`kw` ls ‒spo`ò`j kut‟/

hut ak`toùfs tk mfcovfr puhcoa sfrvoafs. Eutulcs lrf krjlòsltok`s o` wboab fepckyff ak`trkc pclys l sojòal`t rkcf

o` tbfor kpfrltok`―. Gkr ekrf o`kreltok`# sff4 bttp4++eutulcs.alho`ftkaf.jkv.ui+wblt.8 Qff tbf Alho`ft Kaf‟s Gfhrulry 8><< rfpkrt# –Jrkwo`j tbf Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Elrift4 L vosok` l`m strltfjy―.

Lvloclhcf lt4 bttps4++www.jkv.ui+jkvfrèf`t+upcklms+systfe+upcklms+lttlabef`t[mltl+cf+7<<26+=>=?:>[

QkaolcO`vfstef`tElrift[laa.pm.1 Kaf k tbf ]borm Qfatkr# Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Zbkcfslcf Hlì4 Queelry k rfspk`sfs tk tbf ak`suctltok`# 8>>?.




]QOH os lcsk fxpfatfm tk tlif lmvl tljf k tbf gfxohocoty tbf Alho`ft Kaf huoct o tk tbfprkjrleef. ]bf ekst prkeo`f`t fxlepcf os l` fxpfatfm sbot o` 8><1 tk elif skefpkrtok` k tbf jrl`ts rfplylhcf# ak`sostf`t wotb tbf mfsorf tk hfttfr lcoj` oàf`tovfs. O`ffat# alsb suppkrt kr skaolc vf`turfs wocc plrtolccy hf struaturfm ls zfrk%o`tfrfst ckl`srfplylhcf k` o`vfstef`t rlosfm. Xfplylhcf lwlrms wocc mfcovfr jrfltfr elrift mosaopco`ftk lppcoaltok` humjfts l`m wocc hf laakeplòfm hy kutakef pfrkrelàf lwlrms krprkvomfrs.

Akrf prkjrleef akepk`f`ts oepcfef`tfm hy ]QOH l`m ak`sostf`t wotb tbf krojo`lc

prkpkslc oàcumf4

∘ O` plrt`frsbop wotb lpprkvfm suppkrt prkvomfrs# skaolc vf`turfs lppcy tk tbf OAXGtbrkujb l akepftotovf prkafss

∘ Jrl`ts prkvomfm tk skaolc vf`turfs rl`jf hftwff` £6>#>>> l`m £<6>#>>>∘ L elxoeue k =>& k l`y OAXG Jrl t al` hf usfm hy l skaolc vf`turf tk oepcfef t

suppkrt prkvomfr rfakeef`mltok`s9 tbf huci k ekòfs os plssfm tbrkujb tk suppkrtprkvomfrs

∘ Gu`mfm latovotofs al` spl` up tk <2 ek`tbs9 tbf eldkroty k lwlrms akvfr tbrff% tkò`f%ek`tb pfrokms

∘ Quppkrt prkvomfrs lrf lpprkvfm tbrkujb l sfplrltf lppcoaltok` prkafss

Zbocf tbf VI Jkvfrèf`t bls suaaffmfm o` oepcfef`to`j tbf OAXG lt l toef k lustfroty#tbf rfcltovfcy ekmfst plyef`t tk ]QOH ls lmeoòstfr k tbf prkjrleef ‑ 1& k jrl`t

u`ms# kr £1>>#>>> "VQ- =67#>>>/ kvfr tbrff yflrs ‑ bls oeplatfm skef akepk`f`tsk tbf OAXG prkjrleef. Zotb fwfr rfskurafs tk prkvomf muf mocojfàf k` lppcoaltok`shfkrf fcfvlto`j tbfe kr l `lc mfaosok` tk tbf o`vfstkr pl`fc# ]QOH bls rfcofm k` tbfvkcu`tffr fkrts k pl`fccosts ekrf tbl` l`toaopltfm. ]bf wocco`j`fss k tbfsf fxpfrts tkakeeot sojòal`t toef tk tbf OAXG os tfstlef`t tk tbf pfrafovfm oepkrtl af k tbf u`mls l` làbkr o` tbf VI elrift l`m fvomfàfs tbf Jkvfrèf`t‟s o`gufàf ls l altlcystl`m ak`vf`fr.

]QOH bls lcsk o`vfstfm cfss bflvocy o popfco`f mfvfckpef`t# rfcyo`j k` tbf aruaolc l`mfstlhcosbfm rfcltok`sbops hftwff` lpprkvfm prkvomfrs l`m skaolc vf`turfs kr mflc gkw.Zbf` ot bls hff` lhcf tk o`vfst ‑ tbrkujb effto`js# hrof`js l`m ffmhlai ‑ ]QOH blskausfm k` f`blào`j tbf qulcoty k lppcoaltok`s# wotb pksotovf rfsucts. L`m `lccy# tbfrfos coeotfm alplaoty kr mkauef`to`j l`m mossfeo`lto`j cfssk`s rke tbf prkjrleef# l`mots mftlocfm oeplats. ]bfsf o`sojbts lrf fxpfatfm tk hf lek`j tbf OAXG‟s ekst vlculhcf

ak`trohutok`s tk tbf fcm.

OAXG K` tbf Jrku`m

Qkaolc Go`làf l`m Qblrfm Covfs

Qkaolc Go`làf os k`f k OAXG‟s lpprkvfmsuppkrt prkvomfrs l`m# lt tbf f`m k Mfafehfr 8><8# blm suaafssuccysfaurfm u`mo j kr vf kut k sox k otso`vfstef`t rflmo`fss lppcoal`ts. K`f

k tbfsf f`tfrprosfs# Qblrfm Covfs#wls l``kuàfm o` Qfptfehfr 8><8ls lek`j tbf rst fojbt rfaopof`ts k u`mo`j rke OAXG.

Qblrfm Covfs os l ltok`lc ftwkri k selcc# akeeuòty%hlsfm alrf l`msuppkrt skcutok s kr moslhcfm lmucts.Qblrfm Covfs wocc usf OAXG u`mo`j tklssfss tbf pktf`tolc kr skaolc o`vfstef`to` tbf fxpl`sok` k tbfor prkjrle.Zotbkut suppkrt rke OAXG# QblrfmCovfs akucm sfaurf lctfr`ltovf u`mo`j#hut `kt ls quoaicy kr ls flrcy o` tbfkrjlòzltok`‟s mfvfckpef`t# laakrmo`jtk Qkaolc Go`làf.

]bf rst fojbt rfaopof`ts k OAXGu`mo`j# tktlcco`j <e "VQ- <.6 eoccok`/#lrf fxpfatfm tk cfvfrljf l tktlc 81e"VQ-16 eoccok`/ o` provltf o`vfstef`tsl`m puhcoa ak`trlats.

QkaolcF`tfrprosf

OAXG Lpprkvfm

Quppkrt^rkvomfrs

O`vfstef`t l`m Ak`trlatXflmo`fss Gu`m "OAXG/

El`ljfm hy ]bf Qkaolc O `vfstef`t Huso`fss "]QOH/

VI Alho`ft Kgaf

OAXG O`vfstkr

^l`fc

-

-

-

blrt Ifys

F`totofs

Alsf Qtumy Gkaus

ûhcoa Qfatkr+

Jkvfrèf`t Ljfàofs

^rovltf Qfatkr

O`tfrefmolrofs

Xfcltok`sbops



O`vfstef`t-




Oeplat tk Mltf

]bf OAXG bls hff suaafssuc sk lr o` ots akrf khdfatovf k mostrohuto`j u`ms tk jrkwo`jskaolc f`tfrprosfs kr tbf fxpcoaot purpksf k tlio`j lmvl`tljf k fw kppkrtuòtofs o` tbfelrift. ]wf`ty%sfvf` f`tfrprosfs blm rfafovfm u`ms ls k 1< Dlùlry 8><1# wotb l tktlck £8.7 eoccok` "VQ- 1.?6 eoccok`/ o` jrl`ts lwlrmfm# o` co`f wotb tbf Jkvfrèf`t‟s khdfatovfk mostrohuto`j £=.6 eoccok` "VQ- 7.2 eoccok`/ o` yflr k`f# tblt slef leku`t ljlo` o` yflrtwk# l`m £< eoccok` "VQ- <.6 eoccok`/ o` yflr tbrff.

Lpprkxoeltfcy 76& k vf`turfs blvf rfafovfm suppkrt kr o`vfstef`t rflmo`fssljlo`st 16& kr ak`trlat rflmo`fss ‑ l spcot tblt rfgfats tbf tf`mfày kr o`vfstef`trflmo`fss tk hf ekrf rojkrkuscy mkauef`tfm o` lppcoaltok`s l`m ekrf flsocy lssfssfm.Ak`trlat rflmo`fss# k` tbf ktbfr bl`m# os suhdfat tk jrfltfr uàfrtlo`tofs o` tbf puhcoaakeeossokò`j f`vorkèf`t.

]bf uctoeltf suaafss k tbf prkjrleef wocc hf mftfreo`fm hy tbf mfek strltfm lhocotyk f`tfrprosfs tk rlosf provltf alpotlc l`m wo` jkvfrèf`t ak`trlats. Zotb tbf rst jrl`tsmostrohutfm o` cltf 8><8# tbf OAXG mkfs `kt fxpfat tk sff rfsucts hfkrf cltf 8><1 kr 8><=.


]bf OAXG os l` fxlepcf k bkw jkvfrèf`t al` pcly l oepkrtl`t rkcf o` mfvfckpo`jo`vfstlhcf kppkrtuòtofs. Ot kfrs o`sojbts tk pkcoay%elifrs o`tfrfstfm o` prkvomo`j soeoclr

suppkrt l`m alplaoty huocmo`j4

Mfvfckp o`tfrefmolrofs lck`jsomf skaolc f`tfrprosfs

]bf OAXG‟s ekst oepkrtl t cfjlay ely hf tk huocm o`tfrefmolry o`rlstruaturf# wotb 82prkvomfrs aurrf tcy lpprkvfm tk suppcy lmvoaf tk f`tfrprosfs l`m lppcy dko`tcy kr OAXGu`mo`j. ]bfsf prkvomfrs lrf tbf prkjrleef‟s proelry skuraf k mflc gkw l`m jrl`tlppcoaltok`s. O` lmmotok`# tbf OAXG‟s u`mo`j prkvomfs l arotoalc skuraf k oàkef. Gkrfxlepcf# k`f k tbf prkvomfrs# Qkaolc Go`làf "sff tbf –OAXG k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbossfatok`/# fxpfats tk mfrovf lrku`m <>& k ots kpfrlto`j rfvfùf rke tbf OAXG o` akeo`jyflrs.

Arfltf kppkrtuòtofs kr krelccy f`jljo`j l`m cfvfrljo`j lcc ify stlifbkcmfrs

Hy ak`vfò`j tbf o`vfstkr pl`fc tk lcckaltf OAXG jrl`ts# ]QOH laocotltfm l arotoalco``kvltok`. Ls o`vfstkrs# tbf pl`fccosts blvf l acflr oàf`tovf tk lcckaltf jrl`ts k`cy tk

tbf ekst prkeoso`j k f`tfrprosfs# hy mfluct f`suro`j tblt jkvfrèf`t u`ms lrf ekrffaof`tcy mfpckyfm. Qfplrltfcy# tbf pl`fccosts blvf hf`ftfm sojòal`tcy rke fxpksurftk tbf lppcoaltok`s# jloò`j l uòquf o`sojbt o`tk tbf popfco`f k uturf o`vfstffs o` tbf VI skaolc o`vfstef`t elrift# l`m rke f`jljfef`t wotb tbf fxpfrtosf l`m pfrspfatovfs k tbfor pffrs.

V`mfrstl`m tblt tbf lvloclhocoty k rfskurafs tk oepcfef`t l pkcoay wocc o`gufàf ots

mfsoj`

Lctbkujb sffeo`jcy khvokus# tbf lvloclhocoty k rfskurafs os wkrtb ef`tokò`j9 abl`jo jfak`keoa f`vorkèf ts kr pkcotoalc prokrotofs# kr fxlepcf# akucm blvf prlatoalcoepcoaltok`s. ]bf ekmfst rfskurafs lvloclhcf kr el`ljo`j tbf OAXG blvf rfquorfm skefarfltovoty tk f`surf qulcoty prkjrleef fxfautok`.



1= Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

>2 Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl# ^fru


]bf ^fruvol` Akkpfrltok` Gu`m kr Qkaolc Mfvfckpef`t "GK@AKMFQ/ wls fstlhcosbfmo` <??< tk o`vfst o` selcc o`rlstruaturf prkdfats "suab ls fmualtok`lc af`trfs l`mkkthromjfs/ tblt wkucm ak`trohutf tk tbf jrkwtb k pkkr l`m elrjo`lcozfm rfjok`s. LsGK@AKMFQ bls fvkcvfm# ot bls lcsk oàkrpkrltfm alplaoty%huocmo`j prkjrleefs tkmfvfckp tbf buel` alpotlc o` tbf akeeuòtofs o` wboab tbfy wkri.

O` 8><<# tbf Eoòstry k Mfvfckpef`t l`m Qkaolc Oàcusok` "EOMOQ/ wls arfltfm tkakkrmo`ltf hftwff` skaolc pkcoaofs l`m prkjrleefs larkss mofrf`t sfatkrs l`m cfvfcsk jkvfrèf`t tk hromjf tbf ck`j%stl`mo`j fxacusok`lry jlps o` ^fru.< Oàcumfm u`mfr

tbos `fw eoòstry wfrf prkjrleefs tblt prkvomfm oeefmoltf suppkrt tk oepkvfrosbfmbkusfbkcms "suab ls tbf ak`motok`lc alsb trl`sfr prkjrleef# Du`tks/ ls wfcc ls ck`jfr%tfre o`rlstruaturf l`m alplaoty%huocmo`j oòtoltovfs wotbo` GK@AKMFQ.

V`mfr tbf fw eoòstry# GK@AKMFQ bls hfju` tk wkri ekrf acksfcy wotb ckalcjkvfrèf`ts tk mfvfckp puhcoa%provltf plrt`frsbops tblt arfltf kppkrtuòtofs kr fak`keoajrkwtb. K`f akepk`f`t k tbos lpprklab# Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl "Ey F`trfprf`furolcGlre/# wls hlsfm k` tbf kutakefs k l pockt oòtoltovf tblt rl` rke 8>>?%8><># Eo Ablarl^rkmuatovl "Ey ^rkmuatovf Glre/.

]bf Eo Ablarl ^rkmuatovl pockt o`trkmuafm soepcf tfab`kckjofs l`m tfabòqufs tblt bfcpfmtk fxpl`m leocofs‟ oàkef%jf`frlto`j latovotofs. Zotb l humjft k <> eoccok` ufvk skcfs"VQ- 1.? eoccok`/ rke puhcoa u`ms# tbf pockt wkrifm wotb 7#6?8 bkusfbkcms. Qfvf`typfraf`t k tbf bkusfbkcms o`vkcvfm wfrf lcsk leocofs plrtoaoplto`j o` tbf ak`motok`lc

alsb trl`sfr prkjrleef# Du`tks# mfek`strlto`j tbf strltfjoa akkrmo`ltok` hftwff`jkvfrèf`t oòtoltovfs.

Laakrmo`j tk l tborm%plrty fvlcultok` k Eo Ablarl ^rkmuatovl ak`muatfm o` 8><< hytbf k`%prkt krjlòzltok`# Qwossak`tlat# tbf pockt wls k` trlai tk labofvf ots krojo`lckhdfatovfs.8 Gkr fxlepcf# k`f k tbf prkjrleef‟s jklcs wls tk f`surf tblt :6& k plrtoaoplto j bkusfbkcms prkmuafm l surpcus rke tbfor lre tk hro`j tk elrift. Zbocf tbfprkjrleef mom`‟t labofvf tbos rltf# ot mom prkept l sojòal`t oàrflsf9 lpprkxoeltfcy=6& k bkusfbkcms hrkujbt skef surpcus prkmuats tk elrift. ]bf fvlcultkrs mftfreo`fmtblt tbfsf uehfrs wkucm oàrflsf ls tbf o`tfrvf`tok`s blm ekrf toef tk tlif ffat.

O` tbfor fvlcultok`# Qwossak`tlat sujjfstfm tblt Eo Ablarl rkmuatovl hf rfpcoaltfm o`ktbfr rfjok`s# prkvomo`j sfvfrlc rfakeef mltok`s kr oeprkvo`j tbf oòtoltovf# oàcumo`j4

∘ Fxtf`m tbf oepcfef`tltok pfrokm rke ? tk <2 ek`tbs tk lcckw tbf ucc ffat k

o`tfrvf`tok`s tk hf rflcozfm ∘ Omf`toy ekrf puhcoa l`m provltf u`mo`j plrt`frs tk lmmrfss coeotfm humjfts l`m bflvy

stl wkricklm ∘ Lcckw kr ekrf gfxohocoty o` tbf lmlptok` k tfab kckjofs tk tbf movfrsf jfkjrlpbofs k

^fru ∘ Fxpl`m oàkef%jf`frlto j latovotofs hfyk`m hlsoa lreo`j

Jfkjrlpby4 ^fru

]kkciot stfp4 ^rfplrf F`tfrprosfs krJrkwtb

O` Hrof4 L` oòtoltovf k tbf ^fruvolÀkkpfrltok` Gu`m kr Qkaolc Mfvfckpef t#"GK@AKMFQ/# Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl"Ey F`trfprf`furolc Glre/ mfvfckpstbf alplaoty k rurlc f`trfprf`furs l`mbkusfbkcms covo`j o` fxtrfef pkvfrty

hy fxpl`mo`j l`m movfrsoyo`j oàkef%jf`frlto`j latovotofs l`m fàkurljo`jlrefrs tk hro`j fw prkmuats tk elrift.Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl mfek`strltfstbf kppkrtuòty wotbo` elrjo`lcozfmakeeuòtofs tk mfvfckp rurlc f`tfrprosfl`m o``kvltok`s wotb ck`j%tfre pktf`tolc krfak`keoa jrkwtb l`m o`vfstef`t o` fwjfkjrlpbofs l`m sfatkrs.

Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl prkvomfs sfvfrlco`sojbts kr pkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk fruls l` fxlepcf k bkw tk mfvfckp l`msuppkrt rurlc f`trfprf`furs# oàcumo`j4

∘ Omf`toy kppkrtuòtofs kr arkss%sfatkr plrt`frsbops tk f`surf

prkjrleeltoa sustlo`lhocoty

∘ O`trkmuaf prkjrleefs wotb aucturlc

lwlrf`fss tk cfvfrljf akeeuòtofs‟

rfskurafs l`m labofvf ckalc lpprkvlc

∘ Oàkrpkrltf rurlc f`tfrprosf

mfvfckpef`t o`tk l ck`j%tfre#

strltfjoa vosok` kr fak`keoa jrkwtb

< Qff4 EOMOQ# L ^kcoay kr Mfvfckpef`t l`m Qkaolc Oàcusok` o` fru# lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.eomos.jkh.pf+cfs+mka+

eomos[pkcotoals[mfslrrkcck[f`.pm

8 Qff bttp4++www.alclefk.ake+hkkis+>><6=2717:m18<=8?:>.

^rfplrf F`tfrprosfs

kr Jrkwtb




^kcoay o` Latok`

Huocmo`j k` prfvokus fxpfrofàfs l`m oàkrpkrlto`j Qwossak`tlat‟s rfakeef`mltok`s#o` 8><8 GK@AKMFQ cfvfrljfm u`mo`j rke tbf Gkkm l`m Ljroaucturf Krjlòzltok` k tbf Vòtfm @ltok`s l`m tbf Latok` Ljlo`st Bu`jfr Gku`mltok` tk mfvfckp Eo Ablarl^rkmuatovl o` vf mostroats. O` Du`f k tbf slef yflr# twk ekrf pockts wfrf mfvfckpfm uso`jpuhcoa u`ms. Go`lccy# o` Katkhfr 8><8# GK@AKMFQ cluàbfm Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl#tbf sfak`m otfrltok` k Eo Ablarl rkmuatovl# o` o`f lmmotok`lc mostroats "o` tbf rfjok`sk Lpuroela# Ausak# Bulàlvfcoal l`m Lylauabk/ wotb puhcoa u`mo`j rke tbf Fqulcoty

Gu`m. Gkr l` fxlepcf o` k`f rfjok` sff tbf –Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl k` tbf Jrku`m―hkx o` tbos sfatok`.

]k mfvfckp tbf alplaoty k rurlc f`trfprf`furs l`m bkusfbkcms covo`j o` fxtrfef pkvfrty#Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl oàkrpkrltfs kur akepk`f`ts1 mfrovfm rke Eo Ablarl^rkmuatovl4

∘ Oeprkvf lreo`j prkmuatok` systfes hy prkvomo`j tfabòalc lssostlàf tk oepcfef`tsoepcf# ckw akst tfab`kckjy o``kvltok`s. GK@AKMFQ bls omf`tofm <> hlsoatfab`kckjofs tblt al` hf oepcfef`tfm l`m lmlptfm tk tbf ckalc fak`keoa l`m aucturlcak`tfxt "f.j. orrojltok`# krjlòa frtocozfr l`m oeprkvfm stkvfs/

∘ Mfvfckp l`m elo`tlo` bflctby bkuso`j# suab ls slf iotabf`s# wltfr l`m skcom wlstfel`ljfef`t

∘ ^rkektf oàcusovf rurlc huso`fssfs hy bfcpo`j lrefrs krjlòzf o`tk huso`fsslsskaoltok`s# prfplrf huso`fss pcl`s l`m pursuf jrl`ts hy plrtoaoplto`j o`

akepftotok`s ∘ Huocm `làolc alplaoty hy bfcpo`j tk mfvfckp slvo`js pcl`s# plrtoauclrcy o` bkusfbkcms

rfafovo j lssostlàf rke tbf ak`motok`lc alsb trl`sfr prkjrleef# Du`tks

]bfsf `fw oòtoltovfs lrf oepcfef`tfm tbrkujbkut pkpucltok` af trfs k <>> bkusfbkcmsl`m morfatfm hy jkvfrò`j hkmofs alccfm –@ôacfks Fdfautkrfs―# akeprosfm k l prfsomf`t#sfarftlry# trflsurfr l`m ckalc jkvfrèf`t rfprfsf tltovf. ]bfsf jkvfrò`j hkmofs lrfrfspk`sohcf kr prkjrleef oepcfef`tltok` l`m rfaruot ckalc fxpfrts alccfm –_lablaboqs―"tbf \ufabul wkrm kr –tflabfr―/ wbk wkri wotb lpprkxoeltfcy 16 bkusfbkcms k`tbf kur prkjrleef akepk`f`ts. ]bf rkcf k _lablaboq os af`trlc tk Eo AblarlFeprf`mfmkrl# l`m tbf oòtoltovf prklatovfcy skcoaots tbfor ffmhlai l`m f`jljfef`t hysf`mo`j GK@AKMFQ rfprfsf tltovfs rke Coel tk tbf ckalc akeeuòtofs kr i`kwcfmjffxabl`jfs. Gu`mo`j rke GK@AKMFQ os prkvomfm kr tbfsf latovotofs tbrkujb Af`trlc@ôacfks Fdfautkrfs# prkvomo`j l struaturf kr ffatovf akeeuòty o`vkcvfef`t# ekòtkro`j

l`m supfrvosok`.

Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl K` tbf

Jrku`m

F`tfrprosf Mfvfckpef`t o` tbf

Vrplyplepl Akeeuòty

O` Katkhfr 8><8# Eo AblarlFeprf`mfmkrl hfjl` wkri o` tbfakeeuòty k Vrplyplepl o` tbf

Lylauabk rfjok`. K`f ckalc leocywkrifm wotb l _lablaboq tk upjrlmftbfor tfab`kckjy# oàcumo`j tbfor stkvfl`m orrojltok` systfes. ]bfy lcskrfafovfm trloò`j k` bkw tk jrkw ekrfvfjftlhcfs# l`m lclcl tk ffm tbforjuo`fl pojs. Ls l rfsuct k tbos tfabòalclssostlàf# tbf leocy oàrflsfmtbfor lre prkmuatok` sojòal`tcy9krefrcy elo`tloò`j hlrfcy f`kujb krsustf`làf# tbf leocy kw prkmuafsf`kujb tk sfcc juo`fl pojs lt ckalcelrifts.

]bf leocy lcsk mfvfckpfm l huso`fsspcl`# wo`ò`j jrl`t u`mo`j o` l huso`fsspcl` akepftotok`. O` tbf uturf tbfy bkpftk sfcc tbfor juo`fl pojs "l`m vfjftlhcfsls tbfy ak`toùf tk oeprkvf prkmuatok`/lt clrjfr# rfjok`lc elrifts.

Eoòstry kg Mfvfckpef`t l`m Qkaolc Oàcusok` "EOMOQ/

Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl

GK@AKMFQ Du`tks"ak`motok`lc alsb

trl`sgfr prkjrle/

Xurlc

F`trfprf`furs

@uacfks Fdfautkrfs

l`m _lablaboqs"ckalc jkvfrò j hkmofs l`m fxpfrts/

Ablrt Ifys

F`totofs

Alsf Qtumy Gkaus

ûhcoa Qfatkr+

Jkvfrèf`t Ljfàofs

^rovltf Qfatkr

O`tfrefmolrofs

Xfcltok`sbops



O`vfstef`t-

1 Qff GK@AKMFQ wfhsotf4 bttp4++www.k akmfs.jkh.pf+pkrtlc+o`mfx.pbp+prkjrlels+prkjrlels%ablarl




Oeplat tk Mltf

Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl os kw u`mfr wly o` << mostroats. Zotb aurrf`t u`mo`j# tbfprkjrleef wocc hf fxtf`mfm kvfr tbf fxt tbrff yflrs tk 1#8=: bkusfbkcms. O` 8><1#EOMOQ pcl`s tk ak`trohutf 77 eoccok` ufvk skcfs "VQ- 86 eoccok`/ tk salcf tbf prkjrleeftk l` lmmotok`lc 6> mostroats. ]bfsf latovotofs wocc hf trlaifm hy l tborm plrty wbk woccak`muat l` o`mfpf`mf`t fvlcultok` k tbf prkjrleef‟s suaafss.

Aurrf`tcy euab k tbf surpcus jf`frltfm hy tbf plrtoaoplto`j rurlc f`trfprf furs os k`cy

hfo`j skcm o`krelccy9 bkwfvfr# GK@AKMFQ bls hfju` tk omf`toy pktf`tolc plrt`frs "suabls supfrelrifts/ wbk al` purablsf prkmuats rke tbf ckalc akeeuòtofs. Ktbfr lvfùfskr rfvfùf jf`frltok` oàcumf rurlc tkurose mfvfckpef t l`m hrl`m elrifto`j tk oàrflsftbf vlcuf k tbf rurlc prkmuats.

]k f`surf tbf prkjrleef‟s sustlo`lhocoty# GK@AKMFQ os wkrio`j k` l prkpkslc u`mfr tbf–Xfsucts%hlsfm Humjft― sabfef k tbf Eoòstry k Fak`key l`m Go`làf. ]bos prkpkslcwocc f`surf u`mo`j kvfr tbf fxt tbrff yflrs lck`j wotb eflsurlhcf o`moaltkrs kr suaafss.GK@AKMFQ os lcsk wkrio`j wotb tbf @ftwkri k Vrhl` l`m Xurlc Euòaoplcotofs tk huocmalplaoty o` ckalc jkvfrèf`t l`m huso`fss sk tbf prkjrleef os elo`tlo`fm hfyk`m tbfoòtolc o`tfrvf`tok`.


Huocmo`j k` tbf Eo Ablarl ^rkmuatovl pockt# Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl arfltfm l systfel`m struaturf tblt os flsocy rfpcoaltfm l`m lmlptfm tk ktbfr rfjok`s o` ffm k strltfjofs tkmfvfckp rurlc f`tfrprosf. Qfvfrlc cfssk`s rke Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl oàcumf4

Omf`toy kppkrtuòtofs kr arkss%sfatkr plrt`frsbops tk f`surf prkjrleeltoa

sustlo`lhocoty

O` tbf trl`sotok` rke Eo Ablarl ^rkmuatovl tk Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl# coeotfm `làolcl`m buel` rfskurafs wfrf k`f k tbf clrjfst hlrrofrs tk salco`j tbf prkjrleef9 el`y k tbf _lablaboqs l`m ckalc fxpfrts wfrf kvfrcklmfm wotb mfel`ms kr tfabòalc lssostlàf.O` lmmrfsso`j tbos ak`strlo`t# GK@AKMFQ cfvfrljfm tbf arkss%sfatkr lppflc k Eo AblarlFeprf`mfmkrl. ]k urtbfr tbf eossok` k kkm sfauroty# Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl‟s rst`làolc plrt`frs wfrf ljroaucturf l`m bu`jfr%krof`tfm krjlòzltok`s. GK@AKMFQ blslcsk omf`tofm ktbfr pktf`tolc plrt`frsbops wotb provltf# eucto`ltok`lc akeplòfs wkrio`jo` fru. Gkr fxlepcf# ot os aurrf`tcy wkrio`j wotb l Al`lmol` eoò`j akepl`y tk u`m tbf

wkri k Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl o` tbf rfjok`s o` wboab tbf akepl`y wkris.

O`trkmuaf prkjrleefs wotb aucturlc lwlrf`fss tk cfvfrljf akeeuòtofs‟ rfskurafs

l`m labofvf ckalc lpprkvlc

O` l aku`try wotb oàrfmohcy movfrsf jfkjrlpbofs l`m aucturfs# Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrlos o`tf`tok`lccy o`trkmuafm tk ckalc akeeuòtofs o` l wly tblt fàkurljfs tbfor laafptlàfl`m suppkrt. ]bos o`tf`tok`lcoty os mfek`strltfm tbrkujb cl`juljf9 kr fxlepcf# l`lctfr`ltovf \ufabul lef os usfm kr tbf oòtoltovf ‑ Bliu Zoüly. Lmmotok`lccy# el`y k tbfktbfr prkjrleef akepk f`ts lrf o` tbf ckalc cl`juljf. Ckalc lpprkvlc os lcsk labofvfmtbrkujb tbf `làolc struaturfs k tbf @ôacfks Fdfautkrfs tblt moatltf tbf wly u`mslrf spf`t. Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl rfquorfs tblt tbf u`mo`j prkvomfm hy tbf @ôacfksFdfautkrfs hf skefbkw eltabfm hy bkusfbkcms. Mfpf`mo`j k` ckalc ak`motok`s# tboseltabo`j akucm ak`stotutf plyo`j kr l pfraf`tljf k tbf tfab`kckjofs kr# o` lrfls k fxtrfef pkvfrty# ak`trohuto j tbfor toef# clhkur l`m ak`struatok` eltfrolcs "f.j. lmkhf kr

hroais/.

Oàkrpkrltf rurlc f`tfrprosf mfvfckpef`t o`tk l ck`j%tfre# strltfjoa vosok` kr

fak`keoa jrkwtb

Zotbo` tbf EOMOQ# khvokus sy`frjofs hftwff` prkjrleefs coif Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrll`m Du`tks fxost. O` prkdfato`j tblt vosok` o`tk tbf uturf# fkrts coif tbf prkektok` k rurlcf`tfrprosfs‟ plrtoaopltok` o` krelc elrifts al` prkvomf l duepo`j%k pko`t kr tbf fxtpblsf k rurlc mfvfckpef`t. Zbocf tbf plrtoaopl`ts o` Eo Ablarl Feprf`mfmkrl lrf `kt yftrflmy kr trlmotok`lc o`vfstef`t# tbf alplaoty l`m o``kvltok`s aurrf`tcy o` mfvfckpef`t sfttbf jrku`mwkri kr tbksf kppkrtuòtofs o` tbf uturf.



1:Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Jrkw l`m Morfat

^rovltf Alpotlc

>? ^rkjrle%Xfcltfm O`vfstef`ts# Vòtfm Qtltfs


O` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs# ku`mltok`s bostkroalccy blvf pclyfm l arotoalc rkcf prkvomo`j k%akst alpotlc o` tbf kre k jrl`ts tk u`mfrsfrvfm akeeuòtofs. Laakrmo`j tk VQ tlx clw#ku`mltok`s lrf tlx%fxfept krjlòzltok`s tblt eust mostrohutf lt cflst 6& k tbfor tktlclssfts flab yflr tk elo`tlo` tbfor tlx%fxfept stltus. Quab mostrohutok`s lrf mospf`sfmproelrocy tbrkujb jrl`t%elio`j. Muro`j tbf <?7>s# sfvfrlc clrjf ku`mltok`s hfalefo`tfrfstfm o` elio`j pltof`t# ckw%akst l`m+kr bojbfr%rosi o`vfstef`ts o` suppkrt k tbforeossok`# o`vfstef`ts tblt wfrf ablccf`jo`j tk dustoy u`mfr fxosto`j tlx l`m o`vfstef`t clw.O` <?7?# lt tbf urjo`j k tbfsf ku`mltok`s# tbf fmfrlc tlxo`j lutbkroty ‑ tbf VQ O`tfr`lcXfvfùf Qfrvoaf ‑ arfltfm l fw altfjkry k o`vfstef`t kr ku`mltok`s# rkjrle%

Xfcltfm O`vfstef`ts "^XOs/.

]bos `fw o`vfstef`t altfjkry lcckwfm ku`mltok`s tk aku t ^XOs tkwlrms tbfor l`ùlc6& mostrohutok` el`mltf# jovo`j tbfe tbf gfxohocoty tk elif o`vfstef`ts o` suppkrt k tbforeossok`. XOs lcsk blvf l euctopcofr ffat9 u`coif jrl`ts# tbfy loe tk rftur` tbf proàoplcleku`t k tbf o`vfstef`t hlai tk tbf ku`mltok` l`m# kàf rftur`fm# mkcclrs usfm kr ^XOseust hf rfayacfm o`tk ktbfr ablrotlhcf purpksfs# wbftbfr rfo`vfstfm ls l XO kr lwlrmfmls l jrl`t.

^XOs kfr sfvfrlc pktf`tolc lmvl`tljfs ls l pbocl`tbrkpoa tkkc. Gkr o`stlàf4 ∘ Hy tlio`j k` rosi# kr prkvomo`j akàfssok`lry alpotlc# XOs al` hf usfm tk cfvfrljf

provltf%sfatkr o`vfstef t l`m hro`j skaolc o`tfrvf`tok`s tk salcf. ∘ Ck`jfr%tfre kr bojbfr%rosi alpotlc al` bfcp morfat elrift latovoty tkwlrms lrfls wbfrf#

muf tk elrift locurfs kr skaolc ak`motok`s# tbf elrift wkucm ktbfrwosf hf o`latovf.

∘ ]bf rojkur k u`mfrwroto`j l`m sfrvoao`j ^XOs al` huocm alplaoty o tbf f`m usfrs k alpotlc# trl`skreo`j o``kvltovf prlatoafs o`tk murlhcf o`stotutok`lc struaturfs. Gkr skaolcf`tfrprosfs plrtoauclrcy# XOs al` suppkrt o`vfstffs ls tbfy salcf l`m jrkw tk l sozfwbfrf tbfy al` lttrlat ekrf trlmotok`lc alpotlc.

]bf rfplyef`t k ^XOs lcckws ku`mltok`s tk cfvfrljf tbfor rfskurafs ekrf ffatovfcy.Flrcy XO lmkptfrs prkvomfm ckw%o`tfrfst ckl`s tk huocm lkrmlhcf bkuso`j kr suppkrtselcc%huso fss mfvfckpef`t o` ckw%oàkef akeeuòtofs. Kvfr toef# ^XOs blvf jrkw`tk pcly l` oepkrtl`t rkcf o` tbf clrjfr VQ akeeuòty mfvfckpef`t fcm. ]bfy blvf lcskhff` usfm o` suppkrt k f`vorkèf`tlc jklcs# suab ls cl`m prfsfrvltok`# f`frjy faofàyprkjrleefs l`m lctfr`ltovf f`frjy prkmuatok`. Ekrf rfaf`tcy# suppkrtfm hy lmmotok`lcjuomlàf rke tbf OXQ# XOs blvf hff` usfm tk u`m skaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m ktbfrfefrjo`j skaolc o``kvltok`s.

^kcoay o` Latok`

^XOs al` akef o` l vlrofty k kres# oàcumo`j ckl` julrl`tffs# suhkrmo ltfm mfht# sfòkrmfht l`m fquoty o`vfstef`ts. ]bfy ely hf elmf ls o`vfstef`ts o` `k`%prkt kr kr%prktf`totofs# kr morfatcy tk o`movomulcs. ]bfor uòyo`j ablrlatfrostoa os tblt tbfy lrf elmf kr l`fxpcoaotcy skaolc purpksf# k` tfres tblt provltf%elrift latkrs ely kt krelccy laafpt.

]bf O`tfr`lc Xfvfùf Qfrvoaf lppcofs tbrff tfsts tk ak`re tblt l ^XO qulcofs ls plrt k lku`mltok`‟s 6& mostrohutok` el`mltf4∘ ]bf proelry purpksf k tbf o`vfstef`t os tk laakepcosb l ablrotlhcf purpksf ls

mf`fm hy tbf VQ tlx akmf. ∘ ]bf `làolc rftur` k tbf o`vfstef t os tbf efablòse tk arfltf skaolc hf`ft# `kt tbf

jklc o` otsfc. ∘ ]bf o`vfstef`t os kt lsskaoltfm wotb pkcotoalc ckhhyo j.

Qbkrtcy ltfr XOs wfrf fstlhcosbfm# tbf OXQ puhcosbfm l sft k fxlepcfs efl`t tk jovfjuomlàf k` tbf skrts k o`vfstef`ts tblt efft tbfsf tfsts. L` upmltf o` 8><8 lmmfm ò`f

Jfkjrlpby4 Vòtfm Qtltfs

]kkciot stfp4 Jrkw l`m Morfat ^rovltfAlpotlc

O` Hrof4 O` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs# rkjrle%Xfcltfm O`vfstef`t "^XO/ os l altfjkryk pbocl`tbrkpoa o`vfstef`t# mfsoj`ltfmhy tbf VQ O`tfr`lc Xfvfùf Qfrvoaf# tbltlcckws ku`mltok`s tk elif akàfssok`lry"hfckw%elrift rltf/ o`vfstef`ts l`m aku`t

tbfe tkwlrms tbfor l`ùlccy el`mltfmpbocl`tbrkpoa jovo`j# prkvomfm tblt tbfo`vfstef`ts efft spfaoa rfquorfef`ts.^XOs lcckw ku`mltok`s tbf gfxohocoty tkelif pltof`t# ckw%akst l`m+kr bojbfr%rosi o`vfstef`ts o` suppkrt k tbfor eossok`.Bkwfvfr# pkcoay%elifrs eust tlif o`tkak`somfrltok` sfvfrlc ablccf`jfs oòepcfef`to j ^XOs.

^XOs prkvomf sfvfrlc o`sojbts kr pkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tk tbf VQ ls l` fxlepcfk bkw tk jrkw l`m morfat provltf alpotlc tkskaolc f`tfrprosf l`m o``kvltok`# oàcumo`j4

∘ Omf`toy tbf pbocl`tbrkpoa kr ktbfr pktf`tolc o`vfstkrs tblt wkucm hf`ft

rke prffrf`tolc trfltef`t kr

akàfssok`lry o`vfstef`ts

∘ Mftfreo`f wbftbfr tbfrf os

suaof`t mfel`m kr akàfssok`lry

o`vfstef`ts tk efrot tbf

mfvfckpef`t l`m mossfeo`ltok` k l

`fw typf k o`vfsto`j prlatoaf

∘ Ak`somfr akepcfef`tlry pkcoay

o`tfrvf`tok`s tblt al` cfvfrljf l`m

fxpl`m tbf coeotfm alpotlc altlcysfm

tbrkujb l ^XO%typf prkjrleef




`fw fxlepcfs kr juomlàf# rfgfato`j abl`jfs o` ku`mltok` prlatoaf l`m bojbcojbto`jossufs suab ls tbf laafptlhcf rosi%lmdustfm rltfs k rftur` kr ^XOs# tbfor lppcoalhocotytk k`%VQ o`vfstffs l`m tbf rl`jf k ablrotlhcf ak`somfrltok`s "hfyk`m moslmvl tljfmakeeuòtofs/ tblt wfrf laafptlhcf kr XOs# oàcumo`j f`vorkèf tlc ak`somfrltok`s l`mtbf lmvlàfef`t k saofàf l`m tbf lrts.<

Zbocf tbf upmltfm cost k fxlepcfs bfcps aclroy tbf rl`jf k pktf`tolc XOs# tbf hurmf` osstocc k` ku`mltok`s tbfesfcvfs tk f`surf tblt l`y jovf` XO effts OXQ rfquorfef ts.

Oeplat tk Mltf

^XOs blvf hff` l` fstlhcosbfm kre k pbocl`tbrkpoa o`vfstef`t kr mfalmfs l`m blvfjrkw` sojòal`tcy kvfr toef. ]bf Gku`mltok` Af`tfr# l rfsflrab krjlòzltok` tblt stumofspbocl`tbrkpoa latovoty# bls rfpkrtfm tblt tbf aueucltovf mkcclr vlcuf k XOs hftwff`tbf pfrokm k <??> l`m 8>>? wls VQ- 1.: hoccok` l`m# urtbfr# tblt tbf usf k ^XOs osoàrflso j. Gkr fxlepcf# tbf ùehfr k ku`mltok`s tblt rfpkrtfm blvo`j elmf l XO o`<??2 wls <88 vfrsus <:8 o` 8>>:. Qoeoclrcy# tbf ùehfr k uòquf ^XOs mostrohutfm o`<??2%<??? wls 62< vfrsus :>6 o` 8>>7%8>>:. Aueucltovf ^XO o`vfstef ts tk mltf coifcytktlc wfcc kvfr VQ- = hoccok`. Ls prfvokuscy ef`tok`fm# tbf rl`jf k lrfls o` wboab ^XOo`vfstef`ts lrf lppcofm bls lcsk fxpl`mfm.

O` lmmotok` tk tbfor oeefmoltf oeplat# XOs blvf lcsk bfcpfm suppkrt tbf mfvfckpef`t k l hrklm lrrly k o`vfstef`t o`tfrefmolrofs# kr fxlepcf akeeuòty hlìs kr ckl` u`ms#

tblt hcf`m puhcoa# provltf l`m pbocl`tbrkpoa alpotlc# fspfaolccy o` tbf fcm k VQ akeeuòtyo`vfstef`t. XOs blvf bfcpfm tbfsf o`stotutok`s huocm o`vfstef`t trlai rfakrms l`mo`rlstruaturf. Gkr l` fxlepcf k tbos prlatoaf# sff tbf –^XOs k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbossfatok`.

Bkwfvfr# ^XOs lrf `kt yft af`trlc tk VQ pbocl`tbrkpoa prlatoaf. K`cy l selcc pfraf`tljfk ku`mltok`s usf tbfe# l`m fw usf tbfe tk l sojòal`t fxtf`t. L vlrofty k rflsk`sfxpclo` tbf ckw cfvfcs k oepcfef`tltok`. XOs rfelo` rfcltovfcy uì`kw` l`m# wbfrfi`kw`# lrf skefwblt mlu`to`j tk ku`mltok`s. Gkr fxlepcf# tbf o`vfstef`t u`mfrwroto`jprkafss al` hf ablccf`jo`j l`m u`leocolr# rfquoro`j fxpfrtosf o` huso`fss el`ljfef`t#cf`mo`j kr `lào`j# wboab ku`mltok` stl ely kt blvf. Qelccfr ku`mltok`s ely ktffc tblt tbfy blvf tbf o`tfr`lc alplaoty tk el`ljf XOs. Gurtbfr# mfpf`mo`j k` tbf cfvfck akepcfxoty# XO fxfautok` ely rfquorf jrfltfr fxpf`moturfs# suab ls kr cfjlc rfvofw tkf`surf tblt tbf XO o` qufstok` ts wotbo` tbf OXQ mfòtok`# l`m ck`jfr%tfre ekòtkro`j

l`m kvfrsojbt tbl` ekst jrl`ts.

^XOs K` tbf Jrku`m

]bf Irfsjf Gku`mltok`

K`f ify ossuf tblt bls lttrlatfm tbflttf`tok` k VQ ku`mltok`s os tbf clai k laafss tk proelry bflctbalrf o` pkkrakeeuòtofs. O` tlaico`j tbos prkhcfe#tbf Irfsjf Gku`mltok`# o` ak`duàtok`

wotb tbf Ckalc Oòtoltovfs QuppkrtAkrpkrltok` "COQA/ l`m Ekrjl` Qtl`cfy#rfaf`tcy huoct l` oeplat o`vfsto`j u`mtblt wocc ljjrfjltf VQ- <>> eoccok` oàlpotlc tk huocm akeeuòty bflctb af`trfsl`m lkrmlhcf bkuso`j wotb o`tfjrltfmbflctb trfltef`t.

]bf Irfsjf Gku`mltok` wls lhcf tkusf VQ- 7 eoccok` k ^XO o`vfstef`ttk eotojltf tbf rosi kr ak`vf`tok`lco`vfstkrs# cfvfrljo`j o`stotutok`lc alpotlcrke provltf elrifts. Lt tbf sleftoef# tbf u`m hf`fts rke sfvfrlcakepcfef`tlry puhcoa pkcoaofs# oàcumo`j`fw kppkrtuòtofs arfltfm hy fmfrlcbflctb cfjoscltok` ‑ tbf Lkrmlhcf Alrf Lat plssfm o` 8><>.

< Qff bttp4++www.jpk.jkv+msys+pij+GX%8><8%>=%<?+pm+8><8%?=72.pm.





O` sue# ^XO cfjoscltok` o` tbf VQ bls bfcpfm arfltf l `ftwkri k o`vfstkrs l`m o`vfstef to`tfrefmolrofs wotb spfaolcozfm sioccs o` sfrvo`j u`mfrsfrvfm pkpucltok`s. Xfcltovfcy coeotfm^XO usljf o` tbf ku`mltok` akeeuòty sujjfsts tblt tbfrf lrf rflc trl`slatok` aksts# huttbf ck`j%tfre falay k prkjrleefs larkss l uehfr k ku`mltok`s o`moaltfs tblt XOsblvf bfcpfm prkvomf l` oepkrtl`t l`m uùsulc skuraf k ckw%akst l`m+kr rosi%hflro`jalpotlc tblt tbf elrift wkucm kt ktbfrwosf blvf. kcoay%elifrs o`tfrfstfm o` lmkpto`j^XOs o` ktbfr aku`trofs sbkucm ak`somfr sfvfrlc cfssk`s rke tbf VQ fxpfrofàf4

Omf`toy tbf pbocl`tbrkpoa kr ktbfr pktf`tolc o`vfstkrs tblt wkucm hf`ft rke

prffrf`tolc trfltef`t kr akàfssok`lry o`vfstef`ts

]bos pkcoay os ekkt o` pclafs wotbkut l rfcltovfcy vohrl`t pbocl`tbrkpoa akeeuòty. ^kcoay%elifrs sbkucm elif surf# bkwfvfr# tblt ku`mltok`s fxost o` suab l ùehfr l`m lrf kpf`f`kujb tk tbf pktf`tolc k ^XOs tblt tbos pkcoay wocc hf usfm l`m usfuc.

Mftfreo`f wbftbfr tbfrf os suaof`t mfel`m kr akàfssok`lry o`vfstef`ts tk

efrot tbf mfvfckpef`t l`m mossfeo`ltok` k l `fw typf k o`vfsto`j prlatoaf

O` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs# tbf pbocl`tbrkpoa sfatkr mfvktfm rfskurafs tk arfltf o`vfstlhcfkppkrtuòtofs l`m jf`frltf mfel`m kr o`vfstef`t. Zotbkut tbfsf lmmotok`lc pbocl`tbrkpoafkrts tblt bfcpfm tk kstfr skaolc f`tfrprosf# tbf kppkrtuòtofs kr XOs wkucm hf euabekrf coeotfm.

Ak`somfr akepcfef`tlry pkcoay o`tfrvf`tok`s tblt al` cfvfrljf l`m fxpl`m tbfcoeotfm alpotlc altlcysfm tbrkujb l ^XO%typf prkjrleef

^XOs blvf hff` plrtoauclrcy ffatovf o` akeho`ltok` wotb ktbfr pkcoaofs ‑ oàcumo`j tbfVQ Jkvfrèf`t‟s Akeeuòty Mfvfckpef`t Go`làolc O`stotutok` "AMGO/ Gu`m l`m tlxfxpf`moturfs suab ls tbf Ckw Oàkef Bkuso`j kr @fw Elrifts tlx arfmots# hktb k wboabkfr oàf`tovfs kr provltf%alpotlc plrtoaopltok` o` tbf mfvfckpef t k lkrmlhcf bkuso`jl`m o`vfstef`t o` u`mfrsfrvfm akeeuòtofs. Lmmotok`lc pkcoaofs al` bfcp ku`mltok`s usftbfor akàfssok`lry alpotlc tk ak`toùf tk cfvfrljf provltf%sfatkr mkcclrs ekrf ffatovfcy.



=> Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

<>Akeeuòty Fak`keoa Mfvfckpef`t

O`vfstef`t Gu`ms# Al`lml


O` <??8# l @kvl Qaktol aotozf`s‟ lmvoskry jrkup omf`tofm tbf ffm kr fw `lào`j tkkcstk suppkrt ckalc akeeuòty fak`keoa mfvfckpef`t# rfakeef`mo`j tbf prkvosok` k tlxoàf`tovfs tk spur fw o`vfstef`t o` ckalc huso`fss. Xfsucto`j cfjoscltok`# tbf Fquoty ]lxArfmot Lat plssfm o` <??1# pfreots o`movomulcs tk qulcoy kr l tlx arfmot wbf` o`vfsto`j o`huso`fssfs ckaltfm o` l`m boro`j rke @kvl Qaktol# tbus lcckwo`j fcckw aotozf`s tk suppkrtf`trfprf`furs o` tbfor kw` akeeuòtofs.

Mfspotf tbfsf oòtolc fkrts# tbf tlx arfmot wls u`mfrutocozfm. Lwlrf k tbos prkhcfe# lwkrio`j jrkup wotb rfprfsf`tltovfs rke tbf @kvl Qaktol Qfaurotofs Akeeossok`# Go`làf

Mfplrtef`t l`m Mfplrtef`t k Fak`keoa Mfvfckpef`t l`m ]kurose omf`tofm sfvfrlchlrrofrs tk plrtoaopltok`# oàcumo`j tbf auehfrskef mkauef`tltok` rfquorfm k f`tfrprosfsl`m tbf clai k akeeuòty o`rlstruaturf tk suppkrt tbf tlx arfmot. O` <???# kcckwo`jtbf latovotofs k tbf wkrio`j jrkup# tbf Akeeuòty Fak`keoa Mfvfckpef t O`vfstef`tsGu`ms "AFMOG/ prkjrleef wls fstlhcosbfm tbrkujb l` lef`mef`t tk tbf <??1 Lat tklmmrfss tbf hlrrofrs omf`tofm.<

]bf AFMOG prkjrleef soepcofs tbf kfro`j prkafss# lcckwo`j huso fssfs l`makeeuòtofs tk rlosf fquoty alpotlc tbrkujb ckalc o`vfstef`t u`ms rltbfr tbl` u`mfrtlio`jtbf k`frkus prkspfatus mkauef`tltok` prkafss typoalccy rfquorfm. Zbocf tbf krojo`lc Latfstlhcosbfm cfjoscltovf oàf`tovfs kr o`vfstkrs tk o`vfst o` ckalc akeeuòtofs# tbf AFMOGprkjrleef bls hfakef tbf vfboacf tbrkujb wboab tbfy al` ekrf rflmocy mk sk. Ls lrfsuct# ekrf o`vfstkrs# huso`fssfs l`m akeeuòtofs blvf hff` utocozo`j tbf prkjrleef tkstoeucltf ckalc fak`keoa mfvfckpef`t l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf.

^kcoay o` Latok`

Ify akepk`f`ts tk tbf AFMOG ekmfc oàcumf48 ∘ Ckalc f`tfrprosf4 O`vfstef`ts lrf morfatfm o`tk ckalc akrpkrltok`s# akkpfrltovfs kr

lsskaoltok`s wotb tbf spfaoa purpksf k jf`frlto`j prktlhcf rfvfùf strfles l`mstoeuclto`j fak`keoa jrkwtb o` rfjok`s tbrkujbkut @kvl Qaktol. Aurrf`tcy skaolcf`tfrprosf os `kt l cfjlccy rfakjòzfm akrpkrltf struaturf o` Al`lml9 bkwfvfr# skaolcf`tfrprosf bls cfvfrljfm tbf AFMOG prkjrleef tk rlosf fquoty alpotlc. Gkr fxlepcf#lor trlmf l`m f`frjy%rfcltfm vf`turfs blvf suaafssuccy rlosfm fquoty alpotlc o` wlysprfvokuscy kt eft hy trlmotok`lc elrift kr pbocl`tbrkpoa efablòses.

∘ O`vfstkrs4 Aurrf`tcy# k`cy o`movomulc o`vfstkrs lrf fcojohcf tk rfafovf tbf 16& tlx arfmot#wboab al` hf alrrofm krwlrm up tk sfvf` yflrs kr hf lppcofm tk tlx rftur`s up tk tbrffyflrs o` lrrflrs.

∘ Akeeuòty4 Lcc u`ms rlosfm tbrkujb AFMOGs lrf morfatfm tkwlrms huso`fssfs l`mskaolc f`tfrprosfs fstlhcosbfm o` ckalc akeeuòtofs tbrkujbkut tbf prkvoàf. ]boskaus bfcps stoeucltf ckalc fak`keoa jrkwtb tbrkujb arflto`j dkhs# jf`frlto`j l fwtlx hlsf l`m prkvomo`j tbf kppkrtuòty kr ckalc alpotlc "buel`# skaolc l`m fak`keoa/rftf`tok` wotbo` l rfjok`.

∘ ^rkvoàolc jkvfrèf`t4 ]bf prkvoàolc jkvfrèf`t rfjucltfs l`m lpprkvfs lcc latovotyrfcltfm tk AFMOGs.

]bf AFMOG prkjrleef os bkusfm lt tbf Eoòstry k Fak`keoa l m Xurlc Mfvfckpef`tl`m ]kurose hut rfquorfs acksf akcclhkrltok` hftwff` tbf Eoòstry k Go`làf l`m tbf@kvl Qaktol Qfaurotofs Akeeossok` "@QQA/. ]bf prkjrleef os huoct wotb tbrff mostoàtpkcoay cfvfrs tk fàkurljf akeeuòty o`vfstef`t. Gorst# tbf @QQA prkvomfs AFMOGs wotb

Jfkjrlpby4 @kvl Qaktol# Al`lml

]kkciot stfp4 Jrkw l`m Morfat ^rovltfAlpotlc

O` Hrof4 Oòtoltfm o` <???# AkeeuòtyFak`keoa Mfvfckpef`t O`vfstef`tGu`ms "AFMOGs/ wfrf mfsoj`fm tkstoeucltf fak`keoa jrkwtb# prkvomf fwfepckyef t kppkrtuòtofs l`m rfduvf`ltffxosto`j fak`keoa sfatkrs o` tbf prkvoàf

k @kvl Qaktol. ]k labofvf tbos oeplat# tbfAFMOG ekmfc prkvomfm o`movomulc o`vfstkrsl 1>& tlx arfmot k` o`vfstef`ts o`tk ckalcakeeuòtofs. Qoàf tbf prkjrleef‟soàfptok`# tbf tlx arfmot bls hff` rlosfmtk 16& l`m bls morfatfm kvfr ALM =?eoccok` "VQ- =2 eoccok`/ tk suppkrt ckalccy%kw`fm l`m kpfrltfm huso`fssfs l`m skaolcf`tfrprosfs.

]bf fxpfrofàf o` @kvl Qaktol prkvomfssfvfrlc o`sojbts kr pkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tkAFMOGs ls l` fxlepcf k bkw tk jrkw l`mmorfat provltf alpotlc# oàcumo`j4

∘ Xfmuaf tbf trl`slatok` aksts ko`vfstef`t kppkrtuòtofs

∘ Xfo`kraf aurrf`t o`vfstef`t

latovotofs hy oàkrpkrlto`j ktbfr

o``kvltok`s

∘ Omf`toy kppkrtuòtofs tk f`jljf

`fw o`vfstkrs l`m jf`frltf clrjfr

suppcofs k alpotlc

< ^frry# Q. l`m Ckfwf`# J. 8><># –Fquoty ]lx Arfmots ls l ]kkc kr AFM―# Elio`j Zlvfs# Wkc. 8>41# 8<%86. Lvloclhcflt4 bttp4++akeeuòtyrf`fwlc.al+sotfs+lcc+cfs+rfskuraf+EZ8>>18<.pm.8 Ohom

Jrkw l`m Morfat

^rovltf Alpotlc



=<Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

l soepcofm co`j mkauef`t# lccfvolto`j tbf ktbfrwosf auehfrskef l`m fxpf`sovf o`vfstkrprkspfatus prkafss.1 Qfak`m# tbf Eoòstry k Go`làf prkvomfs o`vfstkrs wotb tbf oàkeftlx arfmot kàf tbfor o`vfstef`ts blvf hff` rfjostfrfm wotb tbf @QQA. Go`lccy# o`vfstkrslrf lhcf tk rfjostfr tbfor o`vfstef`ts tbrkujb sfc%morfatfm Xfjostfrfm Xftorfef`t Qlvo`js^cl`s "XXQ^s/# wboab qulcoy o`vfstkrs kr urtbfr fmfrlc oàkef tlx mfmuatok`s.=

AFMOGs al` hf oòtoltfm hy l so`jcf f`tfrprosf ckkio`j tk laafss morfat fquoty alpotlc kr hyl ckalc o`tfrefmolry wotb l hrklmfr akeeuòty mfvfckpef t eossok`. O` tbf rst kptok`#l so`jcf krjlòzltok` tlifs k` tbf kre k l AFMOG tk rlosf fquoty alpotlc kr ots spfaoa

huso`fss khdfatovfs. O` tbf sfak`m kptok`# AFMOGs al` hf mfvfckpfm ls l –hco`m pkkc―wbfrf o`vfstkrs‟ u`ms lrf ljjrfjltfm l`m prkvomfm tk ckalc huso`fssfs k` l rkcco`jhlsos hy tbf o`tfrefmolry# wboab tbf` prkvomfs l so`jcf rftur` tk tbf o`vfstkrs. @fwMlw` F`tfrprosfs prkvomfs l usfuc fxlepcf k tbf hco`m pkkc kptok` wkrio`j kr skaolcf`tfrprosfs "sff tbf –AFMOGs k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok` kr ekrf mftlocs/.

Oeplat tk Mltf

Blvo`j hff` o` fxostfàf kr kvfr <> yflrs# tbf AFMOG prkjrleef prkvomfs l uòquffxlepcf k l ck`j%tfre jkvfrèf`t o`tfrvf`tok` o` suppkrt k skaolc f`tfrprosf. Lsk 8><8# ekrf tbl` ALM =? eoccok` "VQ- =2 eoccok`/ bls hff` rlosfm rke kvfr =#>>>rfsomf`ts tbrkujbkut tbf prkvoàf# l ktlhcf suaafss kr @kvl Qaktol ak`somfro`jots pkpucltok` k cfss tbl` < eoccok` rfsomf`ts. Lmmotok`lccy# tbrkujbkut tbf murltok` k tbf prkjrleef# k`cy tbrff huso`fss vf`turfs kut k tbf ekrf tbl` <8> tblt rfafovfm

o`vfstef`ts blvf locfm.

Qoàf ots oàfptok` o` <???# tktlc u`ms rlosfm blvf jrkw` lt l ==& lvfrljf l`ùlc jrkwtbrltf. O` <???# AFMOGs larkss tbf prkvoàf rlosfm ALM <.< eoccok` "VQ- < eoccok`/ rke 87<o`vfstkrs# akeplrfm wotb ALM :.6 eoccok` "VQ- :.= eoccok`/ rke ?<= o`vfstkrs o` 8><8.6 ]bf prkjrleef ak`toùfs tk jlo` trlatok` lek`j o movomulcs tbrkujbkut @kvl Qaktol ls othfakefs l mfek`strltfm l`m volhcf o`vfstef`t kptok`.

1 AFMOGs hro`j tkjftbfr sfaurotofs l`m tlx rfjucltok`s tbrkujb tbf Fquoty ]lx Arfmot Lat. ]bf cfjoscltok` al` hf ku`m k`co`f lt4 bttp4++`scfjosclturf.al+cfja+stltutfs+fquotytx.bte.= XXQ^s lrf l tlx oàf`tovozfm rftorfef`t slvo`js prkjrleef tblt prkektfs flrcy slvo`js hy elio`j o`vfstef`ts tlx mfmuatohcf# akeprosfm k l` lrrly k o`vfstef`t prkmuats#oàcumo`j eutulc u`ms# clhkur%spk`skrfm o`vfstef`t u`ms# julrl`tffm o`vfstef`t afrtoaltfs# hk`ms# ekrtjljfs# fta.6 Jkvfrèf`t k @kvl Qaktol# 8><8# –AFMOG Gu`ms―. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.jkv.`s.al+fak +afmo+u`ms+.

AFMOG ‒K`%tbf%Jrku`m‟

@fw Mlw` F`tfrprosfs

@fw Mlw` F`tfrprosfs os Al`lml‟skcmfst mfmoaltfm akeeuòty fak`keoamfvfckpef t akrpkrltok`# fstlhcosbfm o`Qym`fy# @kvl Qaktol o` <?:7. Gku`mfmtk ak`rk`t tbf skaok%fak`keoa

ablccf`jfs o` Alpf Hrftk`‟s aklc l`mstffc o`mustrofs# @fw Mlw` omf`tofsl`m lmmrfssfs akeeuòty `ffmshy mfvfckpo`j l`m kpfrlto`j ckalchuso`fssfs.

@fw Mlw` F`tfrprosfs bls plrtoaopltfmo` tbf AFMOG prkjrleef soàf 8>>=#lato`j ls l ckalc o`tfrefmolry kro`vfstkrs rke Alpf Hrftk` ckkio`jtk o`vfst o` tbfor akeeuòty. O` sfvf`yflrs @fw Mlw` bls rlosfm `flrcy ALM: eoccok` "VQ- 7.? eoccok`/ rke :?8o`vfstef`ts# lvfrljo`j ALM 2#7?> "VQ-2#6=>/ pfr o`vfstef`t. Zblt elifs @fwMlw` uòquf os ots akeeotef`t tk plyo`vfstkrs movomf`ms k hftwff` 8.6&l`m =.81& sfeo%l`ùlccy o` lmmotok`tk rfmffeo`j o`vfstkrs‟ sblrfs ltfr 6yflrs.

@fw Mlw`‟s o`vfstef`ts blvf fepckyfm<:6 ckalc akeeuòty efehfrs o`huso`fssfs tblt sfrvf kvfr 7>> pfkpcfpfr mly# arflto`j l` fak`keoa oeplatfstoeltfm tk hf o` fxafss k ALM <6>eoccok` "VQ- <=: eoccok`/.



=8 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`


]bf AFMOG prkjrleef bls suaafssuccy kstfrfm skaolc o `kvltok` l`m skaolcf`trfprf`fursbop wotbo` @kvl Qaktol‟s ckalc ak`tfxt l`m prkvomfs sfvfrlc o`sojbts krpkcoay%elifrs fxpckro`j wlys tk jrkw l`m morfat provltf alpotlc4

Xfmuaf tbf trl`slatok` aksts k o`vfstef`t kppkrtuòtofs

]bf AFMOG ekmfc bls prkvf` tk hf l pkwfruc `lào`j tkkc tk mfvfckp ckalc mflc gkw l`mo`vfstef`t kppkrtuòtofs o` akeeuòtofs u`mfrsfrvfm hy trlmotok`lc `làolc o`stotutok`s.

K`f k ots akrf ak`trohutok`s os tblt ot rfmuafs trl`slatok` aksts kr o`vfstkrs l`mo`vfstffs hy prkvomo`j soepcofm kfro`js kr ckalc huso`fssfs sffio`j fquoty# fàkurljo`jstlifbkcmfrs tk f`jljf o` tbf elrift.

Xfo`kraf aurrf`t o`vfstef`t latovotofs hy oàkrpkrlto`j ktbfr o``kvltok`s

Jovf` skaolc f`tfrprosfs‟ usf k tbf prkjrleef tk rlosf fquoty alpotlc# l vlculhcfkppkrtuòty tk lppcy tbf AFMOG ekmfc tkwlrms fw skaolc o`vfstef`t prkmuats fxosts.Qpfaoa o`tfrfst bls lppflrfm lrku`m tbf oàkrpkrltok` k skaolc oeplat hk`ms tk lmmrfsstbf uòquf `lào`j ffms k skaolc f`tfrprosf. Lmmotok`lccy# tbos vosok` tk mfvfckp lsuppkrtovf f`vorkèf`t kr skaolc f`tfrprosf os sff` o` rfaf`tcy f`latfm cfjoscltok`# tbf8><8 Akeeuòty O`tfrfst Akeplòfs Lat. ]bf Lat loes tk suppkrt skaolc f`trfprf`furstbrkujb `fw cfjlc mfsoj`ltok`s l m akrpkrltf kres. ]bos cfjoscltok` wocc u`mkuhtfmcyakepcfef t tbf AFMOG prkjrleef l`m ak`toùf tk prkvomf fw kppkrtuòtofs kr skaolcf`tfrprosf o` @kvl Qaktol.

Omf`toy kppkrtuòtofs tk f`jljf `fw o`vfstkrs l`m jf`frltf clrjfr suppcofs k

alpotlc

]bf prkjrleef akucm jrkw o` salcf l`m sakpf hy kpfò j up fcojohocoty tk akrpkrltf l`mo`stotutok`lc o`vfstkrs. Zbocf oàrflso`j tbf pkkc tbos wly akucm rlosf aksts l`m rfquorfekrf trloò`j tk `làolc l`m o`vfstef`t prkfssok`lcs# ot akucm lcsk prkvomf o``kvltovftofrfm%o vfstef`t struaturfs l`m lcckw kr tbf mfvfckpef`t k fw `lào`j tkkcs tk u`mpuhcoa o`rlstruaturf prkdfats# l` latovoty aurrf`tcy kt pfreottfm tbrkujb AFMOGs.

7 Jkvfrèf`t k @kvl Qaktol. "8><8/. –@fw Kppkrtuòtofs kr Qkaolc F`trfprf`furs#― Lvloclhcf4 bttp4++`kvlsaktol.al+ `fws+rfcflsf+;om58><8<<82><>



=1Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 ^kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Xfvofw l`m

Xf`f kcoay

<< Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms# Lustrlcol


L Qkaolc Oeplat Hk`m "QOH/ kr Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`m os l plrt`frsbop o` wboab provltfo`vfstkrs prkvomf alpotlc kr k`%prkt krjlòzltok`s l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf tk labofvfmfsorfm khdfatovfs. Jkvfrèf`t ljrffs tk rfply o`vfstkrs mfpf`mf`t k` tbf rflcozltok`k spfaoa# prfvokuscy ljrffm upk` skaolc kutakefs. ]brkujb tbos plrt`frsbop ekmfc#QOHs prkvomf akst slvo`js tk jkvfrèf`t l`m prfsf`t f`krekus kppkrtuòty kr skaolcf`tfrprosf.<

O` 8><># tbf rst QOH wls cluàbfm o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke wotb tbf jklc tk rfmuaf tbfrfaomovose rltf k prosk`frs lt l dloc o` tbf aoty k ^ftfrhkrkujb. ]bf `làolc lmvoskry

jrkup Qkaolc Go`làf VI el`ljfm tbf o`vfstef`t k provltf# proelrocy pbocl`tbrkpoa u`mso`tk tbrff k`%prkt f`totofs wkrio`j wotb prosk`frs. ]bf VI Jkvfrèf`t akeeottfm tkrfply tbf oòtolc o`vfstkrs k`cy o tbf `k`%prkt prkjrleefs labofvfm spfaofm tlrjftstk rfmuaf tbf rltf k rfaomovose. F`krekus o`tfrfst o` tbos fw ekmfc cfm tk fxpk`f`tolcjrkwtb k tbf aku`ty‟s QOH elriftpclaf. ]kmly# 82 QOH prkdfats lrf u`mfr wly o` tbfVòtfm Io`jmke l`m tbf Jkvfrèf`t bls soàf arfltfm l fw Af`trf kr QOHs.

O`tfrfst o` tbf fw u`mo`j ekmfc bls kt hff` ak`tlo`fm tk tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke9 soàf8><># QOHs blvf hff` ak`somfrfm kr mfvfckpfm o` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs#8 tbf Furkpfl`Vòk`#1 Osrlfc#= Al`lml6 l`m Lustrlcol. ]bf mfvfckpef t prkafss hfjl` o` Lustrlcolltfr tbf @fw Qkutb Zlcfs "@QZ/ Jkvfrèf t akeeossok`fm tbf Af`trf kr QkaolcOeplat lt tbf Vòvfrsoty k @fw Qkutb Zlcfs tk ak`muat l flsohocoty stumy kr QOHs o`tbfor durosmoatok`. Zotb l suaafssuc trlai rfakrm o` arkss%sfatkr ak`vfò`j l`m tbkujbtcflmfrsbop lrku m skaolc f`tfrprosf# tbf Af`trf kr Qkaolc Oeplat wls wfcc pksotok`fm tk

ak`muat tbos oòtolc stumy.

O` plrt`frsbop wotb sfvfrlc krjlòzltok`s leocolr wotb QOHs "oàcumo`j tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke‟s _ku`j Gku`mltok`/ l m wotb tbf o`put k Qkaolc Go`làf VI# tbf Af`trf kr QkaolcOeplat puhcosbfm tbf flsohocoty stumy o` Gfhrulry 8><<. ]bf stumy omf`tofm lpprkproltfak`motok`s kr l QOH o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs# mrlwo`j bflvocy k` tbf fxpfrofàf o` tbf VòtfmIo`jmke l`m omf`toyo`j wbfrf tbf ekmfc akucm hf rfpcoaltfm kr ekmofm.

Afrtlo` akepk`f`ts# suab ls omf`toyo`j l tborm%plrty lssfsskr tk eflsurf tbf suaafssk tbf prkjrleef l`m tbf tlrjft sfatkrs o` wboab tk usf l QOH# wfrf mftfreo`fm tk hfrfpcoalhcf o` tbf Lustrlcol` elrift. Bkwfvfr# tbf Af`trf kr Qkaolc Oeplat rfakeef`mfmsfvfrlc lctfr`ltovfs kr ktbfr akepk`f`ts k tbf QOH. Gkr fxlepcf# o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmketbf o`vfstkrs wfrf k`cy rfplom o tbf skaolc jklcs wfrf eft. Bkwfvfr# el`y pktf`tolc QOHo`vfstkrs o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs mom kt blvf tbf slef pbocl`tbrkpoa ektovltok`s ls tbf

krojo`lc VI plrtoaopl`ts. ]bfrfkrf# tbf Af`trf kr Qkaolc Oeplat prkpksfm tblt tbf @QZJkvfrèf`t arfltf l ekrf lttrlatovf o`vfstef`t kppkrtuòty hy julrl`tffo`j skef rftur`tk o`vfstkrs.

]bf stumy akàcumfm tblt QOHs wkucm hf volhcf o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs# hut tblt mfvfckpo`jl –mffp l`m otfrltovf f`jljfef`t hftwff` tbf bkst k`%prkt krjlòzltok`s l`m @QZJkvfrèf`t os l arotoalc stfp o` tbf mfvfckpef`t k tbf pockt QOH―.7

Jfkjrlpby4 Lustrlcol

]kkciot stfp4 Xfvofw l`m Xf`f ^kcoay

O` Hrof4 ]bf Lustrlcol` fxpfrofàf o`@fw Qkutb Zlcfs tk lmlpt tbf VòtfmIo`jmke‟s Qkaolc Oeplat Hk`m "QOH/ ekmfcmfek`strltfs tbf ffm tk rfvofw l`mrf`f pkcoay tbrkujbkut tbf prkafss ‑ rkepcl`ò`j# mfsoj` l`m oepcfef`tltok` tkfvlcultok`. QOHs blvf hff` bojbcojbtfm ls

l fw prkmuat tk u`m skaolc f`tfrprosfl`m l` lctfr`ltovf lpprklab tk tbfjkvfrèf`t‟s prkvosok` k skaolc sfrvoafs.

Bkwfvfr# kr tbf purpksfs k mfek`strlto`j tbf Grlefwkri akepk`f`tk rfvofw l`m rf`f# tbos alsf stumy mkfs`kt kaus k` spfaoa QOH o``kvltok`s.O`stflm tbf alsf sffis tk u`mfrstl`m wbltos rfquorfm tk lmlpt l`m otfrltf suab lpkcoay# prkvomo`j sfvfrlc o`sojbts kr pkcoay%elifrs o` ktbfr aku`trofs# oàcumo`j4∘ Qtrovf kr soepcoaoty hut rfakjòzf

tblt ktf` tbf –mfvoc os o` tbf mftlocs―

∘ Qft mostoàt eocfstk`fs# ak`toùlccyarflto`j kppkrtuòty kr rfvofw

∘ Lai`kwcfmjf tbf rosis lsskaoltfm

wotb hfo`j tbf rst

< bttp4++www.skaolctrlmfrs.ake.lu+sotfs+www.skaolctrlmfrs.ake.lu+cfs+Cfs&8>Bfes&8>%&8>Qkaolc&8>Oeplat&8>Hk`ms.pm 8 bttp4++www.lefroal`prkjrfss.krj+ossufs+fak`key+`fws+8><8+<<+>6+=121=+`fw%ykri%aoty%l`m%elsslabusftts%tk%cluàb%tbf%rst%skaolc%oeplat%hk`m%prkjrles%o`%tbf%u otfm%stltfs+ 1 bttp4++fa.furkpl.fu+f`tfrprosf+`fwsrkke+a+[jftmkauef`t.ae;mka[om5:>=2# p=?= bttp4++www.pkrtcl`mtrust.krj+sotfs+mfluct+cfs+prkdfatmkas+skaolc[`l af[osrlfc[%[8[pljfr[%[`kv[<8.pm 6 bttp4++www.bkrozk`s.ja.al+mkacoh+8><<[>>7<[Dljfcfwsio[f.pm 7 bttp4++www.aso.fmu.lu+lssfts+lssftmka+>h7f:1:m8hm:6h?+Xfpkrt[k`[tbf[@QZ[Qkaolc[Oeplat[Hk`m[ôckt.pm



== Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

^kcoay o` Latok`

O` Qfptfehfr 8><<# tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t rfcflsfm l Xfqufst kr rkpkslcs kr tbfmfsoj` l`m mfvfckpef`t k –Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms―:‑ tbf Lustrlcol` lef kr Qkaolc OeplatHk`ms. O` Elrab 8><8# kcckwo`j l –bflctby rfspk`sf tk tbf Xfqufst kr rkpkslcs―# tbf@QZ Jkvfrèf`t l``kuàfm tblt ot wkucm wkri tk mfvfckp prkpkslcs suheottfm hy tbrffplrt`frsbops k k`%prkt krjlòzltok s l`m o`vfstkrs ls plrt k l Dko`t Mfvfckpef`t^blsf.2

]brkujbkut tbf Dko`t Mfvfckpef t ^blsf# tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t bls akcclhkrltfm wotbflab plrt`frsbop tk fjktoltf vlrokus o`vfstef`t struaturfs l`m movosok`s k rosi l`mrftur`. ]bf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t lcsk lppko`tfm l Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Fxpfrt Lmvoskry Jrkup#akepksfm k o`mustry cflmfrs l`m pkcoay%elifrs# tk prkvomf juomlàf l`m ffmhlai tbrkujbkut tbf mfvfckpef t prkafss.

Ls tbf rst Qkaolc Hf ft Hk`ms "QHHs/ o` Lustrlcol# tbos Dko`t Mfvfckpef t ^blsf blslcckwfm flab k tbf plrt`frsbops tk fxpckrf o``kvltovf l`m kut%k%tbf%hkx skcutok`s.Bkwfvfr# akeo`j tk l` ljrffef`t k` `lc QHH struaturfs bls prkvf` tk hf akepcfx l`mtoef%o`tf`sovf# jovf` tbf cfvfc k mftlocfm l`m alrfuc wkri fafsslry tk mfvfckp flsohcfQHHs. O` Qfptfehfr 8><8# lcekst k`f yflr ltfr tbf Xfqufst kr rkpkslcs# tbf Af`trf kr QkaolcOeplat bkstfm tbf o`lujurlc Qkaolc Go`làf Gkrue wotb l kaus k` Qkaolc Oeplat Hk`ms.?

]bf o`vfstkrs l`m k`%prkt krjlòzltok`s wkrio j tk mfvfckp QHHs plrtoaopltfm lck`jwotb efehfrs k tbf Qkaolc O`vfstef`t Fxpfrt Lmvoskry Jrkup# tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t l`mrfprfsf`tltovfs rke tbf Vòtfm Io`jmke. Lt tbf toef k tbf Gkrue# `k `lcozfm QHH wlsprfsf`tfm# ls fjktoltok`s hftwff` tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t l`m Qkaolc Hf`ft lrt`frswfrf stocc u`mfr wly.

O`stflm# tbf Gkrue prkvomfm tbf kppkrtuòty kr tbf vlrokus stlifbkcmfrs tk sblrf tbforfxpfrofàfs# elo`tloò`j ekef`tue l`m krelccy mkauef`to`j tbf ak`vfrsltok`skaaurro`j tbrkujbkut tbf mfvfckpef`t prkafss. Gkrue plrtoaopl`ts rfakjòzfm tbfoepkrtlàf k suab l prkafss# kto`j# –Zf lrf kt sclvosbcy kcckwo`j tbf fxlepcfs k tbfVI kr tbf VQ. Zf lrf mfvfckpo`j l prkpkslc tblt suots kur plrtoauclr kppkrtuòty. ]bfrflrf `k rucfs o` tbos lrfl# wf lrf elio`j tbos up ls wf jk.― <>

: Qff bttps4++tf`mfrs.`sw.jkv.lu+;fvf`t5puhcoa.rt.sbkwLrabovfm'XG]VVOM5H867:F=G%F<M?%8AHA%=H8<?2LGMA1>LA17.2 Qff bttp4++www.trflsury.`sw.jkv.lu+[[mltl+lssfts+pm[cf+>>>6+8<:?=+QHH[%[Xfqufst[kr[prkpkslc[kutakef.pm.? Qff –Qkaolc Oeplat Hk`ms4 L` Lustrlcol` Q`lpsbkt―. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.aso.fmu.lu+sotf+I`kwcfmjf[Af`trf+Lssft.lspx;lssftom5:=lh?88f7h>>8??.<> Qff –^frspfatovfs rke tbf Qkaolc Go`làf Gkrue 8><84 L` Lustrlcol` Q`lpsbkt# Qkaolc Oeplat Hk`ms―. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.aso.fmu.lu+lssfts+lssftmka+ :=lh?88f7h>>8??+Qkaolc&8>Oeplat&8>Hk`ms&8>%&8>L`&8>Lustrlcol`&8>s`lpsbkt.pm.



=6Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

<< Qff bttp4++www.krfstfrs.krj.lu+oeljfs+stkrofs+o`vfsto`j%kr%jkkm.pm.<8 Qff tbf Lustrlcol` Jkvfrèf`t‟s –Jkvfrèf`t Xfspk`sf4 Qf`ltf Fak`keoas Xffrfàfs Akeeottff Xfpkrt”O`vfsto`j kr jkkm4 tbf mfvfckpef`t k l alpotlc elrift kr tbf`kt%kr%prkt sfatkr o` Lustrlcol―. Lvloclhcf lt4 bttp4++www.mpea.jkv.lu+puhcoaltok`s+mkas+jkvfrèf`t%rfspk sf%o`vfsto`j%kr%jkkm.pm.<1 Gkr ekrf o`kreltok` sff4 bttp4++hftl.lr.ake++rff+elrifts+alpotlc+ak+uòto`jalrf[hur`somf[tlifs[rst[DRVxooAjWW=RufWxuVmHoO l`m bttp4++www.tbflustrlcol`.ake.lu+ `fws+hrflio`j%`fws+rst%skaolc%hf`ft%hk`m%soj`fm%o`%`sw+stkry%`1mxowf%<8877>:6672?<.

Oeplat tk Mltf

O` Elrab 8><1# tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t l``kuàfm tblt tbf rst Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms Ljrffef`t o` Lustrlcol blm hff` fxfautfm wotb Vòto`jAlrf Hur`somf "kr mftlocs sfftbf –Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok`/. O` lmmotok`# tbf @QZJkvfrèf`t os ak`toùo`j ots fjktoltok`s wotb tbf ktbfr plrt`frsbops. Zbocf tbf`fjktoltok` prkafss bls hff` cf`jtby# mfcovfry k suab l `fw prkmuat tlifs toef. O`lmmotok` tk mfvfckpo`j tbf rst QHHs o` Lustrlcol# tbf Dko`t Mfvfckpef`t blsf blslcckwfm kr fw akcclhkrltok`s hftwff` tbf puhcoa l`m provltf sfatkrs.

]bf latovotofs o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs blvf lcsk hff` l` oepkrtl`t ak`trohutok` tk tbf`ltok`lc ak`vfrsltok` o` Lustrlcol lrku`m skaolc f`tfrprosf. O` Du`f 8><8# o` rfspk`sf tkrfakeef`mltok`s elmf hy l Qf`ltf Fak`keoas Xffrfàfs Akeeottff rfpkrt#<< tbf Lustrlcol` Jkvfrèf`t rfcflsfm l mkauef`t mfsaroho`j wbfrf tbfy sff kppkrtuòty o`tbf Akeeottff‟s rfakeef`mltok`s. O` rfspk`sf tk tbf rfakeef`mltok` tblt jkvfrèf`tfxleo`f tbf pclusohocoty k arflto`j QOHs o` plrt`frsbop wotb stltf jkvfrèf`ts ekrfhrklmcy# tbf jkvfrèf`t stltfm ot os –acksfcy ekòtkro`j tbf skaolc oeplat hk`m pocktso` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs. ]bfsf pockts prkvomf l` kppkrtuòty tk tfst tbf latkrs coifcy tkhf lsskaoltfm wotb suaafssuc skaolc oeplat hk`ms o` Lustrlcol―.<8 El`y jkvfrèf`tstbrkujbkut Lustrlcol lrf lwloto`j rfsucts o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs tk mftfreo`f wblt rkcf QHHswocc blvf o` suppkrto`j tbf `k`%prkt l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf sfatkr.

Go`lccy# tbf fxpfrofàf o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs bls o`krefm uturf otfrltok`s k QOHs lrku`m

tbf wkrcm. ]bf cfssk`s cflr`fm tbrkujb tbf Dko`t Mfvfckpef`t blsf blvf juomfmsuhsfquf`t rfqufsts kr prkpkslcs l`m mfvfckpef`t prkafssfs o` tbf Vòtfm Io`jmkel`m @fw Tflcl`m. Hy fxpckro`j tbf vlrokus struaturlc l`m rosi%sblro`j kptok`s tbrkujb tbf@fw Qkutb Zlcfs prkafss# ot os kw flsofr tk omf`toy l stl`mlrm sft k QOH akepk`f`ts"suab ls lrfls k mfòtok`# eflsurfef`t l`m laaku`tlhocoty kr rfsucts/# wboab al`sojòal`tcy sbkrtf` wblt ktbfrwosf al` hf l cf`jtby fjktoltok` prkafss.


]bf Lustrlcol` fxpfrofàf o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs tk lmlpt tbf QOH ekmfc prkvomfs sfvfrlco`sojbts kr pkcoay%elifrs fxpckro`j wlys tk rfvofw l`m rf`f pkcoay4

Qtrovf kr soepcoaoty hut rfakjòzf tblt ktf` tbf –mfvoc os o` tbf mftlocs―

El`y o`vkcvfm o` tbf @fw Qkutb Zlcfs prkafss blvf strfssfm tbf oepkrtlàf k iffpo`j

tbf struaturfs mfvfckpfm kr QOHs+QHHs ls soepcf ls pkssohcf. Ls khsfrvfm o` tbf Dko`tMfvfckpef`t blsf# bkwfvfr# fjktolto`j tbf selcc mftlocs suab ls tbf pfraf`tljf k rosi flab plrty os wocco`j tk tlif kr tbf ify eftroas kr suaafss al` tlif ck`jfr tbl` krojo`lccyl`toaopltfm. Xfgfato j k` tbf ffm tk hf eo`muc k mftlocs# k`f plrtoaopl`t lt tbf QkaolcGo`làf Gkrue stltfm# –O``kvltok` bls hfakef k`f k tbksf sfxy tfres...Ot‟s lhkut jftto`jtbf selcc tbo`js rojbt ‑ tblt‟s o``kvltok`.―

Qft mostoàt eocfstk`fs# ak`toùlccy arflto`j kppkrtuòty kr rfvofw

Zbocf tbf prkafss o` @fw Qkutb Zlcfs bls hff` prkck`jfm# sfvfrlc eocfstk`fs blvfprkvomfm tbf jrkups o`vkcvfm wotb kppkrtuòtofs tk rfgfat l`m elo`tlo` ekef`tue. Gkrfxlepcf# tbf Qkaolc Go`làf Gkrue sft l lst%plafm toefco`f kr prkjrfss l`m prkvomfm lòepkrtl`t kppkrtuòty tk fxabl`jf omfls l`m mosauss ablccf`jfs. ]bf eltfrolcs rfsucto`jrke tbf Gkrue lcsk prkvomf oepkrtl`t rfskurafs kr ktbfrs tk rffrfàf ls tbfy u`mfrtliftbfor kw` latovotofs tk mfvfckp QOHs.

Lai`kwcfmjf tbf rosis lsskaoltfm wotb hfo`j tbf rst

L`toaoplto`j tbf ablccf`jfs tblt wocc hf fàku`tfrfm wbf` mfvfckpo`j l`m fstlhcosbo`jl` f`torfcy `fw omfl os moauct. Qbkrt%tfre rfsucts ely hf moslppko`to`j hfalusf prkdfato`rlstruaturf os kt yft uccy krefm. O` tbfsf mfvfckpef tlc pblsfs# rfakjòzf l`mel`ljf tbf rosi lsskaoltfm wotb tbfsf oòtolc ablccf`jfs.

Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`ms K` tbf Jrku`m

Vòto`jAlrf Hur`somf

L``kuàfm k` 8: Elrab 8><1# tbf@QZ Jkvfrèf`t soj`fm l ak`trlatwotb Vòto`jAlrf Hur`somf kr Lustrlcol‟srst Qkaolc Hf`ft Hk`m. Gu`mo`j rketbf QHH wocc bfcp fxpl`m l` lcrflmy

suaafssuc prkjrleef tk suppkrtleocofs wotb abocmrf` o` kstfr alrfl`m jrkup bkefs. O tbf Vòto`jAlrfHur`somf prkjrleef pfrkres lsfxpfatfm# tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`t woccrflab lpprkxoeltfcy LVM 2> eoccok`"VQ- 21 eoccok`/ o` rfmuafm fxpf`moturfs.Zbf` l``kuào`j tbf QHH# @QZ ]rflsurfr Eoif Hlorm fxpclo`fm# –@ktk`cy lrf wf tlppo`j o`tk l `fw skurafk u`mo`j hy plrt`fro`j wotb skaolco`vfstkrs# hut wf blvf tbf pktf`tolctk arfltf hfttfr skaolc rfsucts# wbocfprkvomo`j akst slvo`js kr tbf @QZJkvfrèf`t l`m mfcovfro`j kro`vfstkrs.―

Vòto`jAlrf Hur`somf# o` plrt`frsbopwotb Qkaolc Wf`turfs Lustrlcol wboabwocc lttrlat l`m el`ljf o`vfstkrs# wlssfcfatfm hy tbf @QZ Jkvfrèf`ttbrkujb tbf Xfqufst kr rkpkslcsprkafss. ]bf twk krjlòzltok`s wkrifmwotb tbf @QZ trflsury tk mfvfckp tbf`lc hk`m struaturf. ]bf LVM : eoccok`QHH "VQ- :.1 eoccok`/ prkvomfs `làolctfres "oàcumo`j l julrl`tff tk rftur`

:6& k l`y jovf` o`vfstef`t/ o`tf`mfmtk lppflc tk l hrklm lrrly k provltf l`mo`stotutok`lc alpotlc prkvomfrs.<1



=7 Hrflio j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco j Qkaolc O` kvltok`

<8]bf Eoark%Arfmot Akepl`y ockt rkjrleef#

^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l


Xurlc lres l`m f`tfrprosfs o` Abo`l blvf bostkroalccy rfafovfm o`suaof`t `làolc suppkrtl`m sfrvoafs.8 ]bos clai k o`vfstef`t bls# o` plrt# ak`trohutfm tk tbf bujf mosplrotofs oòàkef hftwff` rurlc l`m urhl` akeeuòtofs.

O` <??2# kto`j tbf suaafss k eoarkarfmot oòtoltovfs k sfvfrlc k`%jkvfrèf`tlckrjlòzltok`s# tbf Abo`fsf Jkvfrèf`t hfjl` ckkio`j tk eoarkarfmot ls l tkkc tk lmmrfssrurlc pkvfrty. Oòtolc eoarkarfmot prkjrleefs tbrkujb tbf Ljroaucturlc Hlì k Abo`lstrujjcfm wotb pkkr ckl` rfplyef`t l`m pfrkrelàf# o` plrt hfalusf tbf kvfrty Lccfvoltok` Kaf el`ljfm tbf prkjrleef l`m el y lrefrs trfltfm tbf u`mo`j ls

mk`ltok`s rltbfr tbl` ckl`s.1

Gkcckwo`j tbfsf oòtolc lttfepts# o` 8>>1 `fw cflmfrsbop hrkujbt l rf`fwfm kaus tkmfvfckpef t o` rurlc# oepkvfrosbfm lrfls. Xfakjòzo`j tbf clai k fxosto`j `lào`jkptok`s o` tbfsf rfjok`s# o` 8>>= tbf Abo`fsf Jkvfrèf`t ossufm pkcoay morfatovfs i`kw`ls –@K.< Mkauef`ts―. ]bf morfatovfs fepblsozfm tbf ffm tk mfvfckp o`rlstruaturf kreoarkarfmot l`m fàkurljfm tbf mfvfckpef`t k o``kvltovf ekmfcs kr rurlc `làf.

Ls l rfsuct k tbf rfakeef mltok`s o` tbf –@K.< Mkauef`ts―# tbf fkpcf‟s Hlì k Abo`l "^HA/ cluàbfm l pockt prkjrleef k sfvf` Eoark%Arfmot Akeplòfs "EAAs/ o` vfprkvoàfs o` 8>>6. ]bf o`movomulc EAAs wfrf o`tf`mfm tk prkvomf `lào`j tk lrefrs l`mrurlc f`tfrprosfs# wbocf tbf pockt prkjrleef ekrf hrklmcy loefm tk mfvfckp l `làolc l`msupfrvoskry rlefwkri kr tbf jrkwtb k provltf `làf o` rurlc lrfls. Ckl`s prkvomfm hyEAAs lrf vfry gfxohcf# `kt rfquoro`j akccltfrlc rke tbf rurlc f`trfprf`fur l`m al` hf ls

clrjf ls <>>#>>> yul` "lpprkx. VQ- <7#>>>/. ]k laakeekmltf tbos gfxohocoty# o`tfrfst rltfslrf typoalccy lrku`m 8>&9 bkwfvfr# coeots wfrf sft lt kur toefs tbf ^HA rltf sk rltfsakucm `kt hfakef prfmltkry.=

]bf EAA ôckt ^rkjrleef wls l` oepkrtl t rst stfp tk arflto`j `làolc o rlstruaturftblt suppkrtfm rurlc f`tfrprosf. Bkwfvfr# tbf ^HA rlefwkri wls fxtrfefcy stroat.Gkr fxlepcf# EAAs akucm kt jf`frltf u`ms tk ckl` tbrkujb tbf akccfatok` k slvo`jsmfpksots# kr akucm tbfy hkrrkw l`m cfvfrljf alpotlc rke ktbfr skurafs coif l typoalcakeefraolc hlì. ]bf eldkroty k u`ms ckl`fm hy tbf EAAs wfrf jf`frltfm tbrkujbprovltf abl``fcs "o.f. o`vfstef`ts kr mk`ltok`s rke o`movomulcs l`m akeplòfs/# jrfltcycoeoto`j tbf uehfr k ckl`s tblt akucm hf prkvomfm. Lmmotok`lccy# EAAs blm k rfakjòzfmcfjlc stltus# arflto`j uàfrtlo`ty lhkut bkw tbf ekmfc akucm hf fxpl`mfm l`m rfpcoaltfm.

^kcoay o` Latok`

Zkrio`j wotb tbf pockt rfjok`s tk u`mfrstl`m tbf ossufs lafm hy tbf EAAs# tbf ^HA l`mtbf Abo`l Hlìo`j Xfjucltkry Akeeossok` "AHXA/ rfvosfm tbf EAA juomfco`fs o` 8>>2.V`mfr tbf fw juomfco`fs# EAAs lrf stocc kt lcckwfm tk tlif slvo`js mfpksots# hut tbfyely kw hkrrkw rke ktbfr hlìs ls ck`j ls tbf tktlc leku`t hkrrkwfm mkfs kt fxaffm6>& k tbf EAA‟s tktlc u`ms. ]bf `fw juomfco`fs lcsk lmmrfssfm tbf uàfrtlo`ty lrku`mEAAs‟ cfjlc stltus# prkvomo`j akàrftf mfsoj`ltok`s l`m prkafssfs kr tbfor arfltok`.6

Jfkjrlpby4 ^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l

]kkciot stfp4 Xfvofw l`m Xf`f ^kcoay

O` Hrof4 ]k lmmrfss tbf clai k `làolcsfrvoafs lvloclhcf tk f`trfprf`furs oòepkvfrosbfm rurlc rfjok`s# tbf Eoark%Arfmot Akepl`y "EAA/ ôckt ^rkjrleefhfjl` o` 8>>6 tk oepcfef`t trolcsprkvomo`j `fw `lào`j rfskurafs o` vfAbo`fsf prkvoàfs. O` 8>>2# tlio`j o`tk

ak`somfrltok` cfssk`s cflr`fm rke tbftrolc prkvoàfs# juomlàf wls ossufm krtbf mfvfckpef`t k EAAs tbrkujbkuttbf aku`try. Aurrf`tcy acksf tk 7#>>>EAAs o` Abo`l lrf pclyo`j l aruaolc rkcfo` suppkrto`j tbf mfvfckpef`t k rurlchuso`fss l`m skaolc f`tfrprosf o` tbfaku`try.< Ls tbf prkjrleef mfvfckpsl`m fxpl`ms# tbf Abo`fsf Jkvfrèf`tak`toùfs tk fvlcultf ots suaafss l`mlppcy lmmotok`lc pkcoay rfkres tk oàrflsfsuppkrt kr rurlc mfvfckpef t.

]bf fxpfrofàf o` Abo`l prkvomfs sfvfrlc

ak`somfrltok`s kr pkcoay%elifrs ckkio`j tktbf EAA ôckt ^rkjrleef ls l` fxlepcfk bkw tk rfvofw l`m rf`f fxosto`j pkcoaofs#oàcumo`j4

∘ Qtlrt selcc# mfvfckpo`j `fw pkcoay

o`tfrvf`tok`s o` stljfs

∘ Omf`toy pkcoay kvfrclps l`m

mosak``fats

∘ Lcckw kr ckalc lmlptltok` wbocf

elo`tloò`j akbfrfàf

< Qff4 bttp4++www.wl tabo`ltoefs.ake+ fws%suhaclss%a t.lspx;om58><8<<<?>>><<7'aom5<<>78 L survfy rke tbf Vòvfrsoty k ]so`jbul o` Hfodo`j fstoeltfm l < troccok` yul` alpotlc jlp fxostfm wotbo` tbf rurlc`làolc elrift o` 8>>:. Qff bttp4++www.krhfs.ake+8>>?+>:+1>+abo`l%rurlc%hlì%elrifts%`làolc%rfkre.btec.1 Qff bttp4++www.pcl`ft`làfabo l.krj+rfskuraf%af`tfr+eoark`làf%o %abo`l.= Qff bttp4++www.eoark`làfjltfwly.krj+je+mkauef`t%<.?.8=8>1+<8.pm.6 Qff bttp4++wkrcm%`l af%ak`frf af.ake+plpfrs[wa+===.pm.

Xfvofw l`m

Xf`f ^kcoay



=:Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Lck`j wotb tbf ossulàf k tbfsf `fw juomfco`fs# tbf ^HA l m AHXA fxpl mfm tbfjfkjrlpboa sakpf k tbf prkjrleef# rfspk`mo`j tk sojòal`t mfel`m rke provltfo`vfstkrs tk mfvfckp EAAs tbrkujbkut tbf aku`try. ]bfsf o`vfstkrs oàcumfm o`movomulcs#`k`%prkt krjlòzltok s l`m o`stotutok`s hktb rke Abo`l l`m lhrklm. L` fxlepcf k bkwk`f o`tfr`ltok`lc o`vfstkr usfm tbf fw juomfco`fs tk suppkrt rurlc f`tfrprosf os prfsf`tfmo` tbf –EAAs k` tbf Jrku`m― hkx o` tbos sfatok`.

Zotb tbos fxpl`sok`# tbf juomfco`fs lcsk mfaf`trlcozfm tbf rfjucltkry pkwfr l`mrfspk`sohocoty tk prkvoàolc jkvfrèf`ts# l sojòal`t mfvfckpef`t tkwlrms l ltok`lc

rfjucltkry o`rlstruaturf. rkvoàfs kw mftfreo`f bkw tbf juomfco`fs lrf oepcfef`tfm9flab jkvfrèf`t bls tbf rffmke tk pclaf ots kw` ak`motok`s kr EAAs ls ot mffeslpprkproltf kr tbf rfjok`. Gkr fxlepcf# tbf prkvoàf k O``fr Ek`jkcol bls lmkptfm tbf^HA juomfco`fs fxlatcy# wbocf tbf prkvoàf k Tbfdol`j bls oepksfm tojbtfr rfjucltok`s.

Lck`jsomf tbf EAA mfvfckpef`t prkafss# o 8>>7 tbf AHXA lcsk ossufm `fw rfjucltok`srfjlrmo`j tbf mfvfckpef t k l`ktbfr rurlc `làolc o`stotutok`# Woccljf Hlìs.7 WoccljfHlìs lrf uccy coaf`sfm l`m bojbcy rfjucltfm# l`m lrf lcckwfm tk tlif slvo`js mfpksots l`mprkvomf `lào`j# coif l trlmotok`lc akeefraolc hlì. Gkcckwo`j tbfsf 8>>7 rfjucltok`s#el`y clrjf eucto`ltok`lc hlìs suab ls Aotojrkup l`m BQHA hfjl` kpfrlto`j o` rurlcAbo`l# prkvomo`j lmmotok`lc `làolc sfrvoafs o` tbksf akeeuòtofs.:

Zbocf EAAs tf`m tk cf`m tk rosiofr# stlrt%up rurlc f`tfrprosfs# Woccljf Hlìs laf euabstroatfr akepcolàf rfquorfef`ts l`m lrf struaturfm tk elif ekrf ak`sfrvltovf

o`vfstef`ts. ]bus tk lttrlat jrfltfr o`vfstef`t# jrkw tbfor kpfrltok`s l`m kfr fwprkmuats# afrtlo` EAAs sbkwfm o`tfrfst o` lmkpto`j tbf lmmotok`lc rfjucltkry rfquorfef tstk hfakef Woccljf Hlìs. Xfakjòzo`j tbos pktf`tolc kvfrclp# juomfco`fs ossufm hy tbf^HA l`m AHXA o` 8>>2 prkvomfm hlsoa rfquorfef`ts kr tbf ak`vfrsok` k l` EAA o`tkl Woccljf Hlì. ]bfsf juomfco`fs wfrf aclrofm o` 8>>? rfjucltok`s tblt mftlocfm tbf uccrfquorfef`ts l`m prkafss kr tbf ak`vfrsok`.

7 L mkauef`t wls rfcflsfm o` Mfafehfr 8>>7 f`totcfm# –Qkef sujjfstok`s lhkut lmdusto`j l`m rfclxo`j laafss pkcoay k hlìo`j `làolc o`stotutok`s o` rurlc lrfls tk hfttfrsuppkrt tbf ak`struatok` k tbf `fw skaolcost aku`trysomf―.: Qff bttp4++f`jcosb.jkv.a`+8>>2%><+<>+ak`tf`t[26=722.bte.



=2 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Oeplat tk Mltf

O` tbf fojbt yflrs soàf tbfor oàfptok`# EAA pkcoaofs blvf fvkcvfm tk lmmrfss tbf ffmsl`m ablccf`jfs k tbf elrift l`m blvf prkvomfm l acflr pltb kr provltf o`vfstef`t où`mfrsfrvfm rurlc akeeuòtofs. Qtlrto`j wotb dust sfvf` EAAs o` 8>>6# acksf tk 7#>>>`kw fxost# wotb 6=> hoccok` yul` "VQ- 2: hoccok`/ o` kutstl`mo`j ckl`s. O` 8><8 lck`f#EAAs prkvomfm 6> hoccok` yul` "VQ- 81.21 hoccok`/ o` ckl`s tk suppkrt rurlc f`tfrprosf l`mmfvfckpef`t.2 Akeplrfm tk tbf lpprkxoeltfcy 6>> Woccljf Hlìs kpfrlto`j kr u`mfrak`struatok`#? tbf salcf labofvfm tbrkujb tbf EAA ekmfc os oeprfssovf.

Xkke kr oeprkvfef`t stocc fxosts# bkwfvfr. Gkr fxlepcf# l eldkr ablccf`jf kr EAAs ostbf tlx hurmf` tbfy laf. O` tbf aurrf`t struaturf# EAAs eust ply l 6.7& huso`fss tlxo` lmmotok` tk l 86& pfrsk`lc oàkef tlx k` lcc rftur`s plom tk ots o`vfstkrs. Ls l rfsuct#EAAs blvf blm tk rfcy k` bojb o`tfrfst rltfs k` tbfor ckl`s tk rfelo` prktlhcf. ]bfsfbojb rltfs o` u`mfrsfrvfm akeeuòtofs coeot tbf sakpf k urtbfr rurlc mfvfckpef t ls wfccls tbf cfvfc k skaolc oeplat tbfy lrf lhcf tk labofvf.

L`ktbfr ablccf`jf lafm hy EAAs os rloso`j u`ms tk ckl`. El`y jrkups rfakeef`mtblt tbf leku`t EAAs lrf pfreottfm tk hkrrkw sbkucm hf rlosfm. Ktf` l` EAA wocc cf`mkut oòtolc u`ms wotbo` ek`tbs k kpfò`j# tbrfltfò`j ots `làolc stlhocoty l`m cflmo`jel`y akeplòfs tk rlosf u`ms occfjlccy# kr fxlepcf hy tlio`j slvo`js mfpksots rketbfor hkrrkwfrs. ]bfsf ablccf`jfs al` hf lmmrfssfm tbrkujb k`jko`j pkcoay rfvofw l`mrf`fef`t.


EAA pkcoaofs blvf arfltfm l` faof`t wly tk mfvfckp womf%rflabo`j `làolco`rlstruaturf tblt al` hf lmlptfm tk Abo`l‟s movfrsf rfjok`s. O` lmmotok`# tbf EAA ôckt^rkjrleef prkvomfs sfvfrlc cfssk`s kr pkcoay%elifrs o`tfrfstfm o` mfvfckpo`j l`mrfò`j `làolc o`rlstruaturf o` u`mfrsfrvfm lrfls.

Qtlrt selcc# mfvfckpo`j `fw pkcoay o`tfrvf`tok`s o` stljfs

]bf selcc pockt o` 8>>6 lcckwfm tbf Abo`fsf Jkvfrèf t tk mfvfckp l hlsoa u`mfrstl`mo`jk tbf struaturfs l`m ak`motok`s rfquorfm kr EAAs tk hf suaafssuc k` l clrjfr salcf. ]bf rfvosfm juomfco`fs k 8>>2 hf`ftfm rke tbf pkcoay‟s oòtolc fxpfrof afs# cflmo`j tksuaafssuc fxpl`sok` tbrkujbkut tbf aku`ty.

Omf`toy pkcoay kvfrclps l`m mosak``fatsArlto`j juomfco`fs tblt lcckwfm afrtlo` EAAs tk hfakef Woccljf Hlìs prkvomfm lsflecfss rfjucltkry prkafss kr tbf mfvfckpef`t k rurlc `làolc o`stotutok`s. Bkwfvfr#jlps o` tbf Abo`fsf eoarkarfmot o`mustry rfelo`# wboab EAAs l`m rfcltfm pkcoay al` bfcptk cc. Gkr fxlepcf# tbf ckl`s prkvomfm hy EAAs tf`m tk hf tkk clrjf l`m fxpf`sovf tksuppkrt ekrf oepkvfrosbfm lrefrs l`m rurlc f`trfprf`furs. L pkcoay kppkrtuòty tbusfxosts tk omf`toy `làolc o``kvltok`s tblt sfrvf tbfsf plrtoauclr akeeuòtofs.

Lcckw kr ckalc lmlptltok` wbocf elo`tloò`j akbfrfàf

]bf 8>>2 rfvosfm juomfco`fs tblt lcckwfm tbf mfaf`trlcozltok` k rfjucltkry pkwfr l mrfspk`sohocoty wfrf oepkrtl`t tk tbf pkcoay‟s suaafss ls tbfy lcckwfm EAAs tk hf tlockrfmtk ckalc o`vfstkrs l`m f`tfrprosfs. O` pfreotto`j ckalc lmlptok`# bkwfvfr# pkcoay%elifrsru` tbf rosi k ckksfò`j l uòfm u`mfrstl`mo`j k tbf pkcoay. O pkcoay akbfrfàf os ktelo`tlo`fm# akùsok` l`m bfsotlày k` tbf plrt k pktf`tolc o`vfstkrs al` f`suf.

EAAs K` tbf Jrku`m

LAAOK@ Eoarkg`làf Abo l

LAAOK@ Eoark`làf Abo`l# k`f k tbf rst krfoj`%u mfm EAAs o` Abo`l#wls cluàbfm hy Laaok` O`tfr`ltok`lc#l jckhlc k`%prkt krjlòzltok` wbksfeossok` os jovo`j pfkpcf tbf `làolc

tkkcs tbfy ffm tk oeprkvf tbfor covfs. Laaok`‟s EAA kpfrltfs o` O``frEk`jkcol# wbfrf =>& k tbf pkpucltok`rfelo`s hfckw tbf pkvfrty co`f. ]brkujbots cf`mo`j# Laaok` bls hff` lhcf tksuppkrt f`trfprf`furs coif _l Xk`j El#wbk rfafovfm l <8%ek`tb VQ- 7#8>>ckl` kr bfr huso`fss# l sbkp tblt sfccstrlmotok`lc otfes coif Hummbl stltufsl`m fmualtok`lc hkkis. Laaok`‟s ckl``kt k`cy bfcpfm _l Xk`j El tur` bfrstrujjco`j huso`fss lrku`m hy lcckwo`jbfr tk purablsf lmmotok`lc o`vf`tkry hutlcsk prfsfrvfm l` oepkrtl`t aucturlcrfskuraf kr bfr akeeuòty.

]bf wkri k LAAOK@ Eoark làfAbo`l mfek`strltfs tbf kppkrtuòtyEAAs prkvomf tk l rl`jf k o`vfstkrso` rurlc akeeuòtofs. ^rokr tk tbf ^HA‟sjuomfco`fs# k cfjlc efablòse f`lhcfmo`tfr`ltok`lc o`vfstkrs coif LAAOK@ tkwkri o` suab lrfls ls O``fr Ek`jkcolwbfrf tbfor sfrvoafs arfltf oepkrtl`tskaolc oeplat.<>

2 Qff bttp4++www.wl`tabo`ltoefs.ake+`fws%suhaclss%a`t.lspx;om58><8<<<?>>><<7'aom5<<>7.? Qff bttp4++`fws.xo`bul`ft.ake+f`jcosb8><>+abo`l+8><<%>:+8:+a[<1<><12<2.bte.<> Gkr ekrf o`kreltok` sff4 bttp4++www.laaok`.krj+^ljf.lspx;pom58>:6 l`m bttp4++www.laaok`.krj+kuroeplat+lsol+yl%rk j%el.



=?Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`







Qkaolc O``kvltok` Ekmfcs Fxpclo`fm

Zf al` `k ck`jfr aku`t k` jkvfrèf`ts

lck`f tk prkvomf lcc k tbf sfrvoafs lpfrsk` `ffms tk tbrovf. Zf prkhlhcy

`fvfr akucm. @kr al` wf cflvf ot tk tbf

elrifts lck`f. ]bos `fxt ablptfr o`

bostkry eust stlrt wotb l akeeotef`t

tk dustoaf kr lcc k tbf wkrcm‟s pfkpcf

l`m hf spurrfm k` hy kur akccfatovf

akurljf tk o``kvltf l`m fxpfroef`t wotb

`fw ekmfcs tblt mk`‟t sot `fltcy wotbo`

jkvfrèf`t kr elrift krafs lck`f.

Zf blvf ot wotbo` kur jrlsp tk omf`toy#

suppkrt l`m jrkw skcutok`s wbfrf

elrifts blvf locfm l`m jkvfrèf`ts

lck`f blvf lccf` sbkrt. Zblt ot rfquorfs

k us os ekrlc cflmfrsbop l`m tbf

rfakjòtok` k u`mlef`tlc buel` vlcufs

k mojòty# abkoaf l`m kppkrtuòty. Kur

o`tfrak``fatfm wkrcm mfel`ms cflmfrswbk tlif rosis l`m ckki kr prljeltoa#

`kt omfkckjoalc skcutok`s# l`m sff

o`vfstef`t ls l efl`s# `kt l` f`m.

Gu`mlef`tlccy# tbos os lhkut wbftbfr kur

jf`frltok` al` usf tbf tkkcs# sioccs l`m

tfab`kckjofs lvloclhcf tk us# l`m arfltf l

jckhlc skaofty wbfrf lcc o`movomulcs blvf

tbf ablàf tk gkurosb l`m ak`trohutf.

Dlaqufco`f @kvkjrltz# Gku`mfr l`m AFK# Lauef` Gu`m9 efehfrk tbf Jckhlc Ljf`ml Akuàoc k` Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Gkr tbksf wbk lrf leocolr wotb tbf proàopcfs k skaolcf`trfprf`fursbop# tbf movomf`ms tbfy arfltf kr skaofty lrfkhvokus# l`m tbf alsf kr fàkurljo`j ekrf k tbos io`m k f`tfrprosf mfvfckpef`t os o`tuotovf. Hut kr tbf eldkroty k pfkpcfwbk blvf bflrm tbfsf tfres tbrkw` lrku`m o` el`y mofrf`tak`tfxts l`m sotultok`s# tbf sojòalàf os stocc uàcflr.

Gkr tblt rflsk`# plrt twk k tbos rfpkrt prkcfs 8> alsf stumofsk bkw skaolc o``kvltok` ekmfcs labofvf pksotovf skaolc l`mf`vorkèf tlc abl`jf# dust ls plrt k`f sbkwalsfs <8 alsfstumofs k bkw jkvfrèf`ts l`m pkcoay%elifrs lrf tryo`j tkstoeucltf l`m salcf skaolc f`tfrprosf latovoty. ]bf skaolc o``kvltokèkmfcs prkcfm o` tbf pljfs tblt kcckw lrf mrlw` rke tbfQabwlh Gku`mltok`‟s jckhlc `ftwkri k skaolc f`tfrprosfs l`mlmmrfss movfrsf ablccf`jfs o` fmualtok`# bflctb# fepckyef`t#urhl` mfvfckpef`t l`m rurlc mfvfckpef`t.

Mfspotf tbfsf mofrfàfs# tbfy sblrf skef akepfcco`jakeek`lcotofs. ]bfy bfcp tk altlcysf elrifts kr u`mfrsfrvfmpkpucltok`s hy ljjrfjlto`j mfel`m l`m rfmuao`j rosi. ]bfytboì arfltovfcy lhkut bkw tk labofvf hfttfr kutakefs wotbfxosto`j rfskurafs. ]bfy mfsoj` tbfor prkafssfs l`m prkmuatskr lkrmlhocoty l`m mfvfckp –scomo`j salcf― proao`j struaturfs. ]bfy rflcozf tblt l `fw tfab`kckjy os k`cy blc tbf hlttcf l`mmfvktf sojòal`t f`frjy tk arflto`j tbf mostrohutok` abl``fcs l`moàf`tovf struaturfs tk spur lmkptok`.

L`m vfry rlrfcy mk tbfy lat lck`f. O tbfrf os k f kvfrromo`jefssljf k tbf alsf stumofs# ot os tblt skaolc f`tfrprosfs lrf lhcftk –puàb lhkvf tbfor wfojbt― hfalusf tbfy lrf o`tf`sfcy strltfjoalhkut akcclhkrlto`j wotb akrpkrltf l`m jkvfrèf`t plrt`frs wbk

bfcp tbfe tk rfpcoaltf tbfor omfl l`m rflab ekrf hf`faolrofs.

Zf bkpf tbf ekmfcs prkcfm o` plrt twk mfek`strltf bkw skaolcf`tfrprosfs kaaupy tbf jrfy splaf hftwff` jkvfrèf`ts l`melrifts# bkw tbfy mfcovfr prkmuats l`m sfrvoafs tblt cflm tkoeprkvfm kutakefs kr pkkr pfkpcf# l`m tbus wby ot os o` tbfkvfrwbfceo j puhcoa o`tfrfst tk fàkurljf tbf jrkwtb k tbfsfekmfcs tbrkujb lpprkproltf pkcoay tkkcs.




Zblt os Qkaolc F`trfprf`fursbop;

∘ ]bf lppcoaltok k o``kvltovf# prlatoalc l`m sustlo`lhcflpprklabfs tk hf`ft skaofty o` jf`frlc# wotb l` fepblsos k`tbksf wbk lrf elrjo`lcozfm l`m+kr pkkr. ]bf o``kvltok` al`tlif tbf kre k l fw prkmuat kr sfrvoaf# l `fw prkmuatok`kr mostrohutok` eftbkm# l fw clhkur suppcy# tbf rfkreucltok`k l` fxosto`j prkmuat kr l` u`mfrsfrvfm pkpucltok`# kr fwkrjlòzltok`lc struaturfs kr u`mo`j ekmfcs.

∘ ]bf usf k huso`fss eftbkms l`m prlatoafs tk jf`frltfmorfat skaolc l`m+kr f`vorkèf`tlc oeplat.

∘ ]bf kptoeozltok` k `làolc vlcuf arfltok` ls l sfak`mlry

khdfatovf l`m l efl`s tk rflab ekrf hf`faolrofs# `kt lsl` f`m o` otsfc. ]bos sbkucm hf akmofm o` l skaolc f`tfrprosf‟sjkvfr`làf struaturf kr hy%clws.

∘ L cflrò`j prkafss tblt o`vkcvfs akàfovo`j l ekrf ffatovfwly tk lmmrfss l pkkrcy eft kr fefrjo`j ffm9 tfsto`jl`m rfò`j tbf oòtolc akàfpt9 ekhocozo`j tbf rfskurafsl`m plrt`frs fafsslry tk salcf tbf ekmfc9 l`m ak`toùlcoeprkvfef`t tbrkujb rojkrkus oeplat eflsurfef`t l`m l`

kpf``fss tk oàkrpkrltf ffmhlai.

∘ ^frblps ekst oepkrtl`tcy# skaolc f`trfprf`fursbop os strk`jcyrkktfm o` vlcufs ‑ suab ls mojòty# laafss tk kppkrtuòty#trl`splrf ay# laaku`tlhocoty# lor proao`j# l`m fepkwfref`t k hf`faolrofs ‑ rfjlrmcfss k sfatkr kr krjlòzltok` typf.

Altfjkrofs k Qkaolc F`tfrprosfs

Cfvfrljfm k`%prkts f`jljf l arkss%sfatok` k skaofty#oàcumo`j jkvfrèf`t ljfàofs# aovoc skaofty# kr tbf huso`fsssfatkr# tk mrovf krwlrm tbf o``kvltok` tbrkujb l euctopcofrffat. Cfvfrljfm k`%prkt vf`turfs ak`toùkuscy mfpf`m k`kutsomf pbocl`tbrkpoa u`mo`j# hut tbfor ck`jfr%tfre sustlo`lhocotyos f`blàfm jovf` tblt tbfor plrt`frs blvf l vfstfm o`tfrfst o`jrkwo`j tbf oeplat.

Byhrom `k`%prkt vf`turfs oàcumf skef mfjrff k akstrfakvfry tbrkujb tbf slcf k jkkms kr sfrvoafs tk l arkss%sfatok`k o`stotutok`s# puhcoa l`m provltf# ls wfcc ls tk tlrjft pkpucltok`jrkups. Ktf`# tbos rfquorfs tbf fstlhcosbef`t k sfvfrlc cfjlcf`totofs tk mosto`juosb rfvfùf%jf`frlto`j latovotofs rke ablrotlhcffxpf`moturfs. Zbocf puhcoa kr pbocl`tbrkpoa u`mo`j os jf`frlccyrfquorfm tk sustlo` skef pkrtok` k tbf krjlòzltok`‟s latovoty#spfaoa oòtoltovfs eojbt hf lpprkproltf kr skt ckl`s kr fvf` qulso%fquoty.

Qkaolc huso`fss vf`turfs lrf sft up ls l kr%prkt f`toty krhuso`fss tk prkvomf l skaolc kr fakckjoalc prkmuat kr sfrvoaf.Zbocf rfvfùfs lrf jf`frltfm# tbf elo` loe os `kt tk elxoeozf

`làolc rftur`s kr sblrfbkcmfrs hut tk jrkw tbf skaolc oeplat l`mrflab ekrf pfkpcf o` `ffm. ]bf f`trfprf`fur k l skaolc huso`fssvf`turf sffis o`vfstkrs wbk lrf o`tfrfstfm o` akehoò`j `làolcl`m skaolc rftur`s k` tbfor o`vfstef`ts.




O`mfx tk Qkaolc F`tfrprosf Alsf Qtumofs

Fmualtok`

6= ^cl`ftXflm "O`mol/66 Gorst Hkki "VQL/67 Cueò "^fru/6: Akccfjf Queeot "VQL/

Bflctb

62 @lyl Dffvl` "^liostl`/6? Lrlvo`m "O`mol/7> Bflctb Cflms "VQL/

7< ^rkdfatk Aofs "Hrlzoc/

Fepckyef`t ' F`tfrprosf Mfvfckpef`t

78 Fmualtok` kr Fepckyef`t "EF@L/71 Grof`ms O`tfr`ltok`lc "Alehkmol/7= Blpo`ky "^bocoppo`fs/76 F`mflvkr Jckhlc "VQL/

Vrhl` Mfvfckpef`t

77 Ao`fpkp+Bkreojl "Efxoak/7: Zlstf Akàfr` "Hl`jclmfsb/72 O@ACVMFM "Abo`l/7? HokXfjok`lc "VI/

Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t

:> Cl`mfsl "VQL/:< QFCAK "O`mol/:8 ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s "Eylèlr/

:1 BQQo "^bocoppo`fs/




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4^cl`ftXflm

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4

Hrod IktblroGku`mfm4 8>>=

Qfatkr"s/4 Fmualtok`# Efmol

Ckaltok`"s/4O`mol

Zfhsotf4www.pcl`ftrflm.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

Xfpurpksf l` fxosto`j tfab`kckjy tk efft l skaolc ffm.

]bf O``kvltok` Fxpclo`fm

Acksfm alptokò`j# tbf mospcly k tfxt syàbrkòzfm tk tbf lumok pkrtok` k l ]W prkjrle#bls hff` lrku`m soàf tbf <?:>s kr tbf hf`ft k bflro`j oeplorfm lumofàfs. Qoeoclrcy#tbf tfab`kckjy k suhtotco`j os usfm o` ilrlkif hlrs lrku`m tbf wkrcm# prkepto`j so`jfrs tkso`j lck`j tk tbfor lvkurotf sk`js.

Qlef Cl`juljf Quhtotco`j "QCQ/# tbf o``kvltok` pok`ffrfm hy skaolc f`tfrprosf^cl`ftXflm# rfpurpksfm tbos soepcf yft pkwfruc tkkc tk rfo`kraf rflmo`j kr pfkpcfk lcc ljfs. O` QCQ ‑ wbfrf wblt yku bflr os wblt yku rflm ‑ tbf wkrms lrf cot up krsyàbrkòzfm o` rflc toef wotb tbf lumok. Zbf` QCQ os lppcofm tk pkpuclr ces l`mHkccywkkm sk`js# eoccok`s k uàtok`lccy occotfrltf O`mol`s cflr` tk rflm ls tbfy ak`sueftbfor mlocy f`tfrtloèf`t. Ls Hrod Iktblro# tbf ku`mfr k ^cl`ftXflm# fxpclo`s# –Zbftbfr wfsuhtotcf kr `kt# pfkpcf wocc hf wltabo`j Hkccywkkm l`ywly. Hy suhtotco`j# rflmo`j prlatoafhfakefs l hy%prkmuat k f`tfrtloèf t.―

^cl`ftXflm plrt`frs wotb O`mol‟s ltok`lc tfcfvosok` ftwkri# Mkkrmlrsbl`# tk prkvomf 6bkurs k QCQ prkjrleeo`j larkss <> mofrf`t prkjrleefs flab wffi ‑ o` tf` k O`mol‟seldkr cl`juljfs. ]bos arotoalc plrt`frsbop f`lhcfs ^cl`ftXflm‟s o``kvltok` tk rflab kvfr8>> eoccok` wfli%rflmo`j vofwfrs flab wffi.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

O`mol# wbfrf ^cl`ftXflm wls hkr`# bls ckw cotfrlay rltfs. L tborm k O`mol‟s ljf 7)pkpucltok`# kr 1>> eoccok` pfkpcf# lrf occotfrltf9 l`ktbfr 7>> eoccok` lrf kaolccy ‒cotfrltf‟ hutblc k wbke lrf latulccy ‒uàtok`lccy occotfrltf.‟ Zotb 88 kaolc cl`juljfs l`m l pkpucltok`sprflm larkss 7=6#>>> voccljfs# rflabo`j pfkpcf wotb rflmo`j elttfr prfsf`ts l eldkrckjostoas ablccf`jf ls wfcc.

]W# bkwfvfr# os lcrflmy laafssohcf tk :6> eoccok` O`mol s. Hy cfvfrljo`j tbos fxosto`jpltbwly o`tk aotozf`s‟ bkefs# QCQ os `kt k`cy l rkhust tkkc tk oeprkvf cotfrlay# ot osfxtrfefcy akst%ffatovf. ]bf fstoeltfm akst tk prkvomf QCQ k` lcc lorfm ce sk`js# o` lcctbf kaolc cl`juljfs o` O`mol os VQ-< eoccok` pfr yflr# rfcltovfcy eoòsaucf akeplrfm tkktbfr cotfrlay prkjrles. L`m wbf` yku ak`somfr tbf stljjfro`j jurf tblt 8: eoccok` O`mol`

sabkkc abocmrf` akepcftf proelry sabkkc flab yflr ls –`k`%uàtok`lc rflmfrs#― QCQsfrvfs ls l rfelrilhcy ffatovf bkef%hlsfm akepcfef`t tk rflmo`j cfssk`s lt sabkkc#fspfaolccy o` lrfls wbfrf laafss tk hkkis os salraf hut ]W vofwfrsbop os bojb.

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Xfakeho`f plssok` l`m tfab`kckjy tk labofvf skaolc khdfatovfs. –Quhtotco`j os l`fxosto`j tfab`kckjy# l`m ]W os khvokuscy l` fxosto`j abl``fc k akeeuòaltok`#― slom HrodIktblro. –Zblt wf mom os lmm O`mol`s‟ fxosto`j plssok` kr Hkccywkkm ekvofs l`m sbkwso`tk tbf eox# l`m wf rfakeho`fm lcc tbrff k tbksf fxosto`j fcfef`ts kr bujf fmualtok`lcoeplat.―

Hlai up ykur wkri wotb rojkrkus mltl tk ak`voàf u`mfrs l`m pkcoay elifrs. Gkr `flrcy l mfalmf# ^cl`ftXflm bls akccfatfm mltl l`m suppkrtfm rojkrkus rfsflrab

fkrts# oàcumo`j tborm plrty fvlcultok`s. Euctopcf stumofs lttfst tk tbf falay k QCQ.Xfjuclr fxpksurf tk QCQ# fvf` ls cottcf ls 1> eoùtfs l wffi kvfr l pfrokm k tbrff yflrs#sojòal`tcy oàrflsfs pfkpcf‟s uàtok`lc cotfrlay. –L`y sfrokus plrt`fr wl`ts mkauef`tfmfvomfàf# sk rfsflrab eust hf lt ykur akrf#― slom Hrod Iktblro. –Zotb kur skcom rfsflrabhlsf# k k`f al` moseoss tbos omfl ls o`ffatovf. Afrtlo`cy wf wkucm kt blvf ekvfm tbfpkcoay fstlhcosbef t o` O`mol kr lhrklm wotbkut rkhust mltl.―

Cflr` rke tbf hfst k wblt‟s kut tbfrf. –Mk `kt hf mrovf` hy ykur kw` sft k skcutok`s#― slom Hrod Iktblro. –Ot‟s sk flsy o` tbf o`kreltok` ljf tk ckki kr l`m `m tbf hfstskcutok`s tblt fxost lcrflmy. Jovf ef 1> eoùtfs k` Jkkjcf l`m O al` `m sfvfrlc skaolcf`trfprf`furs tlaico`j l`y skaolc prkhcfe ‑ ekst k wbke wkucm hf wocco`j tk sft up lsiypf alcc wotbo` mlys. Blvf l ak`vfrsltok` l`m sff wblt fxosto`j skcutok`s yku wl`t tkhuocm k`. Ot‟s sk flsy tk mk tkmly hut wf mk`‟t mk ot f`kujb.―

Fmualtok`




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Gorst Hkki


Iycf ToeefrGku`mfm4 <??8

Qfatkr"s/4 Fmualtok`# _kutb

Ckaltok`"s/4VQ l`m Al`lml

Zfhsotf4www.rsthkki.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

Oàf`tovozf tbf provltf sfatkr tk sfrvf ckw%oàkef elrifts hy fcoeo`lto`j tbfor rosi.


]brkujb o`tf`sovf rfsflrab# Gorst Hkki ku`mfr Iycf Toeefr mosakvfrfm o`faofàofso` tbf puhcosbo`j o`mustry tblt bfcpfm fxpclo` wby `fw hkkis lrf tkk fxpf`sovf krckwfr%oàkef Lefroal`s. L rftloc hkki proaf oàcumfs `kt k`cy rkylctofs# pro`to`j# sboppo`jaksts l`m prkt elrjo`# hut lcsk tbf akst k lcc u`skcm hkkis tblt rftlocfrs rftur` tk tbfpuhcosbfrs. Ls l rfsuct k tbos eldkr o`mustry rosi# puhcosbfrs lrf ckaifm o`tk l proao`j

strltfjy tblt lcekst fxacusovfcy tlrjfts tbf uppfr <>%<6& k tbf elrift.

]bfrfkrf# Gorst Hkki mfsoj fm l wo`%wo` ekmfc tblt jfts `fw hkkis tk moslmvl`tljfmabocmrf` kr l` lvfrljf k dust VQ- 8.6> pfr hkki "lvfrljf VQ- 2.>> rftloc/ l`m prkvomfspuhcosbfrs laafss tk l fw elrift "tbf ckwfst 1>& k tbf skaok%fak`keoa pyrleom/#wbocf fcoeo`lto`j tbf o`mustry‟s rosi. Ots gljsbop o``kvltok`# Gorst Hkki Elriftpclaf# huysclrjf qul`totofs k hkkis lt mosaku`tfm proao`j rke ?> VQ l`m Al`lmol` puhcosbo`jbkusfs k` l `k`%rftur`lhcf hlsos9 tbos rfekvfs tbf puhcosbfrs‟ rosi.

Gorst Hkki tbf` lelssfm l prfvokuscy u`sfrvfm ak`suefr sfjef`t l`m kfrfm l elriftfxpl`sok` strltfjy tk puhcosbfrs# wbk blm fxpfrofàfm yflrs k glt slcfs rfsucts. ]kljjrfjltf tbf ak`suefrs# Gorst Hkki arfltfm l ltok`lc ftwkri tblt `kw uehfrs kvfr6>#>>> aclssrkkes l`m prkjrleefs# wboab akccfatovfcy sfrvf 1 eoccok` moslmvl`tljfmabocmrf`. ]bos ftwkri os jrkwo`j lt l rlpom rltf l`m sbkucm rflab sfc%sustlo`lhocotywotbo` tbrff yflrs. ]k mltf# Gorst Hkki bls mostrohutfm ekrf tbl` <>> eoccok` `fw hkkis#tktlcco`j kvfr VQ- :6> eoccok` o` rftloc vlcuf.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Jftto`j hkkis l`m qulcoty fmualtok`lc eltfrolcs o`tk ckw%oàkef# rfskuraf%stlrvfmaclssrkkes l`m prkjrleefs os arotoalc. Qtumofs ak`re tbf coì hftwff` laafss tkhkkis l`m fmualtok`lc pfrkrelàf# l`m mfek`strltf tbf akrrfcltok` hftwff` abocmrf`‟shkki kw`frsbop l`m tbfor uturf oàkef.

]bf u`mlef tlc o``kvltok` k tbf Gorst Hkki ekmfc "fcoeo`lto`j+rfmuao`j o`mustry rosi kr f`tfro`j l ckw%oàkef elrift/ bls lcekst coeotcfss lppcoaltok`s. –_ku al` cfvfrljfelrift mfsoj`s … kr l`y prkmuat tblt os l` fssf`tolc jkkm hut sufrs rke l sojòal`t

frrkr o` proao`j# coif acktbo`j# kkm l`m efmoao`f#― slys Toeefr. Ls l` fxlepcf# tbf slefproàopcf k prkvomo`j l julrl`tffm elrift os lt tbf bflrt k k`jko`j fkrts tk mfvfckpvlaao`fs kr o`fatokus mosflsfs akeek` o` pkkr aku`trofs.

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Gkrjft tbf eytb tblt f`trfprf`furs lrf hkr`# `kt tlujbt. Fxpclo`s Toeefr4 –…ot‟sbl`my tk blvf jkkm huso`fss o`stoàts# hut ktbo`j suhstotutfs kr mko`j ykur bkefwkri.O blm tk pckujb tbrkujb bu`mrfms k lrtoacfs k` tbf puhcosbo`j o`mustry l`m rfles k mltllhkut wbk huys hkkis. Ckjjo`j tbf bkurs os tbf k`cy wly yku akef tk i`kw l` o`mustryo`somf l`m kut.―

Omf`toy bkw yku al` lmm vlcuf tk ykur plrt`frs. –Qkaolc sfatkr krjlòzltok`sskeftoef vofw akrpkrltf mfplrtef`ts ls sotto`j k` u`coeotfm rfskurafs#― slys Toeefr.–Y]bos osU kt truf. _ku ffm tk u`mfrstl`m fvfrytbo`j lhkut l akepl`y4 wbk otsaustkefrs lrf# wbk ots akepftotkrs lrf l`m wblt yku al` kfr ot k vlcuf tblt lcsk sfrvfsykur eossok`. V`mfrstl`m tbf ektovltok`s k tbf pfrsk` sotto`j larkss tbf tlhcf ‑ tbf` tbfak`vfrsltok` kausfs k` wblt yku al` huocm tkjftbfr# rltbfr tbl` wblt yku al` fxtrlatrke tbfe# l`m tblt‟s f`krekuscy pkwfruc.―

Lsi kr bfcp. Toeefr lmms4 –Zbf` yku‟rf l stlrt%up yku mk`‟t fafsslrocy blvf cfjlckr laaku`to`j fxpfrtosf# sk yku‟rf krafm tk wo`j ot l`m skeftoefs yku elif hlmmfaosok`s. Zbf`fvfr O stuehcf k`tk l ablccf`jf … O elif l cost k tbf tkp <> hroccol`teo`ms k` tblt ossuf# Ykr fxlepcfU# k` hrl`mo`j. O rfbflrsf lbflm k toef … l`m O alcctbfe up l`m sly# ‒O blvf l hrl`mo`j ossuf l`m O‟e `kt surf bkw tk tboì ot tbrkujb. Zbltwkucm yku mk;‟ _ku wocc hf surprosfm bkw ktf` pfkpcf wocc stfp up l`m bfcp yku kut.―

Fmualtok`




]bf O``kvltok`

Lcckw ckw%oàkef stumf`ts tk o`vfst o` tbfor akccfjf fmualtok` uso`j tbf vlcuf k tbforuturf oàkef.


Cueò os pok`ffro`j l kvfc `lào`j o`struef`t kr ckw%oàkef stumf`ts alccfm –buelalpotlc ak`trlats― tblt hktb rfmuafs rosi kr tbf stumf`t l`m kfrs tbf prkeosf k fxpl`sovf laafss hfalusf k akccltfrlc kr ak%soj`fr os rfquorfm. –Xltbfr tbl` akeeotto`jstumf`ts tk plyo`j l xfm leku`t k ek`fy fvfry ek`tb rfjlrmcfss k bkw euab tbfy

flr`#― fxpclo`fm Gfcopf Wfrjlrl# –wf `làf tbfor fmualtok` l`m lsi tbfe tk ply hlai lxfm rlatok` k tbfor oàkef kr l xfm ùehfr k ek`tbs wbf` tbfy blvf l dkh.―

]k rfmuaf tbf pktf`tolc kr lttrotok` ‑ up tk :>& k ckw%o akef stumf`ts mrkp kut k uòvfrsoty ‑ Cueò rfsflrabfs stumf`ts‟ lalmfeoa trlai rfakrms l`m rfquorfs tbfetk suheot lppcoaltok`s. Gkr tbksf wotb mfek`strltfm lhocoty wbk lrf laafptfm# Cueòprkvomfs tbfe kt k`cy `lào`j hut lcsk krof`tltok` l`m aklabo`j ls wfcc ls lssostlàfwotb tbfor dkh sflrab upk` jrlmultok`.

–Qtumf`ts blvf tbf rffmke tk abkksf wbltfvfr dkh tbfy wl`t#― slom Wfrjlrl. –O# kro`stlàf# l stumf`t `làfm hy Cueò akeeottfm tk ply hlai <>& k bfr oàkef muro`j6> ek`tbs# l`m f`ms elio`j VQ- 1#>>> l ek`tb# sbf wocc ply tbf u`m VQ- 1>>. L`m o sbf tbf` mfaomfs tk wkri kr l `k`%prkt l`m elif VQ- <#>>> l ek`tb# sbf wocc ply tbfu`m VQ- <>> u`toc bfr ùehfr k ek`tbs os up l`m bfr khcojltok` f`ms. Zf lrf l plrt`frkr ykur suaafss# l`m yku ply hlai prkpkrtok`lccy tk bkw wfcc yku blvf suaaffmfm.―

]k mltf# Cueò bls rlosfm l`m khtlo`fm u`m akeeotef`ts kr ekrf tbl` VQ- 6> eoccok`rke kvfr <6> o`vfstkrs# sfrvo`j 1#6>> stumf`ts wbksf prkdfatfm l`ùlc oàkefs blvfoàrflsfm hftwff 6>& l`m 1>>&.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

L jkkm fmualtok` os womfcy laafptfm tk prkvomf l bojb rftur` k` o vfstef`t ‑ hktb o`bojbfr coftoef flrò`js kr tbf o`movomulc l`m o` jrfltfr fak`keoa prkmuatovoty kr skaofty.Hut o` mfvfckpo`j fak`keofs o` plrtoauclr# ekst bojb pktf`tolc stumf`ts rke ckw%oàkefhlaijrku`ms lrf cotfrlccy proafm kut k l uòvfrsoty fmualtok`. Fvf` lek`j tbksf wbk mklttf`m uòvfrsoty# tbf mrkpkut rltf lek`j tbf pkkr os vfry bojb# wotb l eldkroty k mrkpkuts

aoto`j o`lhocoty tk ak`toùf plyo`j ls tbfor proelry rflsk`.

Zbocf stumf`t ckl`s lrf tbf ak`vf`tok`lc kre k stumf`t `lào`j tkmly# tbfy lrfjf`frlccy sbkrt tfre# laafssohcf k`cy tk rlatok` k tbf stumf`t pkpucltok` l`m typoalccyakef wotb akccltfrlc l`m rfplyef`t rfquorfef`ts tblt put tbfe kut k rflab kr ekst.–Hlìs mk`‟t jovf stumf`t ckl`s hlsfm k` tbf tlcf`t k tbf stumf`t#― slom Wfrjlrl. –]bfyprkvomf ek`fy hlsfm k` tbf julrl`tff akccltfrlc prkvomfm hy tbf plrf`ts. Zblt wf lrfprkvomo`j os l ck`j%tfre alpotlc o`vfstef`t hlsfm k` tbf pktf`tolc k l` o`movomulc.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Iffp o`sporltok` lcovf. –L ckt k pfkpcf tboì yku al` huocm l` krjlòzltok` o` twk kr tbrffyflrs#― slom Wfrjlrl. –O‟vf hff` bfrf kr <> yflrs l`m O‟e lt <& k wbfrf O wl`t tk hf. _kublvf tk hf pfrsostf`t `kt tk jovf up# `m l wly tk o`sporf ktbfrs l`m iffp tbf o`sporltok`

lcovf l`m cflr` ls tbf wkrcm fvkcvfs. ]wf`ty kr 1> yflrs mkw` tbf rklm# O hfcofvf tbfrfwocc `k ck`jfr hf l skaolc f`tfrprosf kr l trlmotok`lc f`tfrprosf ‑ wf lrf lcc jko`j tk hflaaku`tlhcf kr arflto`j skaolc# f`vorkèf`tlc l`m fak`keoa vlcuf.―

Huocm l strk`j tfle l`m l strk`j hklrm. –Ot‟s vfry blrm tk hfakef l wkrcm%aclsskrjlòzltok` o yku mk `kt mfvfckp l wkrcm%aclss tfle#― slom Wfrjlrl. –Ktf`# tbf elo`tbrflt tk l skaolc f`tfrprosf os tbf ku`mfr boesfc. Qk ot‟s vfry oepkrtl`t tk blvf sfc%lwlrf`fss# i`kw ykur wfli`fssfs l`m oepkrt struaturfs rke my`leoa stlrt%ups hut lcskrke tbf trlmotok`lc akrpkrltf sfatkr# coif rkhust jkvfr`làf efablòses.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Cueò


Gfcopf WfrjlrlGku`mfm4 8>>8

Qfatkr"s/4 Fmualtok`# _kutb# Go`làolc Oàcusok`

Ckaltok`"s/4^fru# Akckehol# Efxoak# Abocf# VQ

Zfhsotf4www.cueò.`ft

Fmualtok`




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Akccfjf Queeot


D. H. QabrleeGku`mfm4 <??1

Qfatkr"s/4 Fmualtok`

Ckaltok`"s/4Vòtfm Qtltfs

Zfhsotf4www.akccfjfsueeot.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

Omf`toy stumf`ts wbk fxfrt tbf jrfltfst skaolc o`gufàf o` l`y bojb sabkkc l`m f`costtbfe tk pfrsulmf rof`ms l`m fcckw stumf`ts tk lppcy tk akccfjf.


Akccfjf Queeot plrt`frs wotb bojb sabkkcs o` ckw%oàkef fojbhkurbkkms tk rlosf tbforakccfjf f`rkcef`t l`m pfrsostfàf rltfs. ]kjftbfr wotb tbf proàoplc l`m tflabfrs# tbfyùrturf l akccfjf%jko`j aucturf o` tbfsf sabkkcs tk mrleltoalccy oàrflsf tbf pfraf`tljfk bojb sabkkc sfòkrs lttf`mo`j akccfjf. ]bos os hlsfm upk` l trutb plrf`ts i`kw wfcc4

tff`ljfrs lrf ekrf bflvocy o`gufàfm hy tbfor pffrs tbl` hy plrf`tlc jurfs kr tflabfrs.

Vso`j tbos o`sojbt# Akccfjf Queeot elps tbf skaolc ftwkris o` flab sabkkc l`mfàkurljfs tbf stumf`ts wbk lrf cflmfrs k tbksf `ftwkris "rkujbcy <>& k flab aclss/tk hfakef ^ffr Cflmfrs. –Zf‟rf `kt ltfr tbf tkp lalmfeoa pfrkrefrs `fafsslrocy#―fxpclo`s D.H. Qabrlee. –Zf bk`f o` k` tbf o`gufàfrs l`m wkri wotb tbfe tk jft tbfetk lppcy.―

^ffr Cflmfrs lttf`m Akccfjf Queeot‟s kur%mly rfsomf`tolc alep# wbfrf tbfy o`tfrlatwotb ffr Cflmfrs rke ktbfr sabkkcs# akepcftf akccfjf lppcoaltok`s l`m rfafovfcflmfrsbop trloò`j. ffr Cflmfrs rftur` tk tbfor sabkkcs f`frjozfm l`m ektovltfm tkfàkurljf l akccfjf%jko`j aucturf lek`j aclsseltfs l`m spflrbflm akccfjf lppcoaltokàleploj`s. Lt tbf slef toef# lcc stumf`ts o` tbf sabkkc tlif plrt o` l akccfjf l`m alrffr%pcl`ò`j akursf. –Zf fxpckrf wblt io`m k cofstycf tbfy wl`t tk covf o` tbf uturf# l`mbfcp tbfe u`mfrstl`m bkw tbf abkoafs tbfy elif o` sabkkc lfat tbf uturf kptok`s tbfyblvf#― slys Qabrlee.

]bos yflr# Akccfjf Queeot os wkrio`j wotb `flrcy 6>#>>> stumf`ts rke <2> bojb sabkkcso` <1 stltfs o` tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs# ?>& k wbke lrf Lroal`%Lefroal` kr Clto`k. Vòvfrsotyf`rkcef`t rltfs blvf oàrflsfm hy 8>& kvfr tbf hlsfco`f rltf kr plrtoaoplto j sabkkcs#wbocf tbfor akccfjf pfrsostfàf rltf k :6& eltabfs tblt labofvfm hy stumf`ts rke lccoàkef jrkups.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Qtumofs mfek`strltf tblt fak`keoa jrkwtb os mrovf` hy tbf akccfjf lttloèf`t rltfk tbf lmuct pkpucltok`. _ft kvfr tbf plst twk mfalmfs tbf Vòtfm Qtltfs bls lccf` o`

o`tfr`ltok`lc rlìo`js rke rst tk twfctb pksotok` o` tbf pkpucltok` pfraf`tljf tbltlabofvfs l uòvfrsoty%cfvfc fmualtok`. O` ckw%oàkef sabkkc mostroats# 6>& k o`tb jrlmfstumf`ts fvfr jrlmultf rke bojb sabkkc# urtbfr ak`trohuto`j tk tbf jrkwo`j jlphftwff` tbf roab l`m pkkr.

Lmmotok`lccy# tbf VQ Jkvfrèf`t‟s fmualtok`lc rfkre os kausfm k` trl`splrfàyl`m bkcmo`j puhcoa sabkkcs laaku`tlhcf. ]bos os –sboto`j tbf jklc … rke bojb sabkkcjrlmultok` rltfs ls tbf jklc# tk sf`mo`j ekrf stumf`ts tk akccfjf ls tbf jklc#― laakrmo`jtk Qabrlee. –L`m o`guf`tolc stumf`ts lrf tbf ekst u`mfr%utocozfm fmualtok`lc rfskurafo` sabkkcs. Qabkkc mostroats wotb salraf puhcoa u`mo`j lvloclhcf al`‟t lkrm tk cflvf tbfhojjfst tkkc k pktf`tolc fmualtok` rfkrefrs k` tbf somf%co`fs l`y ck`jfr.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Fepkwfr stumf`ts tk hf latovf mrovfrs k abl`jf o`stflm k plssovf hf`faolrofs.–Xltbfr tbl` tboìo`j k yku`j pfkpcf o` sabkkc ls vfssfcs tk hf ccfm wotb i`kwcfmjf#tboì k tbfe ls mrovfrs k abl`jf#― slys Qabrlee. ^ffr%tk%pffr o`gufàf bls l jrfltfrffat tbl` l`y tkp%mkw` prkjrleef.

Mfvfckp strltfjoa akrpkrltf rfcltok`sbops tblt cfvfrljf l akepl`y‟s akrf

fxpfrtosf. Akccfjf Queeot akcclhkrltfm wotb Mfckottf tk huocm l mltl el`ljfef`tsystfe kr bojb sabkkc proàoplcs9 ot trlais bkw el`y k tbfor stumf`ts akepcftf tbforfmfrlc `làolc lom kres l`m suheot akccfjf lppcoaltok`s. –Zf wfrf lhcf tk hro`j tbksfsakrfalrms tk pkcoay%elifrs l`m sbkw tbfe bkw sabkkcs al` elif prkjrfss wbf`yku`j pfkpcf sft bojbfr jklcs kr tbfesfcvfs#― fxpclo`s Qabrlee. –]bos os l jrfltfxlepcf k bkw l akepl`y al` lppcy tbfor tfabòalc# qul`totltovf sioccs o` l strltfjoawly# rfsucto`j o` pkcoay o`gufàf.―

Fmualtok`




]bf O``kvltok`

Cfvfrljf akrpkrltf suppcy ablo`s tk huocm hkttke k tbf pyrleom elrifts.


Aku`tcfss bflctb o`surlàf prkmuats tlrjfto`j ckw%oàkef pfkpcf lrf kfrfm tbrkujbeoark`l af o`stotutok`s# @JKs# eldkr o`surfrs l`m ktbfrs# wotb vlryo`j mfjrffs k suaafss. Eldkr mfsoj` ablccf`jfs oàcumf fmualto`j pfkpcf wbk blvf fvfr hff`fxpksfm tk o`surlàf hfkrf# ak`voào`j tbfe tk spf`m fxtrfefcy coeotfm mospkslcoàkef tkmly tk akvfr l bflctb prkhcfe tbfy ely blvf tkekrrkw# l`m arflto`j l ek`tbcyplyef`t efablòse akst%ffatovf f`kujb tk iffp prfeoues mkw`.

O` akcclhkrltok` wotb tbf jckhlc o`surlàf akepl`y Lccol`z# tbf @lyl Dffvl` tflemfsoj`fm l bflctb pcl` tlrjftfm tkwlrms ckw%oàkef wkrifrs o` liostl` wbk typoalccyflr` cfss tbl` VQ- 7 pfr mly# suab ls mrovfrs# l`òfs# acfl`frs# sfauroty julrms l`makkis. –Zf wl`t tk akepcftfcy abl`jf tbf wly tblt bflctbalrf os `làfm o` Qkutb Lsol#―slom Lsbfr Blsl`. –O provltf akrpkrltok`s# sabkkcs l`m uppfr%oàkef bkusfbkcms fepckybujf uehfrs k ckw%oàkef o`krelc wkrifrs# ot sffes tk ef tblt wf al` o`stotutok`lcozfl systfe wbfrfhy pfkpcf wbk blvf rfskurafs al` ak%`làf tbf bflctb akvfrljf k pfkpcf wbk mk`‟t. L`m wf al` mk ot o` l wly tblt effts hktb k tbfor o`tfrfsts ‑ wblt O alccl strltfjoa arkss%suhsomy.―

Gkr cfss tbl` VQ- 8.6> pfr lmuct l`m VQ- <.6> pfr abocm pfr ek`tb# tbf @lyl Dffvl`bflctb pcl` prkvomfs altlstrkpboa bflctb akvfrljf up tk VQ- <#2>> l yflr "hfàbelrifmtk akvfr bflrt hyplss surjfry/# 8=+: ekhocf pbk`f laafss tk mfsoj`ltfm leocypbysoaol`s# prfvf`tovf bflctb sfrvoafs# l`ùlc efmoalc abfai%ups# l`m alsbcfss laafss tk

l ltok`womf ftwkri k <?> bojb%qulcoty provltf bkspotlcs.

@lyl Dffvl` aurrf`tcy wkris wotb vf o`surfrs# kfro`j tbfe l strk`j vlcuf prkpksotok`.–Hlsfm k` aurrf`t utocozltok` plttfr`s# tbfy‟rf elio`j mfaf`t prkts#― slom Blsl`. –Huttbf hojjfst vlcuf wf kfr o`surlàf akeplòfs os fmualto`j ckw%oàkef akeeuòtofslhkut tbf akàfpt k o`surlàf. Zf ak`muat o`tf`sovf krof`tltok` sfssok`s l`m prkvomfprfvf`tovf bflctb fmualtok` l`m jf`frlc pbysoaol suppkrt o` wboab kur mkatkrs lvojltfpltof`ts tbrkujb l akepcfx bflctbalrf systfe. Lcc k tbfsf sfrvoafs jrfltcy eoòeozf tbfhuso`fss mfvfckpef`t aksts tblt o`surlàf akeplòfs wkucm `krelccy oàur o` huocmo`jtbfsf elrifts.―

L`m hfalusf mkkr%tk%mkkr akccfatok` k ek`tbcy prfeoue plyef ts os akst prkbohotovf#@lyl Dffvl` plrt`frs wotb BX mfplrtef`ts k eldkr akrpkrltok`s suab ls Vòcfvfrl`m 'J tk f`rkc tbfor ckw%oàkef wkrifrs l`m akccfat l`y ak%plyef`ts rke tbfe.Fepckyfrs typoalccy ak%`làf tbf prfeoue ls l plrt k tbfor akrpkrltf skaolc rfspk`sohocoty

prkjrleef kr ls l elrift%hlsfm lpprklab tk huocmo`j ckylcty lek`j suppcofrs#mostrohutkrs l`m rftlocfrs. –Qalco`j kur prkmuat tbrkujb akrpkrltok` mostrohutok` systfesos vfry akst%ffatovf#― slom Blsl`. –Zf blvf k`f akccfatok` pko`t4 tbf akrpkrltok` kr tbfsabkkc. L`m kr tbfe# ot‟s flsy tk mfmuat tbf fepckyff kr suhak`trlatkr‟s ak`trohutok`morfatcy rke tbfor wljfs.―

]k mltf# @lyl Dffvl` bls plrt`frfm wotb sfvf` eucto`ltok`lc akrpkrltok`s o` ^liostl`#f`rkcco`j =1#>>> ckw%oàkef pfkpcf o`tk vlrokus bflctb pcl`s. Ot os fxpl`mo`j o`tk O`mol l`mClto` Lefroal# l`m os mfvfckpo`j l strltfjy tk f`jljf tbf Qkutb Lsol molspkrl o` Furkpf#Eommcf Flst l`m tbf VQ.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

]bfrf lrf kvfr 2>> eoccok` pfkpcf o` Qkutb Lsol wbk mk `kt blvf laafss tk lkrmlhcf#qulcoty bflctbalrf ‑ hktb hfalusf puhcoa bflctb systfes lrf u`mfr%rfskurafm l`m

kvfrwbfcefm l`m hfalusf qulcoty bflctb o`surlàf prkmuats lrf vortulccy k`%fxostf`t.@o`fty%sfvf` pfr af`t k liostl`‟s aotozf`s ply kut k pkaift kr bflctbalrf aksts#wboab o` tbf alsf k l eldkr bflctb arosos suab ls l strkif# bflrt lttlai kr prfj`l ayakepcoaltok`# al` hlìrupt l ckw%oàkef leocy.

–Zblt blppf`s os tblt leocofs pucc tbfor abocmrf` kut k sabkkc tk suppcfef`t leocyoàkef kr tbfy tlif bojb%o`tfrfst ckl`s rke ckl` sblris# kr hktb#― slom Blsl`. –]bos bls lbujf ffat k` tbf `fxt jf`frltok`# k` l leocy‟s lhocoty tk akef kut k pkvfrty l`m k` tbfskaolc lhroa k f`torf skaoftofs.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

F`jljf akrpkrltok`s strltfjoalccy tk arfltf sblrfm vlcuf. –Ot‟s sk euab ekrf faof`tl`m akst%ffatovf tk pojjyhlai k k fxosto`j pcltkres# mostrohutok` abl``fcs l`makrpkrltf suppcy ablo`s#― slom Blsl`. –Akcclhkrlto`j wotb akrpkrltok`s tk fxpckrf tbfarfltok` k sblrfm vlcuf os l pkwfruc wly tk akef up wotb prkmuats l`m sfrvoafs tblt alèfft tbf `ffms k tbf hkttke k tbf pyrleom.―

I`kw wbf` tk tlif tbf pcu`jf. –]bf flrcy yflrs lrf vfry ablccf`jo`j `làolccy wbf`ykur krjlòzltok` os stocc o` ots o`lày l`m prf%rfvfùf#― slom Blsl`. –O put eysfc l`m eyleocy u`mfr l ckt k `làolc strfss l`m o` rftrkspfat O wkucm`‟t mk ot tbf slef wly ljlo`.Mk`‟t quot ykur mly dkh u`toc yku‟vf rlosfm suaof`t wkrio`j alpotlc,―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4@lyl Dffvl`


Lsbfr Blsl`Gku`mfm4 8>>:

Qfatkr"s/4 Bflctb

Ckaltok`"s/4^liostl`

Zfhsotf4www.`di.krj

Bflctb




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4 Lrlvo`m Fyf Alrf Qystfe


]buclsorld XlvocclGku`mfm4 <?:7

Qfatkr"s/4 Bflctb

Ckaltok`"s/4O`mol

Zfhsotf4www.lrlvo`m.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

Qtlrt hy lai`kwcfmjo`j tblt ‒zfrk‟ os l cfjotoeltf proaf pko`t tk lcckw uòvfrslc laafss9labofvf elxoeue faof aofs tk mrovf mkw` kpfrltok`lc aksts9 l`m kfr tofrfm proao`j skpltof`ts wbk al` lkrm trfltef`t suhsomozf tbksf wbk al``kt.


Lrlvo`m Fyf Alrf Qystfe os tbf clrjfst fyf alrf af`trf o` tbf wkrcm# trflto`j kvfr 8.2 eoccok`pltof`ts l yflr o` O`mol# l`m jckhlccy rf`kw` kr prkvomo`j wkrcm%aclss trfltef`t tk tbf rurlcpkkr. Lrlvo`m akeprosfs sfvfrlc bkspotlcs# mkzf`s k fyf acoòas# l rfsflrab ku`mltok`# lelùlaturo`j af`trf kr kpbtblceoa prkmuats# l` fyf hlì l`m l rfskuraf trloò`j af`trf

tk sprflm ots ekmfc. Ls k`f k tbf ekst salcfm skaolc f`tfrprosfs o` kpfrltok`# tbf Lrlvo`mekmfc bls hff` tbf suhdfat k el`y stumofs kr `flrcy => yflrs. Ots o``kvltok`s lrf tkkùefrkus tk fclhkrltf9 bkwfvfr kr Fxfautovf Morfatkr ]buclsorld Xlvoccl# twk o` plrtoauclrstl`m kut.

]bf rst os ots –lssfehcy co`f― lpprklab tk kpfrltok`lc faofày# tlrjftfm wotb ekvo`jpltof`ts rke abfai%o` tk pkst%kpfrltovf alrf wotbo` twk bkurs. Flrcy k`# Lrlvo`m rflcozfmtblt surjfk`s wfrf tbf rfskuraf tblt coeotfm tbf uehfr k pltof`ts pfr mly# sk tbfytrlo`fm cfss fxpf`sovf stl tk spfaolcozf o` lmeoòstrltok` l`m pltof`t aku`sfcco`j# tbuslcckwo`j mkatkrs tk spf`m toef fxacusovfcy k` surjfrofs. ]kmly# Lrlvo`m fepckys o`kreltok`tfab`kckjy systfes tk ekòtkr pltof`t gkw l`m rfvofw prkafssfs tk f`surf tblt k laocoty#stl kr efmoalc fquopef`t os cft omcf9 tbos mrovfs mkw` aksts kr tbf austkefr. Quab prkafssfaofàofs lcckw Lrlvo`m tk ablrjf cfss tbl` VQ- <.>> kr l molj`kstoa ak`suctltok`.

]bf sfak`m o``kvltok` cofs o` prkmuat mofrf`toltok`. –Zf al`‟t akeprkeosf k` tbf akrf

sfrvoaf# hut plyo`j austkefrs `ffm tk ffc tbfrf‟s l mofrfàf#― fxpclo`s Xlvoccl. –Ot‟s coifhuso`fss aclss l`m fak`key aclss k` l` lorpcl`f.― Lcc pltof`ts rfafovf tbf slef fxafccf`tsurjoalc alrf rfjlrmcfss k lhocoty tk ply9 hut plyo`j pltof`ts al` abkksf provltf rkkes#lor%ak`motokò`j l`m ktbfr tfab`kckjy kptok`s# wbfrfls k`%plyo`j pltof`ts rfakvfr o` clrjfmkreotkry%stycf wlrms. –Zblt‟s oepkrtl`t os tk hf vfry trl`splrf`t lhkut tbf proao`j. Zfblvf l mftlocfm ablrt kutcoò`j tbf akst k vlrokus trfltef`ts l`m pkst%kpfrltovf alrf kptok`ssk pltof`ts al` poai l`m abkksf.― ]blìs tk tbos arkss%suhsomozltok` ekmfc# Lrlvo`m trfltskvfr blc k ots pltof`ts vortulccy kr rff# wbocf plyo`j austkefrs ekrf tbl` akvfr tbksf akstsl`m f`surf `làolc sustlo`lhocoty.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Qtrltfjoalccy l`m pfrsostf`tcy# Lrlvo`m bls kausfm k` prklatovfcy rflabo j kut tk –`k`%austkefrs―# pkkr pfkpcf wbk lrf kvfrckkifm l`m kt plrtoaoplto`j o` tbf elrift. ]brkujbmfalmfs k o``kvltok` l`m fxpl`sok`# tbf akrf vlcuf k tbf huso`fss ekmfc rfelo`suòvfrslc laafss. Laakrmo`j tk Xlvoccl# –Zbftbfr yku lrf tlcio`j lhkut alrmola alrf krfmualtok`# tbf u`mlef`tlc qufstok` os4 Bkw mk yku prkvomf ot kr fvfryk`f;― ]kmly# 7>& k Lrlvo`m‟s `flrcy 1 eoccok` pltof`ts lrf trfltfm rff k akst kr lt bojbcy suhsomozfm rltfs.

]bf Lrlvo`m ekmfc bls suaafssuccy tur`fm `k`%austkefrs o`tk acof`ts hy o`trkmuao jfaofàofs tk mrovf mkw` aksts# wotbkut slaroao`j qulcoty. Ls Xlvoccl fxpclo`s# –^ltof`ts wbkal` lkrm tk ply tbf ucc akst k alrf akef tk us hfalusf kur sfrvoaf os stocc hfttfr l`m cfssfxpf`sovf tbl` wblt os kfrfm o` tbf elrift.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Mfsoj` l ekmfc kr sustlo`lhocoty wotbo` ykur kpfrlto`j ak`strlo`ts. –Qkef austkefrsal` lkrm l proaf pko`t k zfrk# tbf eldkroty al` lkrm l cottcf hot# l`m l selcc pkrtok` blsf`kujb mospkslhcf oàkef tk ply ucc proaf#― slys Xlvoccl. –]bfsf lrf tbf hku`mlrofs tblt wocc

mf`f bkw euab rfvfùf yku al` jf`frltf. O ykur jklc os tk prkvomf l sfrvoaf lt tfres ykuraustkefrs al` lkrm# yku blvf tk jurf kut bkw tk kfr ykur sfrvoafs lt proaf pko`ts suabtblt ykur ljjrfjltfm aksts lrf ckwfr tbl` ykur ljjrfjltfm rfvfùfs.―

Zkri hlaiwlrms. –Zbf` lmvoso`j ktbfrs#― fxpclo`s Xlvoccl# –O sly Yyku eustU rst mf`ftbf prkhcfe. Zblt‟s tbf sozf; Zblt o`tfrvf`tok` os rfquorfm tk skcvf ot; ]bf` mk l elppo`jl`lcysos tk u`mfrstl`m wblt fxosts aurrf`tcy. Os tbfrf flsy laafss; Zblt lrf tbf f`trypko`ts; Zbfrf lrf tbf aurrf`t jlps o` o`rlstruaturf# tfab`kckjy kr buel` alpotlc; Grketbfrf# yku al` wkri hlaiwlrms tk mftfreo`f bkw hfst tk cc o` tbf bkcfs# wboab uctoeltfcyhfakefs ykur pcl` kr o`tfrvf`tok`.―

Bflctb




]bf O``kvltok`

Xftkkc akeek` prlatoafs o` fefrjo`j elrifts ‑ suab ls lctfr`ltovf bflctbalrf wkrikrafs‑ kr mfvfckpfm aku`try ak`tfxts l`m# o` tbf prkafss# rfmf`f wblt ak`stotutfs bflctbalrfl`m wbk al` prkvomf ot.


VQ proelry alrf pbysoaol`s lrf kvfrwbfcefm wotb pltof`t alsfcklms# fspfaolccy o` ckw%oàkef lrfls# spf`mo`j ls cottcf ls <1%<6 eoùtfs pfr pltof`t. Zbocf tbfsf vosots lrflmfqultf tk jf`frltf l molj`ksos ‑ lstbel# sly# kr molhftfs ‑ l`m prfsarohf l plrtoauclr

akursf k trfltef`t# tbf u`mlef`tlc mrovfrs k pltof`t bflctb lrf cft u`lmmrfssfm. Al`tbf leocy lkrm lmfqultf utrotok`; Blvf tbfor bflt l`m wltfr hff` sbut k muf tkclai k plyef`ts; Blvf tbfy hff` fvoatfm rke tbfor bkef; –^bysoaol`s lrf uccy lwlrftblt lmmrfsso`j tbfsf hlsoa rfskuraf ffms os fqulccy o kt ekrf oepkrtl`t tbl` l`yprfsaroptok` tbfy al` jovf#― slom Xfhfaal Kòf# Ak%Gku`mfr k Bflctb Cflms. –Hut tbfysly# ‒Zf wfrf`‟t trlo`fm kr tbos. Zf mk`‟t i`kw bkw tk sfaurf bkuso`j kr kur pltof`ts.Zf dust mk`‟t blvf tbf alplaoty o` kur acoòas tk lmmrfss tbksf ffms.‟―

Bflctb Cflms sft lhkut tk abl`jf tbos# fehlrio`j k` l soeoclr pltb tk wfcc%i`kw` ekmfcssuab ls lrt`frs o` Bflctb o` Bloto l`m Lsskaolk Qlumf Arolàl o` Hrlzoc# wboab tlpo`tk l clrjf wkrikraf k akeeuòty bflctb wkrifrs tk akepcfef`t pbysoaol`s‟ alrf. O`tbf Bflctb Cflms ekmfc# tblt wkrikraf os tbf stumf`t pkpucltok` o` ckalc akccfjfs l`muòvfrsotofs. –Ot tur`s kut tblt o yku elp tbf mf`soty k Yckw%oàkefU Efmoalom pltof`tsljlo`st tbf mf`soty k akccfjf stumf`ts o` aotofs larkss tbf aku`try# tbksf twk pkpucltok`s

co`f up#― slom Kòf. –L`m ot tur`s kut akccfjf stumf`ts lrf tbf pfrfat wkrikraf4 tbfy lrff`frjftoa# tfab slvvy l`m tf`laokus lt o`kreltok` rftrofvlc.―

Bflctb Cflms‟ stumf`t Lmvkaltfs# ls tbfy lrf i`kw`# u`mfrjk l akepftotovf rfaruotef tl`m trloò`j prkafss k` akccfjf alepusfs# akeeotto`j up tk <> bkurs pfr wffi kr leoòeue k k`f yflr. ]bf Lmvkaltfs lrf stltok`fm o` tbf wloto`j rkkes k Bflctb Cflms‟plrt`fr acoòas l`m# ltfr l` oòtolc ffms lssfssef`t# bfcp pltof`ts laafss l`y k tbf 6>hlsoa rfskuraf ffms rfcfvl`t kr tbfor aorauestlàfs# suab ls kkm lssostlàf# abocmalrfvkuabfrs# JFM prkjrleefs ‑ fvf` fjktolto`j wotb tbf utocotofs akepl`y tk jft tbfor bflttur`fm hlai k`. Lmvkaltfs kcckw up k` l wfficy hlsos u`toc tbf pltof`ts blvf sfaurfm tbfhlsoa rfskurafs tbfy `ffm. Clst yflr# Bflctb Cflms‟ <#>>> Lmvkaltfs sfrvfm `flrcy ?#>>>pltof`ts l`m tbfor leocofs# sfrvoao`j 8< plrt`fr acoòas o` sox aotofs.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Hktb mfvfckpo`j l`m mfvfckpfm aku`trofs lcoif laf ak`strlo`ts o` mfcovfro`j bojbqulcoty bflctbalrf ‑ suab ls l coeotfm ùehfr k trlo`fm pbysoaol`s ‑ fvf` ls prfssurfeku`ts tk oeprkvf bflctb kutakefs wbocf iffpo`j aksts el`ljflhcf. El`ljo`j lautfbflctb fposkmfs lek`j ckw%oàkef pkpucltok`s rltbfr tbl` kauso`j k` prfvf`tok`hy lmmrfsso`j u`mfrcyo`j rkkt alusfs os womfcy rfakjòzfm ls l` oepkrtl`t mrovfr k bflctbalrf aksts.

Lmmrfsso`j tbfsf systfeoa ablccf`jfs –os`‟t lhkut ekrf ek`fy#― slom K of. –Ot‟s lhkutfxpl`mo`j kur mfòtok` k wblt bflctbalrf prkmuats lrf# rf%oeljoò`j tbf acoòa ls l pclaf`kt k`cy tk trflt occ`fss hut tk prfvf`t ot# l`m arfltovfcy mfpckyo j lctfr`ltovf wkrikrafs.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Ckki tk fefrjo`j elrifts kr skcutok`s l`m prlatoaf rfvfrsf o``kvltok`. –O` tbfjckhlc bflctb ak`tfxt# ot‟s prftty euab tlif` kr jrl`tfm tblt trlmotok`lc efmoalc alrf woccuctoeltfcy hf o`ffatovf u`cfss yku soeuctl`fkuscy lmmrfss tbf skaolc ak`tfxt k pltof`ts‟covfs#― slom Kòf# aoto`j ekmfcs o` Clto` Lefroal# Lroal l`m fcsfwbfrf tblt akpf wotbl sbkrtljf k mkatkrs l`m ursfs hy trloò`j akeeuòty bflctb wkrifrs. –]bfrf lrfaku`tcfss ekmfcs tblt rf%oeljo`f bflctbalrf prkvomfrs o` l ekrf fxpl`sovf wly. Zf lrf dust k`f k tbf fw mko j ot o` tbf VQ.―

Cfvfrljf fxosto`j rfskurafs o` `fw wlys. Ls Kòf rfalccfm# –Zf lsifm kursfcvfs#‒Bkw mk wf akst%ffatovfcy fxpl`m tbf alplaoty k fxosto`j acoòas sfrvo`j ckw%oàkefpltof`ts;‟― Xfjlrmcfss k tbf ossuf yku lrf tryo`j tk skcvf# sbf rfakeef`ms –omf`toyo`jtbf u`tlppfm buel` l`m pbysoalc rfskurafs tblt fxost lcrflmy# l`m jurf kut bkw tkutocozf tbfe o` fw l`m u`l`toaopltfm wlys tk oeprkvf kutakefs.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Bflctb Cflms


Xfhfaal M. KòfGku`mfm4 <??7

Qfatkr"s/4 Bflctb

Ckaltok`"s/4VQ

Zfhsotf4www.bflctbcflmsusl.krj

Bflctb




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4AOFQ


Xkhfrtk IoilwlGku`mfm4 8>>2

Qfatkr"s/4 Bflctb

Ckaltok`"s/4Hrlzoc

Zfhsotf4www.prkdftkaofs.ake.hr

]bf O``kvltok`

Akepcfef t fxosto`j bflctbalrf sfrvoafs wotb `làolccy sustlo`lhcf ekhocf uòts kausfm k`prkvomo`j rff kr bojbcy lkrmlhcf wkrcm%aclss spfaolcozfm alrf.

]bf O``kvltok` Fxpclo`fm4

El`y aku`trofs utocozf ekhocf bflctb uòts tk oeprkvf laafss tk qulcoty bflctbalrf# fspfaolccyo` rfektf rfjok`s kr scues wbfrf tbfrf lrf vfry fw mkatkrs pfr tbkusl`m o`blhotl`ts. Wfry fw suab uòts kfr spfaolcozfm alrf l m fvf` fwfr usf wkrcm%aclss tfab`kckjy l`mfquopef`t. Gkr tbf ekst plrt# ekhocf uòts lrf rfstroatfm tk jf`frlc abfai%ups kr tk kfro`jk`f so`jcf spfaolcty lt hfst. ^cus tbfy blvf bojb kpfrlto`j aksts# eflò`j tbfy rfquorf

pfrpftulc suhsomofs.

O` ak`trlst# AOFQ bls mfvfckpfm ekhocf bflctb af`trfs kfro`j sfrvoafs o` ekrf tbl`<> efmoalc spfaolctofs# oàcumo`j jlstrkf`tfrkckjy# alrmokckjy# urkckjy# eleekjrlpby#f`mksakpy l`m ekrf. Ots bflctb truai os hoccfm ls tbf wkrcm‟s –hojjfst acoòa k` wbffcs―#oàkrpkrlto`j fxle l`m surjfry rkkes tblt al` trflt up 86> pfkpcf l mly wotb spfaolcozfmalrf lt l` lvfrljf akst k HXC <? "VQ- <>/ flab.

AOFQ bls mfvfckpfm twk lmmotok`lc ekmfcs tk akepcfef`t tbf bflctb truai. Ots Bflctb Hkxos l ak`tlo`fr%coif struaturf eflsuro`j :.6e x 8.6e# flsocy trl`spkrtlhcf hy l tkw truai#altlelrl` kr rlt tk trflt pkpucltok`s laafssohcf k`cy hy rovfr o` pclafs coif tbf Vppfr Lelzk` Hlso`. Ot ak sosts k l stl`m%lck f ekhocf bflctb systfe alplhcf k lmmrfsso`jkur tk sfvf` spfaolctofs l`m oàkrpkrltfs l 82e8 covo`j splaf. Go`lccy# ots Bflctb Wl` os lakeplat uòt wotb fquopef`t kr mojotlc rlmokckjy fxles# uctrlsku`ms l`m fabkalrmokjrlpbytblt os spfaoalccy lmlptfm kr `lrrkw strffts# eku`tlo`kus rfjok`s l`m stffp tfrrlo`.

Hut huocmo`j ekhocf uòts lck`f wocc kt rfcofvf f`kujb prfssurf k` tbf puhcoa bflctb systfe.–Zf wkri o` acksf plrt`frsbop wotb ckalc jkvfrèf`ts tk o`gufàf puhcoa bflctb pkcoay#―fxpclo`fm Xkhfrtk Ioilwl. –Zf mfpcky kur uòts strltfjoalccy# lmlpto`j tbf spfaolcozltok`sk` kfr hlsfm k` flab pkpucltok`‟s `ffms# l`m k`cy ltfr ak`muato`j l ak`suctltok` prkafsswotb el`y ckalc stlifbkcmfrs. Kur loe os tk akepcfef`t proelry bflctbalrf l`m rfmuaf tbf`ffm kr ak`muato`j molj`kstoa tfsts lt selcc l`m efmoue%sozfm bkspotlcs# rffo`j tbfe uptk kaus k` ffatovf trfltef`t k pltof`ts.―

O` lmmotok`# tk flsf tbf strlo` k tkk fw qulcofm spfaolcosts# AOFQ plrt`frs wotb rfsflrabuòvfrsotofs tk trlo` mkatkrs. –L bkspotlc wocc blvf l` fcfatrkalrmokjrle elabo`f# kr fxlepcf#hut ckalc mkatkrs mk`‟t i`kw bkw tk rflm ot#― slom Ioilwl. –Qk wf plrt`fr wotb uòvfrsotybkspotlcs tk trlo` tbfsf mkatkrs l`m prkvomf ak`toùkus suppkrt.―

]k mltf# AOFQ bls trfltfm kvfr <8>#>>> pltof`ts l`m trlo`fm ekrf tbl` 6#6>> bflctb wkrifrso` 82 aotofs larkss sox Hrlzocol` stltfs. Ots ekmfc bls lttrlatfm o`tfrfst rke 6> ktbfr aotofs o`tbf aku`try l`m lhrklm.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

O` Hrlzoc# <=2 eoccok` pfkpcf ":7& k tbf pkpucltok`/ mfpf`m upk` tbf kvfrhurmf`fm puhcoabflctb systfe. ]bf mosplroty o` efmoalc sfrvoaf hftwff` rfjok`s os jrkwo`j# putto`j rfektfpkpucltok`s lt l` oàrflso`j moslmvl`tljf. Gkr fxlepcf# o` tbf Lelzk` rfjok` tbfrf os k`cyk`f jf`frlc prlatotok`fr pfr 2#>>> o`blhotl`ts.

]bf stltf k spfaolcozfm alrf o` el`y fefrjo`j elrifts os fvf` wkrsf. El`y pltof`ts eustwlot ek`tbs kr yflrs tk jft spfaolcozfm efmoalc lttf`tok` lt puhcoa bkspotlcs o` clrjfr aotofs#ktf` lt jrflt pfrsk`lc akst.

^rlatoalc LmvoafCkalcozf tk rfpcoaltf. Ioilwl slom# –]bf rst stfp tk rfpcoalto j ykur ekmfc os tk u`mfrstl`mtbf ckalc ak`motok`s. _ku `ffm tk mfvfckp i`kwcfmjf lhkut tbf ckalc akeeuòty‟s blhots#aucturf# skaolc l`m fak`keoa ak`motok`s. K`cy tbf` al` yku wkri lck`jsomf tbfe l`m lmlptykur sfrvoafs.―

F`surf l` lcojèf`t k` vosok` l`m vlcufs wotb ykur o`vfstkrs l`m plrt`frs. –Zfblvf tk elif surf tblt pktf`tolc o`vfstkrs lrf o`vfsto`j o` us hfalusf tbfy wl`t tk o`vfsto` l akepl`y wotb l skaolc eossok`#― slom Ioilwl. –L`m ot‟s rfgfatfm o` kur jkvfr`làf.K`f o`vfstkr alef tk stumy us# tk ckki lt kur alsb gkw# kur `làolc rfsucts# l`m lsifmtk rfpcoaltf kur ekmfc o` l`ktbfr aku`try. Fvf` tbkujb tbfy slom tbfy prokrotozfm kur skaolceossok`# ot quoaicy hfakef acflr tbfy wl`tfm tk kaus k` jrkwo`j tbf prkts k tbf akepl`yrltbfr tbl` k` tbf hf`fts tk tbf akeeuòty. Qk O slom `k.―

Bflctb




]bf O``kvltok`

ût tbf huso`fss ffms k tbf provltf sfatkr –rk`t l`m af`trf― o` tbf mfsoj` l`m mfcovfryk tbf skcutok`.

]bf O``kvltok` Fxpclo`fm Fmualtok` Gkr Fepckyef`t "FGF/ lmmrfssfs twk prkhcfes soeuctl`fkuscy4 tbf sioccjlp rfsucto`j rke fmualtok`lc systfes tblt loc tk prfplrf jrlmultfs kr provltf%sfatkr`ffms# l`m tbf kppkrtuòty movomf lao`j ckw%oàkef# tlcf`tfm ykutb wbk mk `kt blvf tbfak`tlats kr tbf skt sioccs tk f`tfr tbf dkh elrift.

Zbf` FGF f`tfrs l aku`try# ot lssfehcfs l stfcclr Hklrm k Morfatkrs rke tbf `ltok`lchuso`fss l`m fmualtok`lc akeeuòtofs wbk lrf pfrsk`lccy l`m puhcoacy akeeottfm tktlaico`j tbf ykutb u`fepckyef t arosos. ]bf Hklrm efehfrs cfvfrljf tbfor ftwkris l`marfmohocoty tk rlosf FGF‟s vosohocoty o` tbf huso`fss akeeuòty# l`m sf`m l` oepkrtl`t elriftsoj`lc tk tbf eldkr fepckyfrs.

O` flab aku`try FGF ak`muats elrift rfsflrab tk mftfreo`f tbf uturf jrkwtb o`mustrofstblt sufr rke l sbkrtljf k qulcofm dkh lppcoal`ts. FGF tbf` elifs tbos kfr tk eldkrfepckyfrs o` tbksf sfatkrs4 –Zf wocc jovf f`try%cfvfc al`momltfs tbf sioccs tbfy `ffm tkhf rflmy tk wkri k` tbf dkh rke mly k`f. O` rftur`# yku prf%akeeot tk boro`j l afrtlo`ùehfr k ckw%oàkef ykutb wbk suaafssuccy jrlmultf rke kur trloò`j prkjrleef.―Qtl efehfrs k FGF‟s fepckyfr plrt`frs lcsk vkcu`tffr tk ef`tkr FGF trlo`ffs.

FGF‟s trloò`j prkjrleef kausfs k` mfvfckpo`j hktb blrm l`m skt sioccs. Ot lmlptswkrcm%aclss trloò`j ekmucfs k` tbf blrm sioccs rfquorfm hy spfaoa o`mustrofs l`m akupcfs

tbfe wotb skt siocc trloò`j tk hkkst ak`mfàf# mfvfckp arotoalc tboìo`j l`m lvojltfprkfssok`lc wkri f`vorkèf ts. ]bfsf oàcumf ekmucfs k` toef l`m strfss el`ljfef`t#tflewkri# puhcoa spflio`j l`m elio`j prfsf`tltok`s.

]k mltf# FGF bls pclafm :>& k ots jrlmultfs o`tk dkhs lt kvfr ?>> akeplòfs. O` tbfsf dkhs# jrlmultfs jlo` urtbfr laafss tk ak`toùo`j fmualtok` l`m trlo o`j# aovoa f`jljfef`tkppkrtuòtofs l`m ef`tkro`j rke prkfssok`lcs o` tbfor fcm# oàcumo`j ktbfr FGF lcueò.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Zotb 86& k yku`j Lrlh wkef` l`m ef` u`fepckyfm# tbf Eommcf Flst l`m @krtb Lroal "EF@L/ bls tbf bojbfst rltf k ykutb u`fepckyef`t o` tbf wkrcm. Zbocf el`yvkaltok`lc prkjrleefs fxost o` EF@L l`m fcsfwbfrf# fw lrf tlockrfm tk tbf ffms k tbfprovltf sfatkr# lssost o` dkh pclafef`t kr bkcm tbfesfcvfs laaku`tlhcf kr pclao`j ykutbo` rftlo`lhcf dkhs. Hy lato`j ls l ucc%skcutok` ekmfc tblt prkvomfs o`tfjrltfm sfrvoafsk ykutb rfaruotef`t# trloò`j# dkh pclafef`t l`m k`jko`j ef`tkro`j# FGF prkvomfs larotoalc sfrvoaf tblt ekst akeplòfs clai. L`m hfalusf plrt`fr akeplòfs prf%akeeottk boro`j FGF jrlmultfs# tbf ekmfc eoòeozfs tbf trl`sotok`lc lcckut hftwff` trloò`j l`mfepckyef`t.

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Iffp l rlzkr%sblrp kaus k` wblt yku mk hfst. –Ls el`y krjlòzltok`s jrkw# tbfyhro`j k` `fw plrt`frs kr mk`krs wbk wl`t tbfe tk mk `fw tbo`js#― fxpclo`s DleofEaLucof. –Hut ablso`j tbksf mkcclrs al` cflm tk l mousok` k sfrvoafs l`m# uctoeltfcy#oeplat. Zf tboì k kursfcvfs ls l pcuj%o` skcutok` kr tbf siocc jlp9 YwfU stly kausfm k`trloò`j ykutb# pclao`j tbfe o` dkhs l`m suppkrto`j tbfe tbrkujb kur lcueò ftwkri sktbfy al` suaaffm# prkvomo`j kur huso`fss plrt`frs wotb tbf io`ms k fepckyffs tbfy lrfckkio`j kr.―

Gkr tbf ekmfc tk hf sustlo`lhcf# fvfryk`f `ffms –skef sio` o` tbf jlef―. –Zbf`wf rst stlrtfm# wf blm l ckt k wkri tk mk tk abl`jf fepckyfrs‟ eo`msfts tblt tbfrfos l bujf u`tlppfm pkkc k buel` alpotlc. Qk wf ifpt ffs vfry ckw tk rfmuaf hlrrofrstk plrtoaopltok`. @kw wf lrf i`kw` kr prkvomo`j l jrflt sfrvoaf# hut ot‟s stocc lt l bojbcysuhsomozfm rltf. Kur huso`fss plrt`frs ply lhkut 8>& k tbf akst# l`m kur jklc os tkoàrflsf tblt tk 6>& kvfr toef# tbkujb tbfor fxpfatltok`s ffm tk hf el`ljfm alrfuccy.Kur stumf`ts# tkk# blvf tk ply l `keo`lc ff sk tbfy blvf skef ‒sio` o` tbf jlef‟# hutwf wocc ffm tk rfvofw tbos kvfr toef wbocf stlyo`j kausfm k` tbf vuc`frlhcf pkpucltok` wfalrf lhkut#― slys EaLucof.

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Fmualtok` Gkr

Fepckyef`t

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4 Dleof EaLucof l`m Xk` Hrumfr

Gku`mfm4 8>>8

Qfatkr"s/4 _kutb# Fmualtok`# Fepckyef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4Fjypt# Dkrml`# Ekrkaak# ^lcfsto`f#

]uòsol# _fef`

Zfhsotf4www.ff.krj

Fepckyef`t ' F`tfrprosf

Mfvfckpef`t




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Grof`ms O`tfr`ltok`lc

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4 Qâhlstof` Elrkt

Gku`mfm4 <??=

Qfatkr"s/4 _kutb# Fmualtok`# Bflctb# F`tfrprosfMfvfckpef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4Alehkmol# Clks# O`mk`fsol# ]blocl`m#Bk`murls# Efxoak# Fjypt# Eylèlr

Zfhsotf4www.rof`ms%o`tfr`ltok`lc.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

Akeho`f kr%prkt l`m `k`%prkt lres u`mfr k`f rkk tk prkvomf l akeprfbf`sovf sft k sfrvoafs kr yku`j pfkpcf.


Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok lc prkvomfs skaolc l`m fmualtok`lc sfrvoafs tk prktfat# fmualtf l`m fquopelrjo`lcozfm abocmrf` l`m ykutb o` urhl` lrfls. ]bfsf mffpcy vuc`frlhcf yku`j pfkpcflrf skeftoefs `fjltovfcy rffrrfm tk ls –strfft abocmrf`― l`m ely hf bkefcfss# krpbl`s#voatoes k sfxulc kr pbysoalc lhusf kr blvf suhstlàf lhusf prkhcfes. –Ot‟s skeftoefs ekrffxpfmof`t tk rku`m up bkefcfss ykutb hfjjo`j k` tbf strffts l`m pclaf tbfe o` duvfòcf

mftf`tok` af`trfs lwly rke tbf puhcoa fyf#― slom Qâhlstof` Elrkt. –Qk wf try tk ak`voàfjkvfrèf`ts tblt tbfy al` oeprkvf tbfor puhcoa oeljf l`m eotojltf skaolc u`rfst hy o`vfsto`jo` tbos pkpucltok` l`m jftto`j tbfe o`tk dkhs.―

O` Alehkmol# wbfrf Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc bls l <?%yflr bostkry# tbf krjlòzltok` os latovfcyo`gufào`j pkcoay# suab ls mfsojò`j l vf%yflr pcl` kr tbf jkvfrèf`t tk kstfr leocyakbfsok`. Flab toef Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc fxpl`ms ots kpfrltok`s tk l fw aku`try# otcfvfrljfs lccofs wbk f`dky strk`j ckalc rfputltok`s# suab ls euctocltfrlc ljfàofs# fehlssofsl`m u`mo`j f`totofs# tk omf`toy l strltfjoa pko`t k f`try wotbo` tbf `ltok`lc kr euòaoplcjkvfrèf`t. ]bf Eoòstrofs k Qkaolc Llors l`m ]kurose lrf `lturlc plrt`frs# kr fxlepcf.–Ot‟s arotoalc tk fstlhcosb l` o`stotutok`lcozfm plrt`frsbop wotb tbf jkvfrèf`t sk tblt wf‟rf ktmfpf`mf`t k`f bojb%prkcf pfrsk` wbk ely cflvf kaf#― slom Elrkt.

Grof`ms O`tfr`ltok`lc ru`s sfvfrlc spfaoa o`tfrvf`tok`s. ]bfor fmualtok` prkjrleef bfcpsyku`jfr abocmrf` altab up l`m elo`strfle hlai o`tk puhcoa sabkkc. Gkr kcmfr ykutb#

tbfy prkvomf suhstlàf lhusf aku`sfcco`j# vkaltok`lc trloò`j# cof sioccs wkrisbkps l`m dkh pclafef`t sfrvoafs. ]bf krjlòzltok` lcsk ru s sfvfrlc skaolc huso`fssfs# oàcumo`jrfstlurl`ts# tk jovf ykutb k`%tbf%dkh trloò`j l`m prkvomf l stfppo`j stk`f tk l rfjuclr dkh.O` tbf jrkwo`j bkspotlcoty sfatkr# Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc wkris wotb el`y bktfcs l`m tkuroseakeplòfs tk prkektf skaolccy rfspk`sohcf tkurose l`m fàkurljfs tbfe tk laafpt trloò`jjrlmultfs o`tk f`try%cfvfc pksotok`s.

]kmly# Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc‟s prkjrleefs oeplat 7>#>>> elrjo`lcozfm abocmrf` l`m ykutb#ls wfcc ls tbfor leocofs# fvfry yflr. ]brkujb ots A_]O Lccolàf l`m AbocmQlf oòtoltovf wotbktbfr o`tfr`ltok`lc @JKs l`m jkvfrèf`t krjlòzltok`s# Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc mossfeo ltfshfst prlatoafs l`m arfltfs abocm prktfatok` ftwkris tbrkujb ckalc l`m o`tfr`ltok`lcaleploj`s.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

]bfrf lrf kvfr 6>> eoccok` elrjo`lcozfm abocmrf` l`m ykutb o` urhl lrfls wkrcmwomf muftk eojrltok`# u`fepckyef`t# mkefstoa lhusf# suhstlàf lhusf# abocm trlaio`j l`m+krmfaflsfm plrf`ts. Zotbkut sustlo`lhcf# salclhcf o`tfrvf`tok`s tk bfcp tbfsf yku`j pfkpcfjft tbfor covfs hlai l`m rfo`tfjrltf o`tk skaofty# tbfy wocc ak`toùf tk wfojb fjltovfcy k`puhcoa sfauroty# fak`keoa mfvfckpef`t l`m skaolc wfclrf systfes. ]bf Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lcekmfc cfvfrljfs ak`trohutok`s rke jkvfrèf`t# aovoc skaofty l`m huso`fssfs tk mfcovfrsfrvoafs l`m o`vfst o` elrjo`lcozfm yku`j pfkpcf sk tbfy hfakef uàtok`lc l`m prkmuatovfefehfrs k skaofty.

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Lcoj` ykur krjlòzltok` wotb tbf `ltok`lc jklcs k tbf aku`try o` wboab yku lrfkpfrlto`j. –Jkvfrèf`t plrt`frs al` cflr` rke ykur krjlòzltok`# hfakef ykur plrt`frsl`m sfrvf ls l rfskuraf tbrkujb wboab yku al` abl``fc ykur prkjrleefs#― slom Elrkt.

–Hfo`j lcoj`fm mkfs`‟t efl` hfo`j o` ljrffef`t lhkut fvfrytbo`j. _ku‟rf `kt tbfrf tkoepcfef`t tbfor pkcoay. _ku‟rf tbfrf tk o`gufàf ot o` l hfttfr wly. Ot‟s fxtrfefcy moauct tk hfffatovf o yku‟rf ekvo`j o` morfat kppksotok` tk jkvfrèf`t pcl`ò`j prokrotofs.―

Jovf arfmot rffcy. Jkvfrèf`t ljfàofs lrf prkeo`f`tcy arfmotfm o` Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc‟sl`ùlc rfpkrts# puhcoaltok s# pkstfrs l`m soj`ljf# l`m ify jkvfrèf`t kaolcs lrf o`votfm tkak%ablor tbf krjlòzltok`‟s bojb%prkcf fvf`ts l`m effto`js. –Jfsturfs coif tbfsf elif ot skeuab flsofr tk huocm trust wotb jkvfrèf`t plrt`frs#― slom Elrkt.


Mfvfckpef`t




]bf O``kvltok`

Cfvfrljf fxosto`j o`rlstruaturf tk o`trkmuaf fw prkmuats l`m sfrvoafs tk u`mfrsfrvfmelrifts# rltbfr tbl` huocmo`j l mostrohutok` systfe rke sarltab.

]bf O``kvltok` Fxpclo`fm O` pkkr# rurlc voccljfs tbrkujbkut tbf ^bocoppo`fs# pfkpcf clai laafss tk cof%f`blào`jjkkms l`m sfrvoafs suab ls efmoao`f# eksquotk hfm fts# slf mroìo`j wltfr l`mfcfatroaoty. Zbf` Blpo`ky ak%ku`mfrs Hle Lquo`k l`m Elri Xuoz ckkifm lt tbos prkhcfe#tbfy rflcozfm ot wkucm hf ekrf akst%ffatovf tk cfvfrljf fxosto`j o`rlstruaturf tbl` tkhuocm l fw k`f tk elrift l`m mostrohutf suab prkmuats o` pkkr akeeuòtofs. ]bfy

rflsk`fm tblt# dust ls Akal%Akcl os o` fvfry voccljf l`m skcm o` to`y sbkps alccfm –slro%slro―stkrfs# tbfy akucm blr`fss tblt slef mostrohutok` ftwkri tk sfcc efmoao`f l`m skclr%hlsfmf`frjy.

Fvf` wotb tbf uefrkus lmvl`tljfs k tbos lpprklab# ossufs blm tk hf rfskcvfm.Ekst k tbf bu`mrfms k tbkusl`ms k slro%slro stkrfs lrf ru` hy u`fmualtfm# felcfeoarkf`trfprf`furs wotb `k huso`fss trloò`j. ]k omf`toy bojb%pktf`tolc stkrfkw`frsrfafptovf tk fw prkmuat co`fs# tbfy usfm ALXM "tbfor strltfjoa plrt`fr l`m tbf^bocoppo`fs‟ clrjfst eoark`làf o`stotutok`/# wboab blm fxosto`j arfmot rfcltok`sbops wotbtbkusl`ms k slro%slro stkrfkw`frs. Kàf omf`tofm# tbfy oàf`tovozfm stkrfkw`frs tk dko`tbf Blpo`ky ftwkri. Hy ljjrfjlto`j tbf mfel`m k sfvfrlc tbkusl`m stkrfs# Blpo`kykfrfm l `làolc oàf`tovf o` tbf kre k abflpfr stlpcfs# plrtoauclrcy o` mffp rurlc lrfls.@fxt# tbfy mfvfckpfm fmualtok`lc ak`tf`t kausfm k` rfakrm iffpo`j# stkrf faofàofsl`m prkmuat movfrsoaltok`# tk strf`jtbf` stkrf kpfrltok`s l`m oàrflsf prkts. Blpo`kylcsk huoct l sf`sf k akeeuòty# kfro`j stkrfkw`frs ek`tbcy effto`js tk mk pffr

cflrò`j fxfraosfs.

]kmly Blpo ky wkris wotb kvfr <>#>>> slro%slro stkrfs larkss 8>> akeeuòtofs o`skutbfr` Cuzk`. ]bfy lrf latovfcy mfvfckpo`j fw prkmuats l`m stlrto`j l ekhocf ek`fyrfeottlàf skcutok` larkss tbfor ftwkri.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Aurrf`tcy# lhkut blc k tbf wkrcm‟s pkpucltok` rfsomfs o` rurlc lrfls. O` mfvfckpo`jaku`trofs tbos rfprfsf`ts l sojòal`tcy clrjf prkpkrtok` k tbf pkkr# wbk rfelo` oskcltfmrke elrift laafss muf tk pkkr o`rlstruaturf l`m+kr rfektf`fss. El`y skaolc f`tfrprosfstblt mfvfckp l fw prkmuat kr tfab`kckjy "l skclr clep# kr fxlepcf/ lrf tfeptfm tk huocml prkproftlry slcfs l`m mostrohutok` o`rlstruaturf# wboab jrfltcy lmms tk tbf akst%pfr%uòtskcm.

Krjlòzo`j tbf o`krelc fak`key o`tk l krelc ftwkri prfsf`ts ablccf`jfs# hut hystrf`jtbfò`j tbf fxosto`j slro%slro stkrf o`rlstruaturf "Blpo`ky‟s akrf sfrvoaf kfro`j/ l`mkutskurao`j k`%akrf latovotofs# Blpo`ky bls labofvfm sojòal`t akst faofàofs l`m ospkosfm kr rlpom salco`j. Ot wocc ak`toùf tk hf l` omflc f`try pko`t l`m mostrohutok` abl``fckr hktb clrjf akeplòfs l`m skaolc f`tfrprosfs fljfr tk f`tfr u`mfrsfrvfm elrifts.

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Gkaus k` tbf akrf l`m plrt`fr kut tbf rfst. –]bf eljoa kreucl k tbf Blpo`ky ekmfcos huso`fss trloò`j# pcus laafss tk alpotlc# pcus fw prkmuat co`fs tblt blvf bojbfr prktelrjo`s#― slys Xuoz. –Zf mk tbf trloò`j# wboab os wblt wf‟rf hfst lt# l`m kur plrt`frs mktbf rfst. ALXM prkvomfs tbf o`dfatok` k alpotlc tblt lcckws stkrfs tk oeprkvf tbfor aurrf tprkmuat eox l`m lmm lmmotok`lc o`vf`tkry# cflmo`j tk akst slvo`js. Akeplòfs l`m skaolcf`tfrprosfs suppcy wblt wf alcc tbf ‒skaolc oeplat jkkms l`m sfrvoafs‟# coif efmoao`f l`m

hfm `fts. L`m wf blvf l dko`t vf`turf wotb l clrjf%salcf mostrohutok` akepl`y "]lk/ tkel`ljf mostrohutok` ls wf salcf.―

Mk`‟t hf elrrofm tk tbf holsfs k ykur ekmfc. –Lt skef pko`t wf rflcozfm wf akucm ktsalcf kur fxosto`j ekmfc hfalusf wf f`mfm up lhskrho`j tbf aksts k mostrohutok`#― lmmsXuoz. –Zf … rflcozfm wf wkucm blvf tk sbot ekmfcs# wboab os wblt cfm tk tbf mfaosok` tksbut mkw` kur wlrfbkusf l`m o`stflm arfltf l dko`t vf`turf wotb ]lk. _ku blvf tk tlif l`bk`fst ckki lcc tbf toef. Zf‟vf elmf sk el`y zojzljs l`m lmdustef`ts O coif tk dkif YtbltUwf lrf k` vfrsok` 88 k kur ekmfc.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Blpo`ky

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4 Hle Lquo`k l`m Elri Xuoz

Gku`mfm4 8>>:

Qfatkr"s/4 F`tfrprosf Mfvfckpef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4^bocoppo`fs

Zfhsotf4

www.blpo`ky.ake


Mfvfckpef`t




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4F`mflvkr Jckhlc

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4 Co`ml Xkttf`hfrj

Gku`mfm4 <??:

Qfatkr"s/4 F`tfrprosf mfvfckpef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4Clto` Lefroal# Eommcf Flst# Qkutbflst Lsol

Zfhsotf4www.f`mflvkr.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

F`lhcf bojb%oeplat f`trfprf`furs o` fefrjo`j elrifts tk arfltf dkhs l`m jrkw tbforakeplòfs hy bfcpo`j tbfe kvfrakef sojòal`t hlrrofrs tk jrkwtb.

]bf O``kvltok` Fxpclo`fm4

F`trfprf`furs o` fefrjo`j elrifts laf trfef`mkus aucturlc l`m struaturlc hlrrofrs tbltbo`mfr tbf jrkwtb k tbfor akeplòfs ‑ clai k laafss tk rkcf ekmfcs# ak`tlats# alpotlcl`m qulcofm el`ljfef`t fxpfrtosf# tk lef hut l fw ‑ wboab sckws kt k`cy tbforkrjlòzltok`‟s jrkwtb hut lcsk tbf sustlo`fm# hrklm%hlsfm fak`keoa jrkwtb tbfy akucmakccfatovfcy u`cflsb. –Oàuhltkrs# laafcfrltkrs l`m huso`fss akepftotok`s kaus k` tbf stlrt%

up pblsf#― slom Co`ml Xkttf`hfrj. –Hut ot‟s rflccy muro`j salcf%up pblsf wbf` f`trfprf`fursjft stuai l`m `ffm tbf ekst suppkrt. Qk wf kaus k` suppkrto`j salcf%ups# `kt stlrt%ups.―

Aurrf`tcy kpfrlto`j o` <: aku`trofs# F`mflvkr‟s –pucc ekmfc― rfquorfs f`jljfef`t hy ckalcprovltf sfatkr cflmfrs wbk pcfmjf tbfor toef l`m ek`fy tk kpf` l` F`mflvkr lcoltf. –Zfhuoct l rlàbosf systfe wbfrfhy wf rlosf u`mo`j# suppkrt l`m hklrm akeeotef`ts rketbf provltf sfatkr hfkrf wf jk o`tk l`y aku`try#― slom Co`ml Xkttf`hfrj. –Fvfryk`f‟s uso`jtbf slef strltfjoa pcl`# tbf slef sft k jklcs l`m tbf slef jckhlc `ftwkri# hut tbfy al`lmlpt l`m austkeozf ot kr tbfor aku`try. Zf ak%arfltf wotb kur ckalc hklrms.―

F`mflvkr mfvfckpfm l sox tk twfcvf ek`tb sfcfatok` prkafss wbfrfhy al`momltfs lppcyo`jtk l`y k`f k tbf <: `ltok`lc lcoltfs eust rst plss l sfrofs k ckalc l`m rfjok`lc o`tfrvofwshfkrf hfo`j prfsf`tfm tk k`f k F`mflvkr‟s o`tfr`ltok`lc sfcfatok` pl`fcs. Kvfr tbf clst<6 yflrs# F`mflvkr bls sarff`fm l`m prkvomfm ffmhlai tk kvfr 1>#>>> al`momltfs l`msfcfatfm ekrf tbl` :77 bojb%oeplat f`trfprf`furs tbrkujb tbos prkafss. –Kur sflrab l`m

sfcfatok` prkafss os sk rojkrkus# ot‟s l sflc k lpprkvlc tblt lttrlats o`vfstkrs l`m strltfjoaplrt`frs l`m f`lhcfs tbf f`trfprf`furs tk sfaurf rfskurafs fvf` hfyk`m wblt wf prkvomfmorfatcy#― slom Xkttf`hfrj.

Kàf sfcfatfm# tbf bojb%oeplat f`trfprf`furs blvf laafss tk l` u`rovlccfm ftwkri k sflsk`fm huso`fss cflmfrs# alccfm tbf Wf`turfAkrps# wboab tbfy al` tlp o`tk kr ef`tkrsbop#`ftwkris# strltfjoa lmvoaf l`m o`sporltok`. O` tbos wly# F`mflvkr kt k`cy sfcfats bojb%pktf`tolc f`trfprf furolc tlcf`t hut f`blàfs tbf faksystfe o` wboab tbfsf akeplòfskpfrltf hy ak``fato`j tbfe wotb tkp ckalc huso`fss cflmfrs l`m arflto`j l akeprfbf`sovfsuppkrt systfe.

F`mflvkr F`trfprf`furs blvf arfltfm kvfr tk 8>>#>>> bojb# vlcuf dkhs# jf`frlto`j VQ- 6hoccok` o` rfvfùf o` 8><< lck`f l`m lvfrljo`j l 7?.=& jrkwtb rltf wotbo` tbf rst twk yflrsk sfcfatok` o`tk tbf F`mflvkr ftwkri.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

]bf ify tk u`cflsbo`j tbf pktf`tolc o` fefrjo`j elrifts os ktf`toefs o` suppkrto`j tbforf`trfprf`furolc faksystfes. O` Qocoak` Wlccfy# kr fxlepcf# wbfrf tbf f`vorkèf`t os wfcc%mfvfckpfm kr o``kvltok` l`m f`trfprf furolc latovotofs# ot os kt soepcy l akàf`trltok` k f`trfprf`furs# hut lcsk l akeeuòty tblt latovfcy suppkrts tbfe ‑ rke uòvfrsotofs wotbfxafccf`t rfsflrab l`m mfvfckpef t alplaoty tk o`vfstkrs l`m lmvosfrs wocco`j tk tlif rosisl`m jft o`vkcvfm.

Hy prkekto`j bojb%oeplat f`trfprf`furs l`m arflto`j rkcf ekmfcs# F`mflvkr os kstfro`j lclrjfr aucturf k f`trfprf`fursbop o` mfvfckpo`j aku`trofs. Ls l rfsuct# dkhs lrf arfltfm# l`mekst oepkrtl`tcy# buel`# skaolc# o`tfccfatulc l`m aucturlc alpotlc lrf lcc f`blàfm# arflto`jpkaifts k uturf Qocoak` Wlccfys lrku`m tbf wkrcm.

^rlatoalc LmvoafHf acflr k` wblt‟s akrf l`m wblt al` hf akeprkeosfm. –O rflcozfm O blm tk jovf up l cktk ak`trkc o O wl`tfm tkp cflmfrs o` tbfsf aku`trofs tk ak`trohutf l sfrokus leku`t k tbfortoef#― slom Xkttf`hfrj. –Ot‟s bfcpuc o yku u`mfrstl`m wblt lrf tbf tbo`js tblt al``kt hfabl`jfm ‑ o` kur alsf# tbf hrl`m bls tk hf ak`sostf`t# lcc f`trfprf`furs blvf tk hf sfcfatfmtbrkujb l` o`tfr`ltok`lc pl`fc# tbo`js coif tblt ‑ l`m wblt lrf tbf tbo`js yku al` hf gfxohcfl`m lmlptlhcf k`.―

Akccfat mltl tk fvlcultf l`m oeprkvf ykur austkefrs‟ sltoslatok`. –Zf lrf vfry mltlmrovf` l`m wf lrf ak`stl`tcy twflio`j kur sfrvoafs hlsfm k` wblt‟s pkpuclr l`m wblt‟swkrio`j l`m wblt‟s `kt#― slom Xkttf`hfrj. –Zf survfy kur f`trfprf`furs sfvfrlc toefs lyflr wotb tbf Hlo` @ft rkektfr Qystfe tk mftfreo`f bkw sltosfm kur austkefrs lrf ‑ `ktkvfrlcc# hut bkw sltosfm tbfy lrf wotb fvfry sfrvoaf.―

Huocm l skcom tfle. –]kk el`y skaolc f`trfprf`furs akepclo` lhkut tbf ‒auct k tbfablroseltoa cflmfr sy`mrkef‟#― slom Xkttf`hfrj. –O lcwlys sly# ‒_ku al`‟t hf l pkp stlr ‑yku blvf tk hf l rkai hl`m.‟ _ku blvf tk o`vfst tbf rfskurafs tk huocm l rflccy strk`j sfòkrtfle sk ot‟s `kt dust l k`f pfrsk` sbkw. F`mflvkr bls l` oàrfmohcf sfòkr el`ljfef`ttfle.―


Mfvfckpef`t




]bf O``kvltok`

Vsf tbf bkki k rff f`tfrtloèf`t tk lttrlat l`m fektok`lccy ak``fat wotb clrjflumofàfs# fxpksf tbfe tk fmualtok`lc efssljfs# l`m prkvomf l pcltkre tk ak``fattbfe huso`fss kfro`js l`m jkvfrèf`t prkjrles.


Xfakjòzo`j tblt tbf -6VQM toaift proaf put ekvof tbfltrfs kut k rflab k l eldkroty k Efxoal` aotozf`s# Ao`fpkp ku`mfr Lrofc Tychfrsztfd` arfltfm l rff kutmkkr tbfltrf ‑ ljol`t o`gltlhcf sarff` tblt akucm hf sft up o` u`mfr twk bkurs o` l`y puhcoa pclzl krtkw` squlrf. ]bf ce sarffò`js prkvomfm l euab%`ffmfm akeeuòty sfrvoaf o` ckw%

oàkef fojbhkurbkkms ‑ lcc jf`frltok`s k tbf leocy alef tkjftbfr kr l` fvfò`j k u`f`tfrtloèf`t ‑ l`m prkvfm oeef`sfcy pkpuclr. Ls el`y ls 1>>> pfkpcf lttf`mfm flabsarffò`j.

\uotf skk`# tbf Ao`fpkp tfle rflcozfm ot blm arfltfm l pkwfruc lssft4 tbf pkwfr tkfepkwfr pfkpcf hy ak``fato`j fektok`lccy. Ckw oàkef austkefrs lrf moauct l`mfxpf`sovf tk rflab# fspfaolccy o` rurlc l`m pfro%urhl` lrfls. Hut wbf` tbkusl`ms k pfkpcf jltbfr o` tbf tkw` squlrf tk wltab l ekvof# tbf leholàf k cojbt%bflrtfm# leocy%rof`mcy u` elifs tbfe plrtoauclrcy rfafptovf tk fmualtok`lc efssljfs plailjfm o` l`f`tfrtloò`j wly.

Ao`fpkp stlrtfm prkmuao`j krojo`lc ak`tf`t l`m fmualtok`lc prkjrles# fvkcvo`j o`tk lmffpfr pcltkre `lefm BKXEOJL. Ls BKXEOJL fehlris k` l` lehotokus fxpl`sok`strltfjy tbrkujb l rlàbosf systfe ‑ ot loes tk hf tbf ekst ffatovf pcltkre tk ak``fattk tbf Hkttke k tbf ^yrleom elrift ‑ ot bls mfvfckpfm l akepfcco`j l`m eflsurlhcf

vlcuf prkpksotok` kr ots akrpkrltf l`m jkvfrèf`t plrt`frs# wboab Lrofc Tychfrsztfod`hfcofvfs os arotoalc tk sustloò`j tbf huso`fss ekmfc.

Ckalc jkvfrèf`ts prkvomf tbf pbysoalc splaf# sfauroty# l`m f`frjy bkki%ups. O` rftur`#tbfy jft l` fxtrfefcy faof`t akeeuòaltok` pcltkre tk rflab clrjf lumofàfs wotbtlrjftfm efssljfs. BKXEOJL oàkrpkrltfs fmualtok`lc prkjrleeo`j hktb hfkrf l`mltfr tbf ekvof sarffò`js k` tkpoas suab ls bflctb# leocy humjfto`j# skaolc vlcufs# tbff`vorkèf t# fta. L`m lt ekst sarffò`js# BKXEOJL rf`ts kut splaf tk ots akrpkrltfspk`skrs o` o`gltlhcf stlccs tk sfcc prkmuats l`m sfrvoafs mfsoj`fm kr tbf hkttke k tbfpyrleom "suab ls eoarkarfmot# ckw%akst efmoalc ak`suctltok`s# mosaku`tfm ekhocf pbk`fs#fta./.

]kmly# flab sbkwo`j lttrlats 6>> tk 1>>> pfkpcf. O` eflsuro`j ots oeplat# Ao`fpkpbls ku`m tblt up tk 1>& k tbf pfkpcf lt tbfor ekvof sbkwo`j abl`jf tbfor blhots l`mhfblvokurs ls l rfsuct k hfo`j fxpksfm tk fw akàfpts# sfrvoafs# l`m prkmuats.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Ckw%oàkef pkpucltok`s covo`j o` euòaoplcotofs lwly rke tbf eldkr aotofs ktf` sufrrke l` fak`keoa# fmualtok`lc# l`m skaolc movomf o` Efxoak l`m o` ktbfr aku`trofs. OÈfxoak lck`f tbos akeprosfs 7> eoccok` pfkpcf larkss 8=6= euòaoplcotofs wotb l akeho`fmpurablso`j pkwfr kvfr -16 hoccok`. _ft tbfsf pfkpcf lrf clrjfcy `fjcfatfm hy trlmotok`lcelrifts l`m clai laafss tk o`kreltok`# tfab`kckjy# prkmuats# l`m sfrvoafs tblt akucmktbfrwosf sojòal`tcy oeprkvf tbfor cofstycfs. Ktf`# ls l rfsuct# tbfy mfvfckp mfpf`mfàfk` skaolc wfclrf prkjrles.

BKXEOJL bls ffatovfcy ljjrfjltfm mfel`m lek`j tbos pkpucltok` l`m arfltfm tbfelrift coìljf hftwff` tbfe l`m tbf trlmotok`lc elrift hy arflto`j l akst%ffatovf l`mu` pcltkre kr akeplòfs# jkvfrèf`t# l`m ckalc akeeuòtofs tk o`tfrlat.

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Arfltf l` fektok`lc ak``fatok` wotb ykur hf`faolrofs. –]k fmualtf pfkpcf l`m bfcptbfe oeprkvf tbfor qulcoty k cof# yku `ffm tk ak``fat fektok`lccy wotb tbfe#― slom LrofcTychfrsztfd`. –^fkpcf ckvf tk plrtoaopltf o` kur pcltkre hfalusf tbfy blvf u`# l`m tbf`tbfy mosakvfr tbfy lcsk cflr` `fw tbo`js. Zf latulccy eflsurf tbos# l`m i`kw tblt 1 kut k <> pfkpcf wbk plrtoaopltf o` kur fvf`ts abl`jf tbfor blhots kr hfblvokrs.―

^rkvomf l tlockrfm vlcuf prkpksotok` kr flab stlifbkcmfr. –]bos os skeftbo`j wf blvfwkrifm k` l ckt#― slom Lrofc Tychfrsztfod`. –Zf blvf acflr oàf`tovfs kr flab plrt`fr wfwkri wotb# l`m wf al` latulccy mfek`strltf eflsurlhcf hf`fts kr flab k`f k tbfe.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Ao`fpkp + Bkreojl


Lrofc Tychfrsztfd`Gku`mfm4 8>>=

Qfatkr"s/4 Vrhl` Mfvfckpef`t# Aovoa^lrtoaopltok`# ]fab`kckjy

Ckaltok`"s/4Efxoak

Zfhsotf4

www.ao`fpkp.ake.ex

Vrhl` Mfvfckpef t




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Zlstf Akàfr`


Otfiblr F`lyftucclb l`m L.B.Em.Elqskkm Qo`bl

Gku`mfm4 <??6

Qfatkr"s/4 Vrhl` Mfvfckpef`t# ZlstfEl`ljfef`t# Xf`fwlhcf F`frjy#Acoeltf Abl`jf

Ckaltok`"s/4Hl`jclmfsb

Zfhsotf4www.wlstfakàfr`.krj

]bf O``kvltok`

]ur` tbf wlstf el`ljfef`t prkhcfe lao`j aotofs o`tk l skcutok` kr ckwfr%akst ljroaucturlco`puts kr lrefrs o` rurlc lrfls.


]bf Zlstf Akàfr` ekmfc lmmrfssfs tbrff prkhcfes soeuctl fkuscy4 tbf pkkr ùtrof`tak`tf`t k kvfr%lrefm skoc o` rurlc lrfls9 tbf elssovf wlstf el`ljfef`t prkhcfe lao`jeuòaoplc jkvfrèf`ts o` urhl` lrfls9 l`m roso`j jrff`bkusf jlsfs rfspk`sohcf kracoeltf abl`jf. –Hl`jclmfsb‟s aotofs l`m tkw`s jf`frltf 8>#>>> tk`s k wlstf l mly# l`mcoif ekst ckw%oàkef aku`trofs# 2>& k tblt wlstf os krjlòa#― slom Otfiblr F`lyftucclb.

–Zf blvf mfvfckpfm l tfab`kckjy tblt ak`vfrts krjlòa wlstf tk frtocozfr lt salcf# wboabsoeuctl`fkuscy rfmuafs jrff`bkusf jls feossok`s l`m jovfs lrefrs l bojbfr yofcm fvf`tbkujb ot rfquorfs euab cfss orrojltok`.―

Vso`j tbf sckjl` –Zlstf os l rfskuraf#― Zlstf Akàfr` bls fstlhcosbfm l `ftwkri k 7> mfaf`trlcozfm fojbhkurbkkm%hlsfm rfayaco`j l`m akepksto`j pcl`ts tbrkujbkutHl`jclmfsb l`m bls arfltfm tbkusl`ms k dkhs kr wlstf poaifrs# wbk flr` tbrff toefs tbforprfvokus oàkefs l`m lrf prkvomfm wotb rff cuàbfs l`m abocmalrf. O` Mblil aoty# ZlstfAkàfr` fstlhcosbfm l clrjf%salcf# <6>%tk` pfr mly alplaoty akepkst pcl`t "fqulc tk tbfleku`t k wlstf jf`frltfm hy =>>#>>> pfkpcf/ l`m akccfats l`m rfayacfs tbf wlstf lt kakst tk tbf jkvfrèf`t.

Zlstf Akàfr` bls twk rfvfùf strfles. ]bf rst os rke tbf slcf k krjlòa frtocozfr#wboab ot sfccs morfatcy tk l clrjf akepl`y tblt elrifts# mostrohutfs l`m sfccs tbf prkmuat tkkvfr <>>#>>> lrefrs larkss Hl`jclmfsb. ]bf sfak`m rfvfùf strfle akefs rke tbf

slcf k alrhk` arfmots. Zlstf Akàfr` os wfcc k` ots wly tk rfekvo`j ?>#>>> tk`s k alrhk`feossok`s rke tbf ltekspbfrf hy 8><6# wboab ot os sfcco`j l`ùlccy tk Lsol` Mfvfckpef`tHlì u`mfr tbf Acfl` Mfvfckpef`t Efablòse k tbf Iyktk rktkakc.

Zotb suppkrt rke tbf Hocc ' Efco`ml Jltfs Gku`mltok` l`m V@FQAL^# Zlstf Akàfr`‟sekmfc os hfo`j rfpcoaltfm o` <> Lsol` l`m <> Lroal` aotofs. ]bf ku`mfrs blvf lcsk arfltfml trloò`j af`trf o` Mblil tblt rfjuclrcy rfafovfs mfcfjltok`s rke @JKs# provltf sfatkrrfprfsf`tltovfs# V@ ljfàofs l`m krfoj` jkvfrèf`ts.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

O` ekst mfvfckpo`j aku`trofs# wlstf el`ljfef`t os l bujf prkhcfe# ls lrf lst%mfacoò`jljroaucturlc yofcms l`m tbf oàrflso j vuc`frlhocoty k lreo`j pkpucltok`s muf tk acoeltfabl`jf. ]bf aoty k Mblil lck`f prkmuafs up tk 6#>>> tk`s k wlstf mlocy# yft cfss tbl` blc k tbos leku`t os akccfatfm# rfsucto`j o` l rl`jf k sfrokus bflctb l`m f`vorkèf`tlc ossufs o`ckw%oàkef lrfls wbfrf wlstf os cft tk mfakepksf k` rklmsomfs l`m o` kpf` sfwfrs.

Oàrflso`jcy# F`lyftucclb os cfvfrljo`j Zlstf Akàfr`‟s fxpfrofàf tk prkektf skaolchuso`fss akàfpts o` Hl`jclmfsb l`m tbrkujbkut Lsol tk skcvf ablccf`jfs coif tbfsf. –O ykur wkrikraf os ckw%oàkef pfkpcf# l`m o ykur prkmuats lrf tlrjfto`j ckw%oàkef pfkpcf#yku sbkucm rfafovf rfjucltkry suppkrt#― bf fxpclo`fm. –Gkr prkdfats wotb sk el`y skaolc l`mf`vorkèf tlc hf`fts# yku sbkucm kt hf abl`jfm l <=& tk <6& o`tfrfst rltf hy hlìs. _ku sbkucm rfafovf akàfssok`lry rltfs k 1& tk =&. Zf lrf wkrio`j wotb tbf Hl`jclmfsbjkvfrèf`t k` tbos# hfalusf wf hfcofvf ot‟s oepkrtl`t tk blvf tbf rojbt f`lhco`j f`vorkèf`to` pclaf. Zf lrf lcsk lmvkalto`j kr l vf% tk sfvf`%yflr tlx bkcomly kr provltf sfatkrakeplòfs wkrio`j k` tbfsf io`ms k prkdfats.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Glaocotltf rflc f`jljfef`t wotb plrt`frs muro`j prkk k akàfpt.–V`cfss yku al`prkvf l akàfpt o` mofrf`t ckaltok`s# ot os vfry moauct tk salcf up#― slom F`lyftucclb. –]bf

hojjfst cfssk` wf cflr`fm o` Qro Clìl# Hl`jclmfsb# Alehkmol l`m Woft`le os tblt ykublvf tk o`vfst l ckt k toef k` tbf prkk k akàfpt. Muro`j tblt stljf# ot‟s vfry oepkrtl`t krprovltf akeplòfs tk hf ekrf tbl` o`vfstkrs ‑ tbfy ffm tk hf rflc plrt`frs l`m tk o`tfrlatrfquf`tcy wotb yku l`m wotb tbf rfjucltkrs.―

Ckalc cflmfrsbop elttfrs. F`lyftucclb strfssfm# –El`y ossufs rfquorf tbf suppkrt k ckalckr `ltok`lc jkvfrèf`t tk hf uccy lmmrfssfm. ^fkpcf elttfr. O cflmfrs mk`‟t mk tbf rojbttbo`j# ot‟s vfry moauct kr el`ljfrs tk mk tbf rojbt tbo`j. ]blt‟s wby wf lrf kausfm k` lcflmfrsbop trloò`j prkjrleef kr aoty kaolcs l`m elykrs. L rflc plrt`frsbop wotb cflmfrsboplt tbf aoty jkvfrèf`t cfvfc os `ffmfm sk wf al` blvf ck`j%tfre oeplat k` lcc cfvfcs.―

Vrhl` Mfvfckpef`t




]bf O``kvltok`

Arfltf làbkr pcltkres o` u`mfrsfrvfm fojbhkurbkkms tblt af`trlcozf sfrvoaf mfcovfryrke l rl`jf k sfrvoaf prkvomfrs.


K` tbf eoark cfvfc# O@ACVMFM huocms mkzf`s k akeeuòty af`trfs o` eojrl`t scuestk prkvomf tbfe wotb hfttfr laafss tk fmualtok`# fepckyef`t# skaolc sfrvoafs l`mo`kreltok`. Hfalusf eojrl`t scues lrf o`bfrf`tcy u`stlhcf# O@ACVMFM bls mfvfckpfmtbf Akeeuòty Auhfs ekmfc# wboab rfurhosbfs sboppo`j ak`tlo`frs tk arfltf ekhocf#ekmuclr akeeuòty af`trfs o` tbfsf scues.

–]bfsf akeeuòty af`trfs hfakef stlhcf pcltkres o` vfry u`stlhcf l`m o`krelcf`vorkèf ts#― slom Dk`ltbl` Bursb. –Zf hfjo` hy prkvomo`j l fw làbkr sfrvoafs tkmfvfckp rfcltok`sbops o` tbf akeeuòty# l`m tbf` wf o`votf ktbfr krjlòzltok`s tk pcujo` tbfor sfrvoafs k` tkp k tbos pcltkre. ]bf akeeuòty af`trfs fssf`tolccy hfalefl efmoltok` pko`t kr sfrvoafs o`tk tbf scues.― Qfrvoafs k` kfr rke O@ACVMFM l`mots lcoltf plrt`frs oàcumf ltfr sabkkc prkjrleefs# tflabfr trloò`j# flrcy abocmbkkmmfvfckpef t# bflctb wkrisbkps l`m vkaltok`lc sioccs.

K` tbf elark cfvfc# O@ACVMFM bls arfltfm l ftwkri k krjlòzltok`s wkrio`j wotbeojrl`t pkpucltok`s larkss euctopcf strltfjoa efjl%aotofs wotb tbf jklc k f`lhco`j tbfetk sblrf rfskurafs# hfst prlatoafs l`m oeplat eflsurfef`t eftroas. –Ls l sfatkr# wf`ffm tk arfltf ljrffef`t k` wblt‟s wkrio`j wfcc l`m wblt‟s `kt wkrio`j#― slom Bursb.–Zf lrf lcrflmy trlaio`j tbrff o`moaltkrs kr sfvfrlc akrf prkjrleefs# l`m wf lrf lsio`jkur lcoltfs larkss tbf aotofs tk mk tbf slef. Qkk` wf lrf jko`j tk hf lhcf tk sff wblt‟s

jf`frlto`j tbf hfst rfsucts# l`m wf `ffm tk kaus k` plailjo`j tblt o`kreltok` krmofrf`t lumofàfs coif jkvfrèf`ts# huso`fssfs l`m lalmfeoas sk tbfy al` hf ekrfffatovf o` arflto`j oàcusovf aotofs.―

O` tbf ck`j ru`# O@ACVMFM sffs otsfc ls l ak`suctl`t tk jkvfrèf`ts# bfcpo`j tbfe tkmfsoj` ekrf oàcusovf skaoftofs wbfrf eojrl`ts al` uctoeltfcy blvf krelc laafss tk lccaoty sfrvoafs. –Kur proelry jklc os tk bfcp eojrl`ts gkw rke tbf o`krelc tk tbf krelcfak`key# wotb tbf akeeuòty af`trf ls tbf vfboacf tblt f`lhcfs tbfe tk f`jljf fxosto`jkres k sfrvoafs tbfy sbkucm blvf laafss tk#― slom Bursb. –Kur bkpf os tk rflab ltoppo`j pko`t wbfrf jkvfrèf`ts o`vfst rfskurafs l`m f`frjy o`tk kpfò`j 6>> kr <#>>>akeeuòty af`trfs l`m wf scop o`tk tbf rkcf k l suppkrtfr l`m lmvosfr.―

O@ACVMFM sfrvfs lpprkxoeltfcy 2#>>> eojrl`ts l`ùlccy "o`vfsto`j =>>#>>> ak`tlatbkurs/ o` plrt`frsbop wotb `k`%prkts# akeeuòty krjlòzltok`s l`m jkvfrèf`t ljfàofs.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

@o`fty%vf pfr af`t k urhlòzltok` blppf`s o` tbf mfvfckpo`j wkrcm l`m# wotbo` l fwmfalmfs# k`f o` tbrff pfkpcf o` tbf wkrcm wocc covf o` l eojrl`t scue. Eojrl`t scues o` Lsol k`cy tlif 1>%7> yflrs tk mkuhcf o` sozf# l`m o` Lroal <6%1> yflrs. ]bos bls rlmoalcoepcoaltok`s kr aotofs l`m skaoftofs# wboab stocc mfpf`m k` eojrl`t wkrifrs tk cc arotoalcclhkur jlps.

_ft eojrl`t leocofs ktf` clai laafss tk qulcoty fmualtok`# hlsoa bflctbalrf l`m cfjlcsfrvoafs# ls tbfor rojbts lrf rlrfcy uccy rfakjòzfm. –O wf‟rf bk`fst wotb kursfcvfs# eojrl`tsak`trohutf jrfltcy tk tbf fak`keoa jrkwtb l`m movfrsoty k aotofs larkss tbf wkrcm#― slomBursb. –Aotofs wkucm jro`m tk l blct wotbkut eojrl`t clhkur. Qk cfjoscltok` ffms tk rfgfattbos rflcoty. Eojrl`ts ffm tk hf o`tfjrltfm o`tk tbf krelc fak`key sk tbfy al` rfafovf l

lor rfwlrm kr tbfor ak`trohutok` tk kur aotofs.―^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Ak``fat tbf eoark tk tbf elark. –Ot‟s hff` oepkrtl`t kr us tk stly f`jljfm o` tbf eoarkwkri lt tbf akeeuòty af`trf cfvfc l`m tk arfltf l popfco`f sk tblt tbksf fxpfrofàfsak``fat wotb l`m o`gufàf elark cfvfc pkcoay#― slom Bursb. –Lt tbf slef toef# wf try tkf`jljf tbf ify hoj pclyfrs tk ckki lt tbf ck`j%tfre ossufs tkjftbfr o` l ekrf akbfsovfpfrspfatovf.―

^cly tk tbf uòquf strf`jtbs k tbf skaolc f`tfrprosf sfatkr. –Zf ls skaolc f`tfrprosfslrf lt kur hfst wbf` wf omf`toy fxosto`j jlps o` skaofty ‑ jlps tblt `fotbfr jkvfrèf`t`kr `lturlc elrift krafs lrf effto`j yft#― slom Bursb. –Kur vlcuf%lmmfm rkcf os tk akefup wotb l wkrilhcf ekmfc tk lmmrfss tbksf jlps# l`m tbf` hro`j tkjftbfr tbf puhcoa l`mprovltf sfatkrs tk wkri o` arflto`j hrklm l`m sustlo`fm skaolc abl`jf. Zf sff kursfcvfs

ls l ak``fatok` pko`t tk hro`j tbf ify sfatkrs tkjftbfr tk wkri k` k`f k tbf ekstprfsso`j ossufs k kur af`tury.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4O@ACVMFM


Dk`ltbl` BursbGku`mfm4 8>>7

Qfatkr"s/4 Eojrltok`# Qcues# Vrhl` Mfvfckpef`t#Fmualtok`# Fepckyef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l# @fplc#Hl`jclmfsb

Zfhsotf4www.oàcumfm.krj

Vrhl` Mfvfckpef t




Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4HokXfjok`lc


^kkrl` Mfslo l`m QufXommcfstk`f

Gku`mfm4 <??=

Qfatkr"s/4 F`frjy# F`vorkèf`t# Vrhl`Mfvfckpef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4Furkpf# Abo`l# @krtb Lefroal# Efxoak#Qkutb Lroal# ]l`zlòl# Lustrlcol

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]bf O``kvltok`

]k ekvf ykur o``kvltok` rke òabf tk elo`strfle# kaus k` rfpcoalto`j ykur omfl rltbfr tbl`salco`j ykur krjlòzltok`.


HokXfjok`lc mfvfckps prlatoalc skcutok`s kr akeeuòtofs# huso`fssfs# l`m euòaoplcotofstk mrleltoalccy rfmuaf tbfor alrhk` kktpro`t. ]k –sbkw hy fxlepcf―# o` 8>>8# HokXfjok`lchuoct l`m hfalef rfakjòzfm kr ots HfmTFM fakvoccljf o` Ck`mk`# wboab fàkeplssfsbkuso`j l`m akeefraolc prkpfrtofs pkwfrfm hy rf`fwlhcf f`frjy l`m hlsfm k` <> juomo`jproàopcfs# oàcumo`j uso`j k`cy afrtofm sustlo`lhcf huocmo`j eltfrolcs# ckalc kkm# fxtrfefcy

faof`t wltfr usljf# laafssohocoty tk puhcoa trl`spkrt l`m zfrk wlstf.

]k rfpcoaltf tbos sustlo`lhcf mfvfckpef`t ekmfc jckhlccy# tbf HokXfjok`lc tfle mfaomfmrltbfr tbl` huocmo`j l fw selcc%salcf rflc fstltf mfvfckpef`ts pfr yflr# ot wkucm o`stflmfehlri upk` l strltfjy tk o`tfjrltf K`f cl`ft Covo`j proàopcfs o`tk fw prkdfats k eldkrrflc fstltf mfvfckpfrs. ]brkujb l sfrofs k wkrisbkps l`m ak`suctltok`s# HokXfjok`lcfxpckrfs tbf ak`tfxt%spfaoa ablccf`jfs l`m cflms tbf mfvfckpfr l`m tbfor tfle tbrkujbtbf K`f ^cl`ft Covo`j proàopcfs. –K`f k tbf hojjfst o``kvltok`s kr us os ru`ò`j tbfsfwkrisbkps#― slom kkrl` Mfslo. –Zf hro`j tkjftbfr tbf rflc fstltf mfvfckpfrs wotb tbf aotypcl``frs l`m ktbfr stlifbkcmfrs tk ak%arfltf skcutok`s tblt oàkrpkrltf tbfsf proàopcfs.―

Kut k tbos ak`suctltok` prkafss# HokXfjok`lc mfvosfs l` latok` pcl`# wboab eust hff`mkrsfm hy l pl`fc k fxpfrts# l`m tbf` suppcofs tbf mfvfckpfr wotb l ak`suctl`ttbrkujbkut tbf mfsoj` l`m ak`struatok` prkafss tk trkuhcfsbkkt ls prkhcfes lrosf l`mf`surf tlrjfts lrf eft. V`mfr tbf ekttk –mfvfckpo`j Flrtb‟s jrff`fst `fojbhkurbkkms―#

HokXfjok`lc bls lmvosfm rflc fstltf mfvfckpfrs k` ekrf tbl` VQ- 1> hoccok` k pcl``fmmfvfckpef ts l`m coìfm prkdfats o` tbf VQ# VI# krtujlc# Qkutb Lroal# VLF# Abo`l# Lustrlcol l`m Al`lml tkjftbfr u mfr tbf K`f ^cl ft Akeeuòtofs ruhroa.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

]bf fvfr oàrflso`j strlo`s pclafm k` pcl`ftlry rfskurafs hy kur bkuso`j l m ak`sueptok`plttfr`s lrf wfcc mkauef`tfm l`m u`mfrstkkm. Zblt os cfss wfcc u`mfrstkkm os bkwo`movomulcs# akeeuòtofs l`m akeplòfs al` hfakef ekrf sustlo`lhcf. ]bf K`f ^cl`ftCovo`j proàopcfs lrf womfcy lppcoalhcf hfyk`m bkuso`j ak`struatok` l`m lrf oàrflso`jcylkrmlhcf tblìs tk tfab`kckjoalc o``kvltok`s o` rfaf`t yflrs. HokXfjok`lc bls mfvfckpfml prlatoalc juomf l`m os prkvomo`j lmvoskry l`m trloò`j sfrvoafs o` sustlo`lhcf mfsoj` l`mprlatoaf tk jkvfrèf`ts l`m akeplòfs o` ktbfr o`mustry sfatkrs# oàcumo`j elùlaturo`j#rftloc l`m akeefraf.

–]bfsf proàopcfs sbkucm hf tbkujbt k M@L l`m fehfmmfm o` tbf wly pfkpcf tboì lhkutl`m mfsoj` akeeuòtofs# prkmuats l`m sfrvoafs#― slom Mfslo. –Zf‟rf lcsk wkrio`j wotbelùlaturo j akeplòfs tk fxpckrf bkw tbfsf proàopcfs lppcy tk tbf elùlaturo`jprkafss. Al` yku ekvf tk <>>& rf`fwlhcf f`frjy; Al` yku jft ykur wlstf mkw` tk zfrk;Zblt lhkut tbf kkm suppcy o` ykur latkrofs ‑ os tblt sustlo`lhcf; Al` yku elif ykurlatkry rof`mcofr tk wocmcof l`m put l jrff` rkk l`m `fsto`j hkxfs k` ot; Al` yku suppkrt lckalc f`vorkèf`tlc prfsfrvltok` prkdfat; ]bf proàopcfs al` hf lppcofm fvfrywbfrf.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Blvf u`. Mfslo slom# –O coif tbos quktf rke Ekblelm _uùs4 ‒Zbf` O sff l prkhcfe# O sffl` kppkrtuòty kr l skaolc huso`fss.‟ ]blt‟s l`tlstoa. ]bf hojjfst pofaf k lmvoaf O al` kfros dust tk jovf ot l jk. _ku wocc cflr` sk euab lck`j tbf wly# hut tbf ekst oepkrtl`t tbo`j os tkiffp l sf`sf k u` tbrkujbkut.―

O`tfjrltf sustlo`lhocoty o`tk ykur krjlòsltok`‟s kpfrlto`j proàopcfs. –Ot os oepkrtl`t `kwtk ckki lt tbf jckhlc lvloclhocoty k lturlc rfskurafs l`m elif surf wf lrf arflto`j skcutok`stblt lrf akepltohcf wotb tbf wly kur pcl`ft wkris#― slom kkrl` Mfslo. –Qaof`toa akàfptssuab fakckjoalc kktpro`t l`m pcl`ftlry hku`mlrofs lrf oepkrtl`t stlrto`j pko`ts wboab lcc k us eust hfakef leocolr wotb.―

Vrhl` Mfvfckpef`t



:> Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

]bf O``kvltok`

O`tfrvf`f lt tbf pkcoay cfvfc kr clrjf%salcf struaturlc oeplat.


Cl`mfsl wkris tk prktfat tbf cfjlc cl`m rojbts k tbf pkkr# fspfaolccy o` rurlc lrfls l`m otso``kvltok` os elòfstfm o` bkw ot ffatovfcy f`jljfs jkvfrèf`ts. –Jovf` tbf f`kreotyk tbf cl`m rojbts prkhcfe# ot ffms l struaturlc skcutok`#― slom ]oe Bl`stlm. –Jkvfrèf`tos tbf prkvomfr# julrl`tkr l`m mff`mfr k cl`m rojbts# sk kur lpprklab os tk plrt`fr wotbjkvfrèf`ts tk bfcp huocm l cfjlc rlefwkri kr prkpfrty rojbts.―

O` flab aku`try wbfrf ot wkris# Cl`mfsl sfrvfs ls l hromjf hftwff` pkcoay%elifrsl`m pkkr lre leocofs# ak`sucto`j wotb l womf rl`jf k stlifbkcmfrs l`m tbf` mfsojò`jf`kraflhcf l`m pkcotoalccy volhcf cl`m rfkres. –]bf huci k kur rfsflrab os kut o` tbffcm# tlcio`j tk lrefrs#― slom Bl`stlm. –Hut wf lcsk spf`m l ckt k toef wotb jkvfrèf`tkaolcs tk huocm trust l`m fstlhcosb l prkmuatovf wkrio j rfcltok`sbop. Kur jklc os tk trytk u`mfrstl`m wblt tbfy wl`t tk laakepcosb ‑ `kt o` tfres k cl`m rojbts# hfalusf tbfyktf` mk`‟t tboì lhkut pkvfrty o` tblt wly ‑ hut o` tfres k pkvfrty lccfvoltok` l`m rurlcmfvfckpef`t.―

Cl`mfsl akeho`fs ots rfsflrab k` ckalc ak`motok`s wotb ots mffp fxpfrtosf k` jckhlchfst prlatoafs tk elif rfakeef`mltok`s k` oeprkvfm clws l`m prkafmurfs kr cl`mrojbts# wboab ot prfsf`ts tk jkvfrèf`t kaolcs. ]bf krjlòzltok`‟s rkcf tbf` sbots o`tklmvkalay l`m oepcfef tltok` ls jkvfrèf`ts rltoy fw clws kr f`mkrsf pockt oòtoltovfs.Gkr fxlepcf# tbf Abo`fsf jkvfrèf`t hfjl` julrl`tffo`j lcc lrefrs 1>%yflr cl`m rojbtso`gufàfm o` plrt hy Cl`mfsl‟s rfakeef`mltok`s# l`m tbf krjlòzltok` ak`toùfs tk

lmvosf tbf jkvfrèf`t k` rfjostrltok` l`m muf prkafss o` fxprkproltok` alsfs. L`m oÒ`mol# Cl`mfsl bfcpfm mfsoj` l VQ- 8>> eoccok` jkvfrèf`t oòtoltovf tk prkvomf 8 eoccok`cl`mcfss leocofs wotb –eoark%pckts― k cl`m tktlcco`j <+<> k l` larf.

Kvfr tbf clst kur mfalmfs# Cl`mfsl bls bfcpfm sfaurf cl`m rojbts kr ekrf tbl` <>6eoccok` leocofs o` kvfr =6 aku`trofs.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

]brff%qulrtfrs k tbf wkrcm‟s pkkrfst pfkpcf covf o` rurlc lrfls wbfrf cl`m os l aruaolc lssftl`m l proelry skuraf k oàkef# sfauroty# kppkrtuòty l`m stltus. K tbksf pfkpcf# ekrftbl` < hoccok` clai tbf cfjlc rojbts kvfr tbf cl`m tblt sfrvfs ls tbfor skuraf k kkm# stltusl`m oàkef. Qtumofs o`moaltf tblt cl`m kw`frsbop kt k`cy hkksts ljroaucturlc prkmuatovotyo` tbf mfvfckpo`j wkrcm# hut os lcsk morfatcy coìfm wotb oeprkvfm bflctb# utrotok` l`msabkkc f`rkcef`t kutakefs.

Cl`mfsl‟s ekmfc os womfcy lppcoalhcf hfyk`m cl`m rfkre. –Qkaolc f`tfrprosfs l`m@JKs tf`m tk stlrt wotb l morfat sfrvoaf ekmfc# l`m k`cy wbf` tbfy jft stuai k` pkcoayak`strlo`ts mk tbfy stlrt tk tboì lhkut pkcoay#― slom Bl`stlm. –Hut ktf` cfvfrljo`j pkcoaytkkcs al` hf tbf ekst oeplatuc tlatoa rke tbf stlrt# l`m kur kur%stfp lpprklab k rfsflrab%mfsoj`%lmvkaltf%oepcfef`t os bojbcy rfpcoalhcf.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Hf prljeltoa l`m `kt omfkckjoalc o` ykur lpprklab. Mk `kt f`tfr wotb l`yprfsuppksfm skcutok`s o` eo`m. –Zf lrf vfry prljeltoa l`m `kt omfkckjoalc# wboab oswblt mosto`juosbfs us rke l ckt k ckalc plrt`frs l`m @JKs#― slom Bl`stlm. –Xltbfr tblòepksf ykur vlcufs l`m hfcofs k` wblt ktbfrs ffm# hf buehcf lhkut wblt yku tboì ykui`kw l`m rfakjòzf yku mk`‟t blvf lcc tbf l`swfrs. Fvfry sftto`j l`m fvfry sotultok` os

mofrf t. Hfo`j l coftoef cflr`fr l`m ckkio`j lt fvfry pfrsk` yku efft ls l` kppkrtuòtytk cflr` os arotoalccy oepkrtl`t.―

Ak`somfr pkcoay ls l stlrto`j pko`t. –Ekrf skaolc f`trfprf`furs l`m `k`%prktkrjlòzltok`s sbkucm tboì lhkut pkcoay kt ls l` ltfrtbkujbt# hut rltbfr skeftbo`j tbfyak`somfr rke tbf hfjo`ò`j#― slom ]oe Bl`stlm. –Ktf` cfvfrljo`j tkkcs k pkcoay al` hftbf ekst oeplatuc wlys kr l skaolc f`trfprf`fur tk stlrt.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Cl`mfsl "krefrcy Xurlc

Mfvfckpef`t O`stotutf/

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4 Xky C. ^rkstfrel`# ]oe Bl`stlm

Gku`mfm4 <?7:

Qfatkr"s/4 Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t# Cl`m l`m ^rkpfrtyXojbts# ^kvfrty Lccfvoltok`

Ckaltok`"s/4VQ# Abo`l# O`mol# Xussol# Lroal

Zfhsotf4www.cl`mfsl.krj

Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t



:<Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4QFCAK


Blrosb Bl`mfGku`mfm4 <??6

Qfatkr"s/4 Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t# F`frjy#F`vorkèf`t

Ckaltok`"s/4O`mol

Zfhsotf4

www.sfcak%o`mol.ake

]bf O``kvltok`

]k mfvfckp ffatovf mosruptovf tfab`kckjofs tbrkujb lpprkproltf `lào`j# elrift coìljfsl`m ltfr%slcfs sfrvoaf.


QFCAK mfsoj`s skclr f`frjy prkmuats austkeozfm kr bkusfbkcms l`m selcc huso`fssfsckaltfm o` k%jrom rurlc lrfls. ]bfsf uòts# proafm rke VQ- <7>%1>># mfcovfr hfttfr cojbto`j#lmmotok`lc oàkef kr selcc huso`fssfs# l`m arfltf dkhs kr rurlc f`trfprf`furs f`jljfm oò`stlccltok`s l`m elo`tf`làf.

^rkvomo`j lkrmlhcf# ck`j%tfre `lào`j l`m mfvfckpo`j l rfputltok` kr fxafccf`t ltfr%slcfs sfrvoafs lrf akrf akepk`f`ts k QFCAK‟s ekmfc. –Kur skclr uòts lrf `kt ak`suefrprkmuats#― fxpclo s Blrosb Bl`mf. –]bfy lrf lssfts ‑ ktf` tbf ekst fxpf`sovf lssft ltfrtbf bkusf otsfc ‑ l`m rfquorf ck`j%tfre `lào`j lt lkrmlhcf o`tfrfst rltfs.― ]bfrfkrf#QFCAK pfrsulmfm ckalc hlìs tk tlockr ckl`s kr pktf`tolc austkefrs# wbksf oàkefguatultfm muf tk sflsk`lc clhkur. QFCAK urtbfr fxpclo`fm tbf ck`j%tfre akst slvo`js k skclr uòts# l`m tbf fak`keoa rftur`s rflcozfm tbrkujb oeprkvfm fmualtok`lc kutakefs#ls abocmrf` jlo` tbf lhocoty tk stumy lt ojbt. QFCAK o`muafm hlìs tk prkvomf tfrestblt lcckwfm pkkr austkefrs tk ply l <>%86& akst mkw` plyef`t# l`m tbf hlclàf oò`stlcef`ts kvfr tbrff tk vf yflrs lt l 6%<=& o`tfrfst rltf.

Bostkroalccy# pktf`tolc QFCAK acof`ts blvf hff` voatoeozfm hy u`ftboalc pfkpcf sfcco`j luctyprkmuats l`m tbf` moslppflro`j# sk QFCAK mfvfckpfm l `ftwkri k 16 ltfr%slcfs af`trfstk kef`t trust. ]bfsf af`trfs trlo` l`m borf tfabòaol`s rke tbf akeeuòty wbk spfli tbfckalc cl`juljf# l`m tbos kstfrs trust o` tbf QFCAK hrl`m wbocf mfek`strlto`j l akeeotef t

tk tbf akeeuòty. Qoàf l tfabòaol` al` trlvfc twk bkurs k` l ektkrhoif# fxpclo`s Bl`mf#–]blt hfakefs kur slcfs rlmous. Zf mk `kt sfcc hfyk`m tblt lrfl hfalusf wf prkeosfsfrvoaf wotbo` 8= bkurs.―

]k mltf# QFCAK bls prkvomfm austkeozfm skclr f`frjy skcutok`s l m lkrmlhcf ck`j%tfre`lào`j tk kvfr 7>>#>>> pfkpcf l`m selcc huso`fssfs o` rurlc lrfls o` O`mol.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

F`frjy laafss os k`f k tbf ifys tk mfvfckpef t l`m pkvfrty lccfvoltok`# ls ot f`blàfsbflctb# fmualtok`# covfcobkkm kppkrtuòtofs l`m ljroaucturlc prkmuatovoty. Ekrf tbl` <.= hoccok`pfkpcf wkrcmwomf blvf k laafss tk fcfatroaoty# l`m l hoccok` ekrf blvf k`cy o`tfreottf`tlaafss. Qkclr f`frjy os l rf`fwlhcf skuraf k f`frjy tblt al` sojòal`tcy l`m ffatovfcylmmrfss tbf ffms k tbf k%jrom pkpucltok`.

Hfyk`m skclr tfab`kckjy# QFCAK‟s cfssk`s kr lppcyo`j ots ekmfc lrf bojbcy rfcfvl`t kr l`yskaolc f`tfrprosf. –_ku blvf tk ckki lt ykur tfab`kckjy prkmuat# eltab ot wotb tbf lpprkproltf`làolc prkmuat# arfltf tbf rojbt elrift coìljfs l`m austkeozf ot kr mofrf`t austkefrsfjef`tltok`s#― slys Bl`mf. –^lailjo`j tbksf pofafs akrrfatcy os fssf`tolc# l`m bojbcyrfpcoalhcf hfyk`m f`frjy.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

]rflt tbf pkkr ls lssft arfltkrs. Mk `kt tboì k tbf pkkr ls efrfcy ak`suefrs# hut lslssft arfltkrs. Cflr` hy plrt`fro`j wotb tbfe tk ak%arfltf skcutok`s# l`m rfakjòzf tbfoepkrtlàf k tbf k`f%tk%k`f ak``fatok` wotb ykur austkefr. –Qkaolc f`trfprf`furs al``ktmfvfckp l rflc skcutok` dust uso`j l huso`fss pcl` l`m mko`j skef rurlc tkurose#― lmmsBl`mf. –@ktbo`j rfpclafs tbf rojkur k hfo`j kut o` tbf fcm l`m latulccy oepcfef`to`j l`mrfò`j l skcutok` o` plrt`frsbop wotb tbf pkkr.―

O`vfst o` pfrsk`lc rfcltok`sbops. Bl`mf fxpclo`s4 –O iffp tfcco`j yku`j skaolc f`trfprf`furstk mfvfckp rof`msbops. O hfalef rof`ms wotb ckalc hlì el`ljfrs l`m tbfor lssostl`ts. Owkucm alcc tbfe l`m pkp hy kr l aup k tfl. ]bf rst hrflitbrkujb O jkt wls wbf` k`f k tbfe jkt soai k ef akeo`j kvfr l`m slom# ‒Bfrf‟s tbf `lào`j# jk l`m mk ot.‟ L`m `kw …el`y k tbksf ckalc el`ljfrs blvf hfakef YtbfU ablorel` k tbfor hlì# l`m el`y k tbksfckalc hurfluarlts lrf kw o` `ltok`lc eoòstrofs o` Mfcbo.―

Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t



:8 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

]bf O``kvltok`

Akeho`f wkrcm aclss mfsoj` tlcf`t wotb ckalc elùlaturo`j l`m euctopcf mostrohutokàbl``fcs.


O` cfss tbl` tf` yflrs# rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s bls huoct l ckalc elùlaturo`j hlsf rke sarltabo`somf Eylèlr tblt prkmuafs bojb qulcoty# lkrmlhcf ljroaucturlc fquopef`t. Fvf` ekrfoeprfssovf# ot bls mfvfckpfm kur mostrohutok` l`m slcfs abl``fcs tblt tkjftbfr akvfr 2>&k tbf aku`try# mfspotf pkkr o`rlstruaturf l`m moauct tfrrlo`. –Blvo`j l ckalc suppcofrlcckws yku tk hf vfry bl`ms%k` l`m oepcfef`t abl`jfs quoaicy o` tbf mfsoj`#― slom Doe

]lyckr. –_ku‟rf mfsoj o`j kr elùlaturlhocoty# l`m yku al` ak`trkc qulcoty ls yku salcfprkmuatok`.―

]kmly# ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s vofws ots mfsoj` l`m el ulaturo`j prkafss ls tojbtcy o`tfjrltfm. ]bf ku`mfrs akcclhkrltf wotb cflmo`j uòvfrsotofs suab ls Blrvlrm l`m Qtl`krm# oòtolccyakeeossokò`j jrlmultf stumf`ts lt tbf Qtl`krm Mfsoj` Qabkkc# wbk tkki fxosto`jtfab`kckjofs coif trflmcf pueps l`m orrojltok` systfes l`m wkrifm morfatcy wotb lrefrs tkoeprkvf tbfor murlhocoty l`m hro`j mkw` aksts. –Kur mfsoj` alplhocotofs lrf oepkrtl`t tk kursuaafss#― fxpclo`fm Mfhhof Luj Mo`. –Qoàf wf mfsoj` k` ckaltok`# ot‟s prftty flsy tk tlifprktktypfs tk usfrs# lsi tbfe tk try ot# l`m jft quoai ffmhlai. Kur typoalc prkmuat tlifs<2 ek`tbs rke oàfptok` tk akeefraolcozltok`.―

Hut tbf rkeoxoty Mfsoj` tfle quoaicy mosakvfrfm tblt mfsoj` os# ls Mfhhof Lu`j Mo`put ot# –<>& k tbf ablccf`jf. Zf blvf tk prkmuaf clrjf qulcotofs k ak`sostf`tcy bojbqulcoty# mk ot k` toef# l`m sfcc tbfe ltok`lccy. ]blt‟s l bujf fkrt.― rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s

usfs kur eldkr mostrohutok` ablccf`jfs tk jft tbfor prkmuats tk lrefrs4 l slcfs krafk <16 pfkpcf9 l ftwkri k 2=> o`mfpf`mf t slcfs ljf`ts# ekstcy lrefrs tbfesfcvfswbk mfek`strltfm f`tbusolse lhkut ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`‟s prkmuats9 ljf`t ioksis# wboablrf eke%l`m%pkp sbkps o` tkw`s l`m voccljfs tblt lat ls ‒slcfs làbkrs‟ hy mospclyo`jprkmuats o` stkrfs9 l`m <2>> voccljf akeeottffs.

Mofrf`t prkmuats# coif orrojltok`# ljroaucturlc `lào`j# pueps# l`m skclr# lrf skcm tkvlryo`j mfjrffs larkss tbf kur abl``fcs# hut –yku blvf tk prkvomf tbf rojbt oàf`tovfs krykur mofrf`t abl``fc plrt`frs l`m yku blvf tk hf alrfuc tblt tbfy mk`‟t akepftf morfatcywotb k`f l`ktbfr#― fxpclo`fm Doe ]lyckr. –]bfrf‟s l rflsk` wby tbfsf abl``fcs mk`‟t fxostkr ktbfr akeefraolc jkkms. Ls l skaolc f`trfprf`fur# yku ktf` blvf tk pok`ffr `fwabl``fcs# tbf fak`keofs k wboab lrf rflccy moauct. Zf lrf ak`stl`tcy ckkio`j lt slcfs hytfrrotkry tk oeprkvf tbf faofày k kur mostrohutok` ftwkri.―

]k mltf# ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s bls oeplatfm ekrf tbl` 6>>#>>> pfkpcf# oàrflso j lreo`joàkef hy ekrf tbl` -<:> eoccok`.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

El`y mfvfckpo`j aku`trofs blvf ljroaucturf%hlsfm fak`keofs# wbfrf tbfrf os womfsprflmpkvfrty lek`j lreo`j akeeuòtofs. Qelcc%pckt lrefrs lrf trlppfm o` l mkw`wlrm sporlck mfacoò`j yofcms l`m ckw proafs kr tbfor kutput. ]k oàrflsf tbfor oàkefs# tbfy `ffmlaafss tk tfab`kckjy# `làolc arfmot# l`m elrifts. Hfyk`m ljroaucturf# ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`‟sekmfc occustrltfs bkw oepkrtl`t ‑ l`m moauct ‑ ot os tk jft tbf hlclàf rojbt hftwff`jckhlc fxpfrtosf l`m ckalc i`kwcfmjf.

–L ckt k ckalc @JKs blvf mffp i`kwcfmjf# hut tbfy mk`‟t blvf o`tfr`ltok`lc ak``fatok`stk tbf rojbt io`ms k fxpfrtosf l`m alpotlc#― slom Doe ]lyckr. –L`m o`tfr`ltok`lc krjlòzltok`sktf` clai tbf ckalc u`mfrstl`mo`j k prkhcfes l`m ossufs. O` tbf f`m# ot tlifs mffp

i`kwcfmjf l`m u`mfrstl`mo`j k l plrtoauclr ak`tfxt tk skcvf prkhcfes k pkvfrty# hut oteust hf ak``fatfm tk tbf hrklmfr wkrcm l`m tbf hfst omfls kut tbfrf.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Mfsoj` os fssf`tolc. –Mfsoj` tboìo`j bls l ckt tk ak`trohutf tk fak`keoa mfvfckpef`tl`m pkvfrty rfmuatok`#― slys Mfhhof Lu`j Mo`. –Mfsoj` os vfry fepltby%hlsfm l`musfr%af`tfrfm. Qkeftoefs f`jo`ffrs l`m o`vfstkrs arfltf tbo`js o` l vlauue# hut‟s os vfryoepkrtl`t tk hf acksf tk ykur austkefrs l`m tk hf bfcm laaku`tlhcf hy tbfe.―

Blr`fss tbf mosaopco`f k tbf elrift. –@JKs alrf lhkut tbfor austkefrs l`m tbforprkmuats# hut hfalusf tbfy lrf kt jftto`j soj`lcs hlai rke tbksf austkefrs# tbfy al`skeftoefs jft lwly wotb sckppy sfrvoafs o pfkpcf lrf`‟t plyo`j kr tbfe#― slom Doe ]lyckr.–_ku `ffm tk rfcy k` elrift soj`lcs l`m huso`fss proàopcfs. ]rflt pfkpcf ls austkefrscoif l`y ktbfr huso`fss wkucm. Elif ykursfc flsy tk mk huso`fss wotb# l`m f`surf strk`j

huso`fss fxpfrofàf os plrt k ykur krjlòzltok`‟s M@L.―

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s


Doe ]lyckr l`m Mfhhof Lu`j Mo`Gku`mfm4 8>>=

Qfatkr"s/4 Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t# Ljroaucturf# ]fab`kckjy

Ckaltok`"s/4Eylèlr

Zfhsotf4

www.prkxoeotymfsoj`s.krj

Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t



:1Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Lt L Jclàf

Qkaolc F`tfrprosf4Byhrom Qkaolc Qkcutok`s

Oà. "BQQo/

Qkaolc F`trfprf`fur"s/4 Doe Lylcl

Gku`mfm4 8><>

Qfatkr"s/4 F`frjy# Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t

Ckaltok`"s/4^bocoppo`fs

Zfhsotf4www.byhromskcutok`s.lsol

]bf O``kvltok`

Mfvfckp prlatoalc lppcoaltok`s kr fxosto`j tfab`kckjofs hy u`mfrstl`mo`j ckalcozfm ak`motok`sl`m ak%mfvfckpo`j fw prkmuat co`fs wotb austkefrs.


Mostoàt rke ekst skclr f`frjy huso`fssfs# Byhrom Qkaolc Qkcutok`s Oà. "BQQo/ os fotbfr lprkmuat elùlaturfr `kr purfcy l mostrohutkr. O`stflm# ot spfaolcozfs o` mfvfckpo`j prlatoalc`fw lppcoaltok`s kr l rl`jf k rurlc usfr sfjef`ts hy f`jljo`j mffpcy wotb rurlc voccljfs o`Qkclr Vsfr Gkrues tk u`mfrstl`m ckalcozfm f`frjy pkvfrty ablccf`jfs l`m ak%mfvfckp skclrprkmuats.

Gkr fxlepcf# hfalusf skef rurlc voccljfrs wfrf uso`j tbfor bkusfbkcm skclr cleps tk mrovflwly ruot hlts l`m wocm lòelcs jftto`j o`tk tbfor arkps# BQQo o`trkmuafm skclr pkwfrfmspktcojbts tblt f`lhcfm lrefrs tk spkt pfsts rke up tk 6> eftrfs lwly# wboab rfmuafmarkp ckssfs up tk 1>&. Gosbfref`# k` tbf ktbfr bl`m# typoalccy pclaf twk ifrksf`f clepsacksf tk tbf wltfr tk lttrlat sb wbf` tbfy jk kut tk sfl lt òjbt# hut tbf òjbtcy rfccs k ifrksf`f ufc al` akst up tk =>& k tbfor rfvfùf. –Zf ku`m tblt plrtoauclr skclr cojbtswkri wfcc kr lttrlato`j tbf sb# prkvomfm tbfy blvf l afrtlo` cfvfc k hrojbt`fss l`m l afrtloàkckur spfatrue#― slom Doe Lylcl. –Qk wf oàkrpkrltfm tbos o`tk tbf mfsoj`# lck`j wotb tkujbwfltbfrozltok`. L`m kr tbf sbfref`# tbfsf cleps k`cy rfquorf l twk%ek`tb plyhlai.―

BQQo bls lcsk arfltfm l skclr f`frjy ftwkri# tbf Qtotu`j Qkclrf`fjof "Qkclr F`frjyGku`mltok` @ftwkri kr Xurlc Mfvfckpef t/ wotb efehfr krjlòzltok`s o` If`yl# Ftbokpoll`m tbf bocoppo`fs. Ls l hcka# tbfy al` fjktoltf wotb suppcofrs tk jft fxacusovf mostrohutok`rojbts kr afrtlo` prkmuats o` tbfor rfspfatovf aku`trofs. ]bf `ftwkri‟s fjktolto`j l`m

skurao`j plrt`fr os Qu`]rl`sfr# wboab wkris wotb suppcofrs tk tlockr prkmuats kr rurlcvoccljfs wbocf fjktolto`j tbf ckwfst proafs. ]bos lcckws BQQo tk elo`tlo` ots akrf kausk` u`mfrstl`mo`j tbf `ffms l`m kpfrlto`j f`vorkèf`ts k austkefrs. –Ot‟s vfry toefak`sueo`j l`m fxpf`sovf tk jurf kut wboab suppcofrs elif tbf prkmuats wf lrf ckkio`jkr lt tbf qulcoty l`m proaf pko`t wf wl`t#― slom Lylcl. –Zf jovf Qu`]rl`sfr tbf tfabòalcspfaoaltok`s l`m tbfy wkri wotb suppcofrs# fspfaolccy k` prkmuat ekmoaltok`s.―

Clstcy# BQQo pclafs sojòal`t fepblsos k` fmualto`j austkefrs k` bkw tk oàrflsf tbfprkmuat cofspl` l`m jft tbf ekst kut k tbfsf tfab`kckjofs. –Fmualtok` os l ify akepk`f`tk kur sfrvoaf hfalusf l ckt k usfrs mk`‟t usf tbf prkmuats akrrfatcy#― slys Doe Lylcl.–Zf sft up tbf skclr usfr krues tk hf coif l jlef. fkpcf akef up wotb trkuhcfsbkkto`jtfabòqufs hlsfm k` tbfor kw` oòtolc fxpfrofàfs l`m tbf jrkup wotb tbf hfst omfl wo`s lprozf. Zf elif ot u` l`m prlatoalc lt tbf slef toef.―

BQQo‟s covfcobkkm lppcoaltok`s blvf hff` ku`m tk oàrflsf tbf bkusfbkcm alsb gkw k otsaustkefrs hy 86&# wbocf mrleltoalccy oeprkvo j bflctb l`m slfty ak`motok`s hy fcoeo`lto`jifrksf`f uefs# rfs l`m laaomf`tlc o`jfstok`.

Zby ]bos Elttfrs

Ekrf tbl` <.6 hoccok` pfkpcf wkrcmwomf lrf covo`j o` rfjok`s k tbf jrom. Zbocf rf`fwlhcff`frjy tbrkujb skclr cojbto`j tfab`kckjy os `kt l `fw o``kvltok`# tbf troai os tk mostrohutf otffatovfcy. –Clst eocf laafss― f`tlocs lr ekrf tbl` soepcy jftto`j l prkmuat rke skuraf tkmfsto`ltok`.

–Ot‟s kt rflccy lhkut tbf tfab`kckjy pfr sf# hfalusf tbfrf lrf l ckt k skclr tfab`kckjofskut tbfrf#― slom ku`mfr Lylcl. –Zf jk l`m sff wblt pfkpcf lrf aurrf`tcy uso`j# wblt tbforprkhcfes lrf# l`m tbf` wf jurf kut bkw kur prkmuat co`f al` bfcp tbfe. Ot‟s rflccy lhkutbkw yku u`mfrstl`m tbf ablccf`jfs lao`j tbf f`m usfrs l`m bfcp tbfe omf`toy tbfor `ffms.―

^rlatoalc Lmvoaf

Hlclàf jfkjrlpboalc fxpl`sok` wotb sfrvoaf mfptb. Blvf ykur akrf ekmfc o` pclaf# l`ml`toaopltf skef vlroltok` lck`j tbf wly o` lmlpto`j tk mofrf`t akeeuòty ffms. –Lt tbfhfjo`ò`j# wf wf`t tk el`y pclafs vfry quoaicy# hut wf wfrf kt lhcf tk prkpfrcy suppkrttbf akeeuòtofs#― slom Lylcl. ]bfy mfaomfm tk sckw mkw`# jk mffpfr l`m hfttfr mfvfckp tbfekmfc# fspfaolccy hy o`vfsto`j ekrf toef tk trlo` ckalc plrt`frs tk suppkrt prkmuat sfrvoao`j.

Mfvfckp l` u`mfrstl`mo`j k tbf eoark%cfvfc ablccf`jfs. –Ot‟s `kt sk euab tbf elarkossufs# hut ot‟s ckts k cottcf tbo`js ‑ tbf selcc hlrrofrs l`m mosak`toùotofs ‑ tblt elif ot vfryablccf`jo`j kr tbf pkkr tk blvf laafss tk tbf fquopef`t tbfy ffm.― Elrift laafss# oepkrtossufs l`m pkkr mfsoj` kr uslhocoty al` lcc lmm up kr austkefrs o` rfektf lrfls.

Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t



:= Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`



:6Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

Lai`kwcfmjfef`ts

^rkdfat Cflmfrs

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Dkk` Abko# Woaf%^rfsomf`t# Qkaolc F`tfrprosf ]fle# QI Jrkup#Qkutb Ikrfl

Lmmotok`lc Ak`trohutkrs

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Elrjkt Hrl`mf`hurj# Lsskaoltf Morfatkr# Xkaiffccfr Gku`mltok`#VQL

Qlrlb Xottfr# ^rkdfat Akkrmo`ltkr# ^laoa Akeeuòty Wf`turfs#VQL

Iltof Jrlaf# ^rkjrle El`ljfr# Oòtoltovf kr Xfspk`sohcfO`vfstef`t# VQL

_u Dk`j Zl j# Bflm# Qkaolc F`tfrprosf ]fle# l`m Qfòkr Woaf%^rfsomf`t# QI Jrkup# Qkutb Ikrfl

Fu`yku`j Ikb# El`ljfr# Qkaolc F`tfrprosf ]fle# QI Jrkup#

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Eoabfccf Hkym# @fw Qfatkr Lccolàf Xfsomf`t o` Qkaolc F`tfrprosf#^laoa Akeeuòty Wf`turfs# VQL

Wovfi Jlrj# Oeplat Clhs# Qtl`krm Vòvfrsoty Jrlmultf Qabkkc k Huso`fss Qckl` Gfcckw 8><1# VQL

L`òf Kcszfwsio# Qtl Lsskaoltf# Oòtoltovf kr Xfspk`sohcfO`vfstef`t# Blrvlrm Vòvfrsoty# VQL

Mkujcls lwsk`# bM al`momltf# Qabkkc k ûhcoa kcoay l`m Lmeoòstrltok` lt Alrcftk` Vòvfrsoty# Al`lml

Lul Qlrikmof# ^rkdfat El`ljfr# Mlchfrj Jckhlc Mfvfckpef t Lmvoskrs# Qf`fjlc

Aclrf Xoablrmsk`# O`tfr`# Qabwlh Gku`mltok` kr QkaolcF`trfprf`fursbop# Qwotzfrcl`m

]bf lutbkrs wkucm fxprfsscy coif tk lai`kwcfmjf tbfor

jrltotumf kr tbf tbkujbt cflmfrsbop l`m juomlàf prkvomfm

hy tbf Efehfrs k tbf Jckhlc Ljf`ml Akuàoc k` Qkaolc

O``kvltok` o` tbf mfvfckpef`t k tbos rfpkrt4

Lumrfy Abko# El`ljo`j Morfatkr# Bflm k Jckhlc Qustlo`lhcfGo`làf# Ekrjl` Qtl`cfy# VQL

Mo`j Co# Woaf%^rfsomf`t# @k`%^rkt Oàuhltkr# ^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l

Otfiblr F`lyftucclb# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m Morfatkr# Zlstf Akàfr`#Hl`jclmfsb

El`du Jfkrjf# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m Woaf%^rfsomf`t# O`tfccfalp# O`mol

Lsbfr Blsl`# Gku mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# @lyl Dffvl #^liostl`

Ducof ]. Iltzel`# Fxfautovf Woaf%^rfsomf`t# O`tfr%Lefroal`

Mfvfckpef`t Hlì# Zlsbo`jtk` MAJocfs H. Iflto`j# Bflm k Xfsflrab# rovltf Hlìo`j l`m LssftEl`ljfef`t# Arfmot Quossf# Qwotzfrcl`m

Tol Ibl`# Woaf%^rfsomf`t# Qtrltfjy l`m Fvlcultok`# XkaiffccfrGku`mltok`# VQL

Fcozlhftb Cottcffcm# rfsomf`t# Kvfrsfls rovltf O`vfstef`tAkrpkrltok` "KÔA/# VQL

Hruaf Ela Elstfr# Morfatkr# Mfplrtef`t kr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty#Akckehol

Dkbl``l Elor# ^rkfsskr# Qtl`krm Vòvfrsoty# VQL

Dlaqufco`f @kvkjrltz# Gku`mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr#

Lauef` Gu`m# VQL

@oabkcls K‟Mk`kbkf# Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc#Vòtfm Io`jmke

Lcvlrk Xkmrojufz Lrrfjuo# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m El`ljo`j ^lrt`fr#OJ@OL lrt`frs# Efxoak

Xfftl Xky# ^rfsomf`t l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# ElstfralrmGku`mltok`# Al`lml

Alrkco`l ]rovfcco Lvocl# Eoòstfr k Mfvfckpef`t l`m Qkaolc Oàcusok`k ^fru

Lmrol` Zlcifr# Jckhlc Bflm# O`rlstruaturf# ûhcoa l`m ^rkdfatGo`làf# Bkjl` Ckvfccs O`tfr`ltok`lc# Vòtfm Io`jmke

]bf lutbkrs wosb tk tblì tbf o`tfrvofw suhdfats wbk

jf`frkuscy ak`trohutfm tbfor toef l`m o`sojbts o` tbf

mfvfckpef`t k tbos rfpkrt4

Xksfelry Lmmos# Qkaolc O``kvltok` Qtrltfjost# Mfplrtef`t k Fmualtok`# Fepckyef`t l`m Zkripclaf Xfcltok`s# Lustrlcol

Dloef O. Lylcl# Gku`mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Byhrom QkaolcQkcutok`s "BQQo/# ^bocoppo`fs

Qkuify`l Hl# rfsomf`t# Oeplat O`vfsto`j Zkrio`j Jrkup#Qf`fjlc

Iofrk` Hkycf# Bflm# Qkaolc O`vfstef`t l`m Go`làf# Alho`ftKaf# Vòtfm Io`jmke



:7 Hrflio`j tbf Ho`lry4 kcoay Juomf tk Qalco`j Qkaolc O``kvltok`

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Mlòfc Muiu# Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Wf`turf Alpotlc ]rust Gu`m#Jbl`l

Otfiblr F`lyftucclb# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m Morfatkr# Zlstf Akàfr`#Hl`jclmfsb

Dk`ltbl` Jrff`hcltt# Qpfaolc Lssostl`t tk tbf rfsomf`t l`mMorfatkr# Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa ^lrtoaopltok` "QOA^/#

VQL

Blrosb Bl`mf# El`ljo`j Morfatkr# QFCAK Qkclr Cojbt# O`mol

]oe Bl`stlm# ^rfsomf`t l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Cl`mfsl# VQL

Lsbfr Blsl`# Gku mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# @lyl Dffvl`#^liostl`

Dk`ltbl` Bursb# Fxfautovf Morfatkr l`m Gku`mfr# O@ACVMFM#^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l

Eoabfcf Dkco`# Qfòkr Gfcckw# Af`tfr kr Lefroal` ^rkjrfss l`mEl`ljo`j ^lrt`fr# Lefroal Labofvfs# VQL

Xkhfrtk Ioilwl# ^rfsomf`t l`m Gku`mfr# ^rkdftk Aofs# Hrlzoc

Hrod Iktblro# Morfatkr# ^cl`ftXflm# O`mol

Fcozlhftb Cottcffcm# rfsomf`t# Kvfrsfls rovltf O`vfstef`tAkrpkrltok` "KÔA/# VQL

Hruaf Ela Elstfr# Morfatkr# Mfplrtef`t kr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty#Akckehol

Dleof EaLucof# ^rfsomf`t l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Fmualtok`Gkr Fepckyef`t "FGF/# VQL

Qâhlstof` Elrkt# Fxfautovf Morfatkr# Grof`ms%O`tfr`ltok`lc#Alehkmol

@oabkcls K‟Mk`kbkf# Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc#Vòtfm Io`jmke

Xfhfaal M. Kòf# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# BflctbCflms# VQL

Qle J. otrkml# Lmvosfr tk tbf roef Eoòstfr k` uhcoa O`kreltokÒ`rlstruaturf l`m O``kvltok`s k O`mol

]buclsorld Xlvoccl# Fxfautovf Morfatkr# Lrlvo`m Fyf Bkspotlc# O`mol

Co`ml Xkttf`hfrj# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr#F`mflvkr# VQL

Elri Xuoz# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m ^rfsomf`t# EoarkWf`turfs# ^bocoppo`fs

D. H. Qabrlee# Gku`mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# AkccfjfQueeot# VQL

Qu` ]ol`qo# Woaf%Morfatkr# Go`làolc Ak`suefr ^rktfatok` Hurflu#^fkpcf‟s Hlì k Abo`l

Mfhhof ]lyckr# Ak%Gku`mfr# ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s# Eylèlr

Doe ]lyckr# Ak%Gku`mfr# ^rkxoeoty Mfsoj`s# Eylèlr

Alrkco`l ]rovfcco Lvocl# Eoòstfr k Mfvfckpef`t l`m Qkaolc Oàcusok`k ^fru

Gfcopf Wfrjlrl# Ak%Gku`mfr l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Cueò#^fru

Iycf Toeefr# ^rfsomf`t l`m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Gorst Hkki#VQL

Lrofc Tychfrsztfd`# Gku`mfr l m Abof Fxfautovf Kafr# Ao`fpkp#

Efxoak

]bf lutbkrs wosb tk tblì tbf kcckwo`j krjlòzltok`s kr

plrtoaoplto`j o` tbos rfsflrab rfpkrt ls alsf stumofs l`m kr

lssosto`j wotb hlaijrku`m rfsflrab4

Hoj Qkaofty Alpotlc# Vòtfm Io`jmke

Hromjf Alpotlc# Jbl`l

Alho`ft Kaf# Vòtfm Io`jmke

Al`lmol` Akeeuòty Fak`keoa Mfvfckpef`t @ftwkri# Al`lml

Alpf Hrftk` Vòvfrsoty# Al`lml

Mfplrtef`t kr Qkaolc ^rkspfroty# Akckehol

]kekrrkw‟s Ljf`ml Xfsflrab O`stotutf

Af`trf kr Qkaolc Oeplat# Lustrlcol

Abo`l Lsskaoltok` k Eoark`làf# ^fkpcf‟s Xfpuhcoa k Abo`l

Akeplrtleks ak` Akckehol# Akckehol

Mlchfrj Jckhlc Mfvfckpef`t Lmvoskrs# Qf`fjlc

Mfplrtef`t k Fmualtok`# Fepckyef t# l`m Zkripclaf Xfcltok`s# Lustrlcol

Fstrltfjols Akrpkrltovls# AkckeholBlcolx Qflpkrt Glrefrs Elrift# Al`lml

O`vfstef`t rkektok` l`m Eldkr rkdfats Ljfày "LÔR/# Qf`fjlc

Dlal`l lrt`frs# Jbl`l

]bf Irfsjf Gku`mltok`# Vòtfm Qtltfs

Eoòstry k Mfvfckpef`t l`m Qkaolc Oàcusok` "EOMOQ/# fru

@ltok`lc O``kvltok` Akuàoc# O`mol

@fstl# Vòtfm Io`jmke

@fw Mlw` F`tfrprosfs Ctm.# Al`lml

@kvl Qaktol Mfplrtef`t k Fak`keoa l`m Xurlc Mfvfckpef`t l`m ]kurose# Al`lml

Kaf k Qkaolc O``kvltok` l`m Aovoa lrtoaopltok`# Vòtfm Qtltfs

^l`lbpur# Vòtfm Io`jmke

^lttfrsk` Hfci`lp Zfhh ' ]ycfr CC^# Vòtfm Qtltfs

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Breaking the Binary