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Breakfast Meal PatternGrades K-12
As a menu planner:• Make sure every possible reimbursable meal
has 4 items from 3 components. • Make sure every possible planned
reimbursable meal includes at least 1 oz. eq. of “real” grain.
• Make sure students and food service workers are aware of what items make a meal.
Food Component• Grain (optional meat/meat alternate) • Fruit (and/or vegetable)• Milk
Food Item• The minimum required portion size = one
food item 1 cup of fruit = 1 food item 1 oz. eq. grain = 1 food item
Food Component• Grain (plus optional meat/meat alternate) • Fruit (and/or vegetable)• Milk
Examples:• Muffin, grapes and milk• Whole wheat bagel, fresh orange and milk• Pancakes, sausage link, hash brown and
milk• Cereal, cheese stick, apple juice and milk
Counting food items:• 1 oz. eq. of grain = one item • 2 oz. eq. grain = two items
Example: 2 oz. eq. muffin = two items Example:
• 2 oz. eq. muffin, grapes, and milk = 4 food items
Foods with grains and meat• Example: An egg sandwich = 1 oz. eq. grain
and 1 oz. eq. meat/meat alternate: Two items under the grains component, OR One item and the meat is an “extra”
None Grain Extra• Do not need to plan a meat/meat alternate with every meal.• If no meat/meat alternate planned, make sure to plan 4 items with each meal.•Meal Plan Examples: One 2 oz. eq. grain, 1 cup fruit, 1 milkTwo 1 oz. eq. grains, 1 cup fruit, 1 milk1 oz. eq. grain, 2 cups of fruit, 1 milk
• Can plan meat every day as long as always offer 1 oz. eq. of “real” grain item. • 1 oz. eq. of meat/meat alternate is considered one of the four items. • Students can decline the “real” grain and just take the meat item. • Meal Plan Example: 1 oz. eq. grain, 1 oz. eq. meat (counting as grain), 1 cup fruit, 1 milk
• Option if you are already offering 4 items. • If you plan meat/meat alternate as extra, will not count as an item toward the reimbursable meal.• Consider these as a “freebies.” • Extras still count toward calories and saturated fat. •Meal Plan Example: One 2 oz. eq. grain, 1 oz. eq. meat counting as extra, 1 cup fruit, 1 milk
Daily Menu• 1 oz. eq. “Real” Grain• 3 Food Components• 4 Food Items
Clarification• Not about choices or the way students are
served their food• This is giving them the ability to decline food
item(s)• Not mandatory for any grade grouping
Goals• To reduce food waste• To give students choices
Requirements• Must offer all of the options
Difference between choices and offer versus serve• Each student must take 4 food items, but they
have choices of which 4 food items to take.
Component Menu Item
Fruit Peaches or Apples
Grain Muffin (2 items) or Cereal (2 items)
Milk 1% White Milk or Fat Free Chocolate
Reminder! • Students must take at least ½ cup of fruit or
vegetable, or a combination of both. Changes
• Students must have at least 3 food items on their tray for a reimbursable meal.
• If the student takes 2 items and only takes ½ cup of fruit or vegetable, the ½ cup will count as 1 item.
• If the student takes 2 items and also takes 1 cup of fruit or vegetable, then the 1 cup will still count as only 1 item.
Muffin = 2 oz. eq. = 2 items Grapes = 1 cup = 1 item Milk = 1 cup = 1 item
Is this reimbursable?
2 oz. muffin= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN8 oz. MILK
1 cup FRUIT1 cup cereal= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
2 oz. muffin= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN8 oz. MILK
1/2 cup FRUIT1 cup CEREAL = 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Is This a Meal?
•Declines two food items:Cereal and Milk
•Takes two food items:•Muffin and Fruit
Must have three food items on tray!
2 oz. muffin= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN8 oz. MILK
1 cup FRUIT1 cup cereal= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Is This a Meal?
•Declines one food item:• Milk
•Takes three food items:•Cereal, Fruit, and Muffin
1 cup VEGETABLE 8 oz. MILK
1 cup FRUIT1 cup cereal=1 oz. eq. GRAIN
½ cup VEGETABLE 8 oz. MILK
1/2 cup FRUIT1 cup CEREAL =1 oz. eq.
GRAIN
Is This a Meal?
•Declines one food item: Cereal and smaller portions of the fruit and vegetable items offered
•Takes two food items:½ c. Grapes, ½ c. Hash browns, and
Milk
Remember students are allowed to take ½ cup of fruit or vegetable and count as 1 item, but if they take 1 cup of fruit or vegetable that will
still count as only 1 item.
8 oz. MILK
8 oz. 100% Juice= 1 cup FRUITBiscuit = 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Egg/Cheese =1 oz. eq. meat/meat alternate= 1 oz. eq.
GRAIN
8 oz. MILK
8 oz. 100% Juice= 1 cup FRUIT1 oz. eq. MEAT/MEAT
ALTERNATE 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Is This a Meal?
•Declines two food items: Egg/Cheese Sandwich•Takes two food items:•Fruit Juice and Milk
Remember offering only 4 items with two items in a combination
dish, students cannot decline this dish.
8 oz. MILK
8 oz. 100% Juice= 1 cup FRUIT
Is This a Meal?Biscuit = 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Egg/Cheese =1 oz. eq. meat/meat alternate= 1 oz. eq.
GRAIN
•Declines one food item: Fruit Juice
Takes three food items:Egg and Cheese Sandwich and Milk
Remember students must take at least ½ cup fruit or vegetable to
make a reimbursable meal.
8 oz. MILK
8 oz. 100% Juice= 1 cup FRUITBiscuit = 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Counting Meat/Meat Alternate as an EXTRA
4 oz. yogurt= 1 oz. eq. meat/meat alternate= 1 oz. eq.
GRAIN
8 oz. MILK
4 oz. 100% Juice= ½ cup FRUIT
Is This a Meal?
4 oz. YOGURT = 1 oz. eq. MEAT ALTERNATE= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Counting Meat/Meat Alternate as an Extra
Count only 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
•Declines one food item:Egg and Cheese Sandwich•Take three food items:
Fruit Juice, Yogurt, and Milk
Remember, if only counting the 1 item on the combination dish,
student can decline it.
8 oz. MILK
4 oz. 100% Juice= ½ cup FRUIT
Is This a Meal?4 oz. YOGURT = 1 oz. eq. MEAT
ALTERNATE= 1 oz. eq. GRAIN
Biscuit = 1 oz. eq. GRAINCounting Meat/Meat Alternate as
an EXTRA
•Declines two food items: Milk and Yogurt
•Takes two food items:Egg and Cheese Sandwich and Fruit
Remember, you can’t pick and choose whether to count the combination
dish as one or two items. The menu planner needs to determine what
they are counting and stick with it.
8 oz. MILK
1 cup FRUIT 4 oz. Muffin = 2 oz. eq. GRAINS
8 oz. MILK
4 oz. Muffin = 2 oz. eq. GRAINS
Is This a Meal?
1 cup FRUIT
•Declines one food item:Milk
•Takes three food items:Muffin and Fruit
8 oz. MILK
1 cup FRUIT 4 oz. Muffin = 2 oz. eq. GRAINS
1 oz. String Cheese = 1 oz. eq. Meat Alternative =
EXTRA
8 oz. MILK
1/2 cup FRUIT 4 oz. Muffin = 2 oz. eq. GRAINS
1 oz. String Cheese = 1 oz. eq. Meat Alternative =
EXTRA
Is This a Meal?
•Declined two items:Muffin
•Takes two items:Apple and Milk
Remember an extra doesn’t count as an item toward the reimbursable meal.
8 oz. MILK
1/2 cup FRUIT 56 grams Toast= 2 oz. eq.
GRAINS
4 oz. 100% Juice= ½ cup FRUIT
8 oz. MILK
1/2 cup FRUIT 56 grams Toast= 2 oz. eq.
GRAINS
Is This a Meal?
4 oz. 100% Juice= ½ cup FRUIT
•Declines 2 food items:Toast
•Takes two food items:Apple, Fruit Juice, and Milk
Remember 1 cup of fruit only counts as 1 item!
8 oz. MILK
1/2 cup FRUIT 28 grams Toast= 1 oz. eq.
GRAINS
Is This a Meal?
4 oz. 100% Juice= ½ cup FRUIT
•Declines ½ cup of Fruit•Takes three food items:
1 piece of Toast, Milk, and ½ cup Fruit
Remember, students may take only ½ cup fruit and
count that as 1 item as part of the Offer vs. Serve rule.
Reimbursable meals are all based on what you planned and what is taken. • Must plan at least 4 items from 3 components• Determine if the items you provide will count
as creditable items or if they are “extras”• If they are “extras” these won’t count toward
your 4 items or 3 components• Students must take at least ½ cup of fruit or
vegetables, or a combination of both. • Share these plans with cashiers!