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BRAZIL

The Paulo Comelli CollectionThe Walter Taveira Collection

16 March 2012 Lugano, Switzerland

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16 March 2012 Lugano - Switzerland

Spink Switzerland SAVia Motta 44 - 6900 Lugano (Switzerland)

Tel +41 91 911 62 00 - Fax +41 91 922 20 52investphila@spink.com – www.spink.com

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Auction program - Calendario d’asta

The auctions and the viewing will be held at the Hotel Lugano Dante, Piazza Cioccaro, Lugano.L’asta e la visione dei lotti avranno luogo presso l’Hotel Lugano Dante, Piazza Cioccaro, Lugano.

- Friday/Venerdì 16 March 2012 17:30 h

Viewing/Visione lotti

- Thursday/Giovedì 15 March 2012 09:00 – 19:00 h- Friday/Venerdì 16 March 2012 09:00 – 17:30 h

Viewing of lots in our offices is possible by appointment only, from Wednesday 7th to Wednesday 14th of March.La visione dei lotti presso i nostri uffici è possibile unicamente previo appuntamento da mercoledì 7 a mercoledì 14 marzo.

BRAZIL

Public AuctionAsta Pubblica

The Paulo Comelli CollectionThe Walter Taveira Collection

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Group Chairman and CEO

Olivier D. Stocker

Your Specialists

StampsUK – Tim Hirsch Guy Croton David Parsons Nick Startup Neill Granger Paul Mathews Dominic Savastano

USA – Chris Anderson George Eveleth Andrew Titley Ed Robinson Rick PenkoEurope – Guido Craveri Fernando Martínez

China – Anna LeeCoins

UK - Paul Dawson Julie-Morgane Lecoindre Richard Bishop William MacKay Arthur Bryant John Pett George ChampUSA – Stephen Goldsmith Matthew Orsini Normand Pepin

Banknotes, Bonds & SharesUK – Barnaby Faull Mike Veissid Andrew Pattison

USA – Stephen Goldsmith Matthew OrsiniOrders, Decorations, Medals & Militaria

UK – Mark Quayle Oliver PepysBooks

UK – Philip Skingley Alex SmithAutographs

USA – Robert LitzenbergerWines

China – Anna Lee

Your Europe Team (London – Lugano)

Chairman’s OfficeDennis Muriu Monica Kruber

DirectorsTim Hirsch Anthony Spink

Auction & Client Management TeamEmily Johnston Miroslava Adusei-Poku Luca Borgo Phillipa Brown Tom Smith

FinanceAlison Bennet Marco Fiori Mina Bhagat Alison Kinnaird Shyam Padhiar Billy Tumelty

IT & AdministrationBerdia Qamarauli Abdi Mohamed María Martínez Liz Cones Curlene Spencer John Winchcombe

Your America Team (New York – Dallas)

Chairman EmeritusJohn Herzog

Head of PhilatelyGeorge Eveleth

Head of NumismaticStephen Goldsmith

Director of Finance & OperationSam Qureshi

Auction AdministrationRick Penko Patricia Gardner

Marketing & DesignJames McGuire Emily Cowin Clyde Townsend

Finance & AdministrationIngrid Qureshi Marcy Gottberg Ed Robinson

AuctioneersStephen Goldsmith Tracy Shreve Andrew Titley

Your Asia Team (Hong Kong – Singapore)

Anna Lee Gary Tan Amy Yung Raymond TatNeill Granger Barnaby Faull Mike Veissid

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GENERAL INFORMATION – INFORMAZIONI GENERALI

Your team in Switzerland

Stamps Specialists - FilateliciGuido CraveriFernando Martínez - fmartinez@spink.com

Administration - AmministrazioneMarco Fiori - mfiori@spink.comGiacomo Canzi - gcanzi@spink.comCristina Dugoni - cdugoni@spink.com

Graphic design and Advertising - Grafica e PubblicitàMaría Martínez - mmartinez@spink.comMaurizio Schenini - mschenini@spink.com

Symbols - Legenda

Never hinged/Nuovo senza linguella (gomma integra))Mint/Nuovo con linguellaUnused without gum/Nuovo senza gommaUsed/UsatoOn piece/FrammentoCover/LetteraCover front/Frontespizio

Notice: the price indicated beside each lot is the Starting price expressed in US $. Any offer below this price will not be considered. Avvertenze: il prezzo indicato a lato di ciascun lotto è il Prezzo Base espresso in US $. Non vengono accettate offerte al di sotto di questo prezzo.

Invoicing and shipping: please refer to the notes at the end of the catalogue.Fatturazione e spedizione: consultare le avvertenze pubblicate in fondo al catalogo.

Unsold lots: any unsold lots can be purchased at the starting price plus 20% (exclusive of buyers commission which will also be added).Lotti invenduti: gli eventuali lotti invenduti potranno essere acquistati al prezzo base maggiorato del 20% (oltre commissioni).

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COVERS: Should be expected to have minor nicks and tears usually from opening. Folded letters or covers normally have one or two file folds. These are not described unless of an exceptional nature and are not grounds for return.

LETTERE: alcune lettere possono presentare leggere intaccature e strappi dovuti all’apertura delle medesime da parte del destinatario dell’epoca. Lettere piegate o buste presentano normalmente una o più pieghe d’archivio che normalmente non sono descritte se non di carattere eccezionale. La presenza di questi difetti non dà diritto al ritorno dei lotti.

Notes Concerning Descriptions - Nota concernente le descrizioni

Buyers are reminded that payment must be made within seven days from the date of sale (condition 5.3.1), and interest penalty will be added for overdue accounts (condition 5.8.1.1). Please note charges for credit card payments (condition 5.3.3(iii)).Si ricorda che il pagamento della fattura va effettuato entro sette giorni dalla data dell’asta ( art. 5.3.1) e che interessi e penalità saranno addebitati in caso di ritardo (art. 5.8.1.1). E’ previsto l’addebito di una commissione in caso di pagamenti con carta di credito (art. 5.3.3 (iii)).

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These conditions set out the terms on which we (Spink Switzerland SA, Via Motta 44, 6900 Lugano Switzerland) contract with you (Buyer) either as agent on behalf of the Seller or as principal if we are the Seller. You should read these conditions carefully.

1 DEFINITIONS The following definitions in this condition apply in these conditions.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR BUYERS

means the charge payable by you as a percentage of the Hammer Price, at the rates set out in clause 5.1 below;

means a certificate issued by an Expert Committee confirming the authenticity of a Lot;

means a committee of experts to whom a Lot may be sent for an extension in accordance with clause 3.4.3;

means a Lot constituting an imitation originally conceived and executed as a whole with a fraudulent intention to deceive as to authorship, origin, age, period, culture or source where the correct description as to such matters is not reflected by the description in the catalogue and which at the date of the auction had a value materially less than it would have had if it had been in accordance with the description in the catalogue. Accordingly, no Lot shall be capable of being a Forgery by reason of any damage and/or restoration work of any kind;

means the amount of the highest bid accepted by the auctioneer in relation to a Lot;

means any item deposited with us for sale at auction and, in particular, the item or items described against any Lot number in any catalogue;

means the owner of the Lot being sold by us;

Spink and Son Limited, our subsidiaries and associated companies;

means the value added tax.

Buyer’s Premium:

Certificate of Authenticity:

Expert Committee:

Forgery:

Hammer Price:

Lot:

Seller:

Spink Group:

VAT:

2 SPINK’S ROLE AS AGENT

2.1 All sales undertaken by us either at auction or privately are undertaken either as agent on behalf of the Seller or from time to time, as principal if we are the owner of the Lot. Please note that even if we are acting as agent on behalf of the Seller rather than as principal, we may have a financial interest in the Lot.

2.2 The contract for the sale of the Lot will be between you and the Sel-ler.

3 BEFORE THE SALE

3.1 Examination of goods You are strongly advised to examine personally any goods in which you are interested, before the auction takes place. Condition reports are usually available on request. We provide no guarantee to you other than in relation to Forgeries, as set out in clause 5.10 of these Terms and Conditions.

3.2 Catalogue descriptions

3.2.1 Statements by us in the catalogue or condition report, or made orally or in writing elsewhere, regarding the authorship, origin, date, age, size, medium, attribution, genuineness, provenance, condition or estima-ted selling price of any Lot are merely statements of opinion, and are not to be relied on as statements of definitive fact. Catalogue illustrations are for guidance only, and should not be relied on either to determine the tone or colour of any item or to reveal imperfections. Estimates of the selling price should not be relied on as a statement that this price is either the price at which the Lot will sell or its value for any other purpose.

3.2.2 Many items are of an age or nature which precludes their being in perfect condition and some descriptions in the catalogue or given by way of condition report make reference to damage and/or restoration. We pro-vide this information for guidance only and the absence of such a reference does not imply that an item is free from defects or restoration nor does a reference to particular defects imply the absence of any others.

3.2.3 Other than as set out in clause 5.10, and in the absence of fraud, neither the Seller nor we, nor any of our employees or agents, are respon-sible for the correctness of any statement as to the authorship, origin, date,

age, attribution, genuineness or provenance of any Lot nor for any other errors of description or for any faults or defects in any Lot.

3.3 Your Responsibility

You are responsible for satisfying yourself as to the condition of the goods and the matters referred to in the catalogue description.

3.4 Extensions

3.4.1 If you wish to obtain an expert opinion or Certificate of Authen-ticity on any Lot (other than a mixed Lot or Lot containing undescribed stamps) you must notify us in writing not less than forty-eight hours be-fore the time fixed for the commencement of the first session of the sale. If accepted by us, such request shall have the same effect as notice of an intention to question the genuineness or description of the Lot for the purposes of clause 5.10 (Refund in the case of Forgery) of these Terms and Conditions and the provisions of clause 5.10 (Refund in the case of Forgery) shall apply accordingly.

3.4.2 Notice of a request for an expert opinion or Certificate of Au-thenticity must give the reason why such opinion is required and specify the identity of your proposed expert which will be subject to agreement by us. We reserve the right, at our discretion, to refuse a request for an expert opinion or Certificate of Authenticity including (without limitation) where the proposed expert is not known to us.

3.4.3 If we accept a request for an expert opinion or Certificate of Au-thenticity we will submit the Lot to the Expert Committee. You acknow-ledge and accept that the length of time taken by an Expert Committee to reach an opinion will vary depending on the circumstances and in any event is beyond our control.

3.4.4 We will not normally accept a request for an extension on ac-count of condition. Any Lot described in the catalogue as having faults or defects may not be returned even if an expert opinion or Certificate of Authenticity cites other faults or defects not included in the catalogue description, other than in the case of a Forgery.

3.4.5 Should Spink accept a request for an extension under the fore-going provisions of this paragraph, the fact may be stated by the Auctioneer from the rostrum prior to the sale of the Lot.

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3.4.6 It should be noted that any stamp accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity is sold on the basis of that Certificate only and not on the basis of any other description or warranty as to authenticity. No request for an extension will be accepted on such a stamp and the return of such a stamp will not be accepted.

3.4.7 If the expert opinion or Certificate of Authenticity demonstrate the validity of the complaint, all the expenses for the appraisals will be paid by us. If the complaint is invalid, you shall pay for all the appraiser expen-ses.

4 AT THE SALE

4.1 Refusal of admission

Our sales usually take place on our own premises or premises over which we have control for the sale, and we have the right, exercisable at our complete discretion, to refuse admission to the premises or attendance at an auction. 4.2 Registration before bidding

You must complete and sign a registration form and provide identification before making a bid at auction. Please be aware that we usually require buyers to undergo a credit check.Some lots may be designated, prior to the auction, as “Premium Lots”, which means a deposit may be required before placing a bid on the item for sale. Information will be posted on our website in such an event.

4.3 Bidding as Principal

When making a bid (whether such bids are made in person or by way of telephone bids operated by Spink, commission or online or email bids), you will be deemed to be acting as principal and will be accepting personal liability, unless it has been agreed in writing, at the time of registration, that you are acting as agent on behalf of a third party buyer acceptable to us.

4.4 Commission Bids

If you give us instructions to bid on your behalf, by using the form pro-vided in our catalogues or via our website, we shall use reasonable endea-vours to do so, provided these instructions are received not later than 24 hours before the auction. If we receive commission bids on a particular Lot for identical amounts, and at auction these bids are the highest bids for the Lot, it will be sold to the person whose bid was received first. Commission bids are undertaken subject to other commitments at the time of the sale, and the conduct of the auction may be such that we are unable to bid as requested. Since this is undertaken as a free service to prospective buyers on the terms stated, we cannot accept liability for failure to make a com-mission bid. You should therefore always attend personally if you wish to be certain of bidding.

4.5 On-line Bidding

We offer internet services as a convenience to our clients. We will not be responsible for errors or failures to execute bids placed on the internet, including, without limitation, errors or failures caused by (i) a loss of in-ternet connection by either party for whatever reason; (ii) a breakdown or problems with the online bidding software and/or (iii) a breakdown or problems with your internet connection, computer or system. Execution of on-line internet bids is a free service undertaken subject to other commit-ments at the time of the auction and we do not accept liability for failing to execute an online internet bid or for errors or omissions in connection with this activity.

4.6 Telephone Bids

If you make arrangements with us not less than 24 hours before the sale, we shall use reasonable endeavours to contact you to enable you to partici-pate in bidding by telephone, but in no circumstances will we be liable to either the Seller or you as a result of failure to do so.

4.7 Currency Converter

At some auctions, a currency converter will be operated, based on the one month forward rates of exchange quoted to us by BSI SA or any other ap-propriate rate determined by us, at opening on the date of the auction. Bid-ding will take place in a currency determined by us. The currency converter is not always reliable, and errors may occur beyond our control either in the accuracy of the Lot number displayed on the converter, or the foreign currency equivalent of bids made in the official currency of the auction. We shall not be liable to you for any loss suffered as a result of you following the currency converter.

4.8 Video images

At some auctions there will be a video screen. Mistakes may occur in its operation, and we cannot be liable to you regarding either the correspon-dence of the image to the Lot being sold or the quality of the image as a reproduction of the original.

4.9 Bidding Increments

Bidding opens at the starting price, in absence of higher commission bids, and advances in the following order although the auctioneer may vary the bidding increments during the course of the auction. The normal bidding increments are:50 to 100 by 10100 to 500 by 20500 to 1,000 by 501,000 to 2,000 by 1002,000 to 5,000 by 2005,000 to 10,000 by 50010,000 to 20,000 by 1,00020,000 to 50,000 by 2,00050,000 to 100,000 by 5,000100,000 to 200,000 by 10,000200,000 to 500,000 by 20,000

4.10 Bidding by Spink.

4.10.1 The Spink Group reserves the right to bid on and purchase Lots as principal.

4.11 The Auctioneer’s Discretion

The auctioneer has the right at his absolute discretion to refuse any bid, to advance the bidding in such manner as he may decide, to withdraw or divide any Lot, to combine any two or more Lots and, in the case of error or dispute, to put an item up for bidding again.

4.12 Successful Bid

Subject to the auctioneer’s discretion, the striking of his hammer marks the acceptance of the highest bid, and the conclusion of a contract for sale between you and the Seller.

4.13 After Sale Arrangements

If you enter into any private sale agreements for any Lot with the Seller within 60 days of the auction, we, as exclusive agents of the Seller reserve the right to charge you the applicable Buyer’s Premium in accordance with these Terms and Conditions, and the Seller a commission in accordance with the terms of the Seller’s agreement

4.14 Return of Lot

In the event that you have received a Lot and wish to return the Lot you must notify us in writing within 7 days of receipt of the Lot, stating the reason for the return. The Lot must then be returned to us within 14 days of receipt, in the same condition as at the auction date. Any such request is subject to our sole discretion.

5 AFTER THE AUCTION

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5.1 Buyer’s Premium

In addition to the Hammer Price, you must pay us the Buyer’s Premium at a rate of 20% of the final Hammer Price of each Lot.

5.2 Value Added Tax

In the event of sale with merchandise delivered in Switzerland that is not exported, VAT in the amount of 8% (eight percent) of the sale price will be charged, with this is construed as the price of sale plus the commission envisaged at point 5.1 and any insurance and transport costs to be charged if the purchased material is shipped. If the buyer wishes to pick up the mer-chandise and handle the customs formalities for export himself, the VAT will be charged and reimbursed to the buyer upon submission of the legal documentation certifying export.

5.3 Payment

5.3.1 You must provide us with your full name and permanent address and, if so requested, details of the bank from which any payments to us will be made. You must pay the full amount due (comprising the Hammer Price, the Buyer’s Premium, the insurance and shipping cost if due and any applicable VAT) within seven days after the date of the sale.

5.3.2 You will not acquire title to the Lot until all amounts due to us have been paid in full to us, even in circumstances where we have released the Lot to you.

5.3.3 Payment has to be made in the sale currency (unless specific agreements) by one of the following methods:

(i) Direct bank transfer to our account details of which are set out on the invoice. All bank charges shall be met by you. Please ensure that your client number is noted on the transfer.

(ii) By cheque or bank draft made payable to Spink Switzerland Sa and sent to Via Motta 44, 6900 Lugano Switzerland. Please note that the proces-sing charges for payments made by cheques or bank drafts drawn shall be met by you. Please ensure that the remittance slip printed at the bottom of the invoice is enclosed with your payment.

(iii) By Visa , Mastercard or American Express. A charge of 3,75% will be applied for Visa and Mastercard and of 3.95% for American Express.

5.4 Collection of Purchases 5.4.1 Unless we specifically agree to the contrary, we shall retain items sold until all amounts due to us, or to the Spink Group, have been paid in full.

5.4.2 Unless we notify you to the contrary, items retained by us will be covered, in accordance with our policy which is available for inspection at our offices, from the date of sale for a period of seven days or until the time of collection, whichever is sooner. After seven days or from the time of collection, whichever is the earlier, the Lot will be entirely at your risk.

5.4.3 Our policy will not cover and we are unable to accept responsi-bility for damage caused by woodworm, changes in atmospheric conditions or acts of terrorism.

5.5 Notification

We are not able to notify successful bidders by telephone. While invoices are sent out by mail after the auction we do not accept responsibility for notifying you of the result of your bid. You are requested to contact us by telephone or in person as soon as possible after the auction to obtain details of the outcome of your bids to avoid incurring charges for late payment.

5.6 Packing and handling

5.6.1 We shall use all reasonable endeavours to take care when han-dling and packing a purchased Lot but remind you that after seven days or from the time of collection, whichever is sooner, the Lot is entirely at your risk. In case of shipment, our postage and insurance charges are set out at the back of the catalogue.

5.6.2 It is the responsibility of the Buyer to be aware of any Import Duties that may be incurred upon importation to the final destination. Spink will not accept return of any package in order to avoid these duties. The onus is also on the Buyer to be aware of any Customs import restric-tions that prohibit the importation of certain collectibles. Spink will not accept return of the Lot(s) under these circumstances. Spink will not accept responsibility for Lot(s) seized or destroyed by Customs. 5.7 Recommended packers and shippers

If required our shipping department may arrange shipment as your agent. Although we may suggest carriers if specifically requested, our suggestions are made on the basis of our general experience of such parties in the past and we are not responsible to any person to whom we have made a recom-mendation for the acts or omissions of the third parties concerned.

5.8 Remedies for non-payment or failure to collect purchases

5.8.1 If you fail to make payment within seven days of your stipulated payment date set out in your invoice, we shall be entitled to exercise one or more of the following rights or remedies:

5.8.1.1 to charge interest at the rate of 1% per month compound inte-rest, calculated on a daily basis, from the date the full amount is due, in addition to a penalty in the amount of 5% of the sale price.

5.8.1.2 to set off against any amounts which the Spink Group may owe you in any other transaction the outstanding amount remaining unpaid by you;

5.8.1.3 we may keep hold of all or some of your Lots or other property in the possession of the Spink Group until you have paid all the amounts you owe us or the Spink Group, even if the unpaid amounts do not relate to those Lots or other property. Following fourteen days’ notice to you of the amount outstanding and remaining unpaid, the Spink Group shall have the right to arrange the sale of such Lots or other property. We shall apply the proceeds in discharge of the amount outstanding to us or the Spink Group, and pay any balance to you;

5.8.1.4 where several amounts are owed by you to the Spink Group in respect of different transactions, to apply any amount paid to discharge any amount owed in respect of any particular transaction, whether or not you so direct;

5.8.1.5 to reject at any future auction any bids made by you or on your behalf or obtain a deposit from you before accepting any bids.

5.8.2 If you fail to make payment within thirty-five days of your sti-pulated payment date set out in your invoice, we shall in addition be entit-led:

5.8.2.1 to cancel the sale of the Lot or any other item sold to you at the same or any other auction;

5.8.2.2 to arrange a resale of the Lot, publicly or privately, and, if this results in a lower price being obtained, claim the balance from you together with all reasonable costs including a 20% seller’s commission, expenses, da-mages, legal fees, commissions and premiums of whatever kind associated with both sales or otherwise, incurred in connection with your failure to make payment; or

5.8.2.3 take any other appropriate action as we deem fit.

5.9 Failure to collect

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Where purchases are not collected within seven days after the sale, whether or not payment has been made, you will be required to pay a storage charge of Chf 2.- per item per day plus any additional handling cost that may ap-ply. You will not be entitled to collect the Lot until all outstanding charges are met, together with payment of all other amounts due to us.

5.10 Refund in the case of Forgery5.10.1 A sale will be cancelled, and the amount paid refunded to you if a Lot (other than a miscellaneous item not described in the catalogue) sold by us proves to have been a Forgery. We shall not however be obliged to refund any amounts if either (a) the catalogue description or saleroom notice at the auction date corresponded to the generally accepted opinion of scholars or experts at that time, or fairly indicated that there was a con-flict of opinions, or (b) it can be demonstrated that the Lot is a Forgery only by means of either a scientific process not generally accepted for use until after publication of the catalogue or a process which at the date of the auction was unreasonably expensive or impracticable or likely to have caused damage to the Lot. Furthermore, you should note that this refund can be obtained only if the following conditions are met:

5.10.1.1 you must notify us in writing, within seven days of receipt of the Lot(s), that in your view the Lot concerned is a Forgery;

5.10.1.2 you must then return the item to us within fourteen days from receipt of the Lot(s), in the same condition as at the auction date; and

5.10.1.3 as soon as possible following return of the Lot, you must produ-ce evidence satisfactory to us that the Lot is a Forgery and that you are able to transfer good title to us, free from any third party claims.

5.10.2 In no circumstances shall we be required to pay you any more than the amount paid by you for the Lot concerned and you shall have no claim for interest.

5.10.3 The benefit of this guarantee is not capable of being transferred, and is solely for the benefit of the person to whom the original invoice was made out by us in respect of the Lot when sold and who, since the sale, has remained the owner of the Lot without disposing of any interest in it to any third party.

5.10.4 We shall be entitled to rely on any scientific or other process to establish that the Lot is not a Forgery, whether or not such process was used or in use at the date of the auction.

6 LIABILITY Nothing in these Terms and Conditions limits or excludes our liability for:6.1 death or personal injury resulting from negligence; or

6.2 any damage or liability incurred by you as a result of our fraud or frau-dulent misrepresentation.

7 COPYRIGHT

7.1 We shall have the right (on a non-exclusive basis) to photograph, video or otherwise produce an image of the Lot. All rights in such an image will belong to us, and we shall have the right to use it in whatever way we see fit.

7.2 The copyright in all images, illustrations and written material relating to a Lot is and shall remain at all times our property and we shall have the right to use it in whatever way we see fit. You shall not use or allow anyone else to use such images, illustrations or written material without our prior written consent.

8 NOTICES

All notices given under these Terms and Conditions may be served perso-nally, sent by registered letter, or faxed to the address given to the sender by the other party. Any notice sent by post will be deemed to have been received on the second working day after posting or, if the addressee is overseas, on the fifth working day after posting. Any notice sent by fax or

served personally will be deemed to be delivered on the first working day following despatch.

9 ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS The following provisions of this clause 9 shall apply only if you are acting for the purposes of your business.

9.1 Limitation of LiabilitySubject to clause 6, we shall not be liable, whether in tort (including for negligence or breach of statutory duty, contract, misrepresentation or otherwise) for any:

9.1.1 loss of profits, loss of business, depletion of goodwill and/or similar losses, loss of anticipated savings, loss of goods, loss of contract, loss of use, loss of corruption of data or information; or

9.1.2 any special, indirect, consequential or pure economic loss, costs, damages, charges or expenses.

9.2 Severability

If any part of these Terms and Condition is found by any court to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that part may be discounted and the rest of the conditions shall continue to be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

9.3 Force majeure

We shall have no liability to you if we are prevented from, or delayed in performing, our obligations under these Terms and Conditions or from carrying on our business by acts, events, omissions or accidents beyond our reasonable control, including (without limitation) strikes, lock-outs or other industrial disputes (whether involving our workforce or the wor-kforce of any other party), failure of a utility service or transport network, act of God, war, riot, civil commotion, malicious damage, compliance with any law or governmental order, rule, regulation or direction, accident, bre-akdown of plant or machinery, fire, flood, storm or default of suppliers or subcontractors.

9.4 Waiver

9.4.1 A waiver of any right under these Terms and Conditions is only effective if it is in writing and it applies only to the circumstances for which it is given. No failure or delay by a party in exercising any right or remedy under these Terms and Conditions or by law shall constitute a waiver of that (or any other) right or remedy, nor preclude or restrict its further exer-cise. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that (or any other) right or remedy.

9.4.2 Unless specifically provided otherwise, rights arising under these Terms and Conditions are cumulative and do not exclude rights provided by law.

9.5 Law and jurisdiction

The sale, as well as all legal relationships that derive therefrom, are subject to Swiss law. If disputes or legal actions arise over the sale and/or legal relationships deriving therefrom, they shall be remitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Lugano. Spink Switzerland SA reserves the right to take action against the debtor at his domicile. In this case, Swiss law is still applicable.

9.6 Importation and exportation of stamps

The importation and exportation of stamps should be subject to regula-tions in force in the contracting countries of the Unesco Convention of 1970, which in Switzerland is enforced by a federal law called “Cultural Property Transfer Act CPTA” and the related “Cultural Property Transfer Ordinance CPTO” (www.bak.admin.ch/bak/themen/kulturguetertran-sfer/01104/index.html?lang=en). Spink remains at disposal for any fur-ther information.

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Le presenti condizioni di vendita stabiliscono i termini che regolano i rapporti tra noi (Spink Switzerland SA, Via Motta 44, 6900 Lugano-Svizzera) e Voi (l’Acquirente), sia che agiamo per conto del Venditore o, in proprio, in quanto noi stessi Venditori. Vi preghiamo di leggere attentamente le presenti condizioni di vendita.

1 DEFINIZIONI Le seguenti definizioni sono richiamate nelle presenti condizioni di vendita.

2 RUOLO DI SPINK COME AGENTE

2.1 In tutte le vendite da noi condotte sia attraverso asta che a trattativa privata, noi agiamo come agenti per conto del Venditore o, a volte, come conferenti in proprio se siamo proprietari del Lotto. Sia che agiamo come agenti per conto del Venditore che come conferenti in proprio, possiamo avere un interesse finanziario nel Lotto.

2.2 Il contratto relativo alla vendita del Lotto sarà tra Voi ed il Venditore.

3 PRIMA DELL’ASTA

3.1 Esame dei beni Vi preghiamo di esaminare personalmente tutti i beni a cui è interessato, prima che l’asta abbia luogo. Reports sullo stato del pezzo sono general-mente disponibili su richiesta. Noi non forniamo alcuna garanzia se non in relazione a Falsi cosi’ come stabilito all’articolo 5.10 di queste Condizioni generali di vendita.

3.2 Descrizioni del catalogo

3.2.1 Le affermazioni da noi riportate nel catalogo o nei nostri re-ports, o fatte verbalmente o per iscritto in altri contesti, riguardanti l’auto-re, l’origine, la data, l’età, dimensione, materiale, attribuzione, genuinità, provenienza, condizione o prezzo di vendita stimato di ogni Lotto, sono meramente affermazioni di opinione sulle quali non deve essere fatto af-fidamento come affermazioni derivanti da fatti certi e definitivi. Le illu-strazioni del catalogo fungono solo da guida e su di esse non si dovrebbe fare affidamento per determinare la tonalità od il colore di ogni Lotto o per rilevare imperfezioni. Con riferimento alla stima del prezzo di vendita, non si dovrebbe fare affidamento su di essa in quanto affermazione che questo prezzo sarà quello a cui il Lotto sarà venduto o che questo sia il suo effettivo valore per ogni altro scopo.

3.2.2 Molti pezzi sono di un’età o natura tali da pregiudicare che pos-sano essere in perfette condizioni e alcune descrizioni nel catalogo o fornite attraverso i nostri reports, indicano la presenza di danni e/o restauri. Noi forniamo queste informazioni solo come indicazione e la loro assenza non implica che un pezzo sia esente da difetti o restauri, né l’indicazione di particolari difetti implica l’assenza di taluni altri.

3.2.3 A parte quanto previsto all’articolo 5.10, ed in assenza di fro-de, né il Venditore, né noi, né alcuno dei nostri impiegati od agenti sono responsabili della correttezza di qualsiasi dichiarazione relativa all’autore, origine, data, età, attribuzione, genuinità o provenienza di ogni Lotto, né

CONDIZIONI GENERALI DI VENDITA

per qualsiasi altro errore di descrizione o per qualsiasi errore o difetto pre-sente in qualsiasi Lotto.

3.3 Vostra responsabilità

E’ vostra responsabilità ritenervi soddisfatti in merito alle condizioni dei beni ed agli argomenti di cui alle descrizioni nel catalogo.

3.4 Extensions

3.4.1 Se desiderate ottenere un parere peritale od un Certificato di Autenticità di qualsiasi lotto (a parte Lotti misti o Lotti contenenti fran-cobolli non descritti), dovete richiederlo per iscritto non piu’ tardi di qua-rantotto ore prima dell’orario fissato per l’inizio della prima sessione d’asta. Se dai noi accettata, tale richiesta avrà lo stesso effetto di formale notifica dell’intenzione di mettere in discussione la genuinità o la descrizione del Lotto per gli scopi previsti dall’articolo 5.10 (Rimborso in caso di Falso) delle presenti Condizioni generali di vendita e di conseguenza le previsioni dell’articolo 5.10 troveranno applicazione.

3.4.2 La notifica di richiesta di un parere peritale o di un Certificato di Autenticità deve contenere il motivo di tale richiesta e specificare l’indi-cazione del perito da Voi proposto che sarà soggetto al nostro accordo. Ci riserviamo il diritto, a nostra discrezione, di rifiutare la richiesta di parere peritale o di Certificato di Autenticità, incluso (senza limitazione) il caso in cui l’esperto proposto non sia da noi conosciuto.

3.4.3 Se accettiamo la richiesta di parere peritale o di Certificato di Autenticità, sottoporremo il Lotto al Comitato di esperti. Voi riconoscete ed accettate che il tempo necessario al Comitato di esperti per emettere un parere, varierà in dipendenza delle specifiche corcostanze ed in ogni caso sarà fuori dal nostro controllo.

3.4.4 Normalmente non accettiamo richieste di extension sulle con-dizioni del Lotto. Ogni Lotto descritto nel catalogo come avente errori o difetti, non puo’ essere ritornato anche se un parere peritale od un Certi-ficato di Autenticità indichi la presenza di altri errori o difetti non inclusi nella descrizione del catalogo, a parte il caso di Falso.

3.4.5 Se Spink dovesse accettare la richiesta di extension sulla base delle precedenti previsioni di questo paragrafo, questo fatto potrà essere dichiarato dal Banditore durante l’asta prima della vendita del Lotto.

3.4.6 Va considerato che ogni francobollo accompagnato da un Cer-tificato di Autenticità è venduto sulla base solamente di detto certificato e non sulla base di qualsiasi altra descrizione o garanzia relativa all’autenti-

è la commissione da Voi dovuta in percentuale del prezzo di aggiudicazione nella misura stabilita al successivo articolo 5.1;

è il certificato emesso da un comitato di esperti che conferma l’autenticità di un lotto;

è il comitato di esperti a cui un Lotto puo’ essere inviato a seguito di una richiesta di “extension” secondo quanto previsto all’articolo 3.4.3;

è un Lotto rappresentato da un’imitazione originariamente concepita ed eseguita nel complesso con l’intento fraudolento di ingannare in relazione all’autore, origine, età, periodo cultura o sorgente, la cui corretta descrizione in relazione a cio’ non è rappresentata dalla descrizione del catalogo e che alla data dell’asta aveva un valore sostanzialmente inferiore a quello che avrebbe dovuto avere secondo la descrizione riportata nel catalogo. Di conseguenza nessun Lotto puo’ essere considerato un Falso in conseguenza di qualsiasi danno e/o restauro di ogni tipo;

è l’importo corrispondente all’offerta piu’ alta accettata dal banditore in relazione ad un Lotto;

è qualsiasi pezzo da noi posto in vendita in asta e, in particolare, il pezzo o l’insieme di pezzi descritti nel catalogo a cui fa riferimento un numero di lotto nel catalogo medesimo;

è il proprietario del Lotto da noi posto in vendita;

è costituito da Spink and Son Limited, dalle nostre filiali e società consociate;

è l’Imposta sul Valore Aggiunto.

Commissione di acquisto:

Certificato di autenticità:

Comitato di esperti:

Falso:

Prezzo di aggiudicazione:

Lotto:

Venditore:

Gruppo Spink:

IVA:

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cità. Non saranno accettate richieste di extension su tale francobollo ed il reso del medesimo non sarà accettato.

3.4.7 Se il parere peritale o del Certificato di Autenticità dovessero dimostrare la fondatezza della richiesta di extension, tutte le spese per ot-tenere i medesimi saranno a nostro carico. In caso contrario, saranno total-mente a carico vostro.

4 IN ASTA

4.1 Rifiuto di ammissione

Le nostre vendite si svolgono di solito in nostri locali o locali sui quali abbbiamo il controllo in relazione alla vendita e quindi abbiamo il diritto, esercitabile a nostra completa discrezione, di rifiutare l’ammissione ai locali o la partecipazione ad un’asta.

4.2 Registrazione

Voi dovete compilare e firmare un modulo di registrazione e consentire la vostra identificazione prima di fare offerte in asta. Vi informiamo che usualmente richiediamo agli acquirenti di accettare una verifica del loro merito creditizio.Alcuni lotti possono essere designati prima dell’asta come “Premium Lots”, che significa che un deposito puo’ essere richiesto prima di accettare un’offerta per quei lotti. Informazioni in merito saranno annunciate sul nostro sito.

4.3 Offerte in proprio

Nel momento in cui fate offerte (sia che tali offerte siano fatte di perso-na, attraverso collegamento telefonico gestito da Spink, online o attraverso invio postale o via email), Voi sarete considerati come se steste agendo in proprio e accetterete quindi di essere personalmente responsabili, a meno che sia stato accordato per iscritto al momento della registrazione che state agendo per conto di terzi acquirenti che siano da noi accettati.

4.4 Offerte su commissione

Se Voi ci date istruzioni di offrire per vostro conto, attraverso la compila-zione del modulo contenuto nei nostri cataloghi o attraverso il nostro sito web, noi faremo tutto quanto ragionevolmente possibile per ottemperare alle vostre istruzioni, posto che esse ci pervengano non piu’ tardi di 24 ore prima dell’asta. Se riceviamo offerte su commissione su un particolare Lotto per ammontari identici ed in asta tali offerte sono le piu’ alte per quel Lotto, il medesimo sarà aggiudicato alla persona la cui offerta è stata ricevuta per prima. Le offerte su commissione sono da noi prese in carico unitamente agli altri impegni che dobbiamo svolgere durante la vendita, e la conduzione dell’asta puo’ essere tale da non consentirci di fare le of-ferte come richiesto. Poiché questo è un servizio che noi offriamo gratis a potenziali acquirenti secondo le clausole stabilite, non possiamo accettare alcuna responsabilità per mancanze nella esecuzione di una offerta su com-missione. Dovreste pertanto sempre partecipare personalmente all’asta se desiderate avere certezza delle offerte fatte.

4.5 Offerte via internet

Una ulteriore comodità che offriamo ai nostri clienti è quella di poter fare offerte attraverso internet. Noi non saremo responsabili per errori o man-canze nella esecuzione di offerte fatte attraverso internet, incluso, senza limitazioni, errori o mancanze causate da (i) interruzioni della connessione internet da qualsivoglia delle parti per qualsivoglia ragione; (ii) un mal-funzionamento o problemi del software per fare le offerte online e/o (iii) malfunzionamento o problemi della vostra connessione internet, computer o sistema operativo L’esecuzione di offerte attraverso internet è un servi-zio che noi offriamo gratis e che prendiamo in carico unitamente agli altri impegni da noi svolti durante la vendita e non accettiamo alcuna responsa-bilità per la mancata esecuzione delle offerte online o per errori o omissioni connesse a questa attività.

4.6 Offerte telefoniche

Se Voi prenderete accordi con noi non piu’ tardi di 24 ore prima dell’asta, faremo tutto quanto ragionevolmente possibile per contattarvi al fine di consentirvi di partecipare all’asta in collegamento telefonico, ma in nessuna circostanza saremo responsabili nei vostri confronti o del Venditore nel ca-so non si riesca per qualsiasi ragione a consentirvi di offrire via telefono.

4.7 Convertitore di valuta

In alcune aste sarà operativo un convertitore di valute basato sui tassi di cambio a noi quotati da BSI Sa o su qualsiasi altro appropriato tasso da noi determinato all’apertura della giornata di svolgimento dell’asta. Le offerte avverrano nella valuta da noi stabilita. Il convertitore di valuta puo’ non essere sempre affidabile ed errori possono accadere fuori dal nostro con-trollo sia con riguardo alla correttezza del numero di Lotto che appare sul convertitore che della valuta estera equivalente alla valuta in cui l’asta viene battuta. Noi non saremo responsabili nei vostri confronti per perdite subite per aver seguito il convertitore di valuta.

4.8 Immagini video

In alcune aste sarà presente uno schermo video. Errori possono accadere in connessione a cio’ e noi non saremo responsabili nei vostri confronti sia con riferimento alla corrispondenza dell’immagine del Lotto in corso di agggiudicazione durante l’asta che per la qualità dell’immagine in quanto riproduzione dell’originale.

4.9 Incrementi delle offerte

Il banditore apre l’asta per ogni Lotto al prezzo base, in assenza di offerte su commissione, ed avanza generalmente secondo la seguente scaletta pur potendo variare gli incrementti durante lo svolgimento dell’asta. I normali incrementi delle offerte sono i seguenti:da 50 a 100 10da 100 a 500 20da 500 a 1,000 50da 1,000 a 2,000 100da 2,000 a 5,000 200da 5,000 a 10,000 500da 10,000 a 20,000 1,000da 20,000 a 50,000 2,000da 50,000 a 100,000 5,000da 100,000 a 200,000 10,000da 200,000 a 500,000 20,000

4.10 Offerte da parte di Spink

4.10.1 Il gruppo Spink si riserva il diritto di fare offerte ed acquistare Lotti in proprio.

4.11 Discrezione del banditore

Il banditore ha il diritto a sua assoluta discrezione di rifiutare qualsiasi of-ferta, di far avanzare le offerte nel modo che ritiene opportuno, di ritirare o dividere qualsiasi Lotto, di raggruppare due o piu’ Lotti e, in caso di errore o controversia, di rimettere nuovamente qualsiasi Lotto in offerta..

4.12 Offerte aggiudicate

Soggetto alla discrezione del banditore, il colpo del suo martelletto segna l’accettazione dell’offerta piu’ alta, e la conclusione di un contratto di ven-dita tra Voi ed il Venditore.

4.13 Accordi post vendita

Se Voi raggiungete accordi privati per la vendita di qualsiasi Lotto con il Venditore entro 60 giorni dalla data dell’asta, noi, come agenti esclusivi del Venditore, ci riserviamo il diritto di addebitarvi la relativa Commissione di acquisto in accordo con le presenti Condizioni generali di vendita e di addebitare al Venditore una commissione secondo i termini dell’accordo con il Venditore medesimo.

4.14 Reso di un lotto

Nel caso in cui abbiate ricevuto un Lotto e desideriate ritornarlo, Voi do-vete notificarcelo per iscritto entro sette giorni dal ricevimento, dichiaran-do il motivo del reso. Il lotto deve essere ritornato a noi entro 14 giorni dal ricevimento da parte vostra, nelle stesse condizioni esistenti alla data dell’asta. Qualsiasi richiesta di questo tipo è soggetta alla nostra esclusiva discrezione.

5 DOPO L’ASTA

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5.1 Commissione di acquistoIn aggiunta al prezzo di aggiudicazione, Voi dovrete pagarci la Commissio-ne di acquisto stabilita nella misura del 20% del prezzo di aggiudicazione di ogni lotto. 5.2 Imposta sul valore aggiunto (IVA)In caso di vendita con merce consegnata in Svizzera e non esportata verrà addebitata in fattura l’IVA pari all’8% (ottopercento) del prezzo di ven-dita, intendendosi con esso il prezzo di aggiudicazione maggiorato del-la commissione di cui al punto 5.1 e di eventuali spese di assicurazione e trasporto da addebitare in caso di spedizione del materiale acquistato. Nel caso l’acquirente intenda ritirare la merce e provvedere in proprio alla pratica doganale di esportazione, l’Iva sarà addebitata e successivamente rimborsata all’acquirente dietro presentazione della documentazione legale di avvenuta esportazione.

5.3 Pagamento

5.3.1 Voi dovete fornirci nome e domicilio e, se richiesto, i dettagli della banca da cui proverranno i pagamenti in nostro favore. Voi dovete pagare l’intero ammontare dovuto (comprensivo del Prezzo di aggiudica-zione, della Commissione di acquisto, dei costi di assicurazione e spedizio-ne e, ove applicabile, dell’Iva) entro sette giorni dalla data dell’asta.

5.3.2 Voi non acquisirete alcun diritto sul Lotto fino a che tutte le somme a noi dovute non ci saranno state integralmente pagate, anche nel caso in cui noi vi avessimo già consegnato il Lotto.

5.3.3 Il pagamento deve essere fatto nella valuta della vendita (a meno di accordi particolari) attraverso uno dei seguenti metodi:

(i) Bonifico bancario sul nostro conto indicato in fattura. Vi preghiamo di assicurarvi che tutte le spese bancarie siano a vostro carico e che il vostro numero di cliente sia indicato nella causale del bonifico.

(ii) Assegno bancario o circolare intestato a Spink Switzerland Sa da inviare al nostro indirizzo di Via Motta 44, 6900 Lugano Switzerland. Vi preghia-mo di assicurarvi che le spese di emissione e di incasso dell’assegno banca-rio o circolare siano a vostro carico e che il tagliando presente in fondo alla fattura sia inserito insieme al pagamento.

(iii) Carta di credito Visa, Mastercard o American Express. Un addebito del 3.75% sarà applicato per pagamenti con Visa e Mastercard e del 3.95% per pagamenti con American Express.

5.4 Ritiro degli acquisti

5.4.1 A meno che non ci siamo specificamente accordati diversamen-te, terremo i pezzi venduti fino a che gli ammontari a noi dovuti, o dovuti al gruppo Spink, siano stati integralmente pagati.

5.4.2 In assenza di nostra diversa comunicazione, i pezzi da noi te-nuti saranno assicurati in accordo con la nostra polizza, che è disponibile per visione presso i nostri uffici, per un periodo di sette giorni dalla data dell’asta o fino al momento del ritiro se fosse precedente. Dopo sette giorni o dal momento del ritiro, se precedente, il Lotto sarà interamente a vostro rischio.

5.4.3 La nostra polizza non assicurerà e non siamo in grado di accetta-re alcuna responsabilità per danni causati da tarli, cambiamenti atmosferici o atti di terrorismo.

5.5 ComunicazioniNon siamo in grado di comunicare l’avvenuta aggiudicazione agli aggiu-dicatari dei Lotti. Le fatture saranno inviate via email dopo l’asta e non accettiamo responsabilità per comunicazioni inerenti alle vostre offerte. Vi preghiamo di contattarci telefonicamente o di persona appena dopo l’asta per conoscere il risultato delle vostre offerte al fine di evitare addebiti per pagamenti in ritardo.

5.6 Imballo e movimentazione

5.6.1 Faremo tutto quanto ragionevolmente possibile per avere cura del Lotto acquistato nel momento dell’imballo e della movimentazione ma ricordate che dopo sette giorni dall’asta o, dalla data del ritiro se pre-cedente, il Lotto è interamente a vostro rischio. In caso di spedizione, i

nostri addebiti per le spese postali ed assicurative sono indicati alla fine del catalogo.

5.6.2 E’ responsabilità dell’acquirente conoscere qualsiasi dazio/tassa all’importazione che potrebbero essere richiesti al momento dell’importa-zione nel paese di destinazione. Spink non accetterà il reso di qualsiasi collo per evitare il pagamento di tale dazio/tassa. E’ inoltre onere dell’acquiren-te conoscere qualsiasi restrizione doganale all’importazione che proibisca l’importazione di certi articoli da collezione. Spink non accetterà il reso di Lotti per questo motivo. Spink non accetterà alcuna responsabilità per Lotti sequestrati o distrutti dalla Dogana.

5.7 Confezionatori e spedizionieri raccomandatiSe richiesto, il nostro ufficio spedizioni puo’ organizzare la spedizione co-me suo agente. Sebbene noi siamo in grado di suggerire spedizionieri, se specificamente richiesto, i nostri suggerimenti sono forniti sulla base della nostra esperienza generale con essi nel passato e non siamo responsabili nei confronti di alcuno al quale abbiamo fatto una raccomandazione per atti od omissioni delle controparti in questione.

5.8 Rimedi per mancato pagamento o mancato ritiro

5.8.1 Se Voi venite meno al pagamento entro sette gioni dalla data di pagamento indicata in fattura, noi saremo autorizzati ad esercitare uno o piu’ dei seguenti diritti o rimedi:

5.8.1.1 addebitare interessi al tasso composto dell’1% al mese, calcolati su base giornaliera dalla data in cui il pagamento è dovuto, in aggiunta ad una penale del 5% del prezzo di vendita;

5.8.1.2 rivalersi su qualsiasi somma di cui il gruppo Spink puo’ essere creditore nei vostri confronti per qualsiasi altra operazione, fino a concor-renza dell’ammontare da Voi non pagato;

5.8.1.3 trattenere tutti o alcuni Lotti di vostra proprietà o altri beni in possesso del gruppo Spink fino al pagamento da parte vostra di tutte le somme dovute a noi o al gruppo Spink, anche se la somma non pagata non riguarda quei lotti o quei beni. Trascorsi quattordici giorni dalla nostra comunicazione di esistenza di una somma non pagata, il gruppo Spink avrà il diritto di organizzare la vendita di tali Lotti o beni. Noi compenseremo i ricavi rivenienti da detta vendita fino a concorrenza della somma dovuta al gruppo Spink e vi pagheremo l’eventuale saldo;

5.8.1.4 nel caso in cui piu’ somme siano da voi dovute al gruppo Spink con riferimento ad operazioni diverse, compensare qualsiasi ammontare pagato con qualsiasi ammontare da voi dovuto sia o meno riferito diretta-mente ad una specifica operazione;

5.8.1.5 rifiutare in qualsiasi asta futura qualsiasi offerta fatta da Voi o per vostro conto, od ottenere un deposito da parte vostra prima di accetta-re qualsiasi offerta.

5.8.2 Se Voi venite meno al pagamento entro trentacinque giorni dalla data di pagamento indicata in fattura, noi saremo inoltre autorizzati a:

5.8.2.1 cancellare la vendita del Lotto o di qualsiasi altro articolo a Voi venduto nella stessa od in qualsiasi altra asta;

5.8.2.2 organizzare una rivendita del Lotto, in asta o a trattativa priva-ta, e se il prezzo realizzato fosse inferiore a quello a suo tempo ottenuto, richiedere il pagamento del saldo da parte vostra unitamente a tutti i ra-gionevoli costi compreso una commissione del Venditore del 20%, spese varie , rimborso danni, spese legali, commissioni e premi di qualsiasi natura connessi con entrambe le vendite o altrimenti occorsi in conseguenza del mancato pagamento; o

5.8.2.3 intraprendere ogni altra appropriata azione che riterremo adat-ta.

5.9 Mancato ritiroNel caso in cui gli acquisti non siano ritirati entro sette giorni dalla data della vendita, sia che sia stato effettuato o meno il pagamento, Voi sarete tenuti al pagamento di un costo di magazzinaggio giornaliero pari a Chf 2.- per articolo oltre a qualsiasi altro costo di movimentazione ove applica-bile. Non sarete autorizzati a ritirare il Lotto fino a che tutti gli addebiti in sospeso siano stati onorati unitamente al pagamento di tutte le altre somme a noi dovute.

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5.10 Rimborso in caso di Falso

5.10.1 Una vendita sarà cancellata e la somma pagata vi verrà rimborsata se un Lotto (a parte i Lotti misti non descritti nel catalogo), da noi venduto venga provato essere un Falso. Tuttavia non saremo obbligati a rimborsare alcuna somma se (a) la descrizione del catalogo o la comunicazione fatta in sala nel giorno dell’asta corrispondeva all’opinione generalmente accettata da studiosi o esperti in quel momento o correttamente indicava che c’era un conflitto di opinioni, o (b) puo’ essere dimostrato che il Lotto è un Falso solo attraverso, sia un procedimento scientifico non generalmente accettato per l’uso fino a dopo la pubblicazione del catalogo, sia attraverso un procedimento che alla data dell’asta fosse irragionevolmente costoso o impraticabile o che potesse causare danno al Lotto. Inoltre dovreste tenere in considerazione che il rimborso puo’ essere ottenuto solo se sono rispet-tate le seguenti condizioni:

5.10.1.1 Voi dovete comunicarci per iscritto entro sette giorni dal ricevi-mento del Lotto/i che secondo Voi il Lotto in questione è un falso;

5.10.1.2 Voi dovete dunque ritornarci l’articolo entro quattordici gior-ni dal ricevimento del Lotto/I nelle stesse condizioni esistenti alla data dell’asta; e

5.10.1.3 non appena ritornato il Lotto, Voi dovete produrci una prova soddisfacente che il Lotto è un Falso e che Voi siete in grado di trasferirci il pieno diritto sul lotto stesso, libero da qualsiasi pretesa di terze parti.

5.10.2 In nessuna circostanza saremo richiesti di pagare in vostro favore piu’ di quanto da Voi pagato per il Lotto in questione e non potrete eser-citare alcuna pretesa di pagamento di interessi.

5.10.3 Il beneficio di questa garanzia non puo’ essere trasferito ed è di esclusiva pertinenza della persona a cui la fattura originale è stata emessa relativamente al Lotto venduto e che, dal momento della vendita, è rimasto il proprietario del Lotto senza essersi liberato di alcun interesse in esso in favore di terze parti.

5.10.4 Noi saremo autorizzati a fare affidamento su qualsiasi procedi-mento scientifico o meno per stabilire che il Lotto non è un Falso, sia che tale processo fosse o meno in uso alla data dell’asta.

6 RESPONSABILITA’

Nulla in queste Condizioni generali di vendita limita o esclude la nostra responsabilità per:

6.1 morte o lesione personale dovuta a negligenza; o

6.2 qualsiasi danno o responsabilità da Voi sopportata come risultato di una nostra frode o fraudolenta falsa dichiarazione.

7 COPYRIGHT

7.1 Noi abbiamo il diritto (su base non esclusiva) di fotografare, videori-prendere, o produrre in altro modo una immagine del Lotto. Tutti i diritti relativi a tale immagine appartengono a noi e abbiamo il diritto di usarla in qualunque modo riteniamo adatto.

7.2 Il diritto d’autore su tutte le immagini, illustrazioni e materiale scritto riguardante un Lotto è e rimarrà sempre di nostra proprietà e avremo il diritto di utilizzarlo in qualunque modo riteniamo adatto. Voi non potrete usare o permettere a chiunque altro di usare immagini, illustrazioni o ma-teriale scritto senza il nostro preventivo consenso scritto.

8 COMUNICAZIONITutte le comunicazioni previste nelle presenti Condizioni generali di ven-dita possono essere notificate personalmente, inviate per lettera raccoman-data o inviate via fax all’indirizzo comunicato al mittente dall’altra parte. Qualsiasi comunicazione inviata via posta sarà considerata ricevuta nel se-condo giorno lavorativo dopo la data di spedizione o, se il destinatario è estero, nel quinto giorno successivo alla spedizione. Qualsiasi comunica-zione inviata via fax o notificata personalmente sarà considerata consegnata nel primo giorno lavorativo seguente all’esecuzione.

9 DISPOSIZIONI SUPPLEMENTARI

Le disposizioni che seguono del presente articolo 9 si applicheranno solo se Voi agite per scopi legati al vostro business:

9.1 Limitazione della responsabilitàSecondo quanto previsto all’articolo 6, noi non saremo responsabili, se in torto (inclusa negligenza o violazione di obblighi di legge o di contratto, falsa testimonianza o diversi) per qualsiasi:

9.1.1 perdita di profitto, perdita di business, diminuzione dell’avvia-mento o perdite similari, perdita di risparmi previsti, perdita di beni, perdita di contratti, perdita di mancato utilizzo, perdita per alterazione di dati o informazioni; o

9.1.2 qualsiasi particolare, indiretta, conseguenziale o pura perdita economica, costi, danni, addebiti o spese.

9.2 SeparabilitàSe qualsiasi parte di queste Condizioni generali di vendita venisse trovata da qualsivoglia tribunale non valida, illegale o inapplicabile, tale parte puo’ essere non tenuta in conto ed il resto delle condizioni continuare ad essere valide ed applicabili nella misura massima consentita dalla legge.

9.3 Forza maggiore

Noi non avremo alcuna responsabilità nei vostri confronti se ci viene impe-dito o subiamo ritardi nell’eseguire i nostri adempimenti in base alle pre-senti Condizioni generali di vendita o nel portare avanti il nostro business a causa di atti, eventi, omissioni, o incidenti fuori dal nostro ragionevole controllo, includendo (senza limitazioni) scioperi, serrate o altre verten-ze aziendali (sia che coinvolgano nostro personale o personale di terzi), mancanza di servizi di pubblica utilità o di rete di trasporto, eventi straor-dinari, imprevedibili ed inevitabili, dovuti a cause naturali, guerra, rivolta, sommosse civili, danno volontario, rispetto di qualsiasi legge od ordine governativo, norma, regolamento o direttiva, incidente, guasti di impianti o macchinari, incendio, inondazioni, tempeste o omissioni di fornitori o subfornitori;

9.4 Rinuncia

9.4.1 La rinuncia di qualsiasi diritto previsto dalle presenti Condizioni generali di vendita è efficace solo se fatto per iscritto e si applica solo alle circostanze per cui è concessa. Nessuna mancanza o ritardo da ciascuna parte nell’esercizio di qualsiasi diritto o rimedio previsto dalle presenti Condizioni generali di vendita o stabilito dalla legge, costituirà una rinun-cia di quel (o di qualsiasi altro) diritto o rimedio, né preclude o limiterà il suo successivo esercizio. Nessun singolo o parziale esercizio di tale diritto o rimedio precluderà o limiterà il successivo esercizio di quel (o di qualsiasi altro) diritto o rimedio.

9.4.2 A meno che non sia specificamente diversamente previsto, i di-ritti risultanti dalle presenti Condizioni generali di vendita sono cumula-tivi e non escludono i diritti previsti dalla legge.

9.5 Legge e giurisdizione

La vendita cosi’ come i rapporti giuridici che ne derivano, sono soggetti alla legge svizzera. Se controversie o azioni legali dovessero nascere in relazione alla vendita od ai rapporti giuridici da essa derivanti, esse saranno rimesse alla competenza esclusiva del Foro di Lugano. Spink Switzerland Sa si ri-serva il diritto di procedere contro il debitore al domicilio di quest’ultimo: in tal caso è sempre applicabile il diritto svizzero.

9.6 Importazione ed esportazione di francobolli

Le importazioni ed esportazioni di francobolli soggiacciono alle normative vigenti negli Stati contraenti della Convenzione Unesco del 1970 (www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/i4/0.444.1.it.pdf), che per la Svizzera ha trovato ap-plicazione nella legge federale sul trasferimento internazionale dei beni culturali LTBC (www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/4/444.1.it.pdf) e nella relativa ordinanza OTBC (www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/4/444.11.it.pdf). Spink Swit-zerland SA rimane a disposizione per eventuali ulteriori informazioni.

9.7 Versione delle Condizioni generali di vendita

La versione in italiano delle presenti Condizioni generali di vendita è stata tradotta dalla versione inglese che rimane la versione legale in caso di con-troversia o differenza di interpretazione.

12

INDEX – INDICE

Page Pagina

LotsLotti

BRAZILTHE PAULO COMELLI COLLECTION OF BRAZILIAN MAIL

TO FOREIGN DESTINATION

From “Correio-Mor” to U.P.U.

“Correio-Mor” in Brazil ...................................................................................... 15

Portuguese Mail in Brazil .................................................................................... 17

Brazilian Occupation of Uruguay - Cisplatina Province (1822-1828) .................... 22

Brazilian Stampless Mail ...................................................................................... 23

Mail Bearing Brazilian Adhesives ......................................................................... 24

Foreign Maritime Carriage

American Mail ............................................................................................... 43

Belgian Mail ................................................................................................... 43

British Mail .................................................................................................... 47

British Post Offices ......................................................................................... 55

French Mail .................................................................................................... 61

French Consular Agencies............................................................................... 65

German Mail.................................................................................................. 66

Portuguese Mail ............................................................................................. 67

Sardinian & Italian Mail ................................................................................. 69

Spanish Mail .................................................................................................. 69

THE WALTER G. TAVEIRA COLLECTION OF “NUMERALS” OF BRAZIL

“Bull’s Eyes” Issue ............................................................................................... 73

“Inclinados” Issue

“Bull’s Eyes” Paper Issue ................................................................................ 86

Thin Paper Issue ............................................................................................ 88

“Verticais” Issue .................................................................................................. 97

“Coloridos” Issue ................................................................................................ 97

Perforated “Verticais” & “Coloridos” Issue ........................................................ 100

Reprints (1890-1943) .........................................................................................101

Forgeries & Facsimiles ........................................................................................103

1921-1922 The Unissued ‘’Bull’s Eye’’ Designs .................................................. 104

1150/1153

1154/1167

1168/1170

1171/1176

1177/1238

1239/1240

1241/1247

1248/1269

1270/1288

1289/1299

1300/1302

1303/1307

1308/1310

1311/1315

1316/1317

1318/1369

1370/1375

1376/1409

1410

1411/1418

1419

1420/1424

1425/1426

1427

13

Paulo Rodolpho Comelli was born in Rio de Janeiro on 23 March 1943. After over 45 years of passion for philately, his name will remain in the history of Brazil-ian philately as one of its most outstand-ing experts and collectors. He successfully developed his profes-sional career in Brazil as a business man-ager after completing his studies at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.His most important collection was “Bra-zilian Mail to Foreign Destinations”, which, offered in this sale, represents a lifetime of collecting and research; the greatest achievement was as the win-ner of the “Grand Prix d’Exposition” at ‘Indipex 2011’ World Philatelic Exhibi-tion in New Delhi, where his acclaimed collection of postal history received the ultimate recognition. We would also like to mention his highly advanced collec-tion dedicated to his favourite Brazilian issues: Dom Pedro 1866-1878, which was awarded an international Large Gold Medal (partly sold some years ago, with some material being included in this sale).He pursued, led by his depth work of re-search, the most accurate opinions and statements with regards to the authentic-ity and description of philatelic material. His interest in the postal history of his

P aulo Rodolpho Comelli

country, encouraged him to carry out research in archives and literature, ena-bling him to write a remarkable quantity of articles dedicated to traditional philat-ely, postal history, fakes and forgeries of the classic period. Indeed, he even be-came chief editor and president of the MOSAICO magazine of the Brazilian Philatelic Chamber.His numerous and prestigious achieve-ments as a researcher and collector were recognised on several occasions. From 1997 and 1998 to 2001, he became Vice President of the Brazilian Federation of Philately (FEBRAF), the same charge being carried out for the Inter-American Federation of Philately (FIAF), culmi-nating his federative career when he was elected Director of the FIP in 2008. The prestigious appointment as Fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society of London was even later greatly enhanced when, in 2007, he signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. His prestige as expert was recognised when he was elected Direc-tor of the Association Internationale des Experts en Philatelie (A.I.E.P.), being in this position from 2006 to 2011. His service to the FIP was also developed as an Accredited Judge in the categories of traditional philately and postal history.

Authenticity

Paulo R. Comelli was a member of the prestigious Association Internationale des Experts en Philatelie (A.I.E.P.), and one of the most renowned experts in the history of Brazilian philately. His own collection has been assembled with great care in regard to authenticity, no leaving room for doubtful material. Therefore no complaints or requests of extension regarding the authenticity of any lot in the auction will be accepted. All lots are offered on the basis that they are ex the “Paulo Comelli” collection and as such are deemed to have been expertised by him.

It is an immense honour for us to include in this sale the name of, not only a great philatelist who enriched one of the most important countries of worldwide philat-ely, but also a friend. His most prestig-ious collection is a magnificent testament to his taste, search and research.

200620082011

LIST OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS FIP AWARDS RECEIVED FOR HIS LAST EXHIBIT

BRAZILIAN MAIL TO FOREIGN DESTINATIONS - FROM CORREIO MOR TO U.P.U.

Paulo R. Comelli (1943-2011)R.D.P., F.R.P.S.L., A.I.E.P.

España EfiroIndipex

Large GoldLarge GoldLarge Gold and Grand Prix International

Málaga, SpainBucarest, RomaniaNew Delhi, India

14

1151 ex

1153

1155 ex

1157

1158 ex 1159 ex

1156 ex

15

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1150 * 1745-73. Two stampless entire letters from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro carried by Portuguese galleys to Lisbon and Porto, with involvement of the private postal system “Correio-Mor das Cartas do Mar”. Considering that only eleven covers sent abroad in this period are known in private hands, transatlantic mail in this early period, the “Correio-Mor”, becomes of even more interest and fascination.

1’500

THE PAULO COMELLI COLLECTION OFBRAZILIAN MAIL TO FOREIGN DESTINATIONS

From “Correio-Mor” to U.P.U.

The accurate study of the whole collection, and not specific sections,

is recommended, since many areas are interrelated

“Correio-Mor” in BrazilThe “Correio-Mor’’ postal system, under the direction of the Mata family, controlled the postal services in Portugal from 1606 to 1797 as a monopoly granted by royal edict. During this period, there wereno colonial Portuguese or postal rates marks on the correspondence. The first postal service operated in Brazil from 25.1.1663.

16

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1152 * 1795, July 27. Entire letter from Bahia to Stirlingshire, conveyed by the British brig “Chatham” (as per endorsement at top left), with British “London/Ship-Lre” marking (Rob S.5), charged with 8d. including 1d. for captain’s gratuity for overland rate to- and from London. Datestamps on arrival on reverse on 25 October. A very rare transatlantic mail in this period carried by a British vessel during the operative period of the “Correio-Mor das Cartas do Mar” system, of true great significance as being the earliest cover known originating from Brazil bearing a postal mark.

1’500

1153 * 1797, May 15. Entire letter from Pernambuco to Lisbon carried by the Portuguese corvette “Boa Fortuna”. On this date the private postal system “Correio-Mor das Cartas do Mar” had already been extinguished (16.3.1797), but only after 1.4.1799 the Portuguese Crown implemented the use of the postmarks and manuscript rate annotations. An extremely rare transatlantic mail in this short period without usage of postal entries.

250

1151 * 1768, Feb – May. ”Nau de Licença” journey, two documents providing evidence of its conveyance from Bahia to Lisbon including: mail dispatch receipt of “closed papers, sewed and sealed in a yellow linen” issued by the master of the Portuguese galley “Nau de Licença”, Matheus Potier, when calling at Bahia, in which he promised to consign the mail to the distributor of the “Casa de Suplicação” (Roy-al Supreme Court) in Lisbon, signed and dated at Bahia on 8.2; together with manuscript document stating the receipt of the closed papers by João Manuel da Costa Coelho of the “Casa de Suplicaçao”, being consigned by the master of the “Nau de Licença”. A unique assembly.

400

The Earliest Cover Bearing a Postal Mark in Brazilian Philately

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE STARTING PRICES IN THIS CATALOGUE ARE IN US $

17

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1154 * 1800, Oct 3. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to London with conveyance of the British “Coutts” brigantine, showing manuscript 80 réis single rate up to 4/8 oz, “Cor°. Do R. De Janro.” (type 1, RHM P-RJ-33 = R$ 3,000) straight-line on dispatch. The 80r. rate was altered by the British postal authorities to 2s1d, 5d being allocated to the Portuguese P.O. and 1s8d to the British including 2d to captain’s gratuity. Red “Port/British” (seldom seen) applied at Lisbon by the British consular agency and Portuguese “Lisbon”, with “Foreign Office” backstamp. British postmarks on Brazilian mail prior to the Royal Edict of 1808 are virtually unknown. Illustrated in”Catálogo Enciclopédico de Selos & Historia Postal do Brasil” by Meyer on page 96a. The earliest cover known originating from Brazil exhibiting a British consular postmark.

1’500

Postal system under control of the State since 16.3.1797, when the Queen D. Maria ended the “Cor-reio-Mor” title and incorporated ist function under the Portuguese Crown. The begining of the use of postmarks and manuscript rate markings is dated as of 1.4.1799. The Lisbon General Post Office was divided into three different administrations: “Insurance”, “Kingdom Letters” and “Foreign Letters”. In May 1798, the official link for the maritime mail to Brazil was established with two ships, leaving Lisbon every two months. During the colonial period, Fisrt Empire and even large part of the Second Empire, Brazilian ports for dispatch of mail were limited to Pará and Maranhão (Northern Line), and Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (Atlantic Line). Postmarks and mail rates were applied by the postmen at the port of origin, and fees were paid by the addressees.

Portuguese Mail in Brazil

18

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1155 * 1803-15. Two entire letters from Bahia to Guimarães (Portugal) and Lisbon at single maritime rate of 80 réis, the earlier bearing superb “Correyo Da Ba.” in green and carried by the “Santo Antonio”, the other with brown “Correio Da Ba”. An unusual duo. RHM P-BA-01+02 = R$ 5,100.

500

1156 * 1803-26. Four entire letters from Maranhão to Lisbon, of which one was charged at fourth maritime rate (1oz -1 2/8 oz), each carried by a different Portuguese ship including “Eliza”, “Incomparavel”, Camoens” and “Beviano”, all bearing framed “Maranhao” oval with two being struck in red. RHM P-MA-04+04a = R$ 6,600.

400

1157 * 1804, May 16. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon charged at 80r. single maritime rate, with very fine “Cor°. Do R. de Janro” in brown, carried by the Portuguese “Aurora” galley. RHM P-RJ-33 = R$ 3,000.

300

1158 * 1806-19. Two entire letters from Pernambuco to Lisbon and Barcellos, both showing “80” denoting the maritime rate, the former showing brown “Pernambuco” straight-line with the other bearing light strike of “Pernambuco” oval framed handstamp representing the earliest usage recorded. A very scarce duo. RHM P-PE-02+05 = R$ 24,000.

500

1159 * 1814-31. Three entire letters from Rio de Janeiro to Porto and Lisbon, two being endorsed “Navio Trajano” and “Azia Grande”, with different rates including 80, 120 and 150 réis, bearing brown “R°. De Janr°. straight-line handstamp, one with Portuguese reception “Por/Lisboa” oval in its first month of use. Fine to very fine. RHM P-RJ-34 = R$ 4,500.

300

1160 * 1813-20. Five entire letters from Bahia, Pernambuco Rio de Janeiro and Maranhão to Lisbon and Por-to, with one paying the double 120r. rate, otherwise single fees, with involvement of Portuguese “Via-monte”, “Jose Americano” and “S. Nicolao” brigs, as well as “Palmyra” schooner, each showing “Cor° Maritimo” handstamp which applied at Lisbon, representing three different types. A rare group.This postmark was used in Portugal for letters from overseas without any postal mark or applied rates, when delivered by hand to the ship’s crew or to embarked travelers in the port of origin.

400

1161 * 1814, Jan 3. Entire letter from Pernambuco to Lisbon endorsed “Conde do Vimieiro” indicating the name of the Portuguese galley to carry this correspondence, with red “80” r up to 4/8 oz and very fine “Pernambuco” straight-line in the same colour. Rare and outstandingly fine. RHM P-PE-02a = R$ 15,000.

1’000

19

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1162 * 1815, July 12. Entire letter from Bahia to Lisbon with conveyance of the Portuguese “Dourado” brig, carried at 120r. double rate up to 1 oz which paid on dispatch with green “Pagou O Porte/Do Cor-reyo” on back, accompanied by “Correyo Da Ba.” on front, also in green. Annotated and signed as confirmation of receipt by the addressee as per the “Practical Instructions for the Assistant Agents”. Oval “Franca” handstamp applied at Lisbon. One of just four covers known with this postmark indicating payment on departure. RHM P-BA-01+01P = R$ 15,600.

1’000

1163 * 1821, May 16. Entire letter from Pará to Lisbon, with the manuscript single maritime rate of 80 réis, with neat “Pará” straight-line handstamp, with involvement of the Portuguese “Conde Das Barcas” brigantine. Only six letters are known with this postmark in black, this being one of the finest examples. RHM P-PA-02 = R$ 6,500.

500

1164 * 1821-26. Two entire letters carried at single 80r. rate from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon, one placed on board the “San José Diligente”, showing “R° De Janr°.” Straight-line handstamp in brown. Very fine and scarce transatlantic mail with pre-adhesive postmarks. RHM P-RJ-35 = R$ 2,400.

250

1165 * 1822, April 30. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon, endorsed “Corr°. Maritimo” carried by “Treze de Maio”, with “R°. De Janr°” straight-line (type III with inverted “N”). The only cover re-corded in the third period (1818-1822) of service of the “Correios Maritimos”. RHM P-RJ-35.

400

1166 * 1826, Dec 9. Entire letter from Pernambuco to Lisbon, endorsed “Navegante Feliz” denoting the name of the Portuguese galley, bearing hexagonal “Pernambuco” handstamp and “80” rating mark, both in sepia. Only four covers are known exhibiting this postmark, this possessing the added signifi-cance of being transatlantic mail. RHM = R$ 18,000.

750

1167 * 1824-54. Portuguese Maritime Mail. 21 covers to Portugal and Spain, including scarce usages with merchant vessels conveyance, interesting postmarks with infrequent “Correios Maritimos”, “C. Est. de N.” (used in 1840-53) and “GM” (Guarda Mor). An interesting and scarce group.

750

20

11631164 ex

11651166

11701167 ex

1160 ex

21

1171 1172 ex

1173

1174

1175

1180

11811182

22

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1168 * 1826, June 2. Cover (two back flaps missing) from Montevideo to London, bearing neat “Montv°.” Straight-line in red , carried by British “Lord Hobart” packet, charged with 2£16s matching with “4” (manuscript) times the “Oz at 14s/- per Oz” handstamp which applied at the Foreign Office on arrival on correspondence originating from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Peru, this being superbly struck. A very rare cover in this highly interesting period of occupation, with just four covers record-ed bearing this Montevideo handstamp, this being unique with this postmark and addressed to Great Britain. RHM P-UR-01 = R$ 20,000.

2’000

1169 * 1827, Aug 23. Entire letter from Montevideo to Villa da Feira (Portugal), with composite maritime rate of 180 réis, 100r. being paid for the distance Montevideo-Rio de Janeiro plus 80r. for Rio de Janeiro-Lisbon, bearing red “Montv°” postmark on dispatch and sepia transit “R°. De Jan°.” postmark with inverted “N”. At that time, the postal connection between the Cisplatina Province and Portugal was based on the Rio de Janeiro P.O. Only from 19.7.1828 mail originating from Brazil received the same treatment in Portugal as given to mail from other foreign countries. One of just four covers known bearing the Montevideo postmark during the Brazilian occupation, with the added extraordinary significance of being combined with a Brazilian postmark. RHM P-UR-O1+P-RJ-35 = R$ 21,200+.

1’500

In 1816 Portuguese-Brazilian forces invaded the Banda Oriental of Uruguay resulting in the capture of Montevideo in January 1817. After Brazil had achieved independence on 7.9.1822, the annexed territory, under the name of Cisplatina Province, became part of the Empire of Brazil. Nevertheless, the recognition of independence was only obtained in 1826.

Brazilian Occupation of Uruguay - Cisplatina Province (1822-1828)

23

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1171 * 1828, Nov 8. Entire letter from Pará to Lisbon, with involvement of the Portuguese “Júnior” brig, bearing “Pará” straight-line in yellow. On the date of dispatch an erroneous rate of 80 réis, instead of the recently increased fee of 160 réis, was charged, probably due to the short time (about three months) required for receiving the official communication. One of about five covers recorded with this postmark in yellow. RHM P-PA-02a = R$ 15,000.

750

1172 * 1829-38. Two entire letters from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon and London, the earlier charged at single “160” rate with “R°. De Janr°” postmark (RHM P-RJ-36) carried by the Portuguese “Pedro” brig; the other placed on board of British “Hope” packet at single 3s6d rate, showing framed “Rio De Ja-neiro” (RHM P-RJ-37) which is the only example believed to exist in red. Minor faults to covers.

400

1173 * 1841, Nov 26. Cover from Santos to Montevideo at 40 réis single internal maritime rate, with fine black “Santos” within fish decorative postmark on dispatch and hardly visible “Rio/De/Janeiro” cir-cled transit (P-RJ-38a). Couple of insect holes not affecting the markings. A scarce postmark on out-going correspondence. RHM P-SP-40a = R$ 1,500.

150

1174 * 1843, July 11 Entire letter from Santa Catarina to Buenos Aires, paying the overland rate to Rio with “40” réis, with reverse showing notation and signature by the postman “Silva” including “36” réis rate and “Franca” denoting the maritime fee between Brazilian ports to have been paid in advance, bearing Santa Catharina and Rio de Janeiro datestamps. One of the few covers known in this period demonstrating the pre-payment of the maritime fee.

200

1175 * 1851. Envelope addressed by the Department of State, probably originating from Washington, to Maranham Island (Maranhão, Brazil), carried free of charge as diplomatic mail and placed on board an American packet to the Pará State in Brazil where “Bishop, Norris & Co.” forwarded agents where responsible for carriage, denoted by dry seal at top left (unique thus), following consignment to the Brazilian P.O. of Grampará confirmed by octagonal red h.s. with manuscript date (10.6.1851). An ex-traordinary and fascinating usage involving diplomatic mail, forwarding agent and the Brazilian mails, also representing the only recorded usage of this forwarding agent in Brazil.

300

1176 * “The Forwarder Agents in the Empire of Brazil”. 1835-1880, the magnificent collection contain-ing 56 covers addressed to foreign destinations, mostly knowledgeably written up on leaves, including involvement of different shipping companies, several postal conventions, scarce franked items including “Verticais” & “Dom Pedro” Issues, rare combinations of different agents, unique items demonstrating unrecorded usages, additional features with better destinations such as Spain, Denmark, interesting maritime postmarks, etc. A patiently and conscientiously gathered assembly of great significance. View-ing recommended. (Photo on page 28)

2’000

1170 * 1826, June 2. Cover from Montevideo to London charged 17s/6d with London Foreign Office “Oz at 14s/- per Oz” handstamp preceded by manuscript “1 ¼ x”. One of the few covers recorded during the Brazilian occupation of Uruguay, three of which being addressed to Great Britain.

300

From 19.7.1828 mail originating from Brazil received the same treatment in Portugal as given to mail from other foreign countries. On 5.3.1829 Brazil implemented a postal reform in which Article 61 arranged for advanced payment of postage rates to Portugal. Regarding the mail destined to other foreign countries the Brazilian authorities were not involved; all applicable rates, except internal post-age within Brazil, were the responsability of the destination post office and charged to the addressee.

Brazilian Stampless Mail

Please call our officices to arrange for telephone bidding prior to the sale

+41 91 911 62 00

Phone Bidding

24

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1177 * 1843, 60r. black, late printing, a large margined example on reverse of envelope to Marseilles, used in mixed franking with 1845 “Inclinados” 30r. black, worn impression, type II, vertical pair torn on opening, three good margins, being cut slightly into in part of upper margin, showing re-entries in bottom adhesive, tied by “Pelotas” straight-line from the pre-adhesive period, extremely rare in red, which repeated on front, with the stamps being required to pay the single maritime rate between Brazilian ports to Rio de Janeiro, where it was consigned to the British P.O., which is confirmed by “Rio-Janeiro” double arc dated 9 September 1850, then embarked on the “Penguin” to Falmouth and carried at the single rate, with London backstamp. Front also showing ”Colonies/& C. Art. 13” accountancy marking with English credit rate of 3s 4d, red French entry and “15” décimes debit on arrival. Several imperfections affecting the franking and the envelope, being of absolutely no signifi-cance for an item which represents a highly important feature as the only genuine cover exhibiting a “Bull’s Eye”- “Inclinados” mixed franking. Indeed one of just six covers known with “Bull’s Eyes” addressed to a foreign destination, as well as being the only cover recorded bearing the “Bull’s Eyes” originating from Pelotas, with these added features clearly augmenting the high desirability of this gem of Brazilian and Latin American philately. An exhibition item of the ut-most calibre for its visually impressive mixed franking. RHM 2, 5. Ex Koester.

20’000

The “Bull’s Eyes” - “Inclinados” Mixed Franking on Cover

Mail Bearing Brazilian Adhesives

25

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1178 * 1844, “Inclinados” on “Bull’s Eye” paper, 90r. black, type I, and 30r. black, type I, detailed impres-sions of the early printing, two well margined examples both tied by “Correio de Caxias” double circle with manuscript date, on 16 December 1844 entire letter to Braga (Portugal), paying a single internal maritime rate not exceeding ½ oz to port of transatlantic embark, in this case being Maranhão, with cds on front, which was directly linked with Porto, where it received the blue datestamp and was charged with “190” (manuscript) including 30 réis for overland mail on arrival.The city of Caxias is located on the right bank of the Itapicurú River, 60 leagues upstream, and at that time a river port. The letter was very probably carried by river boat to Maranhão, and consequently the lo-cal Postmaster, misinterpreting the Postal Regulations, charged the sender for the single sea postage, instead of the appropriate single 60 réis rate for the overland connection between Caxias and Maranhão. It should be noted that the use of postage stamps and new postal rates were just starting.Only two covers are known in this issue originating from Caxias. One of no more than five covers known from the “Inclinados” Issue addressed to a transatlantic destination, this deserving an enhanced valuation as representing the only example known of this group franked with the rare “Bull’s Eye” paper values. RHM 5B, 7B. Ex Koester.

3’000

One of Five Covers Known in the “Inclinados” Issue Addressed

to a Transatlantic Destination

Unique Bearing the "Bull's Eye" Paper Issue

26

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1179 * 1845, 60r. black, fine impression, type II, vertical pair cut slightly into at base, otherwise very good margins, applied on reverse of cover from Rio Grande to Jersey (Channel Islands, England), paying the single inland maritime rate to port of embarkation for transatlantic conveyance by British packet, previously carried by the Brazilian “Todos Os Santos”, tied by Rio Grande red cds, as well as London transit cds, endorsed “Care of Messr. Arbtib Nutman & Co.” denoting forwarding agent involvement in Rio for delivery to the British P.O., with “Rio-Janeiro/Jy 19 1849” double arc and Jersey arrival on front, rated at 2s 9d to destination. A very significant and desirable cover representing one of no more than five recorded bearing the “Inclinados” Issue addressed to a transatlantic destination, of which only two were forwarded through a British Post Office in Brazil. RHM 6. Ex Koester.

1’500

One of Five Covers Known in the “Inclinados” Issue Addressed

to a Transatlantic Destination

27

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1180 * 1850, 20r. black, vertical strip of three possessing good margins, used to pay the single rate to Portugal on 23.12.1866 entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon, tied by cork cancels with matching cds at top, rated “150” on receipt, up to 2 octaves, according to the table for subsidized packets. Carried by the “Ligne du Brésil”-“Estremadure”. Small surface scuffs impinging on the adhesives and cover with portion of paper loss restored. A very rare multiple on cover with only three examples recorded, this being infrequently applied on front. RHM 12. Ex Kuyas.

300

1181 * 1850, 30r. black, left sheet-margin strip of four, cut slightly into at top left, otherwise good margins, and large margined pair overlapping at right the edge of 7.10.1871 envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon, clearly tied on dispatch. Brazilian triple prepaid postage (1860 Brazil-France Convention) of 180r., with “450” up to 30 grams applied on arrival after disembarking the “Gironde”. A very fine and unusual rate to Portugal. RHM 13.

400

1182 * 1850, 60r. black, a well margined vertical pair on 29.8.1851 entire letter from Vila Franca to Porto, paying the double overland rate to port of embarkation, tied by framed “VA. Franca” handstamp, then consigned to the RMSP “Severn” from Rio (cds) calling at Lisbon where blue transits and brown oval due marking where applied, being charged at Porto for a total of 220 réis. Small cover edge splitting. RHM 14.

200

1183 * 1850, 60r. black, a large margined pair, on May 1st, 1852 entire letter initially carried by the Portu-guese “Destino” from Lisbon to Campos, where the franking was required to sent back this entire to Lisbon via the RMSP “Severn”, tied by blurred h.s. on dispatch and Portuguese “Ley De 20-4 50”10-Rs.” due marking, additionally charged at double rate with “240” in blue accompanied by Lisbon cds and transatlantic entry on back. A very rare usage of this issue, with the added significance of being applied on front of scarce disinfected cover. RHM 14.

300

1184 * 1853, Feb 18. Entire letter from Barra do Panema-Sergipe to Lisbon, paying the single maritime rate to Bahia within Brazil with “Verticais” 60r. vertical pair on reverse, imperfections at right, tied by “Sergipe” framed postmark, with Bahia cds on front around 22 months after this letter was dated, then consigned to the “Pampero” of the “South American & General Steam Navigation Co.”, with Lisbon entry and “160” due marking. Rare Portuguese framed “Abatida” on its very probably latest date of use, which was applied to letters that for any reason were removed from the remittance invoices for foreign mail, with postage to be paid by the recipient. A very rare franked mail with involvement of this navigation company. RHM 14.

300

1185 * 1850, 60r. black, marginal vertical pair from the top of the sheet, clear to enormous margins, tied by dispatch cds on 6.7.1866 entire letter from Rio Grande do Sul to Manchester via Rio de Janeiro, where embarked on the French “Navarre”. Anglo-French “FR/2F96C” exchange mark indicating French credit from the British P.O. for a partially or not prepaid letter, then embarked on the “Delph” (en-dorsement) and charged 1s 6d on delivery. The correct postage to be applied on dispatch should have been 200r., nevertheless since the letter left Rio Grande just five days after a decree establishing a new postal rate came into force, it is very likely that the notice of the rate alteration had not arrived at the local post offices, with the consequence of the letter receiving the “Insufficiente” oval h.s. (on back) at Rio. Very interesting and rare. RHM 14.

300

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE STARTING PRICES IN THIS CATALOGUE ARE IN US $

28

11831184

1176 ex

29

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1186 * 1850, 60r. black, a spectacular vertical pair with complete sheet-margin at left and vertical strip of four, predominantly good margins, on reverse of 23.4.1865 entire letter to Buckau (Prussia), insufficiently franked for the 430 réis rate according to the Brazil-France Convention also including British convey-ance, carried by RMSP “Parana”, Stamps tied by “Barra/De/S. João” oval and “Insufficiente” in red, with front showing Rio de Janeiro transit and French entry, manuscript “F. 38”, erroneously applied instead of the F. 39 as per French-Prussian Convention, “10” gröschen blue crayon. Aachen transit on back. Cover edge imperfections at right. A rare and very attractive cover. RHM 14.

750

1187 * 1865, Feb 14. Entire letter from Campinas to Kilkascan (Ireland), endorsed “Post paid throughout – Affranchie”, franked at single rate as per 1860 Brazil-France Convention with 1850 large margined 300r. black, tied in transit at Rio de Janeiro by dotted rectangle, Rio and Bahia cds’s, placed on board the “Bearn” with corresponding octagonal datestamp (Salles fig. 1.009), then Framed “P.D.”, London transits confirming prepayment of postage and Irish Cork and Ballyneen cds’s on reverse. The “Bearn” sunk on 27.2.1860, when it was sailing 1 mile off-shore and 47 miles south of Bahia; the French mail bag was saved and transferred to the British “Parana”, which left Bahia on 14 March. A fascinating cover involved in the sinking of the “Bearn”, further enhanced by being addressed to a most unusual destination and bearing a Brazilian franking with a high denomination. RHM 17.

600

1188 * 1850, 300r., 60r. and 20r. black, clear to predominantly large margins, tied by dispatch cds on May 21, 1864 cover from Rio de Janeiro to Montevideo, showing red framed “P.P.” h.s. alongside. Carried by the “Saintonge”, prepaying the double rate to the River Plate. Negligible vertical crease hardly imping-ing on the 20r and 60r values, not detracting from this rare franking, with the added significance of being unusually applied on front. RHM 12, 14, 17.

400

1189 * 1850, “Verticais” Issue. Group of 14 covers to Uruguay, Portugal, Italy and Spain, just one item car-ried inland, with frankings including 30r. block of four or pairs, 60r. single or pair as well as strips of three and four to pay the 430r. rate, 300r. single franking, interesting cover showing forwarding agent cachet which is rare used in combination with this issue, etc. An unusual lot showing an interesting range of postal history features in this issue.

750

30

1185

1187

1188

1189 ex

1192

1193 1194

31

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1190 * 1850-61, “Verticais” 180r. black together with “Coloridos” 10r. blue, both well margined on 15.7.1861 entire letter from Bahia to Buenos Aires, each tied by “Correio Da Bahia” star within dou-ble oval accompanied by dispatch cds, paying the single rate to La Plata according to the 1860 Brazil-France Convention and carried by the “Saintonge”. The “PP” h.s. was mysteriously not applied. A rare and very fine mixed-issues franking. RHM 16, 19.

750

1191 * 1850, 180r. black, well margined vertical pair in combination with 1854-61 10r. blue, vertical pair with full sheet-margin at left, cut slightly into at base, each neatly tied by dotted rectangles on back of March 22, 1865 entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Aires, dispatch cds on front and red framed “P.P.”. The franking paid the double rate to Argentina as per 1860 Brazil-France Convention, with conveyance of the “Ligne Annexe de la Plata”-“Saintonge”. A visually impressive and extremely rare franking. RHM 16, 19.

1’500

32

1195

1196

1197

1198

12001201

1202 1205

33

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1192 * 1854-61, 10r. blue, a large margined vertical block of six, tied by cork cancels on dispatch on reverse of July 27, 1868 entire letter from Bahia to Figueira, fully paying the single rate to Portugal, with Lis-bon transatlantic cds adjacent after carriage of the French “Navarre”, Bahia cds on front. Manuscript Portuguese due of 150 réis. Multiple affected by few creases and thinned in two positions, nevertheless above average state of preservation encountered when sealing letters. A scarce multiple on cover. RHM 19. Ex Lima.

300

1193 * 1854-61, 30r. blue, spectacular vertical pair with complete sheet margin at right, cut into at top and base, applied on reverse of 27.6.1865 entire letter (opens well for display) to Figueira, tied by double oval with star of Bahia on dispatch, fully prepaying the single rate to Portugal. Lisbon transatlantic entry in purple, “150” due marking on front. Carried by the French “Guienne”. RHM 20.

300

1194 * 1854-61, 30r. blue, pair cut very slightly into on two sides, just tied on dispatch, paying the single rate according to the France-Brazil Convention to Portugal on 26.3.1866 entire letter from Bahia to Figuei-ra, carried to Lisbon by the French “Ligne du Brésil”-“Estremadure”, Portuguese entries at Lisbon and single “150” charge. Small acid ink erosion in centre of upper cover edge, of no importance. RHM 20.

250

1195 * 1854-61, 280r. red, cut into at upper right corner, otherwise large margins, on 25.10.1862 cover from Rio de Janeiro to Genoa, carried by the French “Bearn”, with 150r. being underpaid according to the single 430r. rate to Italy, with “Insufficiente” oval h.s. of Rio twice struck, one being applied over the erroneously struck “P.D.” h.s. The stamp tied by dotted rectangle of Rio, charged “12” décimes in manuscript. An unusual insufficiently prepaid cover. RHM 21.

400

1196 * 1854-61, large margined 280r. vermilion, prepaying the single rate to France on 24.7.1863 cover from Rio de Janeiro to Bergerac, tied by dotted rectangle with matching dispatch cds , red “P.D.” and French entry alongside. Carried by the “Navarre”. Stamp with corner cease in margin and lettersheet crumpled and reinforced in places. RHM 21. Cert. Holcombe.

250

1197 * 1866, Sept 19. Envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Domfront (France), carried by the French “Estrema-dure” at double rate with “Verticais” 20r. strip of three, well margined, in mixed franking with “Dom Pedro” 500r., tied by cork cancels with corresponding Rio cds alongside, “P.D.” and French entry in red. Envelope with paper strengthening along edges. According to Comelli, only three covers are recorded bearing a strip of three of this 20r. denomination, this representing a mixed franking. RHM 12, 29.

400

1198 * 1869, Feb 7. Cover from Rio de Janeiro carried by the RMSP “La Plata” to Pernambuco, accordingly prepaid (Brazil-England Convention) with “Verticais” 30r. two large margined vertical pairs, in mixed franking with “Dom Pedro” 100r., each tied by cork cancel with matching cds on dispatch adjacent. A scarce franking. RHM 13, 27.

400

1199 * 1870, June 6. Envelope from Petrópolis to Marseilles, bearing 1850 90r. three copies with large mar-gins except for one just touched at top left, together with perforated 1866 100r. tied on departure with Petrópolis French-type cds adjacent, insufficiently prepaid for the double 560r. rate to France and consequently charged “16” décimes as fully unpaid on receipt as per Convention, after application of red “Insuficiente” oval at Rio de Janeiro. Paris and arrival backstamps. A very rare unpaid cover bearing a mixed franking. RHM 15, 17.

400

1200 * 18733, June 6. Envelope from Pará to New York, conveyed by the American “Ontario” sailing for the “New York & Brazil Steamship Co.”, carried at single rate as per Brazil-USA Convention of 1870 with 1850 well margined 180r., in mixed franking with 1866 20r. and 100r., tied by dotted lozenges, also showing blue “Correio Geral/Do Pará.” And red “New York/Paid All” datestamps. Scarce. RHM 16, 24a, 27.

400

1201 * 1871, July 7. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Barcelona, bearing large margined 1850 300r. in combina-tion with 1866 20r., tied on departure, French-type cds and red “P.P.” alongside, then conveyed by the French “Gironde” via Lisbon, hence carried overland via Badajoz and consequently charged “1 Pesetas.” on arrival. The franking prepaid the stipulated single postage for Spain to the French border. A rare cover to Spain bearing a mixed-franking. RHM 17, 24.

500

1202 * 1869, Oct 9. Cover from Pernambuco to Buenos Aires, bearing 1850 300r. with margin-sheet at left, together with 1866 80r., following embarkation on the french “Navarre” and transferred to the “Au-nis” on its last voyage for the “Ligne Annexe ‘K’ “, at Rio de Janeiro, with cds on front and red framed “P.P.”. A scarce and very fine mixed franking to pay the double rate to Argentina. RHM 17, 26.

500

34

1207 ex

1208

1209

12101211

1212

1199

1213

35

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1203 * 1873, July 17. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Bordeaux, carried by the French “Gironde”, at the double rate to France, based on the 1860 Brazil-France Convention after the “réis” devaluation, and corre-spondingly franked by 1850 600r., just shaved at top, otherwise good margins, in mixed franking with 1866 20r. (2), tied by cork cancels with Rio de Janeiro French-type cds and framed “P.D.” alongside. “Verticais” mixed-frankings with “Dom Pedro” including the highest denomination, 600r., are very rare. Cert. Fiecchi. RHM 18, 24.

750

1204 * 1868, Feb 23. Cover from Bahia to Paris headed “Vapr Guienne”, bearing “Coloridos” 10r., ample to enormous margins, in combination with “Dom Pedro” 50r., 100r. and 200r. pair, tied by dotted grids with matching Bahia cds at left, red “P.D.” and blue entry in France tying the imperforate adhesive. Carried at double rate as per 1860 Brazil-France Convention. A unique and delightful franking. RHM 19, 25, 27, 28.

750

36

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1205 * 1877, Oct 29. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Foucurmont, carried at single rate with involvement of the PSNC “Sorata”, bearing perforated “Verticais” 60r. and 1876 100r. pair, tied on departure, with blue French entry alongside and arrival on reverse. 60r. value affected by small tear and faint corner crease, nevertheless mixed frankings including the perforated “Verticais” Issue are rare. RHM 14B, 34A.

200

1206 * 1867, Jan 22. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Montevideo, with the franking required to pay the 190r. single rate up 7.5 grams (1860 Brazil-France Convention) being 1866 perforated “Verticais” 180r. black, marginal example, in mixed franking with “Dom Pedro” 10r. vermilion, tied by dotted lozenge, French type cds on dispatch and framed “P.P.” alongside, placed on board the “Carmel”. One of just four covers recorded bearing the perforated “Verticais” 180r. value -this adhesive belong-ing to one of the scarcest and most fascinating issues of Brazilian philately-, further enhanced by being exhibited in combination franking with the “Dom Pedro” Issue. RHM 16B, 23.

2’000

1207 * 1871-73. Two Entire letters from Pernambuco to Figueira, prepaying single and double rates to Portugal, one with 1866 10r. pair and 100r., the other bearing 10r. and 50r. Single and double Portuguese charges, both initially carried by “Amorim Irmãos & Ca./Pernambuco” forwarding agent with its marking at bottom left with one including the name of the French “Gironde” packet in manuscript to be placed on board. A scarce combination of a forwarded agent usage and the “Dom Pedro” Issue. RHM 23, 27

250

1208 * 1874, Oct 7. Newspaper wrapper from Rio de Janeiro to London, franked at printed matter rate not subject to postal conventions with 1866 20r. pair, tied by cork cancels with dispatch French-type cds alongside, Foreign Bureau datestamp on arrival and payment of 6d. The PSNC “John Elder” was re-sponsible for the maritime conveyance. A scarce rate to England. RHM 24.

200

1209 * 1869, Jan 30. Entire letter from Pernambuco to Figueira, paying the single rate to Portugal with 1866 20r. brown-lilac on bluish paper, vertical strip of three with full sheet-margin at top showing “Ameri-can Bank…” imprint, cleanly tied by dotted grids with violet entry-cds at Lisbon as French transatlantic mail after being conveyed by the “Navarre”, charged “150” to be collected on delivery. The largest multiple known on cover of the unusual 20r. on bluish paper.

400

37

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1210 * 1879, June. Registered envelope (opened for display) from Bagé to La Tronquière (France), carried at single registered rate according with UPU rate which only came into force on 1st April, franked on reverse with 1866 80r. block of five, tied by concentric square cancels of Bagé, light ink stroke and Rio de Janeiro registration cds in red, with matching oval, French entry and arrival alongside. A very rare multiple on cover. RHM 26.

500

1211 * 1875, May 5. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), with 1866 100r. for Brazilian postage, tied by cork cancel with matching Rio cds alongside, endorsed “Pr. Li-dador”, this belonging to the “Companhia de Navegação Transatlântica-Linha os Açores”, charged at single “80” rate on receipt. Faint horizontal crease. The only cover so far recorded demonstrating conveyance by this Brazilian maritime company. RHM 27.

300

1212 * 1875, Feb 13. Envelope from Santa Catarina to London, bearing 1866 50r. and 100r. strip of three with faults overlapping two edges, tied by blue lozenges and French-type cds on dispatch. The cover was just paid for the single, instead of the double, rate, with red “Insuficiente” h.s. of Rio de Janeiro and “More/To/Pay” circle, charging 1s. in manuscript. “Rio-Janeiro/Paq. Fr. J N° 3” cds denoting carriage of the “Senegal”, blue “FR./2F96C” exchange marking and arrival. Some soiling and cover edge imperfections. The only cover known originating from Brazil with this British postmark denoting franking to be insufficient. RHM 25, 27.

150

1213 * 1871, Jan 9. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Santiago de Chile, endorsed “por ‘John Elder’ “ of the PSNC, franked by 1866 200r., tied on dispatch, paying the PSNC rate up to 1 oz between South American ports which was equivalent to 1s., Chilean tax indicating 15c. to be collected. One of only three covers recorded addressed to Chile in the whole Empire Period of Brazil. RHM 28.

300

1214 * 1888, Oct 10. 1877 Registered 200r. black postal stationery envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Funchal (Madeira Island), carried under the UPU rate for the single weight with additional 1866 200r., tied by cork cancel and red “Registrado” oval on dispatch, red cds alongside, Lisbon and Funchal backstamps. Slight usual soiling. Scarce. RHM 28, EN-13.

250

1215 * 1872, April 27. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Aires, paying the 220r. rate to Buenos Aires (Brazil-France Convention) with 1866 20r. (short perforations at left) and 200r., framed “P.P.” alongside. This mail was initially consigned to the French “Amazone” for conveyance to the River Plate; nevertheless the French closed bag and the French agent were transferred to the “Asiatic” of the “Liverpool, Brazil and River Plate Co.” as a result of damage suffered by the “Amazone”, which remained docked at Rio. Jut two letters are known to survive from the French closed bag conveyed by the British “Asiatic” to Buenos Aires. RHM 24, 28.

400

1216 * 1875, March 29. Cover from Rio Grande do Sul via Rio de Janeiro to London, embarked on the “Do-nati” of the “Lamport & Holt Co.”, with Brazilian single prepaid postage bearing 1866 20r. pair (one stamp creased) and 200r., tied on dispatch with French type cds alongside, Inland cds of London and 6d. to be paid to the maritime company. One of three prepaid letters are recorded to Great Britain. RHM 24, 28.

200

1217 * 1874, Feb 6. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Bordeaux, franked, according to the single rate, with “Dom Pedro” 20r., 100r. and 200r., tied by cork cancels, showing blue “P.D.” h.s., dispatch and French “Rio-Janeiro/Paq. Fr. J N° 5” cds’s, carried by the “Donnai” on its first and only voyage from South America. Only two covers are known from this packet mail-bag. RHM 24, 27, 28.

250

1218 * 1875, Dec 4. Envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Boyle (Ireland), carried at single rate as per 1875 Brazil-G.B. Convention, embarked on the French “Rio Grande” at Rio de Janeiro, where the franking was tied, showing red “Rio-Janeiro/Paq. Fr. J N° 6” cds, with arrival on reverse. Two stamps with irregu-lar perforations at right. Four-colour frankings are rare, this addressed to an unusual destination; this cover represents the earliest known carried under this postal convention. RHM 24, 25, 27, 28.

400

1219 * 1870, Jan 25. Envelope (opened for display) from Porto Alegre to Meta (Italy), conveyed by the PSNC “Araucaria”, bearing 1866 20r. and 200r. pair on back, tied by “sun” cancel with matching Porto Alegre French-type cds at top, blue Rio transit, red framed “P.P.”, “F. 57” accountancy marking and “12” due marking which crossed out and amended to “24” in manuscript as a result of a misin-terpretation of the Brazil-Italy Convention. Charged on arrival with postage due 40c. strip of three, overlapping the lower edge. Some soiling and closed tear at top. A rare mixed franking of great visual-appeal. RHM 24, 28.

500

38

12141215

1216

1217

1218

12191220

39

1222 1223

12241225

12261227

1228 1229

40

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1220 * 1869, Aug 23. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Port-Vendres, redirected to Paris, paying the dou-ble rate to France with 1866 80r. vertical pair and 200r. vertical pair, tied by cork cancels with Rio cds and red “P.D.” alongside, conveyed by the French “Guienne”. Seven backstamps including the “Ligne J” cds. Very fine. RHM 26, 28.

300

1221 * 1870, Sept 5. Registered envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Kent, franked by 1866 100r. pair and six examples of 200r., tied by cork cancels showing Rio cds adjacent, red oval “Registrada” and “P.D.”, embarked on the “Ligne J”-“Sindh”, then French “Chargé” straight-line and red British “France/Registered” cds. Double registered rate to Great Britain of 1,200 réis with 600 réis corresponding to the registration fee. Soiling and imperfections affecting some adhesives, of which one is repaired at bot-tom left, of no importance for this, the earliest registered cover so far recorded dispatched under the important and extensively applied Brazil-France Convention. Of great significance. RHM 27, 28.

1’000

1222 * 1869, Sept 22. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Montevideo, carried at quadruple rate, according to the Brazil-France Convention, by the French “Ligne Annexe”-“Aunis”, with 1866 Dom Pedro 20r. single and pair, 100r. pair and 500r., tied by cork cancels with corresponding cds adjacent, and red “P.P.” alongside as stipulated. A very scarce high franking including the highest denomination of this issue. RHM 24, 27, 29.

300

1223 * 1872, Aug 6. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Barcelona, carried at 1,280 réis quadruple rate with 1866 80r. marginal example with imprint, 200r. and 500r. pair, tied by cork cancels accompanied by dispatch cds alongside, red “P.P.” and placed on board the “Senegal”, disembarked at Lisbon and carried via Badajoz which is confirmed by cds’s on back. Negligible perforation imperfections on couple of adhe-sives. An unusually high rate to Spain. RHM 26, 28, 29.

400

1224 * 1880, Feb 29. 1877 registered 300r. postal stationery envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Copenhagen (Denmark), additionally franked for the single registered UPU rate with 1876 50r. vertical pair, tied by cork cancels and London red registration datestamp in transit, red registration postmarks on dispatch and receiver on reverse. A scarce registered mail to an unusual destination. RHM 32, EN-7.

250

1225 * 1877, May 31. Entire letter from Rio Grande to Genoa, conveyed by the RMSP “Mondego” via Lis-bon, bearing 1876 100r. (2), each tied in blue with corresponding cds on departure at left, charged on delivery with postage dues 5c., 10c., both defective at base, and fine 2l.. Insufficiently franked for the 480 réis single rate, with red Brazilian “Insufficiente” oval, the Italian due being 2.15 lire including 30c. as additional fee for missing postage. A scarce combination franking. RHM 34A.

250

1226 * 1889, Aug 9. Registered 300r. red postal stationery envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Costa Rica, addi-tionally franked with 1876 100r., postmarked by blue cds on departure, transits including Danish rose registration mark and St. Thomas backstamp. Carried at single UPU rate including 200r. registration fee, embarked on the American “Advance”. The only cover known in the entire Empire Period of Brazil addressed to Costa Rica. RHM 34A, EN-11.

250

41

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1227 * 1877, June 22. Cover from Pelotas to Chemnitz (Germany), bearing 1876 100r. (2) and 200r., tied by cork cancels with Pelotas French-type cds adjacent, backstamped on arrival. Carried at single rate as per 1873 Brazil-Germany Convention. Illustrated on page 174 of “Catálogo Enciclopédico de Selos & Historia Postal do Brasil”. Very slight imperfections at top, not detracting. Rare. RHM 34A, 35.

350

1228 * 1878, Aug 29. Entire letter from Pernambuco to New York, carried at single Berne-Convention rate and forwarded by the RMSP “Neva” to England, bearing “Percé” 10r., 50r. and 200r. with marginal imprint “…etes De Nueva York”, tied by cork cancels with corresponding cds and red London transit alongside, backstamped on arrival. Very attractive. RHM 30, 32, 35. Ex Seybold.

250

1229 * 1878, July 31. Registered envelope from Santos to Vienna, with application of the Berne Convention, consequently franked at single rate including 200 réis for registration, bearing 1876 20r. (3) and 200r. (2), tied by cork cancels, with alongside showing registration oval postmarks in blue (Santos) and red (Rio de Janeiro), as well as German registration label in transit, backstamped on receipt. A very rare and delightful cover. RHM 31, 35.

500

1230 * 1878. Oct 11. Registered envelope from Pernambuco to New York, headed “Per City of R. de Ja-neiro”, this being an American packet of “The United States & Brazil Mail Steamship Co.”, paying 460r. (1877 Berne Convention) of which 200r. being required for registration fee, with 1866 100r. (4, one adhesive overlapping the lower edge and two further examples with imperfections), as well as “Barba Branca” 20r. strip of three overlapping the edge at right, being slightly decoloured on front, all tied by scarce “Correio de Pernambuco/Registrada” registration oval datestamp. A rare registered franking on cover to the U.S.A. RHM 27, 38.

400

1231 * 1882, April 13. 3Kr. Austrian postal stationery card from Graz to Rio de Janeiro, additionally franked with 1867 2Kr., 3Kr. (2) and 5Kr., making up a decorative four-colour franking, tied on dispatch by registration datestamp, redirected back to Graz on arrival after application, over three Austrian adhe-sives, of “Barba Branca” 20r. two pairs covering the postcard UPU rate, tied by cork cancels and Rio de Janeiro cds, then delivered to the French “Equateur” which corroborated by “Ligne/Paq. Fr. N° 2” cds at base. This postal artefact was dispatched with the purpose of testing the time required to forward mail between Austria and Brazil. A stunning exhibition item franking representing the only Austrian-Brazilian combination franking recorded in the classic and early post-classic period. RHM 38.

1’000

1232 * 1879, Feb 3. Envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Marietta (USA), prepaying single postage with “Barba Branca” 260r., tied by cork cancel on dispatch, conveyed by the American “Hartford” as corroborated by the neat blue cachet which illustrated with packet. “New York-Paid All” duplex on reverse. Cover opened along three edges. Extremely rare. RHM 43. Ex Koester.

300

1233 * 1886, May 17. Registered envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Hannover (Germany), paying the single registered rate as per UPU Convention with “Barba Branca” 80r. and 300r., in unusual mixed frank-ing with “Cabeça Grande” 10r., two examples with imperfections, postmarked by registration h.s. on dispatch, showing “Depois da hora” postmark alongside denoting late hour dispatch. Backstamps in-cluding Rio and receiver. German packet conveyance. The only cover known demonstrating the usage of this late hour postmark. RHM 40, 44, 52.

300

42

12301232

1233 1234

1235

1237

1238 ex 1239

43

March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1234 * 1884, May 5. 1867 200r. postal stationery envelope from Uruguay via Montevideo to Ramsgate (Great Britain), framed dispatch datestamp in violet, forwarded via Salto in Uruguay with framed “Transito/Salto”, Montevideo cds and “Southampton/Ship Letter” denoting conveyance by RMSP packet. Ex-tremely rare, with fewer than five covers recorded following this extraordinary rate. RHM EN-3.

200

1235 * 1887, Aug 12. 1867 200r. postal stationery envelope showing blue Pureza cds on departure, endorsed “pr. S.S. Orénoque”, addressed to Cologne in Germany, redirected to Bochum after application of German Empire 1880-86 10pf. tied by Cologne cds, with backstamps including Rio de Janeiro and Bochum. A very rare combination franking. RHM EN-3.

300

1236 * 1866-78, “Dom Pedro” Issues. A remarkable balance comprising 32 covers, mainly written-up on exhibition pages, all except three being addressed to twelve different foreign destinations, includ-ing multiples with blocks of four, insufficiently paid postage, registered mail, mixed frankings with “Coloridos”, rare printed matter rates paying covers to unusual destinations such as Newfoundland and Holland, the only cover known sent abroad with the “Caixa Geral” h.s., etc. A comprehensive and valuable assembly, with the great majority being very fine.

1’500

1237 * 1888, June 30. Envelope from Rio de Janeiro to Caracas, endorsed via “Barbados” and franked with 1888 100r. (2) tied by very rare “Directoria Geral dos Correios/Sala de Franqueamiento/Brazil” datestamp (unique on mail sent abroad), with British small cds of Trinidad and “T” within heart h.s. alongside, carried by American packet. Reverse with cachet of the Venezuelan Consulate at Rio de Janeiro. Very rare. RHM 65.

150

1238 * 1882-99. Lot of 24 franked postcards/covers to USA, Argentina, Belgium, France, Germany, Swit-zerland, carried at UPU rates, including registered mail and one unusual “Barba Branca” – “Cabeça Grande” mixed franking.

300

1239 * 1840, Sept 5. Entire letter from Rio Grande to William Henry in Canada, privately carried from Rio de Janeiro where delivered to the American “Midas” packet, postage of 1s 6 ½d, 11 ½ d corresponding to the maritime fee with the other 7d covering the distance USA-Canada, collected on delivery. New York and Montreal transits on front. A very rare destination.

200

1240 * 1825-60, North American Maritime Mail. 16 covers addressed to USA carried by American Navy and merchant packets which operated before the outbreak of the American Civil War, including two items with very unusual use of Brazilian forwarding agents.

300

Foreign Maritime Carriage

1241 * 1822, April 20. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Francomont (Belgium), with carriage of Belgian “Elipse” packet, bearing red “Antwerpen” straight-line at port of entry, then forwarded to destination by “Hewenith & Vymenam” forwarding agents as per manuscript endorsement on reverse. Single rate of “5” décimes charged to the addressee. A rare usage in this early period.

250

1242 * 1845, Feb 28. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Epernay (France), carried by the Belgian “Republick” as endorsed at top left, entering Europe at Antwerp with cds and framed “Pays D’Outremer”, French transit at Valenciennes and arrival on reverse. Charged with “3” décimes to the recipient. Rare.

250

1243 * 1848, April 17. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to London, headed “pr. Anna Catharine – Antwerp” denot-ing carriage of Belgian packet, arriving at Antwerp, confirmed by framed “Pays D’Outremer” in red with matching backstamp, as well as “Après le Départ”, charged “1/-“ on arrival. A rare usage.

250

Belgian Mail

American Mail

44

1236 ex

45

1249

1240 ex

1241

1242

1243

1244

1248

46

Brazil

Starting Price US $

1244 * 1850, March 22. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Dresden, placed on board a Belgian packet bound for Antwerp, with Belgian framed “Belg: 2E R:” in green according to the Belgian-Prussian Convention and used by the travelling postal agent, charged “119” pfennigs on arrival, with Prussian backstamps. An extremely rare destination following this route, confirmed by being the only letter known originating from Brazil with this postmark.

400

1245 * 1878, Feb 4. Printed matter to Le Havre with 1866 80r. violet, paying the printed matter rate accord-ing to the 1870 Brazil-Belgium Convention, tied by cork cancel with indistinct cds in centre and red French entry overstruck. Reverse showing unclear strike of “Brésil/Paq. Belge” of Antwerp. Envelope with three corners reduced with the purpose of showing the content. The only printed matter mail so far recorded carried under this Convention, with the added significance of possessing this very rare Belgian maritime postmark. RHM 26.

750

1246 * 1878, June 9. Envelope from Porto Feliz to Bordeaux, bearing the single 260r. rate based on the 1877 Berne Convention with 1876 80r. pair and 100r., tied by cds on departure, with Belgian “Belg. Amb. Quievrain D” cds alongside. Carried to Antwerp by the “Société de Navigation Royale Belge Sud-Americane”, this being a subsidiary company of the “Lamport & Holt Line”. Reverse including several Brazilian and French transits and rare “Brésil/Paq. Belge” cds (Delbeke ‘R’), which confirms this letter to have been carried under Belgian postal contract. Trivial folds along two cover edges. A very rare and fascinating cover with this Belgian maritime postmark. RHM 33, 34.

750

detail of reverse

detail of reverse

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March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1247 * 1883, Nov 30. Postcard to Bruxelles paying single postage as per 1879 UPU Convention with “Cabeça Pequena” 200r., tied by Rio de Janeiro cds which is repeated alongside. Reverse showing receiver and “Brésil/Paq. Belge” cds (Delbeke ‘R’), corroborating this item to have been conveyed by a Belgian packet. In above average quality, exhibiting a very rare usage of this Belgian postmark. RHM 50.

1’000

British Mail

1248 * 1807, Dec 13. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Providence (USA), conveyed by the British “Huron” en route to Reunion via Rio de Janeiro and Cape of Good Hope, disembarked at Cape Town and transferred to an American packet heading for USA. British maritime rate of 4s and “Ship Letter/Cape of Good Hope” crowned double oval, both applied at Cape, charged with “70” cents, four times the basic rate plus 2c ship fee, to be paid by the addressee. Red New York entry and “Ship” postmark. A very early and consequently rare usage of the Cape postmark on cover following an extraordinary route. Of great fascination.

400

1249 * 1814, Jan 19. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Guernsey, carried via Devonport where the “ShipLre/Plymouth Dock” crowned oval (type S.2) in red was applied. Charged at single rate of 1s 4d with 4d corresponding to the maritime fee to Devonport, plus 3d for the Weymouth-Guernsey link, the rest corresponding to overland postage. Very fine, in the last month of use of this postmark. Ex Robertson.

200

1250 * 1824-25. Two entire letters to Lisbon carried by British merchant vessel via Gibraltar without passing through the Brazilian mails. One item rated “90” on arrival and bearing red “De Gibr./S. Roque/Anda. Baxa” h.s. demonstrating entry in Spain after transiting through Gibraltar. Very few items recorded.

250

48

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1252

12541255

1256 1257

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March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1251 * 1825, March 3. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon via Falmouth, conveyed by British packet paying 3s7d for the Rio de Janeiro-Falmouth portion of the journey including captain’s gratuity. On arrival at Falmouth the “William Broad & Son” forwarding agent was responsible to re-dispatch the letter to Lisbon, with application of the 1s 7d rate to Portugal. Reverse showing Falmouth datestamps including green “Brazil/F” (type FP.2). Addressee charged with 350 réis matching previously applied British rates. Scarce.

250

1252 * 1830, Oct 28. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Basel (Switzerland), initially directed to Jean Donnet, forwarding agent, in Antwerp, with its address being crossed out and then addressed to final destina-tion with “Franco/Grenzen” red Prussian transit, charged “38” cents on delivery. Carried by the Irish “Seitte” packet, confirmed by “Skibbereen/Ship Letr” transit (type S.1), with British maritime rate of 8d. Unique on cover from Brazil.

200

1253 * 1833, Oct 12. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to London (Huth correspondence) conveyed by the British “Hube”, rated 3s 6d comprising 1s 4d double British maritime fee plus 2s 2d double overland postage, with red “Ship Letter” in manuscript with matching superb “Dungarvan/97” h.s. (crossed by vertical filing crease, of no importance), which is not recorded by Robertson. Waterford and ar-rival backstamps. A significant rarity of the British maritime postal history representing the only recorded example of this postmark. Ex T.V. Roberts and Stone.

750

1254 * 1834, April 19. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to London (Huth correspondence) via Channel Islands, with maritime carriage being completed by the “Caroline”, showing neat “Guernsey/Ship Letter” h.s. (type S.2) reception and transit. Initially charged at double 3s 6d rate, being later amended to 1s 9d as single rate with 8d corresponding to the Rio-Guernsey and 3d to the Guernsey-Weymouth portions of the journey. This example pre-dates by four days the earliest usage recorded by Robertson, consequently this cover is believed to the earliest known with this unusual postmark.

500

1255 * 1842, Aug 16. Entire letter from Pernambuco to Saddleworth, privately carried to England, probably by a merchant vessel, and then posted at Liverpool, following payment of 1841 1d for local transmis-sion. Slight horizontal crease at top. An exceptional usage.

200

1256 * 1845, March 31. Entire letter from Bahia to London (Huth correspondence), carried by merchant vessel to Gibraltar, where consigned to the post by “San Savares” forwarding agent as per manuscript endorse-ment on back, with framed “Gibraltar” arc-type, paying the single maritime fee of 2s to Great Britain. An exceptional usage for collectors of postal history of Brazil and Gibraltar, with only three covers known.

250

1257 * 1847, May 5. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to London carried by the Irish “Antelope” landing at Cork on 17 July, confirmed by “Cork/Ship Letter” two-lines handstamp (type S.11), just used in blue in 1847, then forwarded via Dublin to London, following payment of 2s up to 1 ½ oz. Scarce.

150

50

1258 1259

1260

1262

12651267

1263 ex

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Starting Price US $

1258 * 1848, Oct 21. Cover endorsed “p. Thomas Battersly – Lvpool” from Pernambuco to London (Huth correspondence), at 8d single maritime rate up to ½ oz with fine two-lines “Kinsale/Ship Letter” h.s. (type S.1), used in blue in 1848, with matching double arc and arrival on reverse. Ex Stone.

200

1259 * 1853, Sept. 1st. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Finland, conveyed by the RMSP “Tay”, bearing Lombard Street Maltese-cross datestamp, then entering Ostende via Germany with Aachen backstamp and neat “3 ½ /Groschen” due marking and Finnish charge of 33 kopeks in manuscript on reverse. A very rare destination.

150

1260 * 1853, Oct 9. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Genoa (Sardinia), conveyed by the “Brasileira” of the “South American & General Steam Navigation Co.”, with framed green “Liverpool/Ship/No 5 1853 /C” h.s. (Robertson S.18), London, Calais and “Via Di/Pt. Beauvoisin” transits. “Colonies/& c. Art. 13” accountancy marking indicating English credit of 3s 4d. French tax of 17 décimes. Scarce.

150

1261 * 1854, Nov 30. Entire letter from Rio de Janeiro to Copenhagen (Denmark), consigned to the Brit-ish P.O. with double-arc “Rio-Janeiro” despatch backstamp placed on board the “Imperador” of the “South American & General Steam Navigation Co.”. Initial British postage of 2s 8d which made void and substituted by correct 1s postage (1853 Convention), then “23” gröschen and “83” öre manu-script charges. German Hamburg entry and Danish Hamburg-P.O. backstamps. The excellent strike of the green “South-Amern./Liverpool/Packet” of this short-lived Company is one of the just six recorded by Howat, this being probably the finest.

500

1262 * 1855, June 17. Printed matter letter from Bahia to Genoa (Sardinia), directly consigned to the RMSP “Solent” without involvement of the Brazilian mails, bearing framed “Table-3/Art-19” (Salles fig. 1.167), with associated French “15” due on front as per regulations. This exchange handstamp is only known as being used on printed matters from Bahia between 1853 and 1855, and it refers to the amount charged to the French Postal Administration for printed-matter mail carried by maritime means and carried overland through France to other continental countries. Just two covers are so far recorded exhibiting this postmark, this being undoubtedly the finest.

500

52

1270

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1268 ex

1271

1266

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March 16, 2012 - Lugano

Starting Price US $

1263 * 1859, Dec. Two entire letters from Bahia to Porto and from Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon, both conveyed by the Portuguese “Portugal”, one bearing fine blue “Real Companhia Anglo-Luso Brasileira/Agen-cia de Bahia”, the other with faint strike of the agency at Rio de Janeiro. A rare duo.

250

1264 * 1860. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Paris, directly consigned to the “Real Companhia Anglo-Luso Brasileira” following application of “Comp. Anglo Luso Brasil./Rio de Janeiro” double oval, then embarked on the “Portugal” on its first voyage from Brazil arriving on 26.1.1860 at the Welsh port of Milford Haven with blue “Ship Letter/Milford” crown within double oval h.s. (Robertson S.2) and “A/Milford” cds, with Anglo-French accountancy marking on front and “16” décimes due.As stated by Robertson, this Milford postmark was withdrawn during 1793-1815 (?), with a remarkable “re-appearance” of this oval in 1860. Illustrated in his handbook on page E. 213, stating this handstamp to be: “one of the intriguing mysteries of the English ship-letter story”.One of just two covers known originating from Brazil with this crown postmark, at the same time being one of four letters recorded with the circular “A/Milford” cds. Ex Robertson.

600

1265 * 1868, March 13. Cover from Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Aires, franked for inland postage with 1866 100r., tied by cork cancel, carried by the “City of Brussels” which sailed under Belgian flag but in serv-ice for the British “Tait & Co.”. Some wrinkles to cover. One of just seven covers known conveyed by this maritime company. RHM 27.

200

1266 * 1868, May 4. Printed matter from Pernambuco to Bordeaux, placed on board the RMSP “Seine”, with Anglo-French “GB/2FPK” hexagonal accountancy marking for printed matter (Salles fig. 3045), red French entry and French “15c” due (Salles fig. 1.172). Very fine and scarce.

150

1267 * 1869, Nov. Cover (opened for display) from Rio Grande to Hamburg, placed on board the PSNC “Patagonia” at Rio to Bordeaux, with 1866 100r. on reverse, tied by dispatch cds, as well as blue Rio de Janeiro cancels, showing Brazilian “Insuficiente” oval in red on front, as the correct postage to be applied should have been 200r. according to a public notice of 1.3.1867 for mail not subjected to postal conventions. Bordeaux and Aachen blue transits, “F. 48” French-German exchange mark and “10” gröschen to collect. Scarce underpaid mail to Germany. RHM 27.

200

1268 * British “Ship Letter” postmarks on mail originating from Brazil. 1827-55, a comprehensive collec-tion containing 47 covers, with the majority being mounted and highly detailed written-up on exhibition pages, showing 31 different types of handstamps from Portsmouth, Liverpool, Bristol, Cork, Cove, Wey-mouth, Brighton, Folkstone, Dover, Swansea, Jersey, Ryde, London, Guernsey, Greenock, Plymouth, Romney, Falmouth, Lymington, Cowes, Brixham, Kingsbridge, Swanage and Darmouth, with rare types such as “Ship Letter Guernsey” (S. 3) or “Ship Letter Cowes” (S. 4) which is not recorded in red by Robertson, infrequent combinations with forwarding agents markings and a wide range of rates applied. A very comprehensive and difficult group on mail just originating from Brazil. Viewing essential.

1’500