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Bram Stoker, Dracula (1897) The subject of imposture is always an interes@ng one, and impostors in one shape or another are likely to flourish as long as human nature remains what it is, and society shows itself ready to be gulled. The histories of famous cases of imposture in this book have been grouped together to show that the art has been prac@sed in many forms — impersonators, pretenders, swindlers, and humbugs of all kinds; those who have masqueraded in order to acquire wealth, posi4on, or fame, and those who have done so merely for the love of the art. So numerous are instances, indeed, that the book cannot profess to exhaust a theme which might easily fill a dozen volumes; its purpose is simply to collect and record a number of the best known instances. The author, nevertheless, whose largest experience has lain in the field of fic4on, has aimed at dealing with his material as with the material for a novel, except that all the facts given are real and authen4c. He has made no aKempt to treat the subject ethically; yet from a study of these impostors, the objects they had in view, the means they adopted, the risks they ran, and the punishments which aKended exposure, any reader can draw his own conclusions. (B. Stoker, “Preface”, in Famous Impostors, 1910) “Here I am, siQng at a liKle oak table where in old @mes possibly some fair lady sat to pen, with much thought and many blushes, her illspelt lovele;er, and wri@ng in my diary in shorthand all that has happened since I closed it last. It is nineteenth century uptodate with a vengeance. And yet, unless my senses deceive me, the old centuries had, and have, powers of their own which mere “modernity” cannot kill”. (B. Stoker, Dracula) The historical backdrop for Dracula The emergence of comsumerist mass cultura The rise of an English professional class The brodescale mobiliza@on of electrically driven forms of communica@on Dracula as an allegory for economic, bureaucra@c, and technological changes in the world. CHAPTER I JONATHAN HARKER’S JOURNAL (Kept in shorthand.) 3 May. Bistritz.—Le^ Munich at 8:35 P. M., on 1st May, arriving at Vienna early next morning; should have arrived at 6:46, but train was an hour late. BudaPesth seems a wonderful place, from the glimpse which I got of it from the train and the liKle I could walk through the streets. I feared to go very far from the sta@on, as we had arrived late

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Page 1: Bram%Stoker,%Dracula’ -  · Bram%Stoker,%Dracula’ -  ... Dracula

Bram  Stoker,  Dracula  (1897)

The  subject  of  imposture  is  always  an  interes@ng  one,  and  impostors  in  one  shape  or  another  are    likely  to  flourish  as  long  as  human  nature  remains  what  it  is,  and  society  shows  itself  ready  to  be    gulled.  The  histories  of  famous  cases  of  imposture  in  this  book  have  been  grouped  together  to  show  that  the  art  has  been  prac@sed  in  many  forms    —  impersonators,  pretenders,  swindlers,  and  humbugs  of  all  kinds;  those  who  have  masqueraded  in    order  to  acquire  wealth,  posi4on,  or  fame,  and    those  who  have  done  so  merely  for  the  love  of  the    art.  So  numerous  are  instances,  indeed,  that  the    book  cannot  profess  to  exhaust  a  theme  which    might  easily  fill  a  dozen  volumes;  its  purpose  is    simply  to  collect  and  record  a  number  of  the  best    known  instances.  The  author,  nevertheless,  whose    largest  experience  has  lain  in  the  field  of  fic4on,    has  aimed  at  dealing  with  his  material  as  with  the    material  for  a  novel,  except  that  all  the  facts  given  are  real  and  authen4c.  He  has  made  no  aKempt    to  treat  the  subject  ethically;  yet  from  a  study  of    these  impostors,  the  objects  they  had  in  view,  the    means  they  adopted,  the  risks  they  ran,  and  the    punishments  which  aKended  exposure,  any  reader    can  draw  his  own  conclusions.  

(B.  Stoker,  “Preface”,  in    Famous  Impostors,  1910)

“Here  I  am,  siQng  at  a  liKle  oak  table  where  in  old  @mes  possibly  some  fair  lady  sat  to  pen,  with  much  thought  and  many  blushes,  her  ill-­‐spelt  love-­‐le;er,  and  wri@ng  in  my  diary  in  shorthand  all  that  has  happened  since  I  closed  it  last.  It  is  nineteenth  century  up-­‐to-­‐date  with  a  vengeance.  And  yet,  unless  my  senses  deceive  me,  the  old  centuries  had,  and  have,  powers  of  their  own  which  mere  “modernity”  cannot  kill”.

(B.  Stoker,  Dracula)

-­‐  The  historical  backdrop  for  DraculaThe  emergence  of  comsumerist  mass  culturaThe  rise  of  an  English  professional  classThe  brode-­‐scale  mobiliza@on  of  electrically  driven  forms  of  communica@onDracula  as  an  allegory  for  economic,  bureaucra@c,  and  technological  changes  in  the  

world.  

CHAPTER  IJONATHAN  HARKER’S  JOURNAL

(Kept  in  shorthand.)

3  May.  Bistritz.—Le^  Munich  at  8:35  P.  M.,  on  1st  May,  arriving  at  Vienna  early  next  morning;  should  have  arrived  at  6:46,  but  train  was  an  hour  late.  Buda-­‐Pesth  seems  a  wonderful  place,  from  the  glimpse  which  I  got  of  it  from  the  train  and  the  liKle  I  could  walk  through  the  streets.  I  feared  to  go  very  far  from  the  sta@on,  as  we  had  arrived  late  

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and  would  start  as  near  the  correct  @me  as  possible.  The  impression  I  had  was  that  we  were  leaving  the  West  and  entering  the  East;  the  most  western  of  splendid  bridges  over  the  Danube,  which  is  here  of  noble  width  and  depth,  took  us  among  the  tradi@ons  of  Turkish  rule.We  le^  in  preKy  good  @me,  and  came  a^er  nighfall  to  Klausenburgh.  Here  I  stopped  for  the  night  at  the  Hotel  Royale.  I  had  for  dinner,  or  rather  supper,  a  chicken  done  up  some  way  with  red  pepper,  which  was  very  good  but  thirsty.  (Mem.,  get  recipe  for  Mina.)  I  asked  the  waiter,  and  he  said  it  was  called  “paprika  hendl,”  and  that,  as  it  was  a  na@onal  dish,  I  should  be  able  to  get  it  anywhere  along  the  Carpathians.  I  found  my  smaKering  of  German  very  useful  here;  indeed,  I  don’t  know  how  I  should  be  able  to  get  on  without  it.

Having  had  some  @me  at  my  disposal  when  in  London,  I  had  visited  the  Bri@sh  Museum,  and  made  search  among  the  books  and  maps  in  the  library  regarding  Transylvania;  it  had  struck  me  that  some  foreknowledge  of  the  country  could  hardly  fail  to  have  some  importance  in  dealing  with  a  nobleman  of  that  country.  I  find  that  the  district  he  named  is  in  the  extreme  east  of  the  country,  just  on  the  borders  of  three  states,  Transylvania,  Moldavia  and  Bukovina,  in  the  midst  of  the  Carpathian  mountains;  one  of  the  wildest  and  least  known  por@ons  of  Europe.  I  was  not  able  to  light  on  any  map  or  work  giving  the  exact  locality  of  the  Castle  Dracula,  as  there  are  no  maps  of  this  country  as  yet  to  compare  with  our  own  Ordnance  Survey  maps;  but  I  found  that  Bistritz,  the  post  town  named  by  Count  Dracula,  is  a  fairly  well-­‐known  place.  I  shall  enter  here  some  of  my  notes,  as  they  may  refresh  my  memory  when  I  talk  over  my  travels  with  Mina.In  the  popula@on  of  Transylvania  there  are  four  dis4nct  na4onali4es:  Saxons  in  the  South,  and  mixed  with  them  the  Wallachs,  who  are  the  descendants  of  the  Dacians;  Magyars  in  the  West,  and  Szekelys  in  the  East  and  North.  I  am  going  among  the  laKer,  who  claim  to  be  descended  from  AUla  and  the  Huns.  This  may  be  so,  for  when  the  Magyars  conquered  the  country  in  the  eleventh  century  they  found  the  Huns  seKled  in  it.  I  read  that  every  known  supers44on  in  the  world  is  gathered  into  the  horseshoe  of  the  Carpathians,  as  if  it  were  the  centre  of  some  sort  of  imagina4ve  whirlpool;  if  so  my  stay  may  be  very  interes4ng.  (Mem.,  I  must  ask  the  Count  all  about  them.)

Later:  the  Morning  of  16  May.—God  preserve  my  sanity,  for  to  this  I  am  reduced.  Safety  and  the  assurance  of  safety  are  things  of  the  past.  Whilst  I  live  on  here  there  is  but  one  thing  to  hope  for,  that  I  may  not  go  mad,  if,  indeed,  I  be  not  mad  already.  If  I  be  sane,  then  surely  it  is  maddening  to  think  that  of  all  the  foul  things  that  lurk  in  this  hateful  place  the  Count  is  the  least  dreadful  to  me;  that  to  him  alone  I  can  look  for  safety,  even  though  this  be  only  whilst  I  can  serve  his  purpose.  Great  God!  merciful  God!  Let  me  be  calm,  for  out  of  that  way  lies  madness  indeed.  I  begin  to  get  new  lights  on  certain  things  which  have  puzzled  me.  Up  to  now  I  never  quite  knew  what  Shakespeare  meant  when  he  made  Hamlet  say:—

“My  tablets!  quick,  my  tablets!’Tis  meet  that  I  put  it  down,”  etc.,

for  now,  feeling  as  though  my  own  brain  were  unhinged  or  as  if  the  shock  

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had  come  which  must  end  in  its  undoing,  I  turn  to  my  diary  for  repose.   The  habit  of  entering  accurately  must  help  to  soothe  me.

The  Count’s  mysterious  warning  frightened  me  at  the  @me;  it  frightens  me  more  now  when  I  think  of  it,  for  in  future  he  has  a  fearful  hold  upon  me.  I  shall  fear  to  doubt  what  he  may  say!It  was  by  this  @me  close  on  morning,  and  we  went  to  bed.  (Mem.,  this  diary  seems  

horribly  like  the  beginning  of  the  “Arabian  Nights,”  for  everything  has  to  break  off  at  cockcrow—or  like  the  ghost  of  Hamlet’s  father.)

Count  DraculaA  centuries-­‐old  vampire  and  Transylvanian  noblemanA  crumbling  castle  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains.  He  can  assume  the  form  of  an  animal,  control  the  weather,  and  he  is  stronger  than  

twenty  men.  His  powers  are  limited  and  is  rendered  powerless  by  daylight.“My  revenge  is  just  begun!”:  Proud  but  disappoin@ng  history  of  his  family.  The  world  around  him  has  changed  and  grown  significantlyWhen  the  count  discusses  “the  crowded  streets  of  your  mighty  London,”  we  sense  that  

he  lusts  for  power  and  conquest:  “I  long  .  .  .  to  be  in  the  midst  of  the  whirl  and  rush  of  humanity,  to  share  its  life,  its  

change,  its  death,  and  all  that  makes  it  what  it  is.  But  alas!”  (Ch.  II)Dracula  becomes  not  simply  a  creature  of  evil.  He  is  a  somewhat  sympathe@c  and  more  

human  [email protected]  is  determined  to  regain  his  family’s  lost  power  and  subject  the  world  to  his  own  dark,  

brutal  vision.Abraham  Van  Helsing  

 A  Dutch  professor:  “a  philosopher  and  metaphysician,  and  one  of  the  most  advanced  scien@sts  of  his  day.”  

Called  upon  to  cure  the  ailing  Lucy  Westenra  Van  Helsing’s  contribu@ons  are  essen@al  in  the  fight  against  Dracula.  He  is  not  blinded  by  the  limita@ons  of  Western  medicine:  he  knows  that  he  faces  a  force  

that  cannot  be  treated  with  tradi@onal  science  and  reason.  Knowledgeable  about  vampire  folklore.  Van  Helsing  becomes  Dracula’s  chief  antagonist  and  the  leader  of  the  group  that  hunts  

Dracula  down  and  destroys  him.He  is  an  experienced  man,  but  due  to  the  unfortunately  unskilled  manner  in  which  

Stoker  renders  Van  Helsing’s  speech,  he  o^en  comes  across  as  somewhat  bumbling.

A  well-­‐matched  adversary  to  the  count,  he  possesses  a  mind  open  enough  to  contemplate  Dracula’s  par@cular  brand  of  evil.

He  straddles  two  dis@nct  worlds,  the  old  and  the  new:  the  first  marked  by  fearful  respect  for  tradi@on,  the  second  by  ever-­‐progressing  modernity.  

Unlike  his  former  pupil,  Dr.  Seward  (obsession  with  modern  techniques),  Van  Helsing  diagnoses  the  young  girl’s  afflic@on  correctly,  and  offers  her  the  only  opportunity  for  a  cure.

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Van  Helsing  is  rela@vely  sta@c,  as  he  undergoes  no  great  development  throughout  the  novel.  

Having  helped  rid  the  Earth  of  the  count’s  evil,  he  departs  as  he  arrived  (morally  righteous  and  religiously  commiKed)

Van  Helsing  views  his  pursuit  of  Dracula  with  an  air  of  grandiosity.  He  envisions  his  band  as  “ministers  of  God’s  own  wish,”  and  assures  his  comrades  that  “we  go  out  as  the  old  knights  of  the  Cross  to  redeem  more”:

Thus  are  we  ministers  of  God’s  own  wish:  that  the  world,  and  men  for  whom  His  Son  die,  will  not  be  given  over  to  monsters,  whose  very  existence  would  defame  Him.  He  have  allowed  us  to  redeem  one  soul  already,  and  we  go  out  as  the  old  knights  of  the  Cross  to  redeem  more.  Like  them  we  shall  travel  towards  the  sunrise;  and  like  them,  if  we  fall,  we  fall  in  good  cause.”  

Stoker  portrays  Van  Helsing  as  the  embodiment  of  unswerving  good,  the  hero  he  recruits  “to  set  the  world  free.”

Jonathan  Harker  A  solicitor,  or  lawyer,  sent  to  Transylvania  to  conclude  a  real  estate  transac@on  with  

Dracula.  Young  and  naïveA  prisoner  in  the  castleFierce  curiosity  to  discover  the  true  nature  of  his  captor  and  a  strong  will  to  escape.Later,  a^er  becoming  convinced  that  the  count  has  moved  to  London,  Harker  emerges  as  

a  brave  and  fearless  fighter.

Mina  Murray  

Jonathan  Harker’s  fiancée.  A  prac@cal  young  woman  who  works  as  a  schoolmistress.  Eventually  vic@mized  by  Dracula  herself,  Mina  is  also  the  best  friend  of  the  count’s  first  

vic@m  in  the  novel,  Lucy  Westenra.  Mina  is  in  many  ways  the  heroine  of  the  novel,  embodying  purity,  innocence,  and  

Chris@an  faith.Intelligent  and  resourcefulHer  research  leads  Van  Helsing’s  men  to  Castle  Dracula.  The  ul@mate  Victorian  woman:  the  embodiment  of  the  virtues  of  the  age.  She  is  “one  of  God’s  women,  fashioned  by  His  own  hand  to  show  us  men  and  other  

women  that  there  is  a  heaven  where  we  can  enter,  and  that  its  light  can  be  here  on  earth.  So  true,  so  sweet,  so  noble.  .  .  .”  

The  model  of  domes@c  propriety,  an  assistant  schoolmistress  who  du@fully  studies  newfangled  machines.

Unlike  Lucy,  she  is  not  most  noteworthy  for  her  physical  beauty,  which  spares  Mina  her  friend’s  fate  of  being  transformed  into  a  voluptuous  she-­‐devil.

Mina’s  sexuality  remains  enigma@c  throughout  the  whole  of  Dracula.  She  never  gives  voice  to  anything  resembling  a  sexual  desire  or  impulse  and  she  retain  

her  purity.  

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Second  half  of  the  novel  concerns  the  issue  of  Mina’s  purity.  Stoker  creates  suspense  about  whether  Mina,  like  Lucy,  will  be  lost.  

Mina  sympathizes  with  the  boldly  progressive  “New  Women”  of  England:    doomed  to  suffer  Lucy’s  fate  as  punishment  for  her  progressiveness.

A  goddess  of  conserva@ve  male  fantasy.  Mina  is  far  from  a  “New  Woman”  herself.  Rather,  she  is  a  du@ful  wife  and  mother  in  the  service  of  men.  

Mina’s  moral  perfec@on  remains  stainless.Lucy  Westenra

 Mina’s  best  friend  and  an  aKrac@ve,  vivacious  young  woman.The  first  character  in  the  novel  to  fall  under  Dracula’s  spell.  Lucy  becomes  a  vampire,  

which  compromises  her  much-­‐praised  chas@ty  and  virtue,.Van  Helsing’s  crew  hunts  down  the  demon  she  has  become  and  kills  it,  following  the  

rituals  of  vampire  slaying,  and  thus  restoring  Lucy’s  soul  to  her  body  and  to  heaven.  In  many  ways,  Lucy  is  much  like  her  dear  friend  Mina.  A  paragon  of  virtue  and  

innocence:  three  suitors  to  her.  Difference  from  her  friend  in  one  crucial  aspect:  she  is  sexualized.  In  an  early  leKer  to  

Mina,  Lucy  laments,  “Why  can’t  they  let  a  girl  marry  three  men,  or  as  many  as  want  her,  and  save  all  this  trouble?”

This  “heresy”  indicates  that  she  has  desires  that  cannot  be  met.Stoker  amplifies  Lucy’s  insa@ability  describing  the  undead  Lucy  as  a  wanton  creature  of  

ravenous  sexual  appe@te.  Lucy  stands  as  a  dangerous  threat  to  men  and  their  tenuous  self-­‐control  and  she  must  be  

destroyed.  Death  returns  her  to  a  more  harmless  state,  fixing  a  look  of  purity.  This  assures  men  that  

the  world  and  its  women  are  exactly  as  they  should  be.

John  Seward  A  talented  young  doctor,  Van  Helsing’s  pupil.  Administrator  of  an  insane  asylum  not  far  from  Dracula’s  English  home.  Ambi@ous  interviews  with  one  of  his  pa@ents,  Renfield,  in  order  to  understand  beKer  

the  nature  of  life-­‐consuming  psychosis.  Lucy  turns  down  Seward’s  marriage  proposal,  but    his  love  for  her  remains,  and  he  

dedicates  himself  to  her  care  when  she  suddenly  takes  ill.  A^er  Lucy’s  death,  he  remains  dedicated  to  figh@ng  the  count.

Arthur  Holmwood  -­‐    Lucy’s  fiancé  and  a  friend  of  her  other  suitors.  Son  of  Lord  Godalming  and  inherits  that  @tle  upon  his  father’s  death.  In  the  fight  against  Dracula’s  dark  powers,  he  does  whatever  circumstances  demand:  he  offers  Lucy  a  blood  transfusion  and  he  agrees  to  kill  her  demonic  form.

Quincey  Morris  -­‐    An  American  from  Texas,  another  of  Lucy’s  suitors.  He  proves  himself  a  brave  and  good-­‐hearted  man.  Quincey  sacrifices  his  life  in  order  to  rid  the  world  of  Dracula’s  influence.

Renfield    -­‐    A  pa@ent  at  Seward’s  mental  asylum.  A  refined  gentleman,  he  indulges  a  habit  of  consuming  living  creatures—flies,  spiders,  birds,  and  so  on—which  he  

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believes  provide  him  with  strength,  vitality,  and  life  force.  He  is  Dracula’s  servant.    Mrs.  Westenra  -­‐    Lucy’s  mother.  A  woman  of  failing  health,  who  sabotages  her  

daughter’s  safety  by  interfering  with  Van  Helsing’s  folk  remedies.  She  dies  of  shock  when  a  wolf  leaps  through  Lucy’s  bedroom  window.

Chapter  I  Dracula  begins  with  the  diary  kept  by  the  solicitor  Jonathan  Harker  on  his  way  from  

England  to  Eastern  Europe.  Harker  is  traveling  to  the  castle  of  Count  Dracula,  a  Transylvanian  nobleman  to  sell  him  a  

residence  in  London.  Harker  plans  to  take  copious  notes  to  share  his  adventures  with  his  fiancée,  Mina  Murray.

In  his  first  diary  entry,  on  May  3,  Harker  describes  the  picturesque  countryside  of  Eastern  Europe  and  the  exo@c  food  he  has  tasted  at  the  roadside  inns.  

Harker  arrives  in  the  northern  Romanian  town  of  Bistritz  and  checks  into  a  hotel  Count  Dracula  has  recommended  to  him.  

The  innkeeper  gives  Harker  a  leKer  from  the  count,  welcoming  Harker  to  the  beau@ful  Carpathian  Mountains  and  informing  him  that  he  should  take  the  next  day’s  coach  to  the  Borgo  Pass,  where  a  carriage  will  meet  him  to  bring  him  to  the  castle.

An  ominous  warning  by  the  innkeeper’s  wife:  it  is  the  eve  of  St.  George’s  Day,  when  “all  the  evil  things  in  the  world  will  have  full  sway.”  She  puts  a  crucifix  around  his  neck.  He  is  a  prac@cing  Anglican,  but  he  accepts  the  crucifix.  He  is  somewhat  disturbed  and  his  uneasiness  increases  when  a  crowd  of  peasants  gathers  around  the  inn  as  he  boards  the  coach.  “Queer  words”  he  translates  to  mean  “were-­‐wolf”  or  “vampire.”  

The  crowd  makes  the  sign  of  the  cross  in  his  direc@on,  a  gesture  that  a  fellow  passenger  explains  is  meant  to  protect  him  from  the  “evil  eye.”  

The  journey  to  the  Borgo  Pass  takes  Harker  through  incomparably  beau@ful  country.  As  darkness  falls,  the  other  passengers  become  restless,  One  by  one,  the  passengers  begin  to  offer  Harker  small  gi^s  and  tokens  that  he  assumes  are  also  meant  to  ward  off  the  evil  eye.

The  coach  arrives  at  the  Borgo  Pass,  but  there  is  no  carriage  wai@ng.  A  small,  horse-­‐drawn  carriage  arrives.  Harker  boards  it  and  con@nues  toward  the  castle.  He  has  the  impression  that  the  carriage  is  covering  the  same  ground  over  and  over  again,  and  he  grows  increasingly  fearful  as  the  ride  progresses.  Harker  is  spooked  several  @mes  by  the  wild  howling  of  wolves.

Outside  he  sees  a  flickering  blue  flame  burning  somewhere  in  the  distance.  Harker  recounts  several  more  stops  to  inspect  similar  flames  and  notes  that  at  one  point,  when  the  driver  gathers  a  few  stones  around  one  of  the  flames,  he  seems  to  be  able  to  see  the  flame  through  the  driver’s  body.

 Eventually,  Harker  arrives,  paralyzed  by  fear,  at  the  dark  and  ruined  castle.Chapter  II  

Outside  Dracula’s  remarkable  castle.  A^er  a  long  wait,  the  count  appears  and  welcomes  Harker:

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Within,  stood  a  tall  old  man,  clean  shaven  save  for  a  long  white  moustache,  and  clad   in   black   from   head   to   foot,   without   a   single   speck   of   colour   about   him  anywhere.  He  held  in  his  hand  an  an@que  silver  lamp,  in  which  the  flame  burned  without   chimney   or   globe   of   any   kind,   throwing   long   quivering   shadows   as   it  flickered   in  the  draught  of  the  open  door.  The  old  man  mo@oned  me  in  with  his  right  hand  with  a  courtly  gesture,   saying   in  excellent  English,  but  with  a   strange  intona@on:—   “Welcome   to  my   house!   Enter   freely   and   of   your   own  will!”   He  made  no  mo@on  of  stepping  to  meet  me,  but  stood   like  a  statue,  as   though  his  gesture   of  welcome   had  fixed   him   into   stone.   The   instant,   however,   that   I   had  stepped  over   the   threshold,   he  moved   impulsively   forward,   and  holding  out  his  hand  grasped  mine  with  a   strength  which  made  me  wince,  an  effect  which  was  not   lessened  by  the  fact   that   it  seemed  as  cold  as   ice—more   like  the  hand  of  a  dead  than  a   living  man.  Again  he  said:—  “Welcome  to  my  house.  Come  freely.  Go  safely;  and  leave  something  of  the  happiness  you  bring!”  The  strength  of  the  handshake  was  so  much  akin  to  that  which  I  had  no@ced  in  the  driver,  whose  face  I  had  not   seen,   that   for  a  moment   I  doubted   if   it  were  not   the  same  person   to  whom  I  was  speaking;  

Harker  no@ces  what  calls  Dracula’s  “marked  physiognomy”:  the  count  has  pointed  ears,  excep@onally  pale  skin,  and  extremely  sharp  teeth.  Harker’s  nervousness  and  fears  return.

The  next  day,  Harker  wakes  to  find  a  note  from  Dracula,  excusing  himself  for  the  day.  Le^  to  himself,  Harker  enjoys  a  hearty  meal  and,  encountering  no  servants  in  the  castle,  explores  his  bedroom  and  the  unlocked  room  adjacent  to  it.  He  sees  expensive  furniture,  rich  tapestries  and  fabrics,  and  a  library  filled  with  reading  material  in  English—but  notes  that  there  are  no  mirrors  to  be  found  anywhere.

That  evening,  Dracula  joins  Harker  for  conversa@on  in  the  libraryThe  men  discuss  the  pervasiveness  of  evil  spirits  in  Transylvania.  Harker  describes  the  house  (Carfax)  that  the  count  has  purchased:  quite  isolated,  with  

only  a  luna@c  asylum  and  an  old  chapel  nearby.Dracula  draws  out  the  conversa@on  long  into  the  night,  but  abruptly  leaves  his  guest  at  

daybreak.  The  count’s  strange  behavior  increases  Harker’s  sense  of  uneasiness.The  next  day,  Dracula  interrupts  Harker  shaving.  Harker  accidentally  cuts  himself.  

Glancing  at  his  shaving  mirror,  he  no@ces  that  the  count  has  no  reflec@on.  Harker  is  also  startled  by  Dracula’s  reac@on  to  the  sight  of  his  blood:  the  count  lunges  for  his  guest’s  throat,  drawing  back  only  a^er  touching  the  string  of  beads  that  holds  Harker’s  crucifix.  

A^er  warning  Harker  against  cuQng  himself  in  this  country,  Dracula  throws  the  shaving  mirror  out  a  window.  Le^  alone,  Harker  eats  breakfast,  no@ng  that  he  has  never  seen  his  host  eat  or  drink.  His  suspicions  aroused,  he  once  again  goes  exploring,  only  to  discover  one  locked  door  a^er  another.

 Harker  realizes  he  is  a  prisoner  in  the  count’s  castle.

The  castle  is  on  the  very  edge  of  a  terrible  precipice.  A  stone  falling  from  the  window  would  fall  a  thousand  feet  without  touching  anything!  As  far  as  the  eye  can  reach  is  

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a  sea  of  green  tree  tops,  with  occasionally  a  deep  ri^  where  there  is  a  chasm.  Here  and  there  are  silver  threads  where  the  rivers  wind  in  deep  gorges  through  the  forests.But  I  am  not  in  heart  to  describe  beauty,  for  when  I  had  seen  the  view  I  explored  further;  doors,  doors,  doors  everywhere,  and  all  locked  and  bolted.  In  no  place  save  from  the  windows  in  the  castle  walls  is  there  an  available  exit.The  castle  is  a  veritable  prison,  and  I  am  a  prisoner!

Chapter  IIIThat  night,  Dracula  speaks  enthusias@cally  of  the  country’s  people  and  baKles,  and  he  

speaks  of  the  glories  of  his  family  name.  Over  the  course  of  the  next  several  days,  the  count  grills  Harker  about  maKers  of  

English  life  and  law.  He  tells  Harker  to  write  leKers  to  his  fiancée  and  employer,  telling  them  that  he  will  extend  his  stay  by  a  month.  

Harker  agrees.  Preparing  to  take  his  leave  for  the  evening,  Dracula  warns  his  guest  never  to  fall  asleep  anywhere  in  the  castle  other  than  his  own  room.

Harker  hangs  his  crucifix  above  his  bed  and  sets  out  to  explore  the  castle.  Peering  out  a  window,  Harker  observes  Dracula  crawling  down  the  sheer  face  of  the  castle.  

One  evening  soon  therea^er,  Harker  forces  a  locked  room  open  and  falls  asleep,  not  heeding  the  count’s  warning.  Harker  is  visited—whether  in  a  dream  or  not,  he  cannot  say—by  three  beau@ful  women  with  inhumanly  red  lips  and  sharp  teeth.  The  women  approach  him,  filling  him  with  a  “wicked,  burning  desire.”

I  was  not  alone.  The  room  was  the  same,  unchanged  in  any  way  since  I  came  into  it;  I  could  see  along  the  floor,  in  the  brilliant  moonlight,  my  own  footsteps  marked  where  I  had  disturbed  the  long  accumula@on  of  dust.  In  the  moonlight  opposite  me  were  three  young  women,  ladies  by  their  dress  and  manner.  I  thought  at  the  @me  that  I  must  be  dreaming  when  I  saw  them,  for,  though  the  moonlight  was  behind  them,  they  threw  no  shadow  on  the  floor.  They  came  close  to  me,  and  looked  at  me  for  some  @me,  and  then  whispered  together.  Two  were  dark,  and  had  high  aquiline  noses,  like  the  Count,  and  great  dark,  piercing  eyes  that  seemed  to  be  almost  red  when  contrasted  with  the  pale  yellow  moon.  The  other  was  fair,  as  fair  as  can  be,  with  great  wavy  masses  of  golden  hair  and  eyes  like  pale  sapphires.  I  seemed  somehow  to  know  her  face,  and  to  know  it  in  connec@on  with  some  dreamy  fear,  but  I  could  not  recollect  at  the  moment  how  or  where.  All  three  had  brilliant  white  teeth  that  shone  like  pearls  against  the  ruby  of  their  voluptuous  lips.  There  was  something  about  them  that  made  me  uneasy,  some  longing  and  at  the  same  @me  some  deadly  fear.  I  felt  in  my  heart  a  wicked,  burning  desire  that  they  would  kiss  me  with  those  red  lips.  It  is  not  good  to  note  this  down,  lest  some  day  it  should  meet  Mina’s  eyes  and  cause  her  pain;  but  it  is  the  truth.  They  whispered  together,  and  then  they  all  three  laughed—such  a  silvery,  musical  laugh,  but  as  hard  as  though  the  sound  never  could  have  come  through  the  so^ness  of  human  lips.  It  was  like  the  intolerable,  @ngling  sweetness  of  water-­‐glasses  when  played  on  by  a  cunning  hand.  The  fair  girl  shook  her  head  coqueUshly,  and  the  other  two  urged  her  on.  

One  of  the  voluptuous  women  bends  and  places  her  lips  against  his  neck,  Dracula  sweeps  in.  He  ordering  the  women  to  leave  Harker  alone:  “When  I  am  done  with  him  you  shall  kiss  him  at  your  will,”  the  count  tells  them.  

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To  appease  the  disappointed  trio,  Dracula  offers  them  a  bag  containing  a  small,  “half-­‐smothered”  child  (Lamiae).  The  terrible  women  seem  to  fade  out  of  the  room  as  Harker  dri^s  into  unconsciousness.

“I  was  afraid  to  raise  my  eyelids,  but  looked  out  and  saw  perfectly  under  the  lashes.  The  girl  went  on  her  knees,  and  bent  over  me,  simply  gloa@ng.  There  was  a  deliberate  voluptuousness  which  was  both  thrilling  and  repulsive,  and  as  she  arched  her  neck,  she  actually  licked  her  lips  like  an  animal.  .  .  .  Lower  and  lower  went  her  head  as  the  lips  went  below  the  range  of  my  mouth  and  chin  and  seemed  about  to  fasten  on  my  throat.  .  .  .  I  closed  my  eyes  in  a  languorous  ecstasy  and  waited—waited  with  bea@ng  heart”.