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BRAINSTORMING
Evidence & Research
Topic
Resolved: On balance, students in grade 6-12 benefit when their schools offer interscholastic sports.
Dealing with New Topics
1. Define and understand key terms
2. Make a list of all pro/con arguments – know the arguments!
Brainstorm Key Terms
Resolved: On balance, students in grade 6-12 benefit when their schools offer interscholastic sports.
Two key words: Balance Benefit
On balance
All students, not just athletes Can be some positives and negatives, but
one outweighs the other Therefore, the debate becomes what’s more
important Education Health Happiness Economics Gender Skills
Benefit
Benefiting STUDENTS (approx. 12-18 years old) Not Schools Not Parents Benefit some groups not others
Benefits how? Education Health Happiness Economics Gender Skills
Advanced tips
Research all sides of the major issues and specific examples
Expand outward – keep trying to figure out the truth
Pros & Cons
Education Health HappinessEconomicsGenderSkills
Evidence
What is evidence? Supporting material
known or discovered, but not created by the advocate.
Forms of Evidence
Facts, e.g., Statistics
Examples Hypothetical Examples Literal Examples
Testimony – authoritative opinion
Tests of Evidence
Source credibility Source bias Recency Internal Consistency Completeness Corroboration (external consistency)
Citing Evidence
According to a 2013 evaluation by the University of Chicago, competitive sports create lasting improvements in boys’ study habits and mental maturity. Thus participating in interscholastic sports helps students perform better in their future career. Fortune Magazine finds 95% of Fortune 500 executives participated in high school athletics. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found that men at age 32 who have played high school sports are paid 31% higher wages than men who have not.
Research Methods
Keys to effective research: Do it early Good search terms
Quotations, keywords, truncation, maximize operators Use the advanced search Be aware of how results are displayed Focus on more than one source Effective filtering of results
Disregard irrelevant articles Read summary; first/last paragraph Apply the tests of evidence, e.g., recency, bias, etc.
Research Methods
Google www.google.com Scholar Sort by date Advanced Search News Books