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8/14/2019 brainssss.docx
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Temporalcontains the auditory receptive areas. Contains a vital area called the interpretive area thatprovides integration of somatization, visual, and auditory areas and plays the most dominant role of any area of the
cortex in cerebration.
Occipitalthe posterior lobe of the cerebral hemisphere isresponsible for visual interpretation. Corpus callosum - is a thick collection of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and is
responsible for the transmission of information from one side of the brain to the other. Information transferred
includes sensation, memory, and learned discrimination. Right-handed people and some left-handed people have
cerebral dominance on the left side of the brain for verbal, linguistic, arithmetical, calculating, and analytic function.
Basal Ganglia - are masses of nuclei located deep in the cerebral hemispheres that are responsible forcontrol of fine motor movements, including those of the hands and lower extremities.
Thalamus - lies on either side of the third ventricle and acts primarily as a relay station for all sensationexcept smell. All memory, sensation, and pain impulses also pass through this section of the brain.
Hypothalamus - plays an important role in the endocrine system because it regulates the pituitary secretionof hormones that influence metabolism, reproduction, stress response, and urine production. It works with the
pituitary to maintain fluid balance and maintains temperature regulation by promoting vasoconstriction or
vasodilatation.Ssite of the hunger center and is involved in appetite control. Pituitary Gland - is located in the sella turcica at the base of the brain and is connected to the hypothalamus.
The pituitary is a common site for brain tumors in adults; frequently they are detected by physical signs and
symptoms that can be traced to the pituitary, such as hormonal imbalance or visual disturbances secondary to
pressure on the optic chiasm.
Cerebellum -the cerebellum is separated from the cerebral hemispheres by a fold of dura mater, the tentoriumcerebelli. The cerebellum has both excitatory and inhibitory actions and is largely responsible for coordination of
movement. It also controls fine movement, balance, position sense (awareness of where each part of the body is), and
integration of sensory input.
Medulla oblongata contains motor fibers from the brain to the spinal cord and sensory fibers from the spinal cordto the brain. Most of these fibers cross, or decussate, at this level. Cranial nerves IX through XII connect to the brain in
the medulla.