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Brain organization & music. Fatıma Hazer Psyc- 374. O utline. Definition of music Musical processing Through ears into brain Brain on music Hearing Imagining Playing Singing Music & Emotions. Music . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BRAIN ORGANIZATION & MUSIC
Fatıma Hazer Psyc- 374
Outline• Definition of music • Musical processing – Through ears into brain
• Brain on music– Hearing– Imagining– Playing– Singing
• Music & Emotions
Music • A mixture of different frequencies
played together in a manner that sounds harmonious
• Composition of low and high frequencies (pitches) of sound waves
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9EcsYTEcg8
How we perceive these sounds as
music?
Through Ears...(Auditory Pathway)
into Brain(Neural Pathway)
• Ears = receiving and transmitting sounds1
• Brain = receive inputs from the ears and involve music perception
2
Simply their tasks...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVIiYyD2_YU
Learning Objectives• Technology • Procedure• Policies• Benefits
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
Complex soundwave froma single note
Soundwaves
Stapes CochleaTympanicmembrane
Auditorynervefi bers
200 Hz800 Hz
1,600 Hz
Slice of cochlea
Relative amplitude ofmovement in membraneBasilar
membrane
Hair cell
Auditory nerve fibers end ondifferent neurons tuned todifferent frequencies
ThalamusAuditorycortex
Cerebellum Brain stem
Vibrations in the basilar membraneof the cochlea in turn cause inner haircells, the sensory receptors, to generateelectrical signals to the auditorynerve, which transmits them to thebrain. Individual hair cells are tuned todifferent vibration frequencies.
BRAİN ON MUSİC• Hearing or listening music • Imagining music• Playing music• Singing music
Hearing or Listening Music• The auditory cortex (1) is
organized in terms of sound frequencies, with some cells responding to low frequencies and others to high.
• In the core region, basic musical elements (pitch and volume) are analyzed
• The surrounding regions process more complex elements, such as timbre, melody and rhythm.
Imagining Music• The activity occurs in small,
discrete areas (1), and to a lesser magnitude
• The inferior frontal gyrus (2) associated with retrieving memories and is thus stimulated as you recall
• dorsolateral frontal cortex (3) is responsible for holding the song in working memory while it is being imagined.
Playing Music• uses complex feedback systems that take
in information (pitch and melody) through the auditory cortex (1), and allow the performer to adjust his playing
• the visual cortex (2) is activated by reading — or even imagining — a score;
• the parietal lobe (3) is involved in a number of processes, including computation of finger position
• the motor cortex (4) helps control body movements
• the sensory cortex (5) is stimulated with each touch of the instrument;
• the premotor area (6) remains somewhat mysterious but somehow helps perform movements in the correct order and time
• the frontal lobe (7) plans and coordinates the overall activity
• the cerebellum (8) helps create smooth, integrated movements.
Singing Music• increases in activity
during singing (versus speaking or listening) in bilateral motor structures, with predominance in the right hemisphere, particularly for premotor, insular, and auditory regions.
Music & Emotions• The "reward" structures in
your inner brain (cross section), such as the ventral tegmental area (1), are stimulated
• If you are listening to a song you find pleasant, activity in the amygdala (2) is inhibited. This is the part of the brain that is typically associated with negative emotion, such as fear.
Summary
• How music process from our ears into brain • Brain regions for different music processes– Listening – Imagining– Playing – Singing
• Emotional process of music
References • Gaser, C., & Schlaug, G. (2003). Brain structures differ between
musicians. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23(27), 9240 –9245• and Non-Musicians• http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/jf06/
alacarte.asp• http://sciencenordic.com/how-music-touches-brain• http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web1/
Sancar.html • Peretz, I, & Zatorre, R. J. (2005). Annual Review Psychology, 56,
89–114. • Weinberger, N. M.(2004). Music and the Brain. Scientific
American, 88-98.
THANK YOU
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