BRAIN IMAGING. This image shows the chirality of amino acids/cis-trans versions of the amino acids...
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BRAIN IMAGING. This image shows the chirality of amino acids/cis-trans versions of the amino acids alanine and proline. Credit: T Blundell and N Campillo,
This image shows the chirality of amino acids/cis-trans
versions of the amino acids alanine and proline. Credit: T Blundell
and N Campillo, Wellcome Images. 3T Phillips MRI scanner
Slide 3
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM MRI scanner in use This photograph
shows a patient coming out of an MRI scanner. The brain scans are
displayed on a computer screen in the foreground. Credit: Wellcome
Library, London
Slide 4
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM MRI image of a healthy brain This is an
example of an image produced by an MRI scanner. The scan gives a
lateral view of a normal head showing the brain and nasal
structures. This is a healthy brain, but the brains in the
following slides have both been damaged by stroke: can you see the
differences between the images? Credit:Wellcome Trust Centre for
Neuroimaging
Slide 5
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM MRI image showing damage to the brain
caused by stroke The damage, in the left temporoparietal cortex, is
visible as a dark area on the scan. As a result of this damage, the
patient, a 24-year-old woman, was left with debilitating epilepsy
and language difficulties. She was unable to speak, read or write
and was subject to fits and seizures but has since made a good
recovery. The stroke is likely to have been caused by a haemorrhage
(bleed) because it encompasses different arterial territories.
vidence of the surgical intervention for the haemorrhage is visible
in the disjointed bone at the back of the head. Credit:Wellcome
Trust Centre for Neuroimaging
Slide 6
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM MRI image showing damage to the brain
caused by stroke (2) The stroke was caused by a blockage in the
left middle cerebral artery. It caused extensive damage to the
frontal, temporal, parietal and subcortical regions: the damage can
be seen in the dark area on the left side of the scan. As a result
of this damage, the patient (a 66-year-old man) has difficulty
comprehending and producing speech. Credit:Wellcome Trust Centre
for Neuroimaging
Slide 7
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM MRI image of a brain showing a
pituitary tumour This image of a human head was taken with a 3T MRI
scanner. The image shows a pituitary tumour as an enlarged mass in
the brain of a 48-year-old female patient. MRI scans are often used
to diagnose brain tumours and to help locate tumours so they can be
accurately removed in surgery. A pituitary tumour is a tumour in
the pituitary gland, which is a small oval-shaped gland found at
the base of the brain. Credit:Nuada Medical/Wellcome Images
Slide 8
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM A healthy brain and a brain affected by
Alzheimers disease This slide shows 3T MRI scans of two different
brains. The scan on the left is from a patient with Alzheimers
disease. It shows prominent brain shrinkage, and the associated
expansion of the ventricular system (the black region at the centre
of the image), compared to the healthy control scan on the right.
MRI images like these can be used to diagnose Alzheimers disease
and monitor the progress of the disease. Credit:Dementia Research
Centre, UCL
Slide 9
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM Atrophy caused by Alzheimers disease
Researchers are using MRI to investigate how Alzheimers disease
spreads through the brain. These figures have been generated from a
series of MRI scans of the brains of a group of people with
Alzheimers disease. They show where atrophy (the shrinkage or
degeneration caused by the disease) has occurred in the insular
cortex and temporal lobe. Credit:Figures created by Ged Ridgway,
UCL, using MR images from the MIRIAD project
(miriad.drc.ion.ucl.ac.uk)
Slide 10
Cut-away fMRI of a healthy brain showing the visual cortex
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM This cut-away image of a brain has been
created using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of
a healthy human brain. Functional MRI is a form of MRI used to show
which parts of the brain become active during different mental
processes. In this case, the image shows activity in the visual
cortex, which is highlighted in yellow at the back of the brain.
Credit:Mark Lythgoe and Chloe Hutton/Wellcome Images
Slide 11
A CT scanner in use BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM This photograph
shows a CT scanner in use. A nurse attends to the patient while the
radiographer enters patient data and monitors progress on the
computer. CT stands for computerised tomography. This type of
scanner uses X-rays and a computer to produce detailed images of
slices through the body and brain. It is widely used in hospitals
to diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions, including brain
tumours and injuries to the bones and internal organs.
Credit:Justine Desmond/Wellcome Images
Slide 12
CT scan showing a pituitary tumour BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM ary,
London This is a CT scan showing a pituitary tumour in the brain.
Compare this to the MRI image of a similar tumour that appeared
earlier in the gallery: how are they different? The CT scan uses
X-rays to produce images of the head, so hard tissues, such as the
bone of the skull, show up clearly in white. In the MRI image, the
bone of the skull appears as a dark area in the scan and soft
tissue (such as the brain) is shown more clearly. Credit:Wellcome
Library, London
Slide 13
A PET scanner in use. BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM This is a
photograph of a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner with a
patient and technician operator. PET imaging can be used to measure
the levels of neurotransmitters, their receptors and their
transporters. Before the scan the patient is injected with a
radioactive tracer substance that binds to a certain molecule. When
the patient is scanned, the PET scanner detects the radioactive
signal emitted by the tracer. The intensity of the signal indicates
the level of the molecule in different areas of the brain. PET
scans can be used to monitor a range of neurological conditions,
including Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease and depression.
Credit:Wellcome Library, London
Slide 14
BIGPICTUREEDUCATION.COM This image shows a PET scan of the
basal ganglia of a healthy brain. In this case, the scan has been
enhanced with colour. Credit: Wellcome Library, London
Colour-enhanced PET scan of the basal ganglia
Slide 15
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meaning we and you are free to use in any way as long as the
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Cartoon illustrations are Glen McBeth. We commission Glen to
produce these illustrations for Big Picture. He is happy for
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