Brain

Frontal lobe – Controls higher cognitive function, memory retention, voluntary eye movements, voluntary motor movement, speech in Broca’s areaTemporal Lobe – integrates somatic, visual, and auditory data and Wernicke’s speech Parietal lobe – interprets spatial information and sensory cortexOccipital lobe – processing sightBasal ganglia – initiation, execution, and completion of voluntary movements, learning, emotional response, and automatic movements associated with skeletal muscle activity (swinging arms while walking, swallowing saliva, and blinking)Thalamus – relay center for afferent inputs to cerebral cortexHypothalamus – regulates ANS and endocrine systemLimbic system – emotion, aggression, feeding, behavior, and sexual responseReticular formation – relay sensory information, influencing excitatory and inhibitory control of spinal motor neurons, and control vasomotor and respiratory activityReticular activating system (RAS) – regulating arousal and sleep-wake transitions. Center for sneezing, coughing, hiccupping, vomiting, sucking, and swallowingCerebellum – coordinates voluntary movement and maintains trunk stability and equilibrium, influences motor activity through axonal connections to motor cortex

Stroke in:Anterior cerebral artery = motor and/or sensory deficit (contralateral), sucking, or rooting reflex, rigidity, gait problems, loss of proprioception and find touchMiddle cerebral artery = dominant side: Aphasia, motor and sensory deficit, hemianopsia, greater weakness in upper extremity than lower, affected shoulder rotate internally, hip rotates externally, affected foot plantar flexed and invertedPosterior cerebral artery – hemianopsia, visual hallucination, spontaneous pain, motor deficitVertebral artery – Cranial nerve deficits, diplopia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dysarthria, dysphagia, and/or coma