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Bruce D Porter The USSR in Third World Conflicts (Soviet
arms and diplomacy in local wars 1945-1980) Cambridge U nivershy
sity Press London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydneypp5-35
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BeTCTBHH C CeBpCKHM AorOBopoM COBeTCKoe PYKOBOACTBO 01leshy
BHABO COUlO lITO n06eIJa KeMaJIJI nOAopBaJIa 6bl BJIHJlHHe BeJIHKOshy
6pHTaHHH H APyrHX 3anaIJHbIX Aep)KSB Ha BJIH)KHeM BoCTOKe lITO
oTBetJaJIO HHTepecaM 6e30nacHoCTH COBeTCKoro rocyIJapcma H Morshy
no cnoco6CTBOBaTh YCBJIeHHIO peBOJIIOuKOHHOil 6oph6hl B EBponeS
nocne cno)KI1hIX neperoBopoB 16 MapTa 1921 r B AuKape COBeTCshy
Koe npaBHTenbCTBo nOADHCaJIO AOrl)BOp 0 APf)K6e C HaUHOHaJIHCTHshy
QeCKHM pe)KHMOM KeMaJ1lgt-namH B TelleHHe nocneAYIOmHX JIJlTH8AUlshy
TH MeCJlUeB KpeMJIb cua6A8J1 apMHIO KeMaJIJI BOeHHllIM cuapJI)Keshy
HHeM AOCTaTOllHhIM AJIJI 3KHDHpoBKH TpeX AHBH3HH KpoMe Toro
MOCKBa 3HalfHTeJIbHO YBeJ1HqHJIa KpeAHTbI AJIJI 3aKynKH TYPuKeil
BoeHHoro CHapB)KeHHJI He CTaB pemaIOIuKM cpaKTopoM COBeTCKaJI
nOMOmb Bce )Ke cnoco6cmOBaJIa n000Ae KeMaJIJI BaA rpeQeCKHMH
CHJIaMH oceHbIO 1922 r 3TOT 3Im30A MO)KeT ClfHTaTbCJI nepBhIM
HCTOpHtJecKHM npHMepoM cOBeTcKoH BoeHHOil nOMomH HHOCTpaHshy
HOMY pe)KHMY BeAYmeMY BOHHy
npyroH npHMep COBeTCKoro AHDJIOMaTHlfeCKoro H BoeHHoro
yqaCTHJI B perHOHaJIbHhIX KOHCPJIHKTaX B paHHHH nepHoA COBeTcKoH
HCTOpHH HMeJI Mecro B 1923middot1927 rr KorIJa MocKBa OKa3hIBaJIa
nOMomb rOMHHhIJaHy - 6a3HpymmeilCJI B KaHTOHe HauHOHaJ1lgtHOshy
PeBonIOuKoHHoil napTHH A-pa CyH HTceHa BeIJYmero 6oph6y 3a
oi5beIJHHeHHe nOA ero PYKOBOACTBOM nepe)KHBaBmero pacKon KHshyTaB 3TO 6bIJlO nepBoe Cephe3HOe HcnhITaHHe neHHHcKoH cTpaTerHH
oi5beIJHHeHHoro cppoHTa H OHO 3aKOHtJHJIOCh nonHbIM npoBaJIOM
3TO 6hIJIa OIJHa H3 caMhIX cnO)K8bIX onepauKH 3a BCIO HCTOPHIO
COBeTCKOH AHIIJIOMaTHH nOAAep)KHBaJI AHIIJIOMamlleCKHe OTHomeshy
HHJI C BeChMa cna6hIM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM KHTaHCKOil Pecny6JIHKH
B neKHHe MOCKBa yCTaHOBHJIa OTHomeHHJI C rOMHHbAaHOM H PJlshy
AOM BoeHHbIX cpe0IJaJ10B KOHTPOJIHPYIOIuKX pa3JIHtJHhIe paHOHhI
KHTaB KpoMe Toro 6bIJI YCBJIeH H 003 Toro 3HalfHTeJIhHhIil KOHTshy
panb HaA MaJIOlfHcneHHoH KOMMYHHCTH1leCKOH napmeil KHTaJI KOTOpaJI nocne 1922 r 06pa3oBana eAHHbIH CPPOHT C rOMHHbAaHOM
fOMHHbAaHo-KoMMYHHCTHlfecKHH CPPOHTC03AaHHbIH rnaBHhIM 06shy
pa30M yCHJ1HJIMH COBeTCKOrO AHIIJIOMaTa ~onhcpa Hocpcpe CTan
lJlIJi KpeMJIJI KaHaJIOM C nOMOmbIO KOTOPOro OH B TeQeHHe HeCKOJIbshy
KHX JIeT oK83bman BJ1HJIHHe Ha nOnHTHKY rOMHHbIJaHa
B JlHBape 1923 r CyH JlTceH H Hocpcpe nOAJIHCanH COrnameHHe
o nOJIHTHlIeCKOM H BoeHHOM cOTpyAHHtJeCTBe B SBrYCTe npeACTaBHshy
TeJIh HauKOHanHCTOB reHepan lIaH KailmH nOCeTHJI MOCKBY AJIJI 06CY)KIJeHHJI B03MO)KHOCTeil BOeHHoil nOMOmH roMHHbIJaHy co
26 27
CTOPOHbl CCCP Bo BpeMJI noro BH3HTa areHT KOMHHTepHa MHxaHl1
BopoJJHH maBHbIH KOOpJJHHarop COBeTCKOH nOnHTHKH B KHTae
BllJIOTb AO 1927 r HaJ1paBHllCfI B KnTaH BO maBe Aenerarnm H3
HeCKOllbKHX BoeHHbIX COBetHHKOB - BetepaHOB rpaJKJaHCKOH BOHRbl
H BblnyCKHHKOB BOeHHOH AKaJeMHH KpacHoH ApMHH 3TH COBeTCshy
KHe BoeHHble COBeTHHKH CblrpanH BeAymyID pOllb B C03JaHHH yKOMnshy
neKTOBaHHH H QgtHHaHCHPOBaHHH BoeHHOH aKaJeMHH BaMny MH3KaHshy
TOHa B KOTOPOH 06yqallHCb 6yuyIUHe KHTaHCKHe oQgtuuepbl B Mae
1925 r ewe OJHa 60llbllUJI rpynna COBetCKHX COBeTHHKOB npH6b1JIa
B KaRTOH AJ1fI 60eBoro 06yqeHHH oQgtuuepcKoro COCTaBa HIwHOHallbshy
HOH peBOJ1IOLUlOHHOH apMHH (HPA) COBeTCKnH COlO3 HanpaBHllAJ1fI
HPA Qepe3 BnaJHBOCTOK BoeHHoe CHapfIlKeHHe BKJ1IOUlJI 60nee
23 TbIC WT crpellKoBoro 0pylKHH H 6onblllYIO naprHIO 60enpHllacoB
ComaCHO COBetCKHM HCToqHHKaM CTOHMOCTb 0pylKHH nOCTaBneHshy
Horo B HPA K AeKa6plO 1925 r COCTaBHlla 2 MllH AOnJIapoB C pacshy
IUHpeHHeM rpalKJaHCKOH BOHmI B KHTae COBetCKHe COBetHHKH H
OqeBHJHO HeCKonbKO BOHHCKHX nOApa3AeneHnH yqaCTBOBallH B
60eBbIX AeHCTBHHX qaCTeH HPA B nepBble MeCfI1Jb1 qpe3BbNaHHO
ycnelllHoH ceBepHOH 3KcneAHUHH laH KaHIIIH CCCP cHa6lKall nOAshy
pa3AeneHHH ero apMHH KOPOTKOBOllHOBOH paJHOannapaTypOH a
COBetCKaH aBualUDl BpeMJI OT BpeMeHH OCywecTBllfIJ1a TaKTHlIeCKHe
6oM6aPAHPOBKH pa3BeAKY H AOCTaBKy rpY3oB B TO BpeMfI B KHTae
HaXOAHllOCb B03MOlKH0 60neee 1 TblC COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB
I10 HpoHHH HCTOPHH HaMepeHHe CTallHHa nenefIBlllero HaAelKshy
uy ITO KHTaHCKHe KOMMYHHCTbI npelKJe qeM nOpBaTh C rOMHHbshy
]aHOM BbllKMyY ero KaK llHMOH ocyweCTBHllOCb TaK CKaJaTb
HllH3HaHKY COnepHHleCTBO MelKoy KOMMYHHCTaMH H HauHOHaJIHCshy
TaMB BHyYpH oooeJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa nOCTOfIHHO YCHllHBaJIOCb B03shy
HHKaJIH HaJ1pfIlKeHHble CHryarnm H HHlUIAeHTbl KOTopble npHBenH
K paCKOny rOMHHbJaHa H BnocneACTBHH B anpene 1927 r KOMMyshy
HHCTbI B lIIaHxae 6bmH HCTpe6neHbl HX COI03HHKaMH-HaLUlOHanHCshy
raMB IIIaHxaHcKafI pe3HH npHBena K nonHOMY pa3pbmy CCCP
C HaLUlOHaJIHCTaMH ITO 6b1J1o no cyweCTBY npOBaJIOM COBeTCKHX
nOUbITOK npoHHKHOBeHHfI B KnTaH XOTfI nOnblTKa KpeMJ1fI COTPYAshy
HHlaTb C KHTaHCKHMH H3IUIOHaJIHCTaMH 3aKOHIHJ1aCb npoBallOM
ee 003 COMHeHHfI MOlKHO paCCMatpHBaTb KaK 3alaTOK COBetCKoro
nOJXOAa K MeCTHblM KOHQgtnHKTaM H HCllOnb30BaHHH BoeHHOH noshy
MOWJI ApyrHM rOCYAaPCTBaM B nOJIHTHlIeCKHX UeJ1fIX B pe3yJIbTaTe
28
noro OnbITa KpeMlleBCKOe PYKOBOACTBO OC03HaJIO pHCK cnHlllKOM
TeCHOH CBfI3H BHeIllHenOJIHTJieCKHX ueneH CCCP C CYJbGaMH MeCTshy
HbIX KOMllapm KpoMe TOro lllaHXaHCKaH pe3HH nOJtjepKHYna
BagtKHOCTb npaBHllbHOH oueHKH waHca CHll H MeCTHOH nonHTJiecshy
KOH CHTyarnm C nOMOWblO c60pa pa3BeJbIBaTenbHOH HHQgtOpMarnm
H auaJIH3a HaKOHeu KHTaHCKnH npoBaJI B03MOlKHO 06bfICHHeT
OCTOpolKHOCTb H onaCKY C KOTOPOH CCCP OTHOCHllCfI K yqaCTHlO
B JIOKallbHbIX KOHQgtJIHKTax B TeqeHHe nocneAYIOWHX copOKa
neT illaHxaHCKaH pe3HH 03HalaJ1a KOHeu no KpaHHeH Mepe AO noshy
pbl AO BpeMeHH CTpaTernu oooerumeHHoro QgtpoHTa C HaUIOHaJIHCTHshy
qeCKHMH ABHlKeHHfIMH CQgt0PMYJIHPOBaHHOH neHHHblM 3a ceMb neT
]10 noro co6blTHfI I10cne 1927 r HaLUlOHaJ1bHYIO 6YPlKYa3HIO
nepecTanH ClHTaTh BalKHbIM HHcrpYMeHTOM pacnpocrpaHeHHH peshy
BonlOUHOHHblX HAeH B KonOHHaJIbHOM MHpe Cepbe3Hble nOllJUKH
pa3lKHraHHfI peBOJIIOUHH 3a pyOOlKOM no cyweCTBY npeKpaTHllHCb B
30-x roJax CCCP CTaJI cocpeAOraIHBaTbCfI Ha BHyYpeHHHX npofilIeshy
Max no TeopHH nocrpoeHHH counanH3Ma B OJHOH crpaHe I1peAoTshy
BpaWeHHe npfIMbIX yrp03 HaUHOHallbHOH 6e30naCHocTH CCCP CTaJ10
npeofiJIaAaIOIUHM acneKTOM BHelllHeH nonHTHKH MocKBbl OKKynashy
UHfI HnOHHeH MaHbllKYpHH B ceHTfI6pe 1931 r H npHXOA fHTJIepa
K BllaCTH B fepMaHHH B fIHBape 1933 r nOCTaBHll COBeTcKH8 COlO3
nepeA nepcneKTHBoH HMeTb Aeno C pacryIUHMB BpalKAe6HbIMH
CH1IaMB Ha ABYX QgtpoHTax I10A yrp0308 BOHHbI Ha ABYx QgtpoHTax
B03MOlKHOCTb KOTOP08 nOCTOfIHHO B03pacTaJIa B TeqeHHe AeCfITHlleshy
THfI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTOlHJ1CfI Ha C03JaHHH MEraquoltaYHAPOJJH() IOoooeJJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa npoTHB nOTeHllHallbHbIXBparoB COBeTCshy
Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQgtJ1HKraX B 30-x
roJax cneuyeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme OJHoro H3 acneKTOB noshy
llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOTshy
BpaweHHe HllH OTTfIrHBaHHe yrpolKalOwero BCDblXHyYb nOlKapa a He
Ha JaJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHHfI KOTopbIe B03MOlKH0
6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee
AeCfITHlleTHe
B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3HaIHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO
nOMOWb npaBHTenfIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYAlKeHIO (1931-1933 rr)
H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO (1933-1943 rr) BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe
KOHQgtllHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH QgteoAaJIaMH
29
feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH
nOMOlllbIO npOTHB JpyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX qeOnanOB
B 1934 r B nOMOWb reHepany lIIeuy 6bl1IH HanpaBneHbI
JBe 6pmaJbI HKBJl H aBHaUHOHHas qaCTb B 1937 r illeH BHOBb 06paTHJICH 3a nOMOWbIO K CCCP H BHOBb eMY
6bIIIH nocnanDl BOHHCKHe nOJpalJeneHWI H BOllJyUIHoe
npHKpbITHe KpoMe Toro 6bIIIO nOCTaBneHO 06MynlJHPoshy
BaHHe JnH JecHTHTDlCHqHOH CHHbU3HHCKOH apMHH B YPYMshy
qu 6bIII nOCTpoeH coBeTcKHH C60POIHbIH aBHaUROHHbIH 3ashy
BOJ H B 1938middot1939 rr HeCKOnbKO COT COBeTCKHXnerqHl(OB
Benu 06yqeHHe B CeKpeTHOH neTHOH WKOne B KynbJ)Ke 7
ITpeJnaras nOMOWb CHHbu3HHCKHM BOeHHbIM qeOnanaM
CCCP o6ecnequn ce6e lHaquTenbHoe BOeHHoe npHcyTCTBHe B paHOshy
He KOTOPbIH HMen 6bI BIDKHoe CTpareruqeCKoe lHaqeHHe B cnyqae
BOHnDl C HnOHHeH B 1932 r MocKBa BOCCTaHOBHna OTHOIIIeHWI
C rOMHHbJaHOM HaXOJIJuHMCH y BnaCTH B ITeKHHe K nery 1937 r
KHTaHCKo-HnOHcKHH KOHqnHKT npeBpaTHJICH B HacTOHwYIO BOiiHy
B aBrYCTe CCCP 3aKnIOqun naKT 0 HeHanaJeHHH C HaUROHallHCTuqecshy
KHM npaBHTenbCTBoM KHTas ITo ycnOBHHM 3TOro cormlIueHHH
CCCP OqeBHJHO 06H3bIBallCH nOCTaBnHTb BOopYKeHHe H BoeHHoe
cnapJDKeHHe B 06MeH Ha CbIPre
KpynHbIe BoeHHble nOCTaBKH nocneJOBallH qepel CHHbu3HH
B JIamTDKoy Ha ceBepo-3analJe KHTu nonHbIH o6beM 3THX nOCTashy
BOK HeH3BecTeH HO OHH BKnI01f8J1H COTHH BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
TbICsqu nyneMeToB H 6onbIIIoe qucno aprunnepHHcKHx YCTanoBoK
H rpY30BHKOB CornacHo HeKOTOPDlM Hcro~KaM COBeTcKHH COI03
B TO BpeMH 3KHnHPOBall OT 10J0 20 KHTaHCKHX JHBH3HH 3cKaJshy
pHnbH COBerCKHX 6oM6aPlJHPOBWHKOB H HCTpeooTeneH ynpaBnHeshy
MU KaK yrBep~ocb COBeTCKHMH nHnOTaMH-J06poBonbuaMH
yqaCTBOBalla B BoeHHbIX JeHCTBHHx Ha CTopoHe KHraHCKHX HaUROshy
HaJIHCTOB B JeKa6pe 1937 r BonbIIIoe qucno BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
npHcnaHHbIX CCCP HauHOHanHCraM 6Dlno c06pano Ha 3aBOJe B
YPYM1IHmiddot Jj 1935-1939 rr H3-la PHJa nor~x HHuHJeHTOB B03HHK
na yrpo3a coBeTcKo-HnoHcKoH BOHHbI ITPOH30IImH JBa KpynHbIX
KOHqnHKTa - Ha 03epe Xacan nerOM 1938 r H B paHoHe XallxuHmiddotfoshy
na C Mas no ceHTH6pb 1939 r B KOTOPbIX npHHHnH Y1J3CTHeJo 50 TDlC
BoeHHocnYgtKalI(HX H KpynHbIe aBHaUROHHble COeJHHeHHH B KIDKAOM
cnyqae BOeHHbIe CTOJIl(HOBeHHSI He npHHecnH n06elJy HH OJHOH H3 croshy
pOH H CywecTBOBaBIIIHH npe)K)le cTaryCKBO 6bIn BOCCTaHOBneH HO
3TH KOHqnHKTbI CBHlJeremCTBOBanH 0 BepOHTHOCTH BOHHbI MelKlJy
MOCKBOH H T OKHO B nOM KOHTeKCTe COBeTCKU nOMOWb HaIIHOHa
nHCTuqeCKHM CHnaM B KHTae CTalla COcraBHOH 1J3CTbIO 060POHHOH noshy
nHTHKH CCCP HanoJ06He nOMOWH KOTOPYIO OKalbIBanH COBeTCKOshy
MY COIOlY COeJHHeHHble lIITaTDl H BenHK06pHTanHSl no neHJ-nH3y
TaKOH crpaTernqeCKHH noJXoJ K npo6neMe HauHOHallbHOH
6e30nacHocm onpeJenHn peIIIeHHe CTanHHa npHHHTlgt yqacme B
rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B 1936-1939 rr KaK llHcan NaM
YnaM COBerCKoe npaBHTenbCTBo MeHbIIIe Bcero lJyManO 0 TOM
lT06Dl npeBpaTHTb HCnaHHIO B CBoero carennHTa8 nocKonbKY B
TO BpeMH CCCP nbITallCH 3aBOeBaTb JOBepHe BenHK06pHTaHHH
H cl)paHUHH H COTpYJHH1J3Tb C HHMH B uenHX C03JaHHSI aHTHqaIIIHCTC
KOH KOallHUHH HcnancKHe KOMMYHHCTbI nonyqHnH YKalaHHe
BCHqeCKH nOJJepXltHBaTb elJHHbIH qpom C pecny6nHKauuaMH
MOCKBa Jenalla Bce BOlMO)KHOe lT06bI COXpaHHTb B TaHHe CBoe
yqacTHe B rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B COCTaBe copoKaTbICHqshy
HbIX HHTepHaURoHanbHbIX 6pHralJ COlJaHHbIX KOMHHTepHOM
H3 J06poBonbueB MHornx crpan MHpa He 6bIIIO COBeTCKHX rpalK
JaH OJHaKO 60nee 2 TbIcCOBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H Texshy
HHqeCKHX cneuHanHCTOB HaXOJHnHCb B HcnaHHH H COBeTCKoe npamiddot
BHTenbCTBO nOCTOHHHO nOCTaBnxno pecny6nKKauuaM BoeHHoe 060
PYJoBaHHe Pecny6nHKanCKoMY npaBKTenbCTBY 6bIII npeJoCTaBneH
KpeJHT Ha 85 MnH JonnapoB COBeTcKHe HcnaucKHe HJpyrHeTopromiddot
BbIe cylJa JOCTaBnHnH 60nbIIIHe napTHH BoeHHoro CHapHlKeHHSI B Hcnamiddot
HRIO B xOJe BOHHDI cPpanKHcTcKHe CHnbI nOTOnHnH HnH 3axBaTHJIH
HecKonbKo COBeTCKHX CYJOB npH 3TOM HMenKCb qenOBeqeCKHe
lKepTBDl fepMancKHH BoeHHbIH aTTarue Ha6nIOJaBIIIHH la COBeTCKH
MH BOeHHbIMH nOCTaBKaMH B HcnaHHIO npHBen TaKHe JaHHbIe 0 HHX
164 CYJHa JocraBHnH 242 BoeHHblX caMoneTa 703
apmnnepHHcKHX 0PYlJHSl 27 3eHHTOK 731 TaRK 1386 rpYloBHKoB
69200 T Jpyrnx BoeHHblX rpy30B 29125 T 6oenpHnacoB a TaKlKe
28 049 T 6eH3HHa 100 aBTOMaTOB 500 ray6HU 187 TpaKTOpoB
325 T MeJHuHHCKOrO 060pYJoBaHWI H MeJHKaMemOB 27 278 T
HeqTH-cbIPua 5650 T CMalOlHbIX MaTepHanOB 450 T oJelKJbI
H 920 oqHuepOB H ConJaT9
31
30
3anSAHbIe HCTOpHKH XblO TOMac H JIyuC 4Imuep ClIHTalOTlITO
B 3THX BbIKJIaroltax repMaHCKorO anaIlle HCTHHHbIe pa3MepbI COBeTCshy
KHX nOCTaBOK B HCOaHHIO 3aHHXlteHbI1 0
TIoCTeneHHO peIllHMOCTb CTarIHHa BOCOpenHTCTBOBaTb no6erte
qaIllH3Ma B HCOaHHH cna6eJIa K TOMY )Ke CJIO)KHaH 33Aala nOCTOHH-
HbIX nOCTaBOK Ha ~bHHe paCCTOHHHH 6bIlla He nOA CHJIY CCCP
KaK TOJIbKO COBeTCKoe PyKOBOACTBO npHIllJIO K BbWOAY lITO JIOHshy
AOH TIapH)K H BannmrTOH He 3aHHTepeCOBaHbI B COlO3e C CCCP
npoTHS ~CTCKOH repMaHHH CTaDHH CTaJI paCCMaTpHBaTb B03shy
MO)KHOCTb crOBopa C repMaHHeH BnOCl1eACTBHH 6bIll 3aKJIIOIeH
oaKT MOJIoToBa-PH66eHTpona 0 HeHanalJeHHH nOADHcaHHbIH B aBshy
ryCTe 1939 r EBpona OKa3aJIaCb B npe)JllBepHH nO)Kapa
TaKHM 06pa30M B nepHoA OT OKTH6pbCKOH peBOJIIOuHH
H AO BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI CCCP BbICTynaJI B POJIH OCHOBHoro
nOCTaBmHKa 0PYXltHlI B TpeX KOHcpJIHKTaX - B 6oPb6e rOMHHbAashy
HOBCKHX H~OHaJIHCTOB B KHTaHCKO-HOOHCKOH BOHHe H B rpaXltshy
MHCKOH BOHRe B HcoaHHH a TaK)Ke npeADpHHHJl HeCKOJIbKO MeHee
maIHTeJIbHbIX nonbITOK OKa3aTb BJIHHHHe Ha HCXOA JIOKaJIbHbIX
cnopoB B PaHOHax TpalHlJltOHHO npeACTaBJIHBIllHX HHTepec AHH POCCHH 3n TeHlJeHIUUI npoAOJIXltanaCb B TeleHHe HeCKOJIbKHX
JIeT nOCl1e BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI JlHrnb C cepeAHHbI 50-x rOAOB
CCCP HalHHaeT npeADPHHHMaTb Cepbe3HbIe yCHJlHH no paCIllHpeHHIO
BJIHHHHH B CTpaHaX TpeTberO MHpa 3a npeAeJIaMH TpauHlUIOHHbIX
HHTepeCOB POCCHH H JIHIllb BCl1eA 3a 3THM 3KCOOpr BoopyxlteHHil
CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbIM HHCTpyMeHTOM COBeTCKOH BHellIHeH nOJIUTHshy
KH TeM He MeHee B MeXltBOeHHbIe roIJbI KpeMJIb nOJlYlHJl BaXltHbIH
npaKTHqeCKHH ypoK KacalOmuHcH npHpoAbI JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHqJIHKshy
TOB JIHMHTOB H B03MO)KHOCTeH BoeHHOH nOMolliH H TbmOBbIX 3ashy
l]aq CBH3aHHbIX C TPaHCOOPTHpOBKOH 0PYXltHH H BoeHHOH nOMOmH
B OT~eHHbIe OT CCCP paHOHbI
I IlEPHOll nepHoA lJByx narepea (1945-1953 rr)
TIepBbIH nepHoA nOCl1eBoeHHoro COBeTCKoro yqacTHH B KOHshy
CPJIHKTax TpeTberO MHpa npHxoIJHTcH Ha nOCl1eIJHHe 8 JIeT npaBJIeHHH
CTaJIHHa B 3TOT nepHoA yqacme CCCP B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHqJIHKTaX
CBOlJHJlOCb K nOIJAepXltKe KOMMynHCTHIeCKHX peXltHMOB 3aBHCHshy
MbIX OT COBeTCKoro COI03a llaXlte pyrHHHbIe COBeTCKHe nOCTaBKH
opyXltHH npoH3BoIJHJIHCb noITH HCKJIIOlHTeJIbHO KOMMynHcmqeCKHM
peXltHMaM H lJBHxreHHHM B EBpone H A3HH Ha XIX Che3Ae KOMMYshy
HHCTHIeCKOH napTHH CCCP H CTaJIHH Hero 6JlH)KaHIllHH COTPYAlIHK
reoprnn MaJIeHKoB cqOPMYJIHPOBaJIH Te3HC 0 pa3AeJIemm MHpa Ha
ABa OCHOBHbIX JIarepH - HMDepHaJIHCTHqeCKHH H CODHaJIHCTHqeCKHH
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mHe nOIJAep)KKH CCCPll 3Ta TOIKa 3peHHH 3HaIHTeJIbHO orpaHHshy
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maBHOH npHlHHOH BHJlOcm 3aurpbWaHHH MOCKBbI C HeKoMMynHcshy
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JIHIllb CBOHX KOMMYHHCTHlIeCKHX KJIHeHTOB B 1947 r OqeBHAlIO
C OA06peHHH MOCKBbI tIexoCl1oBaKHH npeAoCTaBHJla B pacnopHXltemiddot
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crpeJIKOBoro OPYXltHH 6oenpHOacbI H HeCKOJIbKO Hcrpe6HTeJIeH Mecshy
cepIllMHIJT COBeTcKoe PyKOBOACIBO BHlJHMO ClIHTaJIO lITO nOAshy
Aep)KKa eBpeHcKoro oCB060AHTeJIbHOrO ABIDKeHHH nOMO)KeT OCJIashy
6HTb n03HuHH BeJlHK06pmaHHH Ha BJIHXltHeM BocToKe TI03Al1ee npH
XpymeBe B KpeMJIe yrBeplJHJlacb TOlKa 3peHHH ITO paCyYIllHH apa6cmiddot
KHH HaIJHOHaJIB3M MO)KeT ropa3AO nyqrne cny)KHTb yKpenneHHIO coshy
BeTCKoro BJIHHHHH B 3TOM perHOHe
TIepBbIM npHMepoM COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B nOCl1eBoeHHoM
KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJI KHTaH TIoCl1e HenpoIROro nepeMHpHH cymeCTBOshy
BaBIllero BO BpeMH BOHRbI C RnOHHeH rpaXltAaHCKaH BOHRa Me)KiJy
HaJJHOHarIHCTaMH H KOMMymlCTaMH B0306HOBHJlaCb B He6bWaJIbIX
npe)KiJe MaCIllTa6ax KaK H Cl1eAOBaJIO O)KHiJaTb COBeTCKHH COlO3
npeAHO)KHJl BoeHHYIO nOMomb Mao U3eAYHY B TO BpeMH KaK CiliA
B IllHpoKHX Macnrra6ax nOCnBJIHJlH opYXltHe H - He MeHee HHTeHshy
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BaBIHHe 00 ofipa30BaHHJl rocyoapcTBa IhpaHnlgt B 1948 r
32 33
TeppHTopHH CTpaHlll K KOHUY 1949 r CoBeTcKoe ytmCTHe B rpa)l(shyuaHCKOH BOHHe B KHTae 61111I0 BeCllMa OCTOPO)l(HllIM H TaHHllIM H CKopee Bcero He OHO 6bllI0 peW3IOllUIM lPaKTOPOM B Hcxoue BOHHbl COBeTCKaJ[ apMHH npH 3BaKY~ H3 MaHlllDKYpHH nepeuana KHTaHCKHM KOMMYHHCTaM 60nbwHe 3anaCbI TpOlPeHHOrO snOHCKOshyro opY)I(HS lITO n03BOJIHTI0 HM 3aHSTh BblrouuyIO CTpaTernleCKYIO n03HWfIO Ha nOH TeppHTOpHH TeM He MeHee MocKBa npouonXltllJla npH3HaBaTb H~OHanHCTHIeCKoe npaBHTenbCTBO KHTaJ[ ualKe cnyeshyTS HecKonbKo Mecs~eB noene Toro KaK HeH36elKHOCTb ero nop8)l(eshyHHS CTana OleBHJlIOH H HHblMH cnoco6aMH IJeMOHCTpHpoBana HeshylKenaHHe aKTHBHO nOMeplKHBaTh Mao U3eAYHa 1 2 IIpHlHHllI 3TOH OCTOPOlKHOCTH CTanHHa He COBceM nOHSTHbl
IIo6eua KHTaHcKHX KOMMYHHCTOB H ycneWHoe YKpeWIeHHe coBeTcKoH rereMOHHH B BoCTOIHOH EBpone 003 COMHeHHS 6bmH uns CTanHHa Hero Konner CTHMYnOM K nepeCMOTpy BHeWHeH nonHshyTHKH KaK H nepBbIH COBeTCKHH HcnbITaTenbHblH suepHbIH B3pbm B aBrycTe 1949 r 3TH C06b1THS H3MeHHnH npelKHHe npeuCTaBlIeHHS COBeTCKoro PYKOBouCTBa 0 ena60CTH CCCP no CpaBHeHHIO C CIlIA H nOlIO)l(HlIH HaIaHO 60nee aKTHBHOMY BHeWHenOlIHTHIeCKOMY KYPshycy Ha nOMeplKKY peBOlIIO~OHHbLX uBH)l(eHHH 3a npeuenaMH CCCP KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHe BOCCTaHHS B pa3lIHlHbLX paHOHaX A3HH nOClIe n06eIJbI KOMMymtCTOB B KHTae OXBaTHlIH 3ry qaCTb CBeTa Ha lOr OT MaHbl)l(ypHH HaIaHaCh 6oPb6a B HHuoKHTae B 1947-1948 rr 6hmH nOnblTKH BOCCTaHHH B UHIJoHe3HH Ha cDHITHDDHHaX B Mananshy3HH H B HeCKonbKHX paHOHaX HHuHH 3apsu yaepeHHOCTH KOTOPblH no6eua Mao npHuana MHPOBOMY KOMMYHHCTHleCKoMYIJBH)l(eHHIO B03MOlKHO CTan OCHOBHhIM lPaKTOPOM peweHHS CTanHHa nOMepshylKaTh HanaIJeHHe CeBepHoH KOpeH Ha KOpeHCKYIO Pecny6lIHKY B Ko~e HIOHS 1950 r IIy6nHlHo o6bsBneHHhJe rocyuapCTBeHHbJM ceKpeTapeM AIecoHoM MHpoBhle 060poHHTenbHllle PY6e)I(H CIlIA He BKnIOI8lIH KopeIO 3TO nOIlTH HaaepHSKa 6bllI0 upyrHM BalKHeHUIHM lPaKTOPOM CTanHHCKoro peweHHS Tpyuuo nOBepHTh lITO KpeMITb n03BOJIHTI 6hl IIxeHbSHY aTaKOBaTh IOlKHYIO KOpeIO eenH 6hJ npeunoshylIaran MomHblH BoeHHbIH orneT CIlIA
KOpeHCKaJ[ BOHHa B ropa3uo 60nbweH CTeneHH eM rpalKshyIJaHCKaJ[ BOHHa B KHTae 6bllIa npOTHBOCTOSHHeM COBeTCKoro COlOshyla H COeIJHHeHHllLX IlITaTOB Pa3uelIeHHe KopeH caMO no ce6e 6hllI0
pe3YlIllTaTOM 6opb6hI Me)l(Ily CCCP H CIlIA 3a BlIHSHHe B MHH Cpa3y lKe noene no6eIJbJ HaIJ HnoHHeH KopeHCKaJ[ BoRHa 6blCTPO nepepoena H3 lIOKanbHoro KOHlPnHKTa no nOBOuy Toro KTO 6yueT npaBHTh 3TOH CTpaHOH B CTpaTerHIeCKOe conepHHleCTBO CBepxaepshy)I(8B BaUIHHrTOH OKa3llman nOMeplKKY pe)I(HMY JlH CbJHmiddot MaRa aBH~eH BoeHHO-MopCKHMH CHITaMH COTHSMH TaHKOB H BOHHCKHshyMH qaCTHMH KOTopllle HaClHThmaITH 60nee 200 ThIC BoeHHoen~ashymHX CCCP npeuoCTaBHIT apMHH KHM Up CeHa TaHKH BoeHHble cashyMOneThl H BoeHHhLX COBeTHHKOB IIoene MHOrOKpaTHbIxnpeuynpelKshyueHHH lITO nepeceleHHe aMepHKaHCKHMH BOHCKaMH 38-H napanneJIH BCTpeTHT conpOTHBlIeHHe B Hos6pe B BOHHy BCryDHlI IIeKHH HanshypaBHB B KopeIO COTHH ThJCSI BoeHHOcny)l(amHX CnyCTS TpH roua H DOcne rH6elIH MHlIlIHOHa CnHUlHHM IelIOBeK 6bllIO uOCTHrHYTO nepeshyMHpHe nonOlKHBwee KOHe~ BOHHe H YCTaHOBHBWee B Kopee cTaryeshyKBO 60lIee HITH MeHee aHanOrHlJHblH ee uOBoeHHOH nonHTHIeCKOH CTPYKrype KopeHCK3S BORHa 03HaMeHOBana HaIaHO HHTeHCHBHOH xonOIJHOH BOHHbl Me)l(Ily CCCP H CIlIA 6hIcTpoe H npoCToe npHMHpeHHe CTano HeB03MOlKHblM AMepHKaHcKHe o60poHHbIe paCXOIJbl BO BpeMS KopeHcKoH BOHHbI yaelIHIHlIHCll 60nee IeM B TpH pa3a H noene ee OKOHl8HHS COKpaTHlIHCb He HaMHOro lHeneHshyHOCTb BoopY)l(eHHblX CHIT CIlIA B pa3rap KOpeHCKOH BOHHbl BbIpOclIa C 146 MITH IenOBeK uo 364 MITH IelIOBeK COBeTcKHe BoopYlKeHshyHble CHITbI TaKlKe 3HaIHTelIbHO yaeJIHIHlIHCh B xoue KOpeHCKOH BOHshyHbI B03MOlKH0 Ha 3 MlIH enOBeK KopeHcKHH KOHlPnHKT 3HaIHshytelIhHO YCKOpHIT YKpeWIeHHe HATO H TaKHM 06pa30M onpeuenHIT 6yuymue OTHOWeHHS Me)l(Ily CIlIA H CCCP KaK unHTenbHbIH 3acToH B EBpone H psu nOKanbHbLX BOHH B upyrnx paHOHaX MHpa paIJH npH06peTeHHS reorpalPHIeCKoro YCHITeHHS nOJIHTHIeCKHX npeHshyMYmeCTB
K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeHshyTOB n06eIJHTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03uancs HOshyBbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COeIJHHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06shylIauaJIH suepHbJM opY)l(HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH uOCTHrrra uOBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COeIJHHeHHhle IlITaTbl npoueshyMOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBOIJHTh nOlIHTHKY cuep)I(HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTHIeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP noshyKa3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXOucmy
34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
II DEPHOll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy (1953-1964 IT)
nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3~ CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr(HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npouecc geKOnOHH3~ oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MOgtKshyHOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHDHaTHB no 06xagtKHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJHOHHblMH H8DHoHan-6YPgtKY83HblX nHpepoB Ha BnHgtKHeM BocTOKe H B 1OgtKshyHOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTOmiddot paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953middot1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03pogtKAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH eJHHoro CPpoHTa HalJHOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr(HX CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe)f(HMOM c ero peBonlOlJHOHHblMH aHm-3ashynagHblMH uenSMH
06xagtKHBaHHe MOCKBOH CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa B nocneCTanHHCo Kyro 3py HaqanOCb C Man03aMemoro gtKeCTa B HIOne 1953 r npegcTashyBurenb CCCP B 3KOHOMHqeCKOM H oolJHanbHOM OOBeTe OOH omsshyBHJI qyO CCCP BHeeeT 4 MnH py6neH B nporpaMMy TeXHHqeCKOH noshyMOIr(U P83BHB8lOIlUIMCS CTpaHaM 3TO 6bln nOBopoT B MHorOnemeH ooBeTcKoH onno3HDHH nOH nporpaMMe U cuman 0 Haqane eepbe3shyHblX yCHJIuH CCCP B TpeTbeM MHpe B aBrycre 1953 r ManeHKoB BbICK83an 6narOCKnOHHOCTb HHJHH U BHpMe B gOKnape Ha eeCCHH BepxoBHoro COBeTa B ceHTs6pe 1953 r 6hm nognuCaH nJITHJIemHii ToproBhIH goroBop C MHgueH B 1954 r ACPraHHCTaH CTan nepBOH CTpaHOH TpeTberO MHpa nonyqHBmeH noene BTOPOH MUPOBOH BOHshyHhI KpegHThI OT CCCP B cpeBpane 1955 r 6blno OmJIBneHO 0 nepshyBOM KPynHOM npoeKTe ooBeTcKoH 3KOHOMftqeCKOH nOMOIlUl OgHOH U3 H8HMeHee pa3BHTbIX CTpaH MHpa - 0 cTpOHTenbCme B Bxunau MeTannypmqeCKOrO KOM6HHaTa B HHJHH CTOHMOCTblO CBhnue 100 MnH gonnapoB B HIOHe 1955 r npeMbep-MHHHCTp I1Hguu Hepy HaHec HCTOPUqeCKHH BH3HT B CCCP CnyCTJI HeCKonhKO MecsshyueB nocnepoBana IIIHpoKO p83peKnaMHpoBaHHaJI nOe3gKa XpYmeBa
H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U ACPraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx MashyHeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me)KJJy CBepAAepgtK8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfiblbull Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AePgtKaB OKa38nOCb HeO~M 0006shyIr(eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me)KJJy HaJJHoshyHanHCmqeCKHM pe)f(HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocnoshyBaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPYgtKeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bopcma MHrmiddot15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr(HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TSgtKenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiDa H 6oenpunacbl1 3 QcpH JJHanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBIIUlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIueB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP
H3Becme 06 3TOM gOroBOpe BhI3BanO rny60Kyro 03a60qeHshyHOCTb B 3anagHblX CTOnHD8X BoeHHble nOCTaBKH 03Haqanu HOByro rOHKy BoopygtKeHHii Ha BnHgtKHeM BOCToKe H yCHnHBanH HanPSgtKeHshyHOCTb B 3TOM paiioHe - 06 3TOM npeuynpegtKganH raponbg MaKshyMHnnaH H IlgtKOH ltIloCTep llannec Ho CT8BKOH 6blno HeqyO 6onbmee qeM ooxpaHeHHe pemOH8nhHOro 6anaHca COBeTcKHH COI03 npeogoshyneB CAepgtKHBalOllUIe creHbI BargagCKOrO naKTa 06pamn nOCT8BKH opygtKHJI B 3ltlgtcpeKTHBHhIH HHCTPYMeHT nOBopOTa perHOHanbHOH HanpIDJreHHOCm B CBOIO nonb3y CeHTS6phCKoe C006Ir(eHHe BbI3Bano 3Hry3H83M p8JHKanbHbIX apa6CKHX H8DHOHanHCTOB Beero 6nHgtKHeshyBOCTOllHoro pemOHa U OTKPblnO JJIS TpeTampero MHpa anhTepHaTHBY BoeHHOH 3aBUCHMOCm OT 3anaga
XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJHOHan))HOshyoCBo60JHTenbHhIM gBHgtKeHHJIM B TpeTampeM MHpe Ha XX Cbe3pe KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHBshyIllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJHnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH noshynUTHKU bull HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocypapcma ooBMecmo C OOlJHashynHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3~ roIJI OOBeTC KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH
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pHanH3Ma SBnJIeTCS BCeMHPHOUCTOpuqecKHM oo6blmeM nocneBoeHHoro nepuopa
36 37
HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MHshy
POBOH HCrOpHH KOfAa HapO)1h1 BocrOKa npHHHMaror
aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHoshy
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CTpaH cOIJHllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh
CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH
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op~e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH
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OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
CTpaHaM nOCJIY)I(HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA
CY3nKOH BOOOH (OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f) OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH
nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
TOllHO TaK )l(e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP
HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO
BpeM1l nOfpaHHlHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me)l()1y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B
38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
KOBoro op)KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO
MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
BeHHylO POJIb
CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIlb H3 Bcex
CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme (HOBaR fBHHeH) (1961-1962 IT) H B
KaMnaHHH nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe fpoMH ManaibHlO (1963shy1965 IT) llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb
COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an HeynOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb
nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBashy
JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero
npeeMHHK HeMerrneHHO BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npenCT3BHTeJIeH H3
KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AaJI MocKBe B03shy
MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
HalOIlHHCH ypoK
COBeTCKoe yqacme B r~CKoH BoiIHe B Jlaoce B 1960shy1961 rr TO)Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIlb oooe
AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
Jlao orpaHHIHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP)KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO
MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep)KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH
ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
Han 80 TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB
neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiIHO BbIrOAHblMH nnH MOCKBbI Coeshy
AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIlb laquoIlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHYshy
AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCTshy
Ba BnocnenCTBHH )l(eHeBCKHH noroBop nOnnHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe
1962 r rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca
3HaquTeJIbHO 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p)KIDI CTpaHaM
TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepIHYT HM8M AxMen
YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY
nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO)KllHshy
MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH
XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
Qepe3 Kaup
Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA
MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiIH H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb
Me)KDy CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe)KHshy
BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3KcueHTpHllHaR yrPO)K8mshy
maR MaHepa nOBeneHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO BnellameHHe
40 41
H 3aIIaA (TaK)I(e KaK H BoCTOK) HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI1leHHe
KOrAll XpyweB 6bDI CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM )JOBOJIbHO yHbDIO
BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
Hhle 1j0PMhl lleM B nocne)JOBaBlllHe ro)Jbl llpH XpyweBe CCCP
erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
l3II BbIrO)JHhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPYKeHHil )JJIII
BHymHTeJIbHOH )JeMOHCTpaIJHH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6eJKaMH CTpaHhl
COBeTCKoe PYKOBO)JCTBO OqeBH)JHO OC03HaJIO He06xO)JHMoCTh
H3MeHeHHII noro nOJIO)l(eHHII )JllJl npH06peTeHHII MOCKBOH Me)l()Jyshy
aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
BaulHHTTOH
TOMac Booamplaquop OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06peshy
TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqashy
ny 1960-x rO)JOB
JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn) )JeCIITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHHII
XpyweBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo)JHMOCTb B 60JIee nO)JBH)I(shy
HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK )JJIJI ymep)f()JeHHII COBeTCKoro
npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H )JllII B03MOJKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HHII
B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
JIeC006pa3HO npHMeHIITb yrP03Y HeMe)JJIeuaoro MepHQshyro HCTpe6neHHII18
HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI)JePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne
KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyweshy
Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJIshy
JIHCTHIIeCKHX paKeT nOITH B TpH pa3a npeBhlwana 3TOT nOKalareJIb
1962 r (200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75)
m nEPUOll 3apo)I()JeHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA )JOKTpHHLl
(196S-1972rr)
llPHXO)J K BJIaCTH BpeJKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r
nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO)JCTBa npoIIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOCshy
TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
MlIP)Jmiddot )JOJIJIapoBj erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opYJKHe H3
COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
HHrepHII KHop H Yr3HAl He60JIblllHe nO)l(epTBOB3HHII nOJIYTBlJIH
TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
Tax Ha npoTJIJKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no
cpasHeHHIO co BTOPbIM nepuO)JOM
B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH COI03 pa3BWI H paCIlIHpWI CBOH
rrporpaMMbI BOOHHOH nOMOmH ycoBepweHCTBOBaJI B03MOJKHOCTH
MOPCKHX H B03)JyWHhIX )JOCTaBOK H )J06WICII nporpecca B pa3Mepax
H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y)JapHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH IjJIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H
paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
MOJKHOCTJlX )JeMOHCTp3[(HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTashy
BaJI OT COe)JHHeHHblX IIITaTOB )JOCTHrHYThle HM ycnexu C)JeJIaJIH
COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIjJIHKTOB B reorpaljHIeCKH
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3H3TB1reJILHaJI qaCTb BHOBb C03)J3HHhIX CWI He HMeJIa cyweCTBeHHoro
lHaqeHHII )JJIII o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO)J ITO OHH
6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
)J06WICJI cywecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHII MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA
42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
BOAHhIX JIOAIltax B03pOCJIa co 120 AO 560 1loCTIDKeHHe J4lltpeIltTHBshy
Horo JlAepHoro napHTeTa 003 COMHeHHJl yKpellHJIO YBepeHHOCTh
COBeTCIltOrO PyKOBOACTBa H C03AaJIO COBeTCIltOMY COI03Y penytawno
CBepXAep)KaBhl CTOJIlUeH Ha OAHOM ypOBHe C CoeAHHeHHhlMH
IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
THB pemaIOlUee JlAepHoe npeBocXOACTBO BPHA JIH CTaIlH 6hl npeAshy
npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle IltapaTeJIbHble MephI
1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
JIH CeBepHhIH BWTHaM opY)KHeM H AO 1965 r HO nOCJIe Tom IltaK
COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll)KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO
YBeJIHlIHBaTh CBOH Ha3eMHbIe BoeHHhle CHJIhI BO BWTHaMe COBeTeshy
IltaH nOMOlUb CeBepHOMY BWTHaMY pe3Ilt0 B03poCJIa BCTynrreHHe
COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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op~eM CAeJIaIla 6hl CCCP YJl3BHMhIM AJlI 06BHHeHHH co CTOPOHbl
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
MYHHCTHlJeCIltHX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHHshy
lJeCTBO C lIeKHHoM B03MO)KH0 6bUIO ropa3AO 60JIee Ba)KHbiM AJlI
CCCP ltpaKTOPOM AJlI BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOHltpJIHIltT B POJIH nOCTaBshy
IUHKa opY)KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO )Ke
BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
paJIhHhle H3Aep~H 1TIJI 3aIUHTbI CTpaHbI BTopoCTeneHHoro CTpaTeshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCIltHe B03lJYIDHbIe 6oM6apshy
AHpoBIltH HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op~ 6oenpHDacax
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
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AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
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ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
HallanO 3TOMY pa30llapoBaHHlO Be MOJKHO OTHeCTH ygtKe K tJeTBepTOH
cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
HlpaH1IbCKHX KOHCPnHKTOB 3TO yqacTHe HHKorDa npegtKIJe He 6hlshy
no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
TorDa snepBhle COBeTCKHH COlO3 ocyrneCTBun MaCCOBhle H Henpeshy
pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
rpY30BbIX asuapeHCOB H OInpasneHo 30 COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX cyshylJOB TaK lITO apa6hl B xolJe 3Toro KOHCPnHKTa nonYIJHnH npHMepHO
100 ThlC T BOOPYgtKeHHH 3TH COBeTCKHe nOCTaBKH 3HaCfHTenbHO
npeBblWaJIH Bee DpeDWeCTBOBaBllDIe B TpeTHH MHP HeT HCTOPHshy
tJeCKHX napanneneH H CTeneHH BOBnetJeHHOCTH B lTy BOHHy COBeTCshy
KHX BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H BoeHHoro nepCOHaJIa COBeTCKHe BoeHshy
HbIe COBeTHHKH BeJlH TaHKH OT JIaTaKBH lJO llaMacKa ynpaBnanH
paDapHhlM 060pYlJOBaHHeM peMOHTHPOBaJIH 0PYlJH$l nOBpe)KleHshy
Hble B 6oax PYKOBOAHnH npoTHBOB03JlYlUllOH 060POHOH CHpHilCKHX
nOpToB IbBecmo QTO COBeTCKHe cneIJHaJIHCTbI conpoBO)KlaJlH
CHpHHCKHe Ha3eMHbIe BOHCKa nOBCIOly 3a BCKnIOtJeHHeM cppoHTa
60eBbIX lJeHCTBBH npB 3TOM no KpaiiHeH Mepe no OlJHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY COBeTHBKy B3 CCCP 6bInO npBKOMSHAHpoBSHO K KagtKAOMY
CHpHilCKOMY KOM3HlJHOMY nocTY HaCfHHaH OT KOMSHAHpa 6aTaJIboshy
Ha B BblWe cem COBeTCKBX B03lyWHhlX lBBBlHH HaXOAHnHCIo B
COCTOHHHH 6oeBoH rOTOBHOCTH 6onbwyro lIaCTb BOHHbI CfHClleHHOCTb
COBeTCKoro BoeHHO-MopCKoro cpnOTa B CpeDHleMHOM MOpe 6hlna
ysenHlJeHa AD 90 CYlJOB BKnIOIJaH HeCKonbKO lJeCSHTHhlX CYlJOB
CCCP HHKOrla He npeADpHHHMan nOlJo6Hbrx lJeHCTBHH B npownOM
Bonee Toro noene npeKpameHHH OrHH Ky6HHCKaH 6poHeTaHKOBaH
6pHT8Da 6hlna pa3Merneua no JlHHBH CHpBHCKoro cppoHTa OHa He
npHHHMaJIa yqaCTHH B 60eBbIx lJeHCTBBHX HO pa3MerneHHe 3TOH 6PBshy
ralhl MOJKHO paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK npelJlHaMeHOBaHHe SHaJIOrHlJRbIX
1JeHCTBHH B 6yDYIUHX KOHcpnBKTaX B TpeTbeM MHpe
JIHHHa COBeTCKOH lHMOMaIHH B OKTH6pbCKOH BOHHe 6hlna
TaKoH )Ke KaK B npeDWeCTBylOIUHX 6nBgtKHeBOCTOIIHhlX KOHCPnHKshy
Tax KpeMnb 1JeHCTBOBaJI OCTOPOJKHO CIJepgtKHBaH apa60B a B nocshy
nelJH101O MBHyTy BhlABBHYn yrPOly npaMoro BMemaTenbCTBa B
KOHCPJlHKT OlJHaKO 3Ta aHaJIOrHH He lJOOgtKHa laenOHaTb HeB3MepBshy
MO B03POCllDIX MaclllTa60B COBeTCKoro yqaCTBH B nOM KOHcpnBKTe
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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30-x roJax CCCP CTaJI cocpeAOraIHBaTbCfI Ha BHyYpeHHHX npofilIeshy
Max no TeopHH nocrpoeHHH counanH3Ma B OJHOH crpaHe I1peAoTshy
BpaWeHHe npfIMbIX yrp03 HaUHOHallbHOH 6e30naCHocTH CCCP CTaJ10
npeofiJIaAaIOIUHM acneKTOM BHelllHeH nonHTHKH MocKBbl OKKynashy
UHfI HnOHHeH MaHbllKYpHH B ceHTfI6pe 1931 r H npHXOA fHTJIepa
K BllaCTH B fepMaHHH B fIHBape 1933 r nOCTaBHll COBeTcKH8 COlO3
nepeA nepcneKTHBoH HMeTb Aeno C pacryIUHMB BpalKAe6HbIMH
CH1IaMB Ha ABYX QgtpoHTax I10A yrp0308 BOHHbI Ha ABYx QgtpoHTax
B03MOlKHOCTb KOTOP08 nOCTOfIHHO B03pacTaJIa B TeqeHHe AeCfITHlleshy
THfI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTOlHJ1CfI Ha C03JaHHH MEraquoltaYHAPOJJH() IOoooeJJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa npoTHB nOTeHllHallbHbIXBparoB COBeTCshy
Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQgtJ1HKraX B 30-x
roJax cneuyeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme OJHoro H3 acneKTOB noshy
llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOTshy
BpaweHHe HllH OTTfIrHBaHHe yrpolKalOwero BCDblXHyYb nOlKapa a He
Ha JaJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHHfI KOTopbIe B03MOlKH0
6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee
AeCfITHlleTHe
B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3HaIHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO
nOMOWb npaBHTenfIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYAlKeHIO (1931-1933 rr)
H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO (1933-1943 rr) BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe
KOHQgtllHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH QgteoAaJIaMH
29
feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH
nOMOlllbIO npOTHB JpyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX qeOnanOB
B 1934 r B nOMOWb reHepany lIIeuy 6bl1IH HanpaBneHbI
JBe 6pmaJbI HKBJl H aBHaUHOHHas qaCTb B 1937 r illeH BHOBb 06paTHJICH 3a nOMOWbIO K CCCP H BHOBb eMY
6bIIIH nocnanDl BOHHCKHe nOJpalJeneHWI H BOllJyUIHoe
npHKpbITHe KpoMe Toro 6bIIIO nOCTaBneHO 06MynlJHPoshy
BaHHe JnH JecHTHTDlCHqHOH CHHbU3HHCKOH apMHH B YPYMshy
qu 6bIII nOCTpoeH coBeTcKHH C60POIHbIH aBHaUROHHbIH 3ashy
BOJ H B 1938middot1939 rr HeCKOnbKO COT COBeTCKHXnerqHl(OB
Benu 06yqeHHe B CeKpeTHOH neTHOH WKOne B KynbJ)Ke 7
ITpeJnaras nOMOWb CHHbu3HHCKHM BOeHHbIM qeOnanaM
CCCP o6ecnequn ce6e lHaquTenbHoe BOeHHoe npHcyTCTBHe B paHOshy
He KOTOPbIH HMen 6bI BIDKHoe CTpareruqeCKoe lHaqeHHe B cnyqae
BOHnDl C HnOHHeH B 1932 r MocKBa BOCCTaHOBHna OTHOIIIeHWI
C rOMHHbJaHOM HaXOJIJuHMCH y BnaCTH B ITeKHHe K nery 1937 r
KHTaHCKo-HnOHcKHH KOHqnHKT npeBpaTHJICH B HacTOHwYIO BOiiHy
B aBrYCTe CCCP 3aKnIOqun naKT 0 HeHanaJeHHH C HaUROHallHCTuqecshy
KHM npaBHTenbCTBoM KHTas ITo ycnOBHHM 3TOro cormlIueHHH
CCCP OqeBHJHO 06H3bIBallCH nOCTaBnHTb BOopYKeHHe H BoeHHoe
cnapJDKeHHe B 06MeH Ha CbIPre
KpynHbIe BoeHHble nOCTaBKH nocneJOBallH qepel CHHbu3HH
B JIamTDKoy Ha ceBepo-3analJe KHTu nonHbIH o6beM 3THX nOCTashy
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B TO BpeMH 3KHnHPOBall OT 10J0 20 KHTaHCKHX JHBH3HH 3cKaJshy
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HaJIHCTOB B JeKa6pe 1937 r BonbIIIoe qucno BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
npHcnaHHbIX CCCP HauHOHanHCraM 6Dlno c06pano Ha 3aBOJe B
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na C Mas no ceHTH6pb 1939 r B KOTOPbIX npHHHnH Y1J3CTHeJo 50 TDlC
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nHCTuqeCKHM CHnaM B KHTae CTalla COcraBHOH 1J3CTbIO 060POHHOH noshy
nHTHKH CCCP HanoJ06He nOMOWH KOTOPYIO OKalbIBanH COBeTCKOshy
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rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B 1936-1939 rr KaK llHcan NaM
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lT06Dl npeBpaTHTb HCnaHHIO B CBoero carennHTa8 nocKonbKY B
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yqacTHe B rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B COCTaBe copoKaTbICHqshy
HbIX HHTepHaURoHanbHbIX 6pHralJ COlJaHHbIX KOMHHTepHOM
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JaH OJHaKO 60nee 2 TbIcCOBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H Texshy
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KpeJHT Ha 85 MnH JonnapoB COBeTcKHe HcnaucKHe HJpyrHeTopromiddot
BbIe cylJa JOCTaBnHnH 60nbIIIHe napTHH BoeHHoro CHapHlKeHHSI B Hcnamiddot
HRIO B xOJe BOHHDI cPpanKHcTcKHe CHnbI nOTOnHnH HnH 3axBaTHJIH
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31
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3anSAHbIe HCTOpHKH XblO TOMac H JIyuC 4Imuep ClIHTalOTlITO
B 3THX BbIKJIaroltax repMaHCKorO anaIlle HCTHHHbIe pa3MepbI COBeTCshy
KHX nOCTaBOK B HCOaHHIO 3aHHXlteHbI1 0
TIoCTeneHHO peIllHMOCTb CTarIHHa BOCOpenHTCTBOBaTb no6erte
qaIllH3Ma B HCOaHHH cna6eJIa K TOMY )Ke CJIO)KHaH 33Aala nOCTOHH-
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KaK TOJIbKO COBeTCKoe PyKOBOACTBO npHIllJIO K BbWOAY lITO JIOHshy
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npoTHS ~CTCKOH repMaHHH CTaDHH CTaJI paCCMaTpHBaTb B03shy
MO)KHOCTb crOBopa C repMaHHeH BnOCl1eACTBHH 6bIll 3aKJIIOIeH
oaKT MOJIoToBa-PH66eHTpona 0 HeHanalJeHHH nOADHcaHHbIH B aBshy
ryCTe 1939 r EBpona OKa3aJIaCb B npe)JllBepHH nO)Kapa
TaKHM 06pa30M B nepHoA OT OKTH6pbCKOH peBOJIIOuHH
H AO BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI CCCP BbICTynaJI B POJIH OCHOBHoro
nOCTaBmHKa 0PYXltHlI B TpeX KOHcpJIHKTaX - B 6oPb6e rOMHHbAashy
HOBCKHX H~OHaJIHCTOB B KHTaHCKO-HOOHCKOH BOHHe H B rpaXltshy
MHCKOH BOHRe B HcoaHHH a TaK)Ke npeADpHHHJl HeCKOJIbKO MeHee
maIHTeJIbHbIX nonbITOK OKa3aTb BJIHHHHe Ha HCXOA JIOKaJIbHbIX
cnopoB B PaHOHax TpalHlJltOHHO npeACTaBJIHBIllHX HHTepec AHH POCCHH 3n TeHlJeHIUUI npoAOJIXltanaCb B TeleHHe HeCKOJIbKHX
JIeT nOCl1e BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI JlHrnb C cepeAHHbI 50-x rOAOB
CCCP HalHHaeT npeADPHHHMaTb Cepbe3HbIe yCHJlHH no paCIllHpeHHIO
BJIHHHHH B CTpaHaX TpeTberO MHpa 3a npeAeJIaMH TpauHlUIOHHbIX
HHTepeCOB POCCHH H JIHIllb BCl1eA 3a 3THM 3KCOOpr BoopyxlteHHil
CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbIM HHCTpyMeHTOM COBeTCKOH BHellIHeH nOJIUTHshy
KH TeM He MeHee B MeXltBOeHHbIe roIJbI KpeMJIb nOJlYlHJl BaXltHbIH
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TOB JIHMHTOB H B03MO)KHOCTeH BoeHHOH nOMolliH H TbmOBbIX 3ashy
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B OT~eHHbIe OT CCCP paHOHbI
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32 33
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K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeHshyTOB n06eIJHTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03uancs HOshyBbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COeIJHHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06shylIauaJIH suepHbJM opY)l(HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH uOCTHrrra uOBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COeIJHHeHHhle IlITaTbl npoueshyMOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBOIJHTh nOlIHTHKY cuep)I(HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTHIeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP noshyKa3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXOucmy
34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
II DEPHOll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy (1953-1964 IT)
nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3~ CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr(HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npouecc geKOnOHH3~ oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MOgtKshyHOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHDHaTHB no 06xagtKHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJHOHHblMH H8DHoHan-6YPgtKY83HblX nHpepoB Ha BnHgtKHeM BocTOKe H B 1OgtKshyHOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTOmiddot paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953middot1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03pogtKAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH eJHHoro CPpoHTa HalJHOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr(HX CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe)f(HMOM c ero peBonlOlJHOHHblMH aHm-3ashynagHblMH uenSMH
06xagtKHBaHHe MOCKBOH CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa B nocneCTanHHCo Kyro 3py HaqanOCb C Man03aMemoro gtKeCTa B HIOne 1953 r npegcTashyBurenb CCCP B 3KOHOMHqeCKOM H oolJHanbHOM OOBeTe OOH omsshyBHJI qyO CCCP BHeeeT 4 MnH py6neH B nporpaMMy TeXHHqeCKOH noshyMOIr(U P83BHB8lOIlUIMCS CTpaHaM 3TO 6bln nOBopoT B MHorOnemeH ooBeTcKoH onno3HDHH nOH nporpaMMe U cuman 0 Haqane eepbe3shyHblX yCHJIuH CCCP B TpeTbeM MHpe B aBrycre 1953 r ManeHKoB BbICK83an 6narOCKnOHHOCTb HHJHH U BHpMe B gOKnape Ha eeCCHH BepxoBHoro COBeTa B ceHTs6pe 1953 r 6hm nognuCaH nJITHJIemHii ToproBhIH goroBop C MHgueH B 1954 r ACPraHHCTaH CTan nepBOH CTpaHOH TpeTberO MHpa nonyqHBmeH noene BTOPOH MUPOBOH BOHshyHhI KpegHThI OT CCCP B cpeBpane 1955 r 6blno OmJIBneHO 0 nepshyBOM KPynHOM npoeKTe ooBeTcKoH 3KOHOMftqeCKOH nOMOIlUl OgHOH U3 H8HMeHee pa3BHTbIX CTpaH MHpa - 0 cTpOHTenbCme B Bxunau MeTannypmqeCKOrO KOM6HHaTa B HHJHH CTOHMOCTblO CBhnue 100 MnH gonnapoB B HIOHe 1955 r npeMbep-MHHHCTp I1Hguu Hepy HaHec HCTOPUqeCKHH BH3HT B CCCP CnyCTJI HeCKonhKO MecsshyueB nocnepoBana IIIHpoKO p83peKnaMHpoBaHHaJI nOe3gKa XpYmeBa
H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U ACPraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx MashyHeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me)KJJy CBepAAepgtK8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfiblbull Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AePgtKaB OKa38nOCb HeO~M 0006shyIr(eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me)KJJy HaJJHoshyHanHCmqeCKHM pe)f(HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocnoshyBaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPYgtKeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bopcma MHrmiddot15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr(HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TSgtKenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiDa H 6oenpunacbl1 3 QcpH JJHanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBIIUlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIueB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP
H3Becme 06 3TOM gOroBOpe BhI3BanO rny60Kyro 03a60qeHshyHOCTb B 3anagHblX CTOnHD8X BoeHHble nOCTaBKH 03Haqanu HOByro rOHKy BoopygtKeHHii Ha BnHgtKHeM BOCToKe H yCHnHBanH HanPSgtKeHshyHOCTb B 3TOM paiioHe - 06 3TOM npeuynpegtKganH raponbg MaKshyMHnnaH H IlgtKOH ltIloCTep llannec Ho CT8BKOH 6blno HeqyO 6onbmee qeM ooxpaHeHHe pemOH8nhHOro 6anaHca COBeTcKHH COI03 npeogoshyneB CAepgtKHBalOllUIe creHbI BargagCKOrO naKTa 06pamn nOCT8BKH opygtKHJI B 3ltlgtcpeKTHBHhIH HHCTPYMeHT nOBopOTa perHOHanbHOH HanpIDJreHHOCm B CBOIO nonb3y CeHTS6phCKoe C006Ir(eHHe BbI3Bano 3Hry3H83M p8JHKanbHbIX apa6CKHX H8DHOHanHCTOB Beero 6nHgtKHeshyBOCTOllHoro pemOHa U OTKPblnO JJIS TpeTampero MHpa anhTepHaTHBY BoeHHOH 3aBUCHMOCm OT 3anaga
XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJHOHan))HOshyoCBo60JHTenbHhIM gBHgtKeHHJIM B TpeTampeM MHpe Ha XX Cbe3pe KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHBshyIllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJHnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH noshynUTHKU bull HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocypapcma ooBMecmo C OOlJHashynHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3~ roIJI OOBeTC KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH
l1POHCXOJjJIr(uH pacnag KOnOHHanbHOH CUCTeMbl HMneshy
pHanH3Ma SBnJIeTCS BCeMHPHOUCTOpuqecKHM oo6blmeM nocneBoeHHoro nepuopa
36 37
HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MHshy
POBOH HCrOpHH KOfAa HapO)1h1 BocrOKa npHHHMaror
aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHoshy
BRTCH HOBhIM MOWHbIM ltpaKrOPOM Me)l(JJyHapOIJHbIX orshy
HoweHHHbullbullbull
Teneph HM He HKHO HATH 3a COBpeMeHHhIM o60PYAOBashy
HHeM Ha nOKJIOH K CBOHM 6hIBWHM yrHerareIDIM TaKoe
ofiopYAOBaHHe OHH Moryr nOnytIHTh B crpaH3X COUHaJIH3Ma
He paCnnaqHBaHCh 3a 3ro HHKaKHMH 06JI3areJIhCrBaMH noshy
JIHTHlIecKoro HllH BoeHHOfO xapaKrepa
CaM ltpaKr cymecrBOBaHIDl COBerCKoro COI03a H APyrHX
CTpaH cOIJHllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh
CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH
Ha YCJIOBIDlX paBHonpaBIDl H B3aHMHOH BhIrOAhl HBl1JlerCH
cephe3HOH nperpaAOH Ha nyrHKOJIOHHaJIhHOH nOJIHrHKH14
AHanofHlHhIe ofiH3areJIhCTBa B nOMepgtKKY HaUHOHaJIhHOshy
oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK
Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK)I(e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX
KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HHltPOPMarum H B
HayqHhIx pa60rax COBerCKHX aBropoB
TIoene cornaweHHH 0 BoeHHhlX nOCraBKax EmnTY BJIH)fCHHi
BocroK OKOJIO ABaJmaTH JIer ocraBanC1I neHrpoM COBerCKHX YCHshy
JIHH no corpYAHHqeCTBY C HaUHOHaJIhHO-DCBo60AHTenhHhIMH ABIDICemiddot HIDlMH B rpeTheM MHpe BeneA 3a EfHDTOM noJIYDtllH COBerCKoe
op~e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH
B HallaJIe 1956 r H B Mapre HalllJIHCh nOCraBKH opy)I(ID[ (qepe3
Emner nOCKOJIhKY CHPHH He o6naAana fpY30BhIMH nopraMH
npHrOIJHbIMH WJH nOJIyqeHIDl Boop~eHHH) AHaJIOrHlHOe corJIawemiddot
HHe fibUlO 3aKJIIOQeHO C ReMeHOM KYAa cranH AOCTaBl1JlTh opY)l(He
B oKrHfipe 1956 f lpoundexoenoBanKHe H COBerCKHe BoeHHbIe COBerHHKH
fihIJIH HallpaBJIeHhI B EfHller CHPHIO H ReMeH AJIH HHCTpYKr~ no ofiparneHHIO C cOBercKoH BoeHHoH reXHHKoH H 06yqeHHIO mUlO-
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ne6IOr MOCKBhI B POJIH nOCTaBInHKa opy)I(ID[ Ha BJIH)l(HeM
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HanpaBJIeHHH COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCraBOK B CTpaHbI
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3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperheshy
ro MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa3HallaJIHCb
HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJHllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06shy
palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa
Boop~eHHif B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh nOCJIe 1955 fl 5
B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI)l(aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM
B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY)l(eHHH BnepBhle 6hlJlH nOCTaBneHhI B AltpraHHCTaH B 1956 fB I1paK H I1H)1OHe3HIO B 1958 f B fBHHeIO B 1959 f B 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH
coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror
HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHBshy
IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 21 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB
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K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
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mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
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38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
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TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
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nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
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XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
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40 41
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KOrAll XpyweB 6bDI CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM )JOBOJIbHO yHbDIO
BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
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erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
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BHymHTeJIbHOH )JeMOHCTpaIJHH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6eJKaMH CTpaHhl
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aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
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ny 1960-x rO)JOB
JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn) )JeCIITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHHII
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npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
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B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
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HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
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(196S-1972rr)
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nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
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TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
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COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
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TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
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paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
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6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
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42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
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IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
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npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle IltapaTeJIbHble MephI
1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
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YBeJIHlIHBaTh CBOH Ha3eMHbIe BoeHHhle CHJIhI BO BWTHaMe COBeTeshy
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COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCIltHe B03lJYIDHbIe 6oM6apshy
AHpoBIltH HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op~ 6oenpHDacax
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
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paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
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nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
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B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
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B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
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Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
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JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
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K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
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cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
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n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
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(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
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B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
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yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
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BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
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TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
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cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
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TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
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CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
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XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
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3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
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BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
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C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
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no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
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OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
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npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
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B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
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54 55
fP~HCKaJI Boiiua B Aurorre BerraCb Me)l(pY TpeMH COnepHHshy
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KOTOPbIM Y CCCP cy~eCTBOBaJIH MHOrOrreTHHe CBH3H COBeTcKHe
nOCTaBKH Op~HH MUM HaqaJIHCb B aBrycTe 1974 r OllHaKO 110
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OT IIOPTYraJIHH 3TH nOCTaBKH He HOCurrH MaCCOBoro XapaKTepa
K KOHUY KOHiPrrHKTa MOCKBa nocTaBurra MIInA Boop~euuH 60shy
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nOCTaBKH OPY)l(HH HMerro pa3Me~eHHe B AHrorre Ky6HHCKux 3KCshy
ne~OHHbIX curr qHCrreHHOCTb KOTOPbIX Bcero 3a HeCKOJIbKO Meshy
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Ky6HHcKoe yqacTHe B KOHiPrrHKTe B Aurorre HaqaJIOCb Hecshy
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BaH n06e11a MUM BO BceH Aurorre 3a HCKJIIOqeHHeM CeJIbCKUX
paHoHoB lOra cTpaHbI 3TO 6bIJIO n030pHbIM llHllJIOMaTUtleCKHM
iPuaCKO COellHHeHHbIX IIlTaToB ~H nporpaMMa TaHHoH nOMep)l(KH
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6bIJIO He)l(erraHHe KpeMJ1H 11OnycTHTb npHMoe yqaCTHe COBeTCKUX
BOHHCKUX COellHHeHuH B BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBIUlX COBeTHHKH He B COCshy
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qaJIaCb HacTynrreHHeM COMaJIH rreTOM 1977 r COBeTcKHH COlO3
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TH)I(eHHH MHorux rreT 3Ta CTpaHa 6bIJIa 6rru3KOM COI03HHKOM CCCP)
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BbICbIJIKH COBeTCKUX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H3 COMaJIH B HOH6pe
1977 r COBeTcKuH COlO3 HaqaJI MaccHpoBaHHbIe B03lJY1IIHIgtIe nOCTaBshy
KH Boop~eHuH B 3iPoonHlO CTOHMOCTb 3TUX nOCTaBOK 11OCTHrrra
rrpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO 1 MJIP11 11OrrrrapoB KaK 0 B Aurorre Ky6HHcKoe
BOHHCKoe COe11HHeHHH B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH qaCTH nepe6pollIeHHbIe
Ha COBeTCKUX caMorreTax CbIrpaJIO pellIaro~yro pOJIb B X011e BOHubI
MocKBa 0 faBaHa KOOP11HHHpoBarru CBOO 11eHCTBHH HaCTOJIbKO qeTshy
KO qTO HepellKo npH6bIBllIoe Ky6HHcKHe qaCTO HeMellJIeHHO norryshy
qarro COBeTCKoe 060pY110BaHHe 0 TyT )l(e oTrrpaBJlHJIOCb Ha iPPOHT
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qeM B Aurorre OllHaKO 06beM BoeHHbIX nOCTaBOK 6bIJI no~o B 3 pashy
3a 60JIbllIe 0 COBeTCKHe BoeHHbIe cnenuarrHCTbI rOpa3110 aKTHBHee
yqacTBOBaJIH B BoeHHbIX 11eHcTBHHx B 3iPHonHH qeM B Aurorre IIo
KpaiiueH Mepe 11Ba COBeTCKUX oiPuuepa BbICOKoro paura BbIJIeTerru
B 3iPHonuro 11JIH Ha6rrlO11eHHH 3a BoeHHbIMH onepaUHHMo B pe3YJIbshy
TaTe qero KpeMJ1b norryqurr He06bIqaihIo BbICOKyro CTeneHb npHMoro
KOTPOJIH Hall X0110M BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBuH
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TOK conpOTHBrreHHH HJIH npe110TBpa~eHHH COBeTcKo-Ky6HHcKoro
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MH BOCTOquOH EBPOllbI He BbI3BaJIa OTBeTHOrO BoeHHoro BMernaTeJIbshy
CTBa co CTOPOHbI 11pyrOH KpynHOH 11ep)l(aBbI IIOTepH COMaJIO B Kashy
qeCTBe COlO3HHKa 03Haqarra YTPaTy KpYIDIeHrneH COBeTCKOH BoeHHOH
6a3bI 3a npe11erraMH BapllIaBCKOrO naKTa OllHaKO 06~ HTor
Ora11eHCKOH BOHUbI OKa3aJICH BeCbMa norrO)l(HTeJIbHbIM l1J1H COBeTCshy
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56 57
BoilHe Ha BpeMH OCJIOgtKHIDlO ero OTHoweHlJH C nurOH apaOCKHX
rocynaPCTB nOMepJKHBaBWeH COMaJIH B HTOre 3TOrO KOHCPJIHKTa
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3TO oOeCnelIDlO MOCKBe HOBhIH HCTOtJHHK BJIIDIHHH B paHOHe Kpacshy
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IeHHOe HeCKOJIhKHMH rOJaMH parree TeCHOe COTpYJJHHleCTBO C
KaHpOM B TeleHHe 18 MeCHlleB nocne rr06e)JbI 3cpHorrHH B oraJeHcKoH
BOwe COBeTCKHH COlO3 yqacTBOBaJI B Tpex KOHCPJIHKTax B TpeTbeM
MHpe B BoeHHoH oKKynallHH KaMrrylHH BheTHaMOM B rrocnenOBaBshy
weM H3-3a 3Toro KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM BbeTHaMQ-KHTaHCKOM KOHshy
cpJIHKTe H B HarraJeHHH lOgtKHoro i-teMeHa Ha i-teMeH (CTomrua Carra)
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nyCTh H rra nepHcpepHH noro perHoHa
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JIHJI JIH CCCP opyJKHe BheTHaMY BO BpeMH ooeBblx neHcTBHH - B
KOHlle KOHllOB BbeTHaM H 6e3 Toro 06JIanan nOCTaTOlHhIM 3arraCOM
COBeTCKoro H aMepHKarrCKoro TpoQgteworo 0pyJKIDI PeWaIOwHM
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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TaKOBhle cymecTBOBaJIH COTPYABHlfaTb C HHMH B PaMKax 061gteAHshy
HeHHoro CPPoHTa
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MH HauKOHaJIHCTaMH 6hIJ10 H3MeHeHHe COBeTCKoro nOJIHmlleCKOro
KYpca no OTHomeHHIO K TypuKH MocKBa CTaJIa paCCMaTpHBaTh
B03MO)KHOCTH npHMHpeHHJI C H3IUl0HaJIHCTHlIeCKHM ABH)KeHHeM
MYCTacphl KeMaJIb-namH nOHHMaJI liTO HeIJaBHO C03IJaHHaJ1 cna6aJ1
KOMMyHHCTHlfeCKaJI napTHJI TyPUHH He HMeeT HHKaKHX nepcneKTHB
nOJIYlfHTh HapoAHYIO nOAAep)KKf KeMaJIh B TO BpeMJI BeJI 60H C
rpellecKoil apMHeil nhlTaBmeHCJI oKKyrmpoBaTb AHaTOJIHIO B COOTshy
BeTCTBHH C CeBpCKHM AorOBopoM COBeTCKoe PYKOBOACTBO 01leshy
BHABO COUlO lITO n06eIJa KeMaJIJI nOAopBaJIa 6bl BJIHJlHHe BeJIHKOshy
6pHTaHHH H APyrHX 3anaIJHbIX Aep)KSB Ha BJIH)KHeM BoCTOKe lITO
oTBetJaJIO HHTepecaM 6e30nacHoCTH COBeTCKoro rocyIJapcma H Morshy
no cnoco6CTBOBaTh YCBJIeHHIO peBOJIIOuKOHHOil 6oph6hl B EBponeS
nocne cno)KI1hIX neperoBopoB 16 MapTa 1921 r B AuKape COBeTCshy
Koe npaBHTenbCTBo nOADHCaJIO AOrl)BOp 0 APf)K6e C HaUHOHaJIHCTHshy
QeCKHM pe)KHMOM KeMaJ1lgt-namH B TelleHHe nocneAYIOmHX JIJlTH8AUlshy
TH MeCJlUeB KpeMJIb cua6A8J1 apMHIO KeMaJIJI BOeHHllIM cuapJI)Keshy
HHeM AOCTaTOllHhIM AJIJI 3KHDHpoBKH TpeX AHBH3HH KpoMe Toro
MOCKBa 3HalfHTeJIbHO YBeJ1HqHJIa KpeAHTbI AJIJI 3aKynKH TYPuKeil
BoeHHoro CHapB)KeHHJI He CTaB pemaIOIuKM cpaKTopoM COBeTCKaJI
nOMOmb Bce )Ke cnoco6cmOBaJIa n000Ae KeMaJIJI BaA rpeQeCKHMH
CHJIaMH oceHbIO 1922 r 3TOT 3Im30A MO)KeT ClfHTaTbCJI nepBhIM
HCTOpHtJecKHM npHMepoM cOBeTcKoH BoeHHOil nOMomH HHOCTpaHshy
HOMY pe)KHMY BeAYmeMY BOHHy
npyroH npHMep COBeTCKoro AHDJIOMaTHlfeCKoro H BoeHHoro
yqaCTHJI B perHOHaJIbHhIX KOHCPJIHKTaX B paHHHH nepHoA COBeTcKoH
HCTOpHH HMeJI Mecro B 1923middot1927 rr KorIJa MocKBa OKa3hIBaJIa
nOMomb rOMHHhIJaHy - 6a3HpymmeilCJI B KaHTOHe HauHOHaJ1lgtHOshy
PeBonIOuKoHHoil napTHH A-pa CyH HTceHa BeIJYmero 6oph6y 3a
oi5beIJHHeHHe nOA ero PYKOBOACTBOM nepe)KHBaBmero pacKon KHshyTaB 3TO 6bIJlO nepBoe Cephe3HOe HcnhITaHHe neHHHcKoH cTpaTerHH
oi5beIJHHeHHoro cppoHTa H OHO 3aKOHtJHJIOCh nonHbIM npoBaJIOM
3TO 6hIJIa OIJHa H3 caMhIX cnO)K8bIX onepauKH 3a BCIO HCTOPHIO
COBeTCKOH AHIIJIOMaTHH nOAAep)KHBaJI AHIIJIOMamlleCKHe OTHomeshy
HHJI C BeChMa cna6hIM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM KHTaHCKOil Pecny6JIHKH
B neKHHe MOCKBa yCTaHOBHJIa OTHomeHHJI C rOMHHbAaHOM H PJlshy
AOM BoeHHbIX cpe0IJaJ10B KOHTPOJIHPYIOIuKX pa3JIHtJHhIe paHOHhI
KHTaB KpoMe Toro 6bIJI YCBJIeH H 003 Toro 3HalfHTeJIhHhIil KOHTshy
panb HaA MaJIOlfHcneHHoH KOMMYHHCTH1leCKOH napmeil KHTaJI KOTOpaJI nocne 1922 r 06pa3oBana eAHHbIH CPPOHT C rOMHHbAaHOM
fOMHHbAaHo-KoMMYHHCTHlfecKHH CPPOHTC03AaHHbIH rnaBHhIM 06shy
pa30M yCHJ1HJIMH COBeTCKOrO AHIIJIOMaTa ~onhcpa Hocpcpe CTan
lJlIJi KpeMJIJI KaHaJIOM C nOMOmbIO KOTOPOro OH B TeQeHHe HeCKOJIbshy
KHX JIeT oK83bman BJ1HJIHHe Ha nOnHTHKY rOMHHbIJaHa
B JlHBape 1923 r CyH JlTceH H Hocpcpe nOAJIHCanH COrnameHHe
o nOJIHTHlIeCKOM H BoeHHOM cOTpyAHHtJeCTBe B SBrYCTe npeACTaBHshy
TeJIh HauKOHanHCTOB reHepan lIaH KailmH nOCeTHJI MOCKBY AJIJI 06CY)KIJeHHJI B03MO)KHOCTeil BOeHHoil nOMOmH roMHHbIJaHy co
26 27
CTOPOHbl CCCP Bo BpeMJI noro BH3HTa areHT KOMHHTepHa MHxaHl1
BopoJJHH maBHbIH KOOpJJHHarop COBeTCKOH nOnHTHKH B KHTae
BllJIOTb AO 1927 r HaJ1paBHllCfI B KnTaH BO maBe Aenerarnm H3
HeCKOllbKHX BoeHHbIX COBetHHKOB - BetepaHOB rpaJKJaHCKOH BOHRbl
H BblnyCKHHKOB BOeHHOH AKaJeMHH KpacHoH ApMHH 3TH COBeTCshy
KHe BoeHHble COBeTHHKH CblrpanH BeAymyID pOllb B C03JaHHH yKOMnshy
neKTOBaHHH H QgtHHaHCHPOBaHHH BoeHHOH aKaJeMHH BaMny MH3KaHshy
TOHa B KOTOPOH 06yqallHCb 6yuyIUHe KHTaHCKHe oQgtuuepbl B Mae
1925 r ewe OJHa 60llbllUJI rpynna COBetCKHX COBeTHHKOB npH6b1JIa
B KaRTOH AJ1fI 60eBoro 06yqeHHH oQgtuuepcKoro COCTaBa HIwHOHallbshy
HOH peBOJ1IOLUlOHHOH apMHH (HPA) COBeTCKnH COlO3 HanpaBHllAJ1fI
HPA Qepe3 BnaJHBOCTOK BoeHHoe CHapfIlKeHHe BKJ1IOUlJI 60nee
23 TbIC WT crpellKoBoro 0pylKHH H 6onblllYIO naprHIO 60enpHllacoB
ComaCHO COBetCKHM HCToqHHKaM CTOHMOCTb 0pylKHH nOCTaBneHshy
Horo B HPA K AeKa6plO 1925 r COCTaBHlla 2 MllH AOnJIapoB C pacshy
IUHpeHHeM rpalKJaHCKOH BOHmI B KHTae COBetCKHe COBetHHKH H
OqeBHJHO HeCKonbKO BOHHCKHX nOApa3AeneHnH yqaCTBOBallH B
60eBbIX AeHCTBHHX qaCTeH HPA B nepBble MeCfI1Jb1 qpe3BbNaHHO
ycnelllHoH ceBepHOH 3KcneAHUHH laH KaHIIIH CCCP cHa6lKall nOAshy
pa3AeneHHH ero apMHH KOPOTKOBOllHOBOH paJHOannapaTypOH a
COBetCKaH aBualUDl BpeMJI OT BpeMeHH OCywecTBllfIJ1a TaKTHlIeCKHe
6oM6aPAHPOBKH pa3BeAKY H AOCTaBKy rpY3oB B TO BpeMfI B KHTae
HaXOAHllOCb B03MOlKH0 60neee 1 TblC COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB
I10 HpoHHH HCTOPHH HaMepeHHe CTallHHa nenefIBlllero HaAelKshy
uy ITO KHTaHCKHe KOMMYHHCTbI npelKJe qeM nOpBaTh C rOMHHbshy
]aHOM BbllKMyY ero KaK llHMOH ocyweCTBHllOCb TaK CKaJaTb
HllH3HaHKY COnepHHleCTBO MelKoy KOMMYHHCTaMH H HauHOHaJIHCshy
TaMB BHyYpH oooeJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa nOCTOfIHHO YCHllHBaJIOCb B03shy
HHKaJIH HaJ1pfIlKeHHble CHryarnm H HHlUIAeHTbl KOTopble npHBenH
K paCKOny rOMHHbJaHa H BnocneACTBHH B anpene 1927 r KOMMyshy
HHCTbI B lIIaHxae 6bmH HCTpe6neHbl HX COI03HHKaMH-HaLUlOHanHCshy
raMB IIIaHxaHcKafI pe3HH npHBena K nonHOMY pa3pbmy CCCP
C HaLUlOHaJIHCTaMH ITO 6b1J1o no cyweCTBY npOBaJIOM COBeTCKHX
nOUbITOK npoHHKHOBeHHfI B KnTaH XOTfI nOnblTKa KpeMJ1fI COTPYAshy
HHlaTb C KHTaHCKHMH H3IUIOHaJIHCTaMH 3aKOHIHJ1aCb npoBallOM
ee 003 COMHeHHfI MOlKHO paCCMatpHBaTb KaK 3alaTOK COBetCKoro
nOJXOAa K MeCTHblM KOHQgtnHKTaM H HCllOnb30BaHHH BoeHHOH noshy
MOWJI ApyrHM rOCYAaPCTBaM B nOJIHTHlIeCKHX UeJ1fIX B pe3yJIbTaTe
28
noro OnbITa KpeMlleBCKOe PYKOBOACTBO OC03HaJIO pHCK cnHlllKOM
TeCHOH CBfI3H BHeIllHenOJIHTJieCKHX ueneH CCCP C CYJbGaMH MeCTshy
HbIX KOMllapm KpoMe TOro lllaHXaHCKaH pe3HH nOJtjepKHYna
BagtKHOCTb npaBHllbHOH oueHKH waHca CHll H MeCTHOH nonHTJiecshy
KOH CHTyarnm C nOMOWblO c60pa pa3BeJbIBaTenbHOH HHQgtOpMarnm
H auaJIH3a HaKOHeu KHTaHCKnH npoBaJI B03MOlKHO 06bfICHHeT
OCTOpolKHOCTb H onaCKY C KOTOPOH CCCP OTHOCHllCfI K yqaCTHlO
B JIOKallbHbIX KOHQgtJIHKTax B TeqeHHe nocneAYIOWHX copOKa
neT illaHxaHCKaH pe3HH 03HalaJ1a KOHeu no KpaHHeH Mepe AO noshy
pbl AO BpeMeHH CTpaTernu oooerumeHHoro QgtpoHTa C HaUIOHaJIHCTHshy
qeCKHMH ABHlKeHHfIMH CQgt0PMYJIHPOBaHHOH neHHHblM 3a ceMb neT
]10 noro co6blTHfI I10cne 1927 r HaLUlOHaJ1bHYIO 6YPlKYa3HIO
nepecTanH ClHTaTh BalKHbIM HHcrpYMeHTOM pacnpocrpaHeHHH peshy
BonlOUHOHHblX HAeH B KonOHHaJIbHOM MHpe Cepbe3Hble nOllJUKH
pa3lKHraHHfI peBOJIIOUHH 3a pyOOlKOM no cyweCTBY npeKpaTHllHCb B
30-x roJax CCCP CTaJI cocpeAOraIHBaTbCfI Ha BHyYpeHHHX npofilIeshy
Max no TeopHH nocrpoeHHH counanH3Ma B OJHOH crpaHe I1peAoTshy
BpaWeHHe npfIMbIX yrp03 HaUHOHallbHOH 6e30naCHocTH CCCP CTaJ10
npeofiJIaAaIOIUHM acneKTOM BHelllHeH nonHTHKH MocKBbl OKKynashy
UHfI HnOHHeH MaHbllKYpHH B ceHTfI6pe 1931 r H npHXOA fHTJIepa
K BllaCTH B fepMaHHH B fIHBape 1933 r nOCTaBHll COBeTcKH8 COlO3
nepeA nepcneKTHBoH HMeTb Aeno C pacryIUHMB BpalKAe6HbIMH
CH1IaMB Ha ABYX QgtpoHTax I10A yrp0308 BOHHbI Ha ABYx QgtpoHTax
B03MOlKHOCTb KOTOP08 nOCTOfIHHO B03pacTaJIa B TeqeHHe AeCfITHlleshy
THfI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTOlHJ1CfI Ha C03JaHHH MEraquoltaYHAPOJJH() IOoooeJJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa npoTHB nOTeHllHallbHbIXBparoB COBeTCshy
Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQgtJ1HKraX B 30-x
roJax cneuyeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme OJHoro H3 acneKTOB noshy
llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOTshy
BpaweHHe HllH OTTfIrHBaHHe yrpolKalOwero BCDblXHyYb nOlKapa a He
Ha JaJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHHfI KOTopbIe B03MOlKH0
6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee
AeCfITHlleTHe
B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3HaIHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO
nOMOWb npaBHTenfIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYAlKeHIO (1931-1933 rr)
H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO (1933-1943 rr) BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe
KOHQgtllHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH QgteoAaJIaMH
29
feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH
nOMOlllbIO npOTHB JpyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX qeOnanOB
B 1934 r B nOMOWb reHepany lIIeuy 6bl1IH HanpaBneHbI
JBe 6pmaJbI HKBJl H aBHaUHOHHas qaCTb B 1937 r illeH BHOBb 06paTHJICH 3a nOMOWbIO K CCCP H BHOBb eMY
6bIIIH nocnanDl BOHHCKHe nOJpalJeneHWI H BOllJyUIHoe
npHKpbITHe KpoMe Toro 6bIIIO nOCTaBneHO 06MynlJHPoshy
BaHHe JnH JecHTHTDlCHqHOH CHHbU3HHCKOH apMHH B YPYMshy
qu 6bIII nOCTpoeH coBeTcKHH C60POIHbIH aBHaUROHHbIH 3ashy
BOJ H B 1938middot1939 rr HeCKOnbKO COT COBeTCKHXnerqHl(OB
Benu 06yqeHHe B CeKpeTHOH neTHOH WKOne B KynbJ)Ke 7
ITpeJnaras nOMOWb CHHbu3HHCKHM BOeHHbIM qeOnanaM
CCCP o6ecnequn ce6e lHaquTenbHoe BOeHHoe npHcyTCTBHe B paHOshy
He KOTOPbIH HMen 6bI BIDKHoe CTpareruqeCKoe lHaqeHHe B cnyqae
BOHnDl C HnOHHeH B 1932 r MocKBa BOCCTaHOBHna OTHOIIIeHWI
C rOMHHbJaHOM HaXOJIJuHMCH y BnaCTH B ITeKHHe K nery 1937 r
KHTaHCKo-HnOHcKHH KOHqnHKT npeBpaTHJICH B HacTOHwYIO BOiiHy
B aBrYCTe CCCP 3aKnIOqun naKT 0 HeHanaJeHHH C HaUROHallHCTuqecshy
KHM npaBHTenbCTBoM KHTas ITo ycnOBHHM 3TOro cormlIueHHH
CCCP OqeBHJHO 06H3bIBallCH nOCTaBnHTb BOopYKeHHe H BoeHHoe
cnapJDKeHHe B 06MeH Ha CbIPre
KpynHbIe BoeHHble nOCTaBKH nocneJOBallH qepel CHHbu3HH
B JIamTDKoy Ha ceBepo-3analJe KHTu nonHbIH o6beM 3THX nOCTashy
BOK HeH3BecTeH HO OHH BKnI01f8J1H COTHH BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
TbICsqu nyneMeToB H 6onbIIIoe qucno aprunnepHHcKHx YCTanoBoK
H rpY30BHKOB CornacHo HeKOTOPDlM Hcro~KaM COBeTcKHH COI03
B TO BpeMH 3KHnHPOBall OT 10J0 20 KHTaHCKHX JHBH3HH 3cKaJshy
pHnbH COBerCKHX 6oM6aPlJHPOBWHKOB H HCTpeooTeneH ynpaBnHeshy
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HaJIHCTOB B JeKa6pe 1937 r BonbIIIoe qucno BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
npHcnaHHbIX CCCP HauHOHanHCraM 6Dlno c06pano Ha 3aBOJe B
YPYM1IHmiddot Jj 1935-1939 rr H3-la PHJa nor~x HHuHJeHTOB B03HHK
na yrpo3a coBeTcKo-HnoHcKoH BOHHbI ITPOH30IImH JBa KpynHbIX
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na C Mas no ceHTH6pb 1939 r B KOTOPbIX npHHHnH Y1J3CTHeJo 50 TDlC
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cnyqae BOeHHbIe CTOJIl(HOBeHHSI He npHHecnH n06elJy HH OJHOH H3 croshy
pOH H CywecTBOBaBIIIHH npe)K)le cTaryCKBO 6bIn BOCCTaHOBneH HO
3TH KOHqnHKTbI CBHlJeremCTBOBanH 0 BepOHTHOCTH BOHHbI MelKlJy
MOCKBOH H T OKHO B nOM KOHTeKCTe COBeTCKU nOMOWb HaIIHOHa
nHCTuqeCKHM CHnaM B KHTae CTalla COcraBHOH 1J3CTbIO 060POHHOH noshy
nHTHKH CCCP HanoJ06He nOMOWH KOTOPYIO OKalbIBanH COBeTCKOshy
MY COIOlY COeJHHeHHble lIITaTDl H BenHK06pHTanHSl no neHJ-nH3y
TaKOH crpaTernqeCKHH noJXoJ K npo6neMe HauHOHallbHOH
6e30nacHocm onpeJenHn peIIIeHHe CTanHHa npHHHTlgt yqacme B
rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B 1936-1939 rr KaK llHcan NaM
YnaM COBerCKoe npaBHTenbCTBo MeHbIIIe Bcero lJyManO 0 TOM
lT06Dl npeBpaTHTb HCnaHHIO B CBoero carennHTa8 nocKonbKY B
TO BpeMH CCCP nbITallCH 3aBOeBaTb JOBepHe BenHK06pHTaHHH
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KOH KOallHUHH HcnancKHe KOMMYHHCTbI nonyqHnH YKalaHHe
BCHqeCKH nOJJepXltHBaTb elJHHbIH qpom C pecny6nHKauuaMH
MOCKBa Jenalla Bce BOlMO)KHOe lT06bI COXpaHHTb B TaHHe CBoe
yqacTHe B rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B COCTaBe copoKaTbICHqshy
HbIX HHTepHaURoHanbHbIX 6pHralJ COlJaHHbIX KOMHHTepHOM
H3 J06poBonbueB MHornx crpan MHpa He 6bIIIO COBeTCKHX rpalK
JaH OJHaKO 60nee 2 TbIcCOBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H Texshy
HHqeCKHX cneuHanHCTOB HaXOJHnHCb B HcnaHHH H COBeTCKoe npamiddot
BHTenbCTBO nOCTOHHHO nOCTaBnxno pecny6nKKauuaM BoeHHoe 060
PYJoBaHHe Pecny6nHKanCKoMY npaBKTenbCTBY 6bIII npeJoCTaBneH
KpeJHT Ha 85 MnH JonnapoB COBeTcKHe HcnaucKHe HJpyrHeTopromiddot
BbIe cylJa JOCTaBnHnH 60nbIIIHe napTHH BoeHHoro CHapHlKeHHSI B Hcnamiddot
HRIO B xOJe BOHHDI cPpanKHcTcKHe CHnbI nOTOnHnH HnH 3axBaTHJIH
HecKonbKo COBeTCKHX CYJOB npH 3TOM HMenKCb qenOBeqeCKHe
lKepTBDl fepMancKHH BoeHHbIH aTTarue Ha6nIOJaBIIIHH la COBeTCKH
MH BOeHHbIMH nOCTaBKaMH B HcnaHHIO npHBen TaKHe JaHHbIe 0 HHX
164 CYJHa JocraBHnH 242 BoeHHblX caMoneTa 703
apmnnepHHcKHX 0PYlJHSl 27 3eHHTOK 731 TaRK 1386 rpYloBHKoB
69200 T Jpyrnx BoeHHblX rpy30B 29125 T 6oenpHnacoB a TaKlKe
28 049 T 6eH3HHa 100 aBTOMaTOB 500 ray6HU 187 TpaKTOpoB
325 T MeJHuHHCKOrO 060pYJoBaHWI H MeJHKaMemOB 27 278 T
HeqTH-cbIPua 5650 T CMalOlHbIX MaTepHanOB 450 T oJelKJbI
H 920 oqHuepOB H ConJaT9
31
30
3anSAHbIe HCTOpHKH XblO TOMac H JIyuC 4Imuep ClIHTalOTlITO
B 3THX BbIKJIaroltax repMaHCKorO anaIlle HCTHHHbIe pa3MepbI COBeTCshy
KHX nOCTaBOK B HCOaHHIO 3aHHXlteHbI1 0
TIoCTeneHHO peIllHMOCTb CTarIHHa BOCOpenHTCTBOBaTb no6erte
qaIllH3Ma B HCOaHHH cna6eJIa K TOMY )Ke CJIO)KHaH 33Aala nOCTOHH-
HbIX nOCTaBOK Ha ~bHHe paCCTOHHHH 6bIlla He nOA CHJIY CCCP
KaK TOJIbKO COBeTCKoe PyKOBOACTBO npHIllJIO K BbWOAY lITO JIOHshy
AOH TIapH)K H BannmrTOH He 3aHHTepeCOBaHbI B COlO3e C CCCP
npoTHS ~CTCKOH repMaHHH CTaDHH CTaJI paCCMaTpHBaTb B03shy
MO)KHOCTb crOBopa C repMaHHeH BnOCl1eACTBHH 6bIll 3aKJIIOIeH
oaKT MOJIoToBa-PH66eHTpona 0 HeHanalJeHHH nOADHcaHHbIH B aBshy
ryCTe 1939 r EBpona OKa3aJIaCb B npe)JllBepHH nO)Kapa
TaKHM 06pa30M B nepHoA OT OKTH6pbCKOH peBOJIIOuHH
H AO BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI CCCP BbICTynaJI B POJIH OCHOBHoro
nOCTaBmHKa 0PYXltHlI B TpeX KOHcpJIHKTaX - B 6oPb6e rOMHHbAashy
HOBCKHX H~OHaJIHCTOB B KHTaHCKO-HOOHCKOH BOHHe H B rpaXltshy
MHCKOH BOHRe B HcoaHHH a TaK)Ke npeADpHHHJl HeCKOJIbKO MeHee
maIHTeJIbHbIX nonbITOK OKa3aTb BJIHHHHe Ha HCXOA JIOKaJIbHbIX
cnopoB B PaHOHax TpalHlJltOHHO npeACTaBJIHBIllHX HHTepec AHH POCCHH 3n TeHlJeHIUUI npoAOJIXltanaCb B TeleHHe HeCKOJIbKHX
JIeT nOCl1e BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI JlHrnb C cepeAHHbI 50-x rOAOB
CCCP HalHHaeT npeADPHHHMaTb Cepbe3HbIe yCHJlHH no paCIllHpeHHIO
BJIHHHHH B CTpaHaX TpeTberO MHpa 3a npeAeJIaMH TpauHlUIOHHbIX
HHTepeCOB POCCHH H JIHIllb BCl1eA 3a 3THM 3KCOOpr BoopyxlteHHil
CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbIM HHCTpyMeHTOM COBeTCKOH BHellIHeH nOJIUTHshy
KH TeM He MeHee B MeXltBOeHHbIe roIJbI KpeMJIb nOJlYlHJl BaXltHbIH
npaKTHqeCKHH ypoK KacalOmuHcH npHpoAbI JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHqJIHKshy
TOB JIHMHTOB H B03MO)KHOCTeH BoeHHOH nOMolliH H TbmOBbIX 3ashy
l]aq CBH3aHHbIX C TPaHCOOPTHpOBKOH 0PYXltHH H BoeHHOH nOMOmH
B OT~eHHbIe OT CCCP paHOHbI
I IlEPHOll nepHoA lJByx narepea (1945-1953 rr)
TIepBbIH nepHoA nOCl1eBoeHHoro COBeTCKoro yqacTHH B KOHshy
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BeTCKoro BJIHHHHH B 3TOM perHOHe
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npe)KiJe MaCIllTa6ax KaK H Cl1eAOBaJIO O)KHiJaTb COBeTCKHH COlO3
npeAHO)KHJl BoeHHYIO nOMomb Mao U3eAYHY B TO BpeMH KaK CiliA
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32 33
TeppHTopHH CTpaHlll K KOHUY 1949 r CoBeTcKoe ytmCTHe B rpa)l(shyuaHCKOH BOHHe B KHTae 61111I0 BeCllMa OCTOPO)l(HllIM H TaHHllIM H CKopee Bcero He OHO 6bllI0 peW3IOllUIM lPaKTOPOM B Hcxoue BOHHbl COBeTCKaJ[ apMHH npH 3BaKY~ H3 MaHlllDKYpHH nepeuana KHTaHCKHM KOMMYHHCTaM 60nbwHe 3anaCbI TpOlPeHHOrO snOHCKOshyro opY)I(HS lITO n03BOJIHTI0 HM 3aHSTh BblrouuyIO CTpaTernleCKYIO n03HWfIO Ha nOH TeppHTOpHH TeM He MeHee MocKBa npouonXltllJla npH3HaBaTb H~OHanHCTHIeCKoe npaBHTenbCTBO KHTaJ[ ualKe cnyeshyTS HecKonbKo Mecs~eB noene Toro KaK HeH36elKHOCTb ero nop8)l(eshyHHS CTana OleBHJlIOH H HHblMH cnoco6aMH IJeMOHCTpHpoBana HeshylKenaHHe aKTHBHO nOMeplKHBaTh Mao U3eAYHa 1 2 IIpHlHHllI 3TOH OCTOPOlKHOCTH CTanHHa He COBceM nOHSTHbl
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K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeHshyTOB n06eIJHTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03uancs HOshyBbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COeIJHHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06shylIauaJIH suepHbJM opY)l(HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH uOCTHrrra uOBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COeIJHHeHHhle IlITaTbl npoueshyMOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBOIJHTh nOlIHTHKY cuep)I(HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTHIeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP noshyKa3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXOucmy
34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
II DEPHOll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy (1953-1964 IT)
nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3~ CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr(HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npouecc geKOnOHH3~ oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MOgtKshyHOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHDHaTHB no 06xagtKHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJHOHHblMH H8DHoHan-6YPgtKY83HblX nHpepoB Ha BnHgtKHeM BocTOKe H B 1OgtKshyHOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTOmiddot paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953middot1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03pogtKAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH eJHHoro CPpoHTa HalJHOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr(HX CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe)f(HMOM c ero peBonlOlJHOHHblMH aHm-3ashynagHblMH uenSMH
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H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U ACPraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx MashyHeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me)KJJy CBepAAepgtK8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfiblbull Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AePgtKaB OKa38nOCb HeO~M 0006shyIr(eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me)KJJy HaJJHoshyHanHCmqeCKHM pe)f(HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocnoshyBaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPYgtKeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bopcma MHrmiddot15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr(HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TSgtKenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiDa H 6oenpunacbl1 3 QcpH JJHanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBIIUlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIueB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP
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XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJHOHan))HOshyoCBo60JHTenbHhIM gBHgtKeHHJIM B TpeTampeM MHpe Ha XX Cbe3pe KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHBshyIllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJHnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH noshynUTHKU bull HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocypapcma ooBMecmo C OOlJHashynHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3~ roIJI OOBeTC KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH
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36 37
HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MHshy
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K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
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HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK
AO 1955 f TIPH XpymeBe CCCP HallaJI yrBep)l(AaTlgt CBoe BJIHJlHHe B peshy
mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
HHCTHqeCKHX pe)I(HMOB O)1HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH
B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
CTpaHaM nOCJIY)I(HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA
CY3nKOH BOOOH (OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f) OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH
nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
TOllHO TaK )l(e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP
HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO
BpeM1l nOfpaHHlHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me)l()1y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B
38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
KOBoro op)KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO
MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
BeHHylO POJIb
CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIlb H3 Bcex
CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme (HOBaR fBHHeH) (1961-1962 IT) H B
KaMnaHHH nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe fpoMH ManaibHlO (1963shy1965 IT) llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb
COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an HeynOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb
nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBashy
JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero
npeeMHHK HeMerrneHHO BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npenCT3BHTeJIeH H3
KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AaJI MocKBe B03shy
MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
HalOIlHHCH ypoK
COBeTCKoe yqacme B r~CKoH BoiIHe B Jlaoce B 1960shy1961 rr TO)Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIlb oooe
AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
Jlao orpaHHIHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP)KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO
MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep)KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH
ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
Han 80 TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB
neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiIHO BbIrOAHblMH nnH MOCKBbI Coeshy
AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIlb laquoIlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHYshy
AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCTshy
Ba BnocnenCTBHH )l(eHeBCKHH noroBop nOnnHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe
1962 r rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca
3HaquTeJIbHO 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p)KIDI CTpaHaM
TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepIHYT HM8M AxMen
YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY
nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO)KllHshy
MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH
XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
Qepe3 Kaup
Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA
MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiIH H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb
Me)KDy CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe)KHshy
BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3KcueHTpHllHaR yrPO)K8mshy
maR MaHepa nOBeneHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO BnellameHHe
40 41
H 3aIIaA (TaK)I(e KaK H BoCTOK) HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI1leHHe
KOrAll XpyweB 6bDI CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM )JOBOJIbHO yHbDIO
BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
Hhle 1j0PMhl lleM B nocne)JOBaBlllHe ro)Jbl llpH XpyweBe CCCP
erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
l3II BbIrO)JHhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPYKeHHil )JJIII
BHymHTeJIbHOH )JeMOHCTpaIJHH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6eJKaMH CTpaHhl
COBeTCKoe PYKOBO)JCTBO OqeBH)JHO OC03HaJIO He06xO)JHMoCTh
H3MeHeHHII noro nOJIO)l(eHHII )JllJl npH06peTeHHII MOCKBOH Me)l()Jyshy
aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
BaulHHTTOH
TOMac Booamplaquop OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06peshy
TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqashy
ny 1960-x rO)JOB
JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn) )JeCIITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHHII
XpyweBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo)JHMOCTb B 60JIee nO)JBH)I(shy
HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK )JJIJI ymep)f()JeHHII COBeTCKoro
npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H )JllII B03MOJKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HHII
B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
JIeC006pa3HO npHMeHIITb yrP03Y HeMe)JJIeuaoro MepHQshyro HCTpe6neHHII18
HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI)JePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne
KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyweshy
Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJIshy
JIHCTHIIeCKHX paKeT nOITH B TpH pa3a npeBhlwana 3TOT nOKalareJIb
1962 r (200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75)
m nEPUOll 3apo)I()JeHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA )JOKTpHHLl
(196S-1972rr)
llPHXO)J K BJIaCTH BpeJKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r
nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO)JCTBa npoIIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOCshy
TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
MlIP)Jmiddot )JOJIJIapoBj erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opYJKHe H3
COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
HHrepHII KHop H Yr3HAl He60JIblllHe nO)l(epTBOB3HHII nOJIYTBlJIH
TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
Tax Ha npoTJIJKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no
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rrporpaMMbI BOOHHOH nOMOmH ycoBepweHCTBOBaJI B03MOJKHOCTH
MOPCKHX H B03)JyWHhIX )JOCTaBOK H )J06WICII nporpecca B pa3Mepax
H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y)JapHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH IjJIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H
paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
MOJKHOCTJlX )JeMOHCTp3[(HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTashy
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COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIjJIHKTOB B reorpaljHIeCKH
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lHaqeHHII )JJIII o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO)J ITO OHH
6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
)J06WICJI cywecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHII MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA
42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
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IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
THB pemaIOlUee JlAepHoe npeBocXOACTBO BPHA JIH CTaIlH 6hl npeAshy
npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle IltapaTeJIbHble MephI
1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
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COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll)KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO
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COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
MYHHCTHlJeCIltHX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHHshy
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AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
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1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
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AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
HallanO 3TOMY pa30llapoBaHHlO Be MOJKHO OTHeCTH ygtKe K tJeTBepTOH
cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
HlpaH1IbCKHX KOHCPnHKTOB 3TO yqacTHe HHKorDa npegtKIJe He 6hlshy
no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
TorDa snepBhle COBeTCKHH COlO3 ocyrneCTBun MaCCOBhle H Henpeshy
pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
rpY30BbIX asuapeHCOB H OInpasneHo 30 COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX cyshylJOB TaK lITO apa6hl B xolJe 3Toro KOHCPnHKTa nonYIJHnH npHMepHO
100 ThlC T BOOPYgtKeHHH 3TH COBeTCKHe nOCTaBKH 3HaCfHTenbHO
npeBblWaJIH Bee DpeDWeCTBOBaBllDIe B TpeTHH MHP HeT HCTOPHshy
tJeCKHX napanneneH H CTeneHH BOBnetJeHHOCTH B lTy BOHHy COBeTCshy
KHX BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H BoeHHoro nepCOHaJIa COBeTCKHe BoeHshy
HbIe COBeTHHKH BeJlH TaHKH OT JIaTaKBH lJO llaMacKa ynpaBnanH
paDapHhlM 060pYlJOBaHHeM peMOHTHPOBaJIH 0PYlJH$l nOBpe)KleHshy
Hble B 6oax PYKOBOAHnH npoTHBOB03JlYlUllOH 060POHOH CHpHilCKHX
nOpToB IbBecmo QTO COBeTCKHe cneIJHaJIHCTbI conpoBO)KlaJlH
CHpHHCKHe Ha3eMHbIe BOHCKa nOBCIOly 3a BCKnIOtJeHHeM cppoHTa
60eBbIX lJeHCTBBH npB 3TOM no KpaiiHeH Mepe no OlJHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY COBeTHBKy B3 CCCP 6bInO npBKOMSHAHpoBSHO K KagtKAOMY
CHpHilCKOMY KOM3HlJHOMY nocTY HaCfHHaH OT KOMSHAHpa 6aTaJIboshy
Ha B BblWe cem COBeTCKBX B03lyWHhlX lBBBlHH HaXOAHnHCIo B
COCTOHHHH 6oeBoH rOTOBHOCTH 6onbwyro lIaCTb BOHHbI CfHClleHHOCTb
COBeTCKoro BoeHHO-MopCKoro cpnOTa B CpeDHleMHOM MOpe 6hlna
ysenHlJeHa AD 90 CYlJOB BKnIOIJaH HeCKonbKO lJeCSHTHhlX CYlJOB
CCCP HHKOrla He npeADpHHHMan nOlJo6Hbrx lJeHCTBHH B npownOM
Bonee Toro noene npeKpameHHH OrHH Ky6HHCKaH 6poHeTaHKOBaH
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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KYpca no OTHomeHHIO K TypuKH MocKBa CTaJIa paCCMaTpHBaTh
B03MO)KHOCTH npHMHpeHHJI C H3IUl0HaJIHCTHlIeCKHM ABH)KeHHeM
MYCTacphl KeMaJIb-namH nOHHMaJI liTO HeIJaBHO C03IJaHHaJ1 cna6aJ1
KOMMyHHCTHlfeCKaJI napTHJI TyPUHH He HMeeT HHKaKHX nepcneKTHB
nOJIYlfHTh HapoAHYIO nOAAep)KKf KeMaJIh B TO BpeMJI BeJI 60H C
rpellecKoil apMHeil nhlTaBmeHCJI oKKyrmpoBaTb AHaTOJIHIO B COOTshy
BeTCTBHH C CeBpCKHM AorOBopoM COBeTCKoe PYKOBOACTBO 01leshy
BHABO COUlO lITO n06eIJa KeMaJIJI nOAopBaJIa 6bl BJIHJlHHe BeJIHKOshy
6pHTaHHH H APyrHX 3anaIJHbIX Aep)KSB Ha BJIH)KHeM BoCTOKe lITO
oTBetJaJIO HHTepecaM 6e30nacHoCTH COBeTCKoro rocyIJapcma H Morshy
no cnoco6CTBOBaTh YCBJIeHHIO peBOJIIOuKOHHOil 6oph6hl B EBponeS
nocne cno)KI1hIX neperoBopoB 16 MapTa 1921 r B AuKape COBeTCshy
Koe npaBHTenbCTBo nOADHCaJIO AOrl)BOp 0 APf)K6e C HaUHOHaJIHCTHshy
QeCKHM pe)KHMOM KeMaJ1lgt-namH B TelleHHe nocneAYIOmHX JIJlTH8AUlshy
TH MeCJlUeB KpeMJIb cua6A8J1 apMHIO KeMaJIJI BOeHHllIM cuapJI)Keshy
HHeM AOCTaTOllHhIM AJIJI 3KHDHpoBKH TpeX AHBH3HH KpoMe Toro
MOCKBa 3HalfHTeJIbHO YBeJ1HqHJIa KpeAHTbI AJIJI 3aKynKH TYPuKeil
BoeHHoro CHapB)KeHHJI He CTaB pemaIOIuKM cpaKTopoM COBeTCKaJI
nOMOmb Bce )Ke cnoco6cmOBaJIa n000Ae KeMaJIJI BaA rpeQeCKHMH
CHJIaMH oceHbIO 1922 r 3TOT 3Im30A MO)KeT ClfHTaTbCJI nepBhIM
HCTOpHtJecKHM npHMepoM cOBeTcKoH BoeHHOil nOMomH HHOCTpaHshy
HOMY pe)KHMY BeAYmeMY BOHHy
npyroH npHMep COBeTCKoro AHDJIOMaTHlfeCKoro H BoeHHoro
yqaCTHJI B perHOHaJIbHhIX KOHCPJIHKTaX B paHHHH nepHoA COBeTcKoH
HCTOpHH HMeJI Mecro B 1923middot1927 rr KorIJa MocKBa OKa3hIBaJIa
nOMomb rOMHHhIJaHy - 6a3HpymmeilCJI B KaHTOHe HauHOHaJ1lgtHOshy
PeBonIOuKoHHoil napTHH A-pa CyH HTceHa BeIJYmero 6oph6y 3a
oi5beIJHHeHHe nOA ero PYKOBOACTBOM nepe)KHBaBmero pacKon KHshyTaB 3TO 6bIJlO nepBoe Cephe3HOe HcnhITaHHe neHHHcKoH cTpaTerHH
oi5beIJHHeHHoro cppoHTa H OHO 3aKOHtJHJIOCh nonHbIM npoBaJIOM
3TO 6hIJIa OIJHa H3 caMhIX cnO)K8bIX onepauKH 3a BCIO HCTOPHIO
COBeTCKOH AHIIJIOMaTHH nOAAep)KHBaJI AHIIJIOMamlleCKHe OTHomeshy
HHJI C BeChMa cna6hIM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM KHTaHCKOil Pecny6JIHKH
B neKHHe MOCKBa yCTaHOBHJIa OTHomeHHJI C rOMHHbAaHOM H PJlshy
AOM BoeHHbIX cpe0IJaJ10B KOHTPOJIHPYIOIuKX pa3JIHtJHhIe paHOHhI
KHTaB KpoMe Toro 6bIJI YCBJIeH H 003 Toro 3HalfHTeJIhHhIil KOHTshy
panb HaA MaJIOlfHcneHHoH KOMMYHHCTH1leCKOH napmeil KHTaJI KOTOpaJI nocne 1922 r 06pa3oBana eAHHbIH CPPOHT C rOMHHbAaHOM
fOMHHbAaHo-KoMMYHHCTHlfecKHH CPPOHTC03AaHHbIH rnaBHhIM 06shy
pa30M yCHJ1HJIMH COBeTCKOrO AHIIJIOMaTa ~onhcpa Hocpcpe CTan
lJlIJi KpeMJIJI KaHaJIOM C nOMOmbIO KOTOPOro OH B TeQeHHe HeCKOJIbshy
KHX JIeT oK83bman BJ1HJIHHe Ha nOnHTHKY rOMHHbIJaHa
B JlHBape 1923 r CyH JlTceH H Hocpcpe nOAJIHCanH COrnameHHe
o nOJIHTHlIeCKOM H BoeHHOM cOTpyAHHtJeCTBe B SBrYCTe npeACTaBHshy
TeJIh HauKOHanHCTOB reHepan lIaH KailmH nOCeTHJI MOCKBY AJIJI 06CY)KIJeHHJI B03MO)KHOCTeil BOeHHoil nOMOmH roMHHbIJaHy co
26 27
CTOPOHbl CCCP Bo BpeMJI noro BH3HTa areHT KOMHHTepHa MHxaHl1
BopoJJHH maBHbIH KOOpJJHHarop COBeTCKOH nOnHTHKH B KHTae
BllJIOTb AO 1927 r HaJ1paBHllCfI B KnTaH BO maBe Aenerarnm H3
HeCKOllbKHX BoeHHbIX COBetHHKOB - BetepaHOB rpaJKJaHCKOH BOHRbl
H BblnyCKHHKOB BOeHHOH AKaJeMHH KpacHoH ApMHH 3TH COBeTCshy
KHe BoeHHble COBeTHHKH CblrpanH BeAymyID pOllb B C03JaHHH yKOMnshy
neKTOBaHHH H QgtHHaHCHPOBaHHH BoeHHOH aKaJeMHH BaMny MH3KaHshy
TOHa B KOTOPOH 06yqallHCb 6yuyIUHe KHTaHCKHe oQgtuuepbl B Mae
1925 r ewe OJHa 60llbllUJI rpynna COBetCKHX COBeTHHKOB npH6b1JIa
B KaRTOH AJ1fI 60eBoro 06yqeHHH oQgtuuepcKoro COCTaBa HIwHOHallbshy
HOH peBOJ1IOLUlOHHOH apMHH (HPA) COBeTCKnH COlO3 HanpaBHllAJ1fI
HPA Qepe3 BnaJHBOCTOK BoeHHoe CHapfIlKeHHe BKJ1IOUlJI 60nee
23 TbIC WT crpellKoBoro 0pylKHH H 6onblllYIO naprHIO 60enpHllacoB
ComaCHO COBetCKHM HCToqHHKaM CTOHMOCTb 0pylKHH nOCTaBneHshy
Horo B HPA K AeKa6plO 1925 r COCTaBHlla 2 MllH AOnJIapoB C pacshy
IUHpeHHeM rpalKJaHCKOH BOHmI B KHTae COBetCKHe COBetHHKH H
OqeBHJHO HeCKonbKO BOHHCKHX nOApa3AeneHnH yqaCTBOBallH B
60eBbIX AeHCTBHHX qaCTeH HPA B nepBble MeCfI1Jb1 qpe3BbNaHHO
ycnelllHoH ceBepHOH 3KcneAHUHH laH KaHIIIH CCCP cHa6lKall nOAshy
pa3AeneHHH ero apMHH KOPOTKOBOllHOBOH paJHOannapaTypOH a
COBetCKaH aBualUDl BpeMJI OT BpeMeHH OCywecTBllfIJ1a TaKTHlIeCKHe
6oM6aPAHPOBKH pa3BeAKY H AOCTaBKy rpY3oB B TO BpeMfI B KHTae
HaXOAHllOCb B03MOlKH0 60neee 1 TblC COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB
I10 HpoHHH HCTOPHH HaMepeHHe CTallHHa nenefIBlllero HaAelKshy
uy ITO KHTaHCKHe KOMMYHHCTbI npelKJe qeM nOpBaTh C rOMHHbshy
]aHOM BbllKMyY ero KaK llHMOH ocyweCTBHllOCb TaK CKaJaTb
HllH3HaHKY COnepHHleCTBO MelKoy KOMMYHHCTaMH H HauHOHaJIHCshy
TaMB BHyYpH oooeJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa nOCTOfIHHO YCHllHBaJIOCb B03shy
HHKaJIH HaJ1pfIlKeHHble CHryarnm H HHlUIAeHTbl KOTopble npHBenH
K paCKOny rOMHHbJaHa H BnocneACTBHH B anpene 1927 r KOMMyshy
HHCTbI B lIIaHxae 6bmH HCTpe6neHbl HX COI03HHKaMH-HaLUlOHanHCshy
raMB IIIaHxaHcKafI pe3HH npHBena K nonHOMY pa3pbmy CCCP
C HaLUlOHaJIHCTaMH ITO 6b1J1o no cyweCTBY npOBaJIOM COBeTCKHX
nOUbITOK npoHHKHOBeHHfI B KnTaH XOTfI nOnblTKa KpeMJ1fI COTPYAshy
HHlaTb C KHTaHCKHMH H3IUIOHaJIHCTaMH 3aKOHIHJ1aCb npoBallOM
ee 003 COMHeHHfI MOlKHO paCCMatpHBaTb KaK 3alaTOK COBetCKoro
nOJXOAa K MeCTHblM KOHQgtnHKTaM H HCllOnb30BaHHH BoeHHOH noshy
MOWJI ApyrHM rOCYAaPCTBaM B nOJIHTHlIeCKHX UeJ1fIX B pe3yJIbTaTe
28
noro OnbITa KpeMlleBCKOe PYKOBOACTBO OC03HaJIO pHCK cnHlllKOM
TeCHOH CBfI3H BHeIllHenOJIHTJieCKHX ueneH CCCP C CYJbGaMH MeCTshy
HbIX KOMllapm KpoMe TOro lllaHXaHCKaH pe3HH nOJtjepKHYna
BagtKHOCTb npaBHllbHOH oueHKH waHca CHll H MeCTHOH nonHTJiecshy
KOH CHTyarnm C nOMOWblO c60pa pa3BeJbIBaTenbHOH HHQgtOpMarnm
H auaJIH3a HaKOHeu KHTaHCKnH npoBaJI B03MOlKHO 06bfICHHeT
OCTOpolKHOCTb H onaCKY C KOTOPOH CCCP OTHOCHllCfI K yqaCTHlO
B JIOKallbHbIX KOHQgtJIHKTax B TeqeHHe nocneAYIOWHX copOKa
neT illaHxaHCKaH pe3HH 03HalaJ1a KOHeu no KpaHHeH Mepe AO noshy
pbl AO BpeMeHH CTpaTernu oooerumeHHoro QgtpoHTa C HaUIOHaJIHCTHshy
qeCKHMH ABHlKeHHfIMH CQgt0PMYJIHPOBaHHOH neHHHblM 3a ceMb neT
]10 noro co6blTHfI I10cne 1927 r HaLUlOHaJ1bHYIO 6YPlKYa3HIO
nepecTanH ClHTaTh BalKHbIM HHcrpYMeHTOM pacnpocrpaHeHHH peshy
BonlOUHOHHblX HAeH B KonOHHaJIbHOM MHpe Cepbe3Hble nOllJUKH
pa3lKHraHHfI peBOJIIOUHH 3a pyOOlKOM no cyweCTBY npeKpaTHllHCb B
30-x roJax CCCP CTaJI cocpeAOraIHBaTbCfI Ha BHyYpeHHHX npofilIeshy
Max no TeopHH nocrpoeHHH counanH3Ma B OJHOH crpaHe I1peAoTshy
BpaWeHHe npfIMbIX yrp03 HaUHOHallbHOH 6e30naCHocTH CCCP CTaJ10
npeofiJIaAaIOIUHM acneKTOM BHelllHeH nonHTHKH MocKBbl OKKynashy
UHfI HnOHHeH MaHbllKYpHH B ceHTfI6pe 1931 r H npHXOA fHTJIepa
K BllaCTH B fepMaHHH B fIHBape 1933 r nOCTaBHll COBeTcKH8 COlO3
nepeA nepcneKTHBoH HMeTb Aeno C pacryIUHMB BpalKAe6HbIMH
CH1IaMB Ha ABYX QgtpoHTax I10A yrp0308 BOHHbI Ha ABYx QgtpoHTax
B03MOlKHOCTb KOTOP08 nOCTOfIHHO B03pacTaJIa B TeqeHHe AeCfITHlleshy
THfI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTOlHJ1CfI Ha C03JaHHH MEraquoltaYHAPOJJH() IOoooeJJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa npoTHB nOTeHllHallbHbIXBparoB COBeTCshy
Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQgtJ1HKraX B 30-x
roJax cneuyeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme OJHoro H3 acneKTOB noshy
llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOTshy
BpaweHHe HllH OTTfIrHBaHHe yrpolKalOwero BCDblXHyYb nOlKapa a He
Ha JaJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHHfI KOTopbIe B03MOlKH0
6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee
AeCfITHlleTHe
B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3HaIHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO
nOMOWb npaBHTenfIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYAlKeHIO (1931-1933 rr)
H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO (1933-1943 rr) BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe
KOHQgtllHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH QgteoAaJIaMH
29
feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH
nOMOlllbIO npOTHB JpyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX qeOnanOB
B 1934 r B nOMOWb reHepany lIIeuy 6bl1IH HanpaBneHbI
JBe 6pmaJbI HKBJl H aBHaUHOHHas qaCTb B 1937 r illeH BHOBb 06paTHJICH 3a nOMOWbIO K CCCP H BHOBb eMY
6bIIIH nocnanDl BOHHCKHe nOJpalJeneHWI H BOllJyUIHoe
npHKpbITHe KpoMe Toro 6bIIIO nOCTaBneHO 06MynlJHPoshy
BaHHe JnH JecHTHTDlCHqHOH CHHbU3HHCKOH apMHH B YPYMshy
qu 6bIII nOCTpoeH coBeTcKHH C60POIHbIH aBHaUROHHbIH 3ashy
BOJ H B 1938middot1939 rr HeCKOnbKO COT COBeTCKHXnerqHl(OB
Benu 06yqeHHe B CeKpeTHOH neTHOH WKOne B KynbJ)Ke 7
ITpeJnaras nOMOWb CHHbu3HHCKHM BOeHHbIM qeOnanaM
CCCP o6ecnequn ce6e lHaquTenbHoe BOeHHoe npHcyTCTBHe B paHOshy
He KOTOPbIH HMen 6bI BIDKHoe CTpareruqeCKoe lHaqeHHe B cnyqae
BOHnDl C HnOHHeH B 1932 r MocKBa BOCCTaHOBHna OTHOIIIeHWI
C rOMHHbJaHOM HaXOJIJuHMCH y BnaCTH B ITeKHHe K nery 1937 r
KHTaHCKo-HnOHcKHH KOHqnHKT npeBpaTHJICH B HacTOHwYIO BOiiHy
B aBrYCTe CCCP 3aKnIOqun naKT 0 HeHanaJeHHH C HaUROHallHCTuqecshy
KHM npaBHTenbCTBoM KHTas ITo ycnOBHHM 3TOro cormlIueHHH
CCCP OqeBHJHO 06H3bIBallCH nOCTaBnHTb BOopYKeHHe H BoeHHoe
cnapJDKeHHe B 06MeH Ha CbIPre
KpynHbIe BoeHHble nOCTaBKH nocneJOBallH qepel CHHbu3HH
B JIamTDKoy Ha ceBepo-3analJe KHTu nonHbIH o6beM 3THX nOCTashy
BOK HeH3BecTeH HO OHH BKnI01f8J1H COTHH BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
TbICsqu nyneMeToB H 6onbIIIoe qucno aprunnepHHcKHx YCTanoBoK
H rpY30BHKOB CornacHo HeKOTOPDlM Hcro~KaM COBeTcKHH COI03
B TO BpeMH 3KHnHPOBall OT 10J0 20 KHTaHCKHX JHBH3HH 3cKaJshy
pHnbH COBerCKHX 6oM6aPlJHPOBWHKOB H HCTpeooTeneH ynpaBnHeshy
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HaJIHCTOB B JeKa6pe 1937 r BonbIIIoe qucno BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
npHcnaHHbIX CCCP HauHOHanHCraM 6Dlno c06pano Ha 3aBOJe B
YPYM1IHmiddot Jj 1935-1939 rr H3-la PHJa nor~x HHuHJeHTOB B03HHK
na yrpo3a coBeTcKo-HnoHcKoH BOHHbI ITPOH30IImH JBa KpynHbIX
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na C Mas no ceHTH6pb 1939 r B KOTOPbIX npHHHnH Y1J3CTHeJo 50 TDlC
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cnyqae BOeHHbIe CTOJIl(HOBeHHSI He npHHecnH n06elJy HH OJHOH H3 croshy
pOH H CywecTBOBaBIIIHH npe)K)le cTaryCKBO 6bIn BOCCTaHOBneH HO
3TH KOHqnHKTbI CBHlJeremCTBOBanH 0 BepOHTHOCTH BOHHbI MelKlJy
MOCKBOH H T OKHO B nOM KOHTeKCTe COBeTCKU nOMOWb HaIIHOHa
nHCTuqeCKHM CHnaM B KHTae CTalla COcraBHOH 1J3CTbIO 060POHHOH noshy
nHTHKH CCCP HanoJ06He nOMOWH KOTOPYIO OKalbIBanH COBeTCKOshy
MY COIOlY COeJHHeHHble lIITaTDl H BenHK06pHTanHSl no neHJ-nH3y
TaKOH crpaTernqeCKHH noJXoJ K npo6neMe HauHOHallbHOH
6e30nacHocm onpeJenHn peIIIeHHe CTanHHa npHHHTlgt yqacme B
rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B 1936-1939 rr KaK llHcan NaM
YnaM COBerCKoe npaBHTenbCTBo MeHbIIIe Bcero lJyManO 0 TOM
lT06Dl npeBpaTHTb HCnaHHIO B CBoero carennHTa8 nocKonbKY B
TO BpeMH CCCP nbITallCH 3aBOeBaTb JOBepHe BenHK06pHTaHHH
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KOH KOallHUHH HcnancKHe KOMMYHHCTbI nonyqHnH YKalaHHe
BCHqeCKH nOJJepXltHBaTb elJHHbIH qpom C pecny6nHKauuaMH
MOCKBa Jenalla Bce BOlMO)KHOe lT06bI COXpaHHTb B TaHHe CBoe
yqacTHe B rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B COCTaBe copoKaTbICHqshy
HbIX HHTepHaURoHanbHbIX 6pHralJ COlJaHHbIX KOMHHTepHOM
H3 J06poBonbueB MHornx crpan MHpa He 6bIIIO COBeTCKHX rpalK
JaH OJHaKO 60nee 2 TbIcCOBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H Texshy
HHqeCKHX cneuHanHCTOB HaXOJHnHCb B HcnaHHH H COBeTCKoe npamiddot
BHTenbCTBO nOCTOHHHO nOCTaBnxno pecny6nKKauuaM BoeHHoe 060
PYJoBaHHe Pecny6nHKanCKoMY npaBKTenbCTBY 6bIII npeJoCTaBneH
KpeJHT Ha 85 MnH JonnapoB COBeTcKHe HcnaucKHe HJpyrHeTopromiddot
BbIe cylJa JOCTaBnHnH 60nbIIIHe napTHH BoeHHoro CHapHlKeHHSI B Hcnamiddot
HRIO B xOJe BOHHDI cPpanKHcTcKHe CHnbI nOTOnHnH HnH 3axBaTHJIH
HecKonbKo COBeTCKHX CYJOB npH 3TOM HMenKCb qenOBeqeCKHe
lKepTBDl fepMancKHH BoeHHbIH aTTarue Ha6nIOJaBIIIHH la COBeTCKH
MH BOeHHbIMH nOCTaBKaMH B HcnaHHIO npHBen TaKHe JaHHbIe 0 HHX
164 CYJHa JocraBHnH 242 BoeHHblX caMoneTa 703
apmnnepHHcKHX 0PYlJHSl 27 3eHHTOK 731 TaRK 1386 rpYloBHKoB
69200 T Jpyrnx BoeHHblX rpy30B 29125 T 6oenpHnacoB a TaKlKe
28 049 T 6eH3HHa 100 aBTOMaTOB 500 ray6HU 187 TpaKTOpoB
325 T MeJHuHHCKOrO 060pYJoBaHWI H MeJHKaMemOB 27 278 T
HeqTH-cbIPua 5650 T CMalOlHbIX MaTepHanOB 450 T oJelKJbI
H 920 oqHuepOB H ConJaT9
31
30
3anSAHbIe HCTOpHKH XblO TOMac H JIyuC 4Imuep ClIHTalOTlITO
B 3THX BbIKJIaroltax repMaHCKorO anaIlle HCTHHHbIe pa3MepbI COBeTCshy
KHX nOCTaBOK B HCOaHHIO 3aHHXlteHbI1 0
TIoCTeneHHO peIllHMOCTb CTarIHHa BOCOpenHTCTBOBaTb no6erte
qaIllH3Ma B HCOaHHH cna6eJIa K TOMY )Ke CJIO)KHaH 33Aala nOCTOHH-
HbIX nOCTaBOK Ha ~bHHe paCCTOHHHH 6bIlla He nOA CHJIY CCCP
KaK TOJIbKO COBeTCKoe PyKOBOACTBO npHIllJIO K BbWOAY lITO JIOHshy
AOH TIapH)K H BannmrTOH He 3aHHTepeCOBaHbI B COlO3e C CCCP
npoTHS ~CTCKOH repMaHHH CTaDHH CTaJI paCCMaTpHBaTb B03shy
MO)KHOCTb crOBopa C repMaHHeH BnOCl1eACTBHH 6bIll 3aKJIIOIeH
oaKT MOJIoToBa-PH66eHTpona 0 HeHanalJeHHH nOADHcaHHbIH B aBshy
ryCTe 1939 r EBpona OKa3aJIaCb B npe)JllBepHH nO)Kapa
TaKHM 06pa30M B nepHoA OT OKTH6pbCKOH peBOJIIOuHH
H AO BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI CCCP BbICTynaJI B POJIH OCHOBHoro
nOCTaBmHKa 0PYXltHlI B TpeX KOHcpJIHKTaX - B 6oPb6e rOMHHbAashy
HOBCKHX H~OHaJIHCTOB B KHTaHCKO-HOOHCKOH BOHHe H B rpaXltshy
MHCKOH BOHRe B HcoaHHH a TaK)Ke npeADpHHHJl HeCKOJIbKO MeHee
maIHTeJIbHbIX nonbITOK OKa3aTb BJIHHHHe Ha HCXOA JIOKaJIbHbIX
cnopoB B PaHOHax TpalHlJltOHHO npeACTaBJIHBIllHX HHTepec AHH POCCHH 3n TeHlJeHIUUI npoAOJIXltanaCb B TeleHHe HeCKOJIbKHX
JIeT nOCl1e BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI JlHrnb C cepeAHHbI 50-x rOAOB
CCCP HalHHaeT npeADPHHHMaTb Cepbe3HbIe yCHJlHH no paCIllHpeHHIO
BJIHHHHH B CTpaHaX TpeTberO MHpa 3a npeAeJIaMH TpauHlUIOHHbIX
HHTepeCOB POCCHH H JIHIllb BCl1eA 3a 3THM 3KCOOpr BoopyxlteHHil
CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbIM HHCTpyMeHTOM COBeTCKOH BHellIHeH nOJIUTHshy
KH TeM He MeHee B MeXltBOeHHbIe roIJbI KpeMJIb nOJlYlHJl BaXltHbIH
npaKTHqeCKHH ypoK KacalOmuHcH npHpoAbI JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHqJIHKshy
TOB JIHMHTOB H B03MO)KHOCTeH BoeHHOH nOMolliH H TbmOBbIX 3ashy
l]aq CBH3aHHbIX C TPaHCOOPTHpOBKOH 0PYXltHH H BoeHHOH nOMOmH
B OT~eHHbIe OT CCCP paHOHbI
I IlEPHOll nepHoA lJByx narepea (1945-1953 rr)
TIepBbIH nepHoA nOCl1eBoeHHoro COBeTCKoro yqacTHH B KOHshy
CPJIHKTax TpeTberO MHpa npHxoIJHTcH Ha nOCl1eIJHHe 8 JIeT npaBJIeHHH
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32 33
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34 35
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36 37
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mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
HHCTHqeCKHX pe)I(HMOB O)1HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH
B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
CTpaHaM nOCJIY)I(HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA
CY3nKOH BOOOH (OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f) OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH
nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
TOllHO TaK )l(e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP
HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO
BpeM1l nOfpaHHlHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me)l()1y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B
38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
KOBoro op)KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO
MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
BeHHylO POJIb
CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIlb H3 Bcex
CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme (HOBaR fBHHeH) (1961-1962 IT) H B
KaMnaHHH nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe fpoMH ManaibHlO (1963shy1965 IT) llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb
COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an HeynOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb
nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBashy
JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero
npeeMHHK HeMerrneHHO BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npenCT3BHTeJIeH H3
KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AaJI MocKBe B03shy
MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
HalOIlHHCH ypoK
COBeTCKoe yqacme B r~CKoH BoiIHe B Jlaoce B 1960shy1961 rr TO)Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIlb oooe
AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
Jlao orpaHHIHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP)KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO
MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep)KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH
ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
Han 80 TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB
neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiIHO BbIrOAHblMH nnH MOCKBbI Coeshy
AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIlb laquoIlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHYshy
AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCTshy
Ba BnocnenCTBHH )l(eHeBCKHH noroBop nOnnHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe
1962 r rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca
3HaquTeJIbHO 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p)KIDI CTpaHaM
TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepIHYT HM8M AxMen
YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY
nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO)KllHshy
MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH
XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
Qepe3 Kaup
Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA
MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiIH H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb
Me)KDy CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe)KHshy
BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3KcueHTpHllHaR yrPO)K8mshy
maR MaHepa nOBeneHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO BnellameHHe
40 41
H 3aIIaA (TaK)I(e KaK H BoCTOK) HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI1leHHe
KOrAll XpyweB 6bDI CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM )JOBOJIbHO yHbDIO
BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
Hhle 1j0PMhl lleM B nocne)JOBaBlllHe ro)Jbl llpH XpyweBe CCCP
erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
l3II BbIrO)JHhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPYKeHHil )JJIII
BHymHTeJIbHOH )JeMOHCTpaIJHH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6eJKaMH CTpaHhl
COBeTCKoe PYKOBO)JCTBO OqeBH)JHO OC03HaJIO He06xO)JHMoCTh
H3MeHeHHII noro nOJIO)l(eHHII )JllJl npH06peTeHHII MOCKBOH Me)l()Jyshy
aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
BaulHHTTOH
TOMac Booamplaquop OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06peshy
TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqashy
ny 1960-x rO)JOB
JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn) )JeCIITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHHII
XpyweBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo)JHMOCTb B 60JIee nO)JBH)I(shy
HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK )JJIJI ymep)f()JeHHII COBeTCKoro
npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H )JllII B03MOJKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HHII
B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
JIeC006pa3HO npHMeHIITb yrP03Y HeMe)JJIeuaoro MepHQshyro HCTpe6neHHII18
HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI)JePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne
KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyweshy
Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJIshy
JIHCTHIIeCKHX paKeT nOITH B TpH pa3a npeBhlwana 3TOT nOKalareJIb
1962 r (200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75)
m nEPUOll 3apo)I()JeHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA )JOKTpHHLl
(196S-1972rr)
llPHXO)J K BJIaCTH BpeJKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r
nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO)JCTBa npoIIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOCshy
TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
MlIP)Jmiddot )JOJIJIapoBj erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opYJKHe H3
COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
HHrepHII KHop H Yr3HAl He60JIblllHe nO)l(epTBOB3HHII nOJIYTBlJIH
TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
Tax Ha npoTJIJKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no
cpasHeHHIO co BTOPbIM nepuO)JOM
B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH COI03 pa3BWI H paCIlIHpWI CBOH
rrporpaMMbI BOOHHOH nOMOmH ycoBepweHCTBOBaJI B03MOJKHOCTH
MOPCKHX H B03)JyWHhIX )JOCTaBOK H )J06WICII nporpecca B pa3Mepax
H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y)JapHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH IjJIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H
paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
MOJKHOCTJlX )JeMOHCTp3[(HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTashy
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COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIjJIHKTOB B reorpaljHIeCKH
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3H3TB1reJILHaJI qaCTb BHOBb C03)J3HHhIX CWI He HMeJIa cyweCTBeHHoro
lHaqeHHII )JJIII o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO)J ITO OHH
6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
)J06WICJI cywecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHII MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA
42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
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Horo JlAepHoro napHTeTa 003 COMHeHHJl yKpellHJIO YBepeHHOCTh
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CBepXAep)KaBhl CTOJIlUeH Ha OAHOM ypOBHe C CoeAHHeHHhlMH
IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
THB pemaIOlUee JlAepHoe npeBocXOACTBO BPHA JIH CTaIlH 6hl npeAshy
npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle IltapaTeJIbHble MephI
1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
JIH CeBepHhIH BWTHaM opY)KHeM H AO 1965 r HO nOCJIe Tom IltaK
COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll)KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO
YBeJIHlIHBaTh CBOH Ha3eMHbIe BoeHHhle CHJIhI BO BWTHaMe COBeTeshy
IltaH nOMOlUb CeBepHOMY BWTHaMY pe3Ilt0 B03poCJIa BCTynrreHHe
COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
MYHHCTHlJeCIltHX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHHshy
lJeCTBO C lIeKHHoM B03MO)KH0 6bUIO ropa3AO 60JIee Ba)KHbiM AJlI
CCCP ltpaKTOPOM AJlI BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOHltpJIHIltT B POJIH nOCTaBshy
IUHKa opY)KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO )Ke
BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
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AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
HallanO 3TOMY pa30llapoBaHHlO Be MOJKHO OTHeCTH ygtKe K tJeTBepTOH
cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
HlpaH1IbCKHX KOHCPnHKTOB 3TO yqacTHe HHKorDa npegtKIJe He 6hlshy
no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
TorDa snepBhle COBeTCKHH COlO3 ocyrneCTBun MaCCOBhle H Henpeshy
pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
rpY30BbIX asuapeHCOB H OInpasneHo 30 COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX cyshylJOB TaK lITO apa6hl B xolJe 3Toro KOHCPnHKTa nonYIJHnH npHMepHO
100 ThlC T BOOPYgtKeHHH 3TH COBeTCKHe nOCTaBKH 3HaCfHTenbHO
npeBblWaJIH Bee DpeDWeCTBOBaBllDIe B TpeTHH MHP HeT HCTOPHshy
tJeCKHX napanneneH H CTeneHH BOBnetJeHHOCTH B lTy BOHHy COBeTCshy
KHX BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H BoeHHoro nepCOHaJIa COBeTCKHe BoeHshy
HbIe COBeTHHKH BeJlH TaHKH OT JIaTaKBH lJO llaMacKa ynpaBnanH
paDapHhlM 060pYlJOBaHHeM peMOHTHPOBaJIH 0PYlJH$l nOBpe)KleHshy
Hble B 6oax PYKOBOAHnH npoTHBOB03JlYlUllOH 060POHOH CHpHilCKHX
nOpToB IbBecmo QTO COBeTCKHe cneIJHaJIHCTbI conpoBO)KlaJlH
CHpHHCKHe Ha3eMHbIe BOHCKa nOBCIOly 3a BCKnIOtJeHHeM cppoHTa
60eBbIX lJeHCTBBH npB 3TOM no KpaiiHeH Mepe no OlJHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY COBeTHBKy B3 CCCP 6bInO npBKOMSHAHpoBSHO K KagtKAOMY
CHpHilCKOMY KOM3HlJHOMY nocTY HaCfHHaH OT KOMSHAHpa 6aTaJIboshy
Ha B BblWe cem COBeTCKBX B03lyWHhlX lBBBlHH HaXOAHnHCIo B
COCTOHHHH 6oeBoH rOTOBHOCTH 6onbwyro lIaCTb BOHHbI CfHClleHHOCTb
COBeTCKoro BoeHHO-MopCKoro cpnOTa B CpeDHleMHOM MOpe 6hlna
ysenHlJeHa AD 90 CYlJOB BKnIOIJaH HeCKonbKO lJeCSHTHhlX CYlJOB
CCCP HHKOrla He npeADpHHHMan nOlJo6Hbrx lJeHCTBHH B npownOM
Bonee Toro noene npeKpameHHH OrHH Ky6HHCKaH 6poHeTaHKOBaH
6pHT8Da 6hlna pa3Merneua no JlHHBH CHpBHCKoro cppoHTa OHa He
npHHHMaJIa yqaCTHH B 60eBbIx lJeHCTBBHX HO pa3MerneHHe 3TOH 6PBshy
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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nOUbITOK npoHHKHOBeHHfI B KnTaH XOTfI nOnblTKa KpeMJ1fI COTPYAshy
HHlaTb C KHTaHCKHMH H3IUIOHaJIHCTaMH 3aKOHIHJ1aCb npoBallOM
ee 003 COMHeHHfI MOlKHO paCCMatpHBaTb KaK 3alaTOK COBetCKoro
nOJXOAa K MeCTHblM KOHQgtnHKTaM H HCllOnb30BaHHH BoeHHOH noshy
MOWJI ApyrHM rOCYAaPCTBaM B nOJIHTHlIeCKHX UeJ1fIX B pe3yJIbTaTe
28
noro OnbITa KpeMlleBCKOe PYKOBOACTBO OC03HaJIO pHCK cnHlllKOM
TeCHOH CBfI3H BHeIllHenOJIHTJieCKHX ueneH CCCP C CYJbGaMH MeCTshy
HbIX KOMllapm KpoMe TOro lllaHXaHCKaH pe3HH nOJtjepKHYna
BagtKHOCTb npaBHllbHOH oueHKH waHca CHll H MeCTHOH nonHTJiecshy
KOH CHTyarnm C nOMOWblO c60pa pa3BeJbIBaTenbHOH HHQgtOpMarnm
H auaJIH3a HaKOHeu KHTaHCKnH npoBaJI B03MOlKHO 06bfICHHeT
OCTOpolKHOCTb H onaCKY C KOTOPOH CCCP OTHOCHllCfI K yqaCTHlO
B JIOKallbHbIX KOHQgtJIHKTax B TeqeHHe nocneAYIOWHX copOKa
neT illaHxaHCKaH pe3HH 03HalaJ1a KOHeu no KpaHHeH Mepe AO noshy
pbl AO BpeMeHH CTpaTernu oooerumeHHoro QgtpoHTa C HaUIOHaJIHCTHshy
qeCKHMH ABHlKeHHfIMH CQgt0PMYJIHPOBaHHOH neHHHblM 3a ceMb neT
]10 noro co6blTHfI I10cne 1927 r HaLUlOHaJ1bHYIO 6YPlKYa3HIO
nepecTanH ClHTaTh BalKHbIM HHcrpYMeHTOM pacnpocrpaHeHHH peshy
BonlOUHOHHblX HAeH B KonOHHaJIbHOM MHpe Cepbe3Hble nOllJUKH
pa3lKHraHHfI peBOJIIOUHH 3a pyOOlKOM no cyweCTBY npeKpaTHllHCb B
30-x roJax CCCP CTaJI cocpeAOraIHBaTbCfI Ha BHyYpeHHHX npofilIeshy
Max no TeopHH nocrpoeHHH counanH3Ma B OJHOH crpaHe I1peAoTshy
BpaWeHHe npfIMbIX yrp03 HaUHOHallbHOH 6e30naCHocTH CCCP CTaJ10
npeofiJIaAaIOIUHM acneKTOM BHelllHeH nonHTHKH MocKBbl OKKynashy
UHfI HnOHHeH MaHbllKYpHH B ceHTfI6pe 1931 r H npHXOA fHTJIepa
K BllaCTH B fepMaHHH B fIHBape 1933 r nOCTaBHll COBeTcKH8 COlO3
nepeA nepcneKTHBoH HMeTb Aeno C pacryIUHMB BpalKAe6HbIMH
CH1IaMB Ha ABYX QgtpoHTax I10A yrp0308 BOHHbI Ha ABYx QgtpoHTax
B03MOlKHOCTb KOTOP08 nOCTOfIHHO B03pacTaJIa B TeqeHHe AeCfITHlleshy
THfI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTOlHJ1CfI Ha C03JaHHH MEraquoltaYHAPOJJH() IOoooeJJHHeHHOrO QgtpoHTa npoTHB nOTeHllHallbHbIXBparoB COBeTCshy
Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQgtJ1HKraX B 30-x
roJax cneuyeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme OJHoro H3 acneKTOB noshy
llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOTshy
BpaweHHe HllH OTTfIrHBaHHe yrpolKalOwero BCDblXHyYb nOlKapa a He
Ha JaJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHHfI KOTopbIe B03MOlKH0
6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee
AeCfITHlleTHe
B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3HaIHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO
nOMOWb npaBHTenfIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYAlKeHIO (1931-1933 rr)
H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO (1933-1943 rr) BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe
KOHQgtllHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH QgteoAaJIaMH
29
feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH
nOMOlllbIO npOTHB JpyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX qeOnanOB
B 1934 r B nOMOWb reHepany lIIeuy 6bl1IH HanpaBneHbI
JBe 6pmaJbI HKBJl H aBHaUHOHHas qaCTb B 1937 r illeH BHOBb 06paTHJICH 3a nOMOWbIO K CCCP H BHOBb eMY
6bIIIH nocnanDl BOHHCKHe nOJpalJeneHWI H BOllJyUIHoe
npHKpbITHe KpoMe Toro 6bIIIO nOCTaBneHO 06MynlJHPoshy
BaHHe JnH JecHTHTDlCHqHOH CHHbU3HHCKOH apMHH B YPYMshy
qu 6bIII nOCTpoeH coBeTcKHH C60POIHbIH aBHaUROHHbIH 3ashy
BOJ H B 1938middot1939 rr HeCKOnbKO COT COBeTCKHXnerqHl(OB
Benu 06yqeHHe B CeKpeTHOH neTHOH WKOne B KynbJ)Ke 7
ITpeJnaras nOMOWb CHHbu3HHCKHM BOeHHbIM qeOnanaM
CCCP o6ecnequn ce6e lHaquTenbHoe BOeHHoe npHcyTCTBHe B paHOshy
He KOTOPbIH HMen 6bI BIDKHoe CTpareruqeCKoe lHaqeHHe B cnyqae
BOHnDl C HnOHHeH B 1932 r MocKBa BOCCTaHOBHna OTHOIIIeHWI
C rOMHHbJaHOM HaXOJIJuHMCH y BnaCTH B ITeKHHe K nery 1937 r
KHTaHCKo-HnOHcKHH KOHqnHKT npeBpaTHJICH B HacTOHwYIO BOiiHy
B aBrYCTe CCCP 3aKnIOqun naKT 0 HeHanaJeHHH C HaUROHallHCTuqecshy
KHM npaBHTenbCTBoM KHTas ITo ycnOBHHM 3TOro cormlIueHHH
CCCP OqeBHJHO 06H3bIBallCH nOCTaBnHTb BOopYKeHHe H BoeHHoe
cnapJDKeHHe B 06MeH Ha CbIPre
KpynHbIe BoeHHble nOCTaBKH nocneJOBallH qepel CHHbu3HH
B JIamTDKoy Ha ceBepo-3analJe KHTu nonHbIH o6beM 3THX nOCTashy
BOK HeH3BecTeH HO OHH BKnI01f8J1H COTHH BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
TbICsqu nyneMeToB H 6onbIIIoe qucno aprunnepHHcKHx YCTanoBoK
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B TO BpeMH 3KHnHPOBall OT 10J0 20 KHTaHCKHX JHBH3HH 3cKaJshy
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HaJIHCTOB B JeKa6pe 1937 r BonbIIIoe qucno BoeHHbIX caMoneToB
npHcnaHHbIX CCCP HauHOHanHCraM 6Dlno c06pano Ha 3aBOJe B
YPYM1IHmiddot Jj 1935-1939 rr H3-la PHJa nor~x HHuHJeHTOB B03HHK
na yrpo3a coBeTcKo-HnoHcKoH BOHHbI ITPOH30IImH JBa KpynHbIX
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na C Mas no ceHTH6pb 1939 r B KOTOPbIX npHHHnH Y1J3CTHeJo 50 TDlC
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cnyqae BOeHHbIe CTOJIl(HOBeHHSI He npHHecnH n06elJy HH OJHOH H3 croshy
pOH H CywecTBOBaBIIIHH npe)K)le cTaryCKBO 6bIn BOCCTaHOBneH HO
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nHCTuqeCKHM CHnaM B KHTae CTalla COcraBHOH 1J3CTbIO 060POHHOH noshy
nHTHKH CCCP HanoJ06He nOMOWH KOTOPYIO OKalbIBanH COBeTCKOshy
MY COIOlY COeJHHeHHble lIITaTDl H BenHK06pHTanHSl no neHJ-nH3y
TaKOH crpaTernqeCKHH noJXoJ K npo6neMe HauHOHallbHOH
6e30nacHocm onpeJenHn peIIIeHHe CTanHHa npHHHTlgt yqacme B
rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B 1936-1939 rr KaK llHcan NaM
YnaM COBerCKoe npaBHTenbCTBo MeHbIIIe Bcero lJyManO 0 TOM
lT06Dl npeBpaTHTb HCnaHHIO B CBoero carennHTa8 nocKonbKY B
TO BpeMH CCCP nbITallCH 3aBOeBaTb JOBepHe BenHK06pHTaHHH
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KOH KOallHUHH HcnancKHe KOMMYHHCTbI nonyqHnH YKalaHHe
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MOCKBa Jenalla Bce BOlMO)KHOe lT06bI COXpaHHTb B TaHHe CBoe
yqacTHe B rpaXQJaHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B COCTaBe copoKaTbICHqshy
HbIX HHTepHaURoHanbHbIX 6pHralJ COlJaHHbIX KOMHHTepHOM
H3 J06poBonbueB MHornx crpan MHpa He 6bIIIO COBeTCKHX rpalK
JaH OJHaKO 60nee 2 TbIcCOBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H Texshy
HHqeCKHX cneuHanHCTOB HaXOJHnHCb B HcnaHHH H COBeTCKoe npamiddot
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KpeJHT Ha 85 MnH JonnapoB COBeTcKHe HcnaucKHe HJpyrHeTopromiddot
BbIe cylJa JOCTaBnHnH 60nbIIIHe napTHH BoeHHoro CHapHlKeHHSI B Hcnamiddot
HRIO B xOJe BOHHDI cPpanKHcTcKHe CHnbI nOTOnHnH HnH 3axBaTHJIH
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MH BOeHHbIMH nOCTaBKaMH B HcnaHHIO npHBen TaKHe JaHHbIe 0 HHX
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69200 T Jpyrnx BoeHHblX rpy30B 29125 T 6oenpHnacoB a TaKlKe
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31
30
3anSAHbIe HCTOpHKH XblO TOMac H JIyuC 4Imuep ClIHTalOTlITO
B 3THX BbIKJIaroltax repMaHCKorO anaIlle HCTHHHbIe pa3MepbI COBeTCshy
KHX nOCTaBOK B HCOaHHIO 3aHHXlteHbI1 0
TIoCTeneHHO peIllHMOCTb CTarIHHa BOCOpenHTCTBOBaTb no6erte
qaIllH3Ma B HCOaHHH cna6eJIa K TOMY )Ke CJIO)KHaH 33Aala nOCTOHH-
HbIX nOCTaBOK Ha ~bHHe paCCTOHHHH 6bIlla He nOA CHJIY CCCP
KaK TOJIbKO COBeTCKoe PyKOBOACTBO npHIllJIO K BbWOAY lITO JIOHshy
AOH TIapH)K H BannmrTOH He 3aHHTepeCOBaHbI B COlO3e C CCCP
npoTHS ~CTCKOH repMaHHH CTaDHH CTaJI paCCMaTpHBaTb B03shy
MO)KHOCTb crOBopa C repMaHHeH BnOCl1eACTBHH 6bIll 3aKJIIOIeH
oaKT MOJIoToBa-PH66eHTpona 0 HeHanalJeHHH nOADHcaHHbIH B aBshy
ryCTe 1939 r EBpona OKa3aJIaCb B npe)JllBepHH nO)Kapa
TaKHM 06pa30M B nepHoA OT OKTH6pbCKOH peBOJIIOuHH
H AO BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI CCCP BbICTynaJI B POJIH OCHOBHoro
nOCTaBmHKa 0PYXltHlI B TpeX KOHcpJIHKTaX - B 6oPb6e rOMHHbAashy
HOBCKHX H~OHaJIHCTOB B KHTaHCKO-HOOHCKOH BOHHe H B rpaXltshy
MHCKOH BOHRe B HcoaHHH a TaK)Ke npeADpHHHJl HeCKOJIbKO MeHee
maIHTeJIbHbIX nonbITOK OKa3aTb BJIHHHHe Ha HCXOA JIOKaJIbHbIX
cnopoB B PaHOHax TpalHlJltOHHO npeACTaBJIHBIllHX HHTepec AHH POCCHH 3n TeHlJeHIUUI npoAOJIXltanaCb B TeleHHe HeCKOJIbKHX
JIeT nOCl1e BTOPOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI JlHrnb C cepeAHHbI 50-x rOAOB
CCCP HalHHaeT npeADPHHHMaTb Cepbe3HbIe yCHJlHH no paCIllHpeHHIO
BJIHHHHH B CTpaHaX TpeTberO MHpa 3a npeAeJIaMH TpauHlUIOHHbIX
HHTepeCOB POCCHH H JIHIllb BCl1eA 3a 3THM 3KCOOpr BoopyxlteHHil
CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbIM HHCTpyMeHTOM COBeTCKOH BHellIHeH nOJIUTHshy
KH TeM He MeHee B MeXltBOeHHbIe roIJbI KpeMJIb nOJlYlHJl BaXltHbIH
npaKTHqeCKHH ypoK KacalOmuHcH npHpoAbI JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHqJIHKshy
TOB JIHMHTOB H B03MO)KHOCTeH BoeHHOH nOMolliH H TbmOBbIX 3ashy
l]aq CBH3aHHbIX C TPaHCOOPTHpOBKOH 0PYXltHH H BoeHHOH nOMOmH
B OT~eHHbIe OT CCCP paHOHbI
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opyXltHH npoH3BoIJHJIHCb noITH HCKJIIOlHTeJIbHO KOMMynHcmqeCKHM
peXltHMaM H lJBHxreHHHM B EBpone H A3HH Ha XIX Che3Ae KOMMYshy
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mHe nOIJAep)KKH CCCPll 3Ta TOIKa 3peHHH 3HaIHTeJIbHO orpaHHshy
tfHJla MaCIllTa6bI COBeTCKHX BHellIHenOJIHTHlIeCKHX yCHJIHil H 6bIlla
maBHOH npHlHHOH BHJlOcm 3aurpbWaHHH MOCKBbI C HeKoMMynHcshy
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HHe xaraHbI B 3pen H3paHJlb BoeHHoe CHapHXlteHHe - TbICJIIlH IllT
crpeJIKOBoro OPYXltHH 6oenpHOacbI H HeCKOJIbKO Hcrpe6HTeJIeH Mecshy
cepIllMHIJT COBeTcKoe PyKOBOACIBO BHlJHMO ClIHTaJIO lITO nOAshy
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KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJI KHTaH TIoCl1e HenpoIROro nepeMHpHH cymeCTBOshy
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npeAHO)KHJl BoeHHYIO nOMomb Mao U3eAYHY B TO BpeMH KaK CiliA
B IllHpoKHX Macnrra6ax nOCnBJIHJlH opYXltHe H - He MeHee HHTeHshy
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32 33
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IIo6eua KHTaHcKHX KOMMYHHCTOB H ycneWHoe YKpeWIeHHe coBeTcKoH rereMOHHH B BoCTOIHOH EBpone 003 COMHeHHS 6bmH uns CTanHHa Hero Konner CTHMYnOM K nepeCMOTpy BHeWHeH nonHshyTHKH KaK H nepBbIH COBeTCKHH HcnbITaTenbHblH suepHbIH B3pbm B aBrycTe 1949 r 3TH C06b1THS H3MeHHnH npelKHHe npeuCTaBlIeHHS COBeTCKoro PYKOBouCTBa 0 ena60CTH CCCP no CpaBHeHHIO C CIlIA H nOlIO)l(HlIH HaIaHO 60nee aKTHBHOMY BHeWHenOlIHTHIeCKOMY KYPshycy Ha nOMeplKKY peBOlIIO~OHHbLX uBH)l(eHHH 3a npeuenaMH CCCP KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHe BOCCTaHHS B pa3lIHlHbLX paHOHaX A3HH nOClIe n06eIJbI KOMMymtCTOB B KHTae OXBaTHlIH 3ry qaCTb CBeTa Ha lOr OT MaHbl)l(ypHH HaIaHaCh 6oPb6a B HHuoKHTae B 1947-1948 rr 6hmH nOnblTKH BOCCTaHHH B UHIJoHe3HH Ha cDHITHDDHHaX B Mananshy3HH H B HeCKonbKHX paHOHaX HHuHH 3apsu yaepeHHOCTH KOTOPblH no6eua Mao npHuana MHPOBOMY KOMMYHHCTHleCKoMYIJBH)l(eHHIO B03MOlKHO CTan OCHOBHhIM lPaKTOPOM peweHHS CTanHHa nOMepshylKaTh HanaIJeHHe CeBepHoH KOpeH Ha KOpeHCKYIO Pecny6lIHKY B Ko~e HIOHS 1950 r IIy6nHlHo o6bsBneHHhJe rocyuapCTBeHHbJM ceKpeTapeM AIecoHoM MHpoBhle 060poHHTenbHllle PY6e)I(H CIlIA He BKnIOI8lIH KopeIO 3TO nOIlTH HaaepHSKa 6bllI0 upyrHM BalKHeHUIHM lPaKTOPOM CTanHHCKoro peweHHS Tpyuuo nOBepHTh lITO KpeMITb n03BOJIHTI 6hl IIxeHbSHY aTaKOBaTh IOlKHYIO KOpeIO eenH 6hJ npeunoshylIaran MomHblH BoeHHbIH orneT CIlIA
KOpeHCKaJ[ BOHHa B ropa3uo 60nbweH CTeneHH eM rpalKshyIJaHCKaJ[ BOHHa B KHTae 6bllIa npOTHBOCTOSHHeM COBeTCKoro COlOshyla H COeIJHHeHHllLX IlITaTOB Pa3uelIeHHe KopeH caMO no ce6e 6hllI0
pe3YlIllTaTOM 6opb6hI Me)l(Ily CCCP H CIlIA 3a BlIHSHHe B MHH Cpa3y lKe noene no6eIJbJ HaIJ HnoHHeH KopeHCKaJ[ BoRHa 6blCTPO nepepoena H3 lIOKanbHoro KOHlPnHKTa no nOBOuy Toro KTO 6yueT npaBHTh 3TOH CTpaHOH B CTpaTerHIeCKOe conepHHleCTBO CBepxaepshy)I(8B BaUIHHrTOH OKa3llman nOMeplKKY pe)I(HMY JlH CbJHmiddot MaRa aBH~eH BoeHHO-MopCKHMH CHITaMH COTHSMH TaHKOB H BOHHCKHshyMH qaCTHMH KOTopllle HaClHThmaITH 60nee 200 ThIC BoeHHoen~ashymHX CCCP npeuoCTaBHIT apMHH KHM Up CeHa TaHKH BoeHHble cashyMOneThl H BoeHHhLX COBeTHHKOB IIoene MHOrOKpaTHbIxnpeuynpelKshyueHHH lITO nepeceleHHe aMepHKaHCKHMH BOHCKaMH 38-H napanneJIH BCTpeTHT conpOTHBlIeHHe B Hos6pe B BOHHy BCryDHlI IIeKHH HanshypaBHB B KopeIO COTHH ThJCSI BoeHHOcny)l(amHX CnyCTS TpH roua H DOcne rH6elIH MHlIlIHOHa CnHUlHHM IelIOBeK 6bllIO uOCTHrHYTO nepeshyMHpHe nonOlKHBwee KOHe~ BOHHe H YCTaHOBHBWee B Kopee cTaryeshyKBO 60lIee HITH MeHee aHanOrHlJHblH ee uOBoeHHOH nonHTHIeCKOH CTPYKrype KopeHCK3S BORHa 03HaMeHOBana HaIaHO HHTeHCHBHOH xonOIJHOH BOHHbl Me)l(Ily CCCP H CIlIA 6hIcTpoe H npoCToe npHMHpeHHe CTano HeB03MOlKHblM AMepHKaHcKHe o60poHHbIe paCXOIJbl BO BpeMS KopeHcKoH BOHHbI yaelIHIHlIHCll 60nee IeM B TpH pa3a H noene ee OKOHl8HHS COKpaTHlIHCb He HaMHOro lHeneHshyHOCTb BoopY)l(eHHblX CHIT CIlIA B pa3rap KOpeHCKOH BOHHbl BbIpOclIa C 146 MITH IenOBeK uo 364 MITH IelIOBeK COBeTcKHe BoopYlKeHshyHble CHITbI TaKlKe 3HaIHTelIbHO yaeJIHIHlIHCh B xoue KOpeHCKOH BOHshyHbI B03MOlKH0 Ha 3 MlIH enOBeK KopeHcKHH KOHlPnHKT 3HaIHshytelIhHO YCKOpHIT YKpeWIeHHe HATO H TaKHM 06pa30M onpeuenHIT 6yuymue OTHOWeHHS Me)l(Ily CIlIA H CCCP KaK unHTenbHbIH 3acToH B EBpone H psu nOKanbHbLX BOHH B upyrnx paHOHaX MHpa paIJH npH06peTeHHS reorpalPHIeCKoro YCHITeHHS nOJIHTHIeCKHX npeHshyMYmeCTB
K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeHshyTOB n06eIJHTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03uancs HOshyBbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COeIJHHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06shylIauaJIH suepHbJM opY)l(HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH uOCTHrrra uOBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COeIJHHeHHhle IlITaTbl npoueshyMOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBOIJHTh nOlIHTHKY cuep)I(HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTHIeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP noshyKa3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXOucmy
34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
II DEPHOll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy (1953-1964 IT)
nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3~ CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr(HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npouecc geKOnOHH3~ oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MOgtKshyHOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHDHaTHB no 06xagtKHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJHOHHblMH H8DHoHan-6YPgtKY83HblX nHpepoB Ha BnHgtKHeM BocTOKe H B 1OgtKshyHOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTOmiddot paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953middot1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03pogtKAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH eJHHoro CPpoHTa HalJHOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr(HX CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe)f(HMOM c ero peBonlOlJHOHHblMH aHm-3ashynagHblMH uenSMH
06xagtKHBaHHe MOCKBOH CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa B nocneCTanHHCo Kyro 3py HaqanOCb C Man03aMemoro gtKeCTa B HIOne 1953 r npegcTashyBurenb CCCP B 3KOHOMHqeCKOM H oolJHanbHOM OOBeTe OOH omsshyBHJI qyO CCCP BHeeeT 4 MnH py6neH B nporpaMMy TeXHHqeCKOH noshyMOIr(U P83BHB8lOIlUIMCS CTpaHaM 3TO 6bln nOBopoT B MHorOnemeH ooBeTcKoH onno3HDHH nOH nporpaMMe U cuman 0 Haqane eepbe3shyHblX yCHJIuH CCCP B TpeTbeM MHpe B aBrycre 1953 r ManeHKoB BbICK83an 6narOCKnOHHOCTb HHJHH U BHpMe B gOKnape Ha eeCCHH BepxoBHoro COBeTa B ceHTs6pe 1953 r 6hm nognuCaH nJITHJIemHii ToproBhIH goroBop C MHgueH B 1954 r ACPraHHCTaH CTan nepBOH CTpaHOH TpeTberO MHpa nonyqHBmeH noene BTOPOH MUPOBOH BOHshyHhI KpegHThI OT CCCP B cpeBpane 1955 r 6blno OmJIBneHO 0 nepshyBOM KPynHOM npoeKTe ooBeTcKoH 3KOHOMftqeCKOH nOMOIlUl OgHOH U3 H8HMeHee pa3BHTbIX CTpaH MHpa - 0 cTpOHTenbCme B Bxunau MeTannypmqeCKOrO KOM6HHaTa B HHJHH CTOHMOCTblO CBhnue 100 MnH gonnapoB B HIOHe 1955 r npeMbep-MHHHCTp I1Hguu Hepy HaHec HCTOPUqeCKHH BH3HT B CCCP CnyCTJI HeCKonhKO MecsshyueB nocnepoBana IIIHpoKO p83peKnaMHpoBaHHaJI nOe3gKa XpYmeBa
H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U ACPraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx MashyHeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me)KJJy CBepAAepgtK8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfiblbull Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AePgtKaB OKa38nOCb HeO~M 0006shyIr(eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me)KJJy HaJJHoshyHanHCmqeCKHM pe)f(HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocnoshyBaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPYgtKeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bopcma MHrmiddot15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr(HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TSgtKenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiDa H 6oenpunacbl1 3 QcpH JJHanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBIIUlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIueB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP
H3Becme 06 3TOM gOroBOpe BhI3BanO rny60Kyro 03a60qeHshyHOCTb B 3anagHblX CTOnHD8X BoeHHble nOCTaBKH 03Haqanu HOByro rOHKy BoopygtKeHHii Ha BnHgtKHeM BOCToKe H yCHnHBanH HanPSgtKeHshyHOCTb B 3TOM paiioHe - 06 3TOM npeuynpegtKganH raponbg MaKshyMHnnaH H IlgtKOH ltIloCTep llannec Ho CT8BKOH 6blno HeqyO 6onbmee qeM ooxpaHeHHe pemOH8nhHOro 6anaHca COBeTcKHH COI03 npeogoshyneB CAepgtKHBalOllUIe creHbI BargagCKOrO naKTa 06pamn nOCT8BKH opygtKHJI B 3ltlgtcpeKTHBHhIH HHCTPYMeHT nOBopOTa perHOHanbHOH HanpIDJreHHOCm B CBOIO nonb3y CeHTS6phCKoe C006Ir(eHHe BbI3Bano 3Hry3H83M p8JHKanbHbIX apa6CKHX H8DHOHanHCTOB Beero 6nHgtKHeshyBOCTOllHoro pemOHa U OTKPblnO JJIS TpeTampero MHpa anhTepHaTHBY BoeHHOH 3aBUCHMOCm OT 3anaga
XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJHOHan))HOshyoCBo60JHTenbHhIM gBHgtKeHHJIM B TpeTampeM MHpe Ha XX Cbe3pe KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHBshyIllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJHnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH noshynUTHKU bull HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocypapcma ooBMecmo C OOlJHashynHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3~ roIJI OOBeTC KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH
l1POHCXOJjJIr(uH pacnag KOnOHHanbHOH CUCTeMbl HMneshy
pHanH3Ma SBnJIeTCS BCeMHPHOUCTOpuqecKHM oo6blmeM nocneBoeHHoro nepuopa
36 37
HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MHshy
POBOH HCrOpHH KOfAa HapO)1h1 BocrOKa npHHHMaror
aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHoshy
BRTCH HOBhIM MOWHbIM ltpaKrOPOM Me)l(JJyHapOIJHbIX orshy
HoweHHHbullbullbull
Teneph HM He HKHO HATH 3a COBpeMeHHhIM o60PYAOBashy
HHeM Ha nOKJIOH K CBOHM 6hIBWHM yrHerareIDIM TaKoe
ofiopYAOBaHHe OHH Moryr nOnytIHTh B crpaH3X COUHaJIH3Ma
He paCnnaqHBaHCh 3a 3ro HHKaKHMH 06JI3areJIhCrBaMH noshy
JIHTHlIecKoro HllH BoeHHOfO xapaKrepa
CaM ltpaKr cymecrBOBaHIDl COBerCKoro COI03a H APyrHX
CTpaH cOIJHllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh
CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH
Ha YCJIOBIDlX paBHonpaBIDl H B3aHMHOH BhIrOAhl HBl1JlerCH
cephe3HOH nperpaAOH Ha nyrHKOJIOHHaJIhHOH nOJIHrHKH14
AHanofHlHhIe ofiH3areJIhCTBa B nOMepgtKKY HaUHOHaJIhHOshy
oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK
Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK)I(e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX
KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HHltPOPMarum H B
HayqHhIx pa60rax COBerCKHX aBropoB
TIoene cornaweHHH 0 BoeHHhlX nOCraBKax EmnTY BJIH)fCHHi
BocroK OKOJIO ABaJmaTH JIer ocraBanC1I neHrpoM COBerCKHX YCHshy
JIHH no corpYAHHqeCTBY C HaUHOHaJIhHO-DCBo60AHTenhHhIMH ABIDICemiddot HIDlMH B rpeTheM MHpe BeneA 3a EfHDTOM noJIYDtllH COBerCKoe
op~e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH
B HallaJIe 1956 r H B Mapre HalllJIHCh nOCraBKH opy)I(ID[ (qepe3
Emner nOCKOJIhKY CHPHH He o6naAana fpY30BhIMH nopraMH
npHrOIJHbIMH WJH nOJIyqeHIDl Boop~eHHH) AHaJIOrHlHOe corJIawemiddot
HHe fibUlO 3aKJIIOQeHO C ReMeHOM KYAa cranH AOCTaBl1JlTh opY)l(He
B oKrHfipe 1956 f lpoundexoenoBanKHe H COBerCKHe BoeHHbIe COBerHHKH
fihIJIH HallpaBJIeHhI B EfHller CHPHIO H ReMeH AJIH HHCTpYKr~ no ofiparneHHIO C cOBercKoH BoeHHoH reXHHKoH H 06yqeHHIO mUlO-
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ne6IOr MOCKBhI B POJIH nOCTaBInHKa opy)I(ID[ Ha BJIH)l(HeM
BoCToKe OTKphlJI HOByro 3PY B coBerCKoH BHewHeH nOJIHTHKe
3KCllopr BoopY)I(eHHH H3 COBercKofo COI03a H crpaH BocrOllHoH
EBPODhl noene 1955 r 3HallHTeJIhHO YBeJIHlIHllC1I TIo YTBep)l()1eHHIO
CrOKfOJIhMCKOrO Me)l()1yHapoAHOro HHCTHryra MHpHbIX HceneAOBashy
HHH
HanpaBJIeHHH COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCraBOK B CTpaHbI
rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKashy
3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperheshy
ro MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa3HallaJIHCb
HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJHllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06shy
palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa
Boop~eHHif B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh nOCJIe 1955 fl 5
B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI)l(aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM
B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY)l(eHHH BnepBhle 6hlJlH nOCTaBneHhI B AltpraHHCTaH B 1956 fB I1paK H I1H)1OHe3HIO B 1958 f B fBHHeIO B 1959 f B 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH
coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror
HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHBshy
IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 21 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB
Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO
K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
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HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK
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mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
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B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
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38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
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C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
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CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
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COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
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HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
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BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
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a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero
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MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
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40 41
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KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
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yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
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XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
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42 43
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rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
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lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
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nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
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apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
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meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
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nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
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45
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BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
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K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
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aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
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B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
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H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
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peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
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He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
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BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
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BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
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C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
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peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
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no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
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OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
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npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
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B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
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H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
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no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
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pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
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54 55
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56 57
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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32 33
TeppHTopHH CTpaHlll K KOHUY 1949 r CoBeTcKoe ytmCTHe B rpa)l(shyuaHCKOH BOHHe B KHTae 61111I0 BeCllMa OCTOPO)l(HllIM H TaHHllIM H CKopee Bcero He OHO 6bllI0 peW3IOllUIM lPaKTOPOM B Hcxoue BOHHbl COBeTCKaJ[ apMHH npH 3BaKY~ H3 MaHlllDKYpHH nepeuana KHTaHCKHM KOMMYHHCTaM 60nbwHe 3anaCbI TpOlPeHHOrO snOHCKOshyro opY)I(HS lITO n03BOJIHTI0 HM 3aHSTh BblrouuyIO CTpaTernleCKYIO n03HWfIO Ha nOH TeppHTOpHH TeM He MeHee MocKBa npouonXltllJla npH3HaBaTb H~OHanHCTHIeCKoe npaBHTenbCTBO KHTaJ[ ualKe cnyeshyTS HecKonbKo Mecs~eB noene Toro KaK HeH36elKHOCTb ero nop8)l(eshyHHS CTana OleBHJlIOH H HHblMH cnoco6aMH IJeMOHCTpHpoBana HeshylKenaHHe aKTHBHO nOMeplKHBaTh Mao U3eAYHa 1 2 IIpHlHHllI 3TOH OCTOPOlKHOCTH CTanHHa He COBceM nOHSTHbl
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34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
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36 37
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rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKashy
3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperheshy
ro MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa3HallaJIHCb
HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJHllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06shy
palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa
Boop~eHHif B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh nOCJIe 1955 fl 5
B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI)l(aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM
B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY)l(eHHH BnepBhle 6hlJlH nOCTaBneHhI B AltpraHHCTaH B 1956 fB I1paK H I1H)1OHe3HIO B 1958 f B fBHHeIO B 1959 f B 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH
coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror
HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHBshy
IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 21 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB
Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO
K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
HeKoMMYHHCTHqeCKHM rOCY)1apCTBaM Korophle 3aHHMaJIH HHlITO)l(shy
HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK
AO 1955 f TIPH XpymeBe CCCP HallaJI yrBep)l(AaTlgt CBoe BJIHJlHHe B peshy
mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
HHCTHqeCKHX pe)I(HMOB O)1HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH
B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
CTpaHaM nOCJIY)I(HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA
CY3nKOH BOOOH (OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f) OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH
nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
TOllHO TaK )l(e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP
HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO
BpeM1l nOfpaHHlHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me)l()1y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B
38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
KOBoro op)KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO
MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
BeHHylO POJIb
CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIlb H3 Bcex
CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme (HOBaR fBHHeH) (1961-1962 IT) H B
KaMnaHHH nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe fpoMH ManaibHlO (1963shy1965 IT) llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb
COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an HeynOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb
nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBashy
JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero
npeeMHHK HeMerrneHHO BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npenCT3BHTeJIeH H3
KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AaJI MocKBe B03shy
MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
HalOIlHHCH ypoK
COBeTCKoe yqacme B r~CKoH BoiIHe B Jlaoce B 1960shy1961 rr TO)Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIlb oooe
AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
Jlao orpaHHIHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP)KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO
MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep)KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH
ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
Han 80 TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB
neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiIHO BbIrOAHblMH nnH MOCKBbI Coeshy
AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIlb laquoIlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHYshy
AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCTshy
Ba BnocnenCTBHH )l(eHeBCKHH noroBop nOnnHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe
1962 r rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca
3HaquTeJIbHO 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p)KIDI CTpaHaM
TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepIHYT HM8M AxMen
YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY
nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO)KllHshy
MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH
XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
Qepe3 Kaup
Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA
MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiIH H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb
Me)KDy CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe)KHshy
BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3KcueHTpHllHaR yrPO)K8mshy
maR MaHepa nOBeneHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO BnellameHHe
40 41
H 3aIIaA (TaK)I(e KaK H BoCTOK) HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI1leHHe
KOrAll XpyweB 6bDI CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM )JOBOJIbHO yHbDIO
BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
Hhle 1j0PMhl lleM B nocne)JOBaBlllHe ro)Jbl llpH XpyweBe CCCP
erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
l3II BbIrO)JHhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPYKeHHil )JJIII
BHymHTeJIbHOH )JeMOHCTpaIJHH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6eJKaMH CTpaHhl
COBeTCKoe PYKOBO)JCTBO OqeBH)JHO OC03HaJIO He06xO)JHMoCTh
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aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
BaulHHTTOH
TOMac Booamplaquop OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06peshy
TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqashy
ny 1960-x rO)JOB
JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn) )JeCIITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHHII
XpyweBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo)JHMOCTb B 60JIee nO)JBH)I(shy
HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK )JJIJI ymep)f()JeHHII COBeTCKoro
npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H )JllII B03MOJKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HHII
B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
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HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI)JePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne
KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyweshy
Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJIshy
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1962 r (200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75)
m nEPUOll 3apo)I()JeHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA )JOKTpHHLl
(196S-1972rr)
llPHXO)J K BJIaCTH BpeJKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r
nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO)JCTBa npoIIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOCshy
TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
MlIP)Jmiddot )JOJIJIapoBj erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opYJKHe H3
COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
HHrepHII KHop H Yr3HAl He60JIblllHe nO)l(epTBOB3HHII nOJIYTBlJIH
TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
Tax Ha npoTJIJKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no
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MOPCKHX H B03)JyWHhIX )JOCTaBOK H )J06WICII nporpecca B pa3Mepax
H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y)JapHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH IjJIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H
paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
MOJKHOCTJlX )JeMOHCTp3[(HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTashy
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lHaqeHHII )JJIII o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO)J ITO OHH
6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
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42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
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IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
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1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
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COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll)KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO
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COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
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CCCP ltpaKTOPOM AJlI BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOHltpJIHIltT B POJIH nOCTaBshy
IUHKa opY)KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO )Ke
BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
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HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
HallanO 3TOMY pa30llapoBaHHlO Be MOJKHO OTHeCTH ygtKe K tJeTBepTOH
cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
HlpaH1IbCKHX KOHCPnHKTOB 3TO yqacTHe HHKorDa npegtKIJe He 6hlshy
no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
TorDa snepBhle COBeTCKHH COlO3 ocyrneCTBun MaCCOBhle H Henpeshy
pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
rpY30BbIX asuapeHCOB H OInpasneHo 30 COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX cyshylJOB TaK lITO apa6hl B xolJe 3Toro KOHCPnHKTa nonYIJHnH npHMepHO
100 ThlC T BOOPYgtKeHHH 3TH COBeTCKHe nOCTaBKH 3HaCfHTenbHO
npeBblWaJIH Bee DpeDWeCTBOBaBllDIe B TpeTHH MHP HeT HCTOPHshy
tJeCKHX napanneneH H CTeneHH BOBnetJeHHOCTH B lTy BOHHy COBeTCshy
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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32 33
TeppHTopHH CTpaHlll K KOHUY 1949 r CoBeTcKoe ytmCTHe B rpa)l(shyuaHCKOH BOHHe B KHTae 61111I0 BeCllMa OCTOPO)l(HllIM H TaHHllIM H CKopee Bcero He OHO 6bllI0 peW3IOllUIM lPaKTOPOM B Hcxoue BOHHbl COBeTCKaJ[ apMHH npH 3BaKY~ H3 MaHlllDKYpHH nepeuana KHTaHCKHM KOMMYHHCTaM 60nbwHe 3anaCbI TpOlPeHHOrO snOHCKOshyro opY)I(HS lITO n03BOJIHTI0 HM 3aHSTh BblrouuyIO CTpaTernleCKYIO n03HWfIO Ha nOH TeppHTOpHH TeM He MeHee MocKBa npouonXltllJla npH3HaBaTb H~OHanHCTHIeCKoe npaBHTenbCTBO KHTaJ[ ualKe cnyeshyTS HecKonbKo Mecs~eB noene Toro KaK HeH36elKHOCTb ero nop8)l(eshyHHS CTana OleBHJlIOH H HHblMH cnoco6aMH IJeMOHCTpHpoBana HeshylKenaHHe aKTHBHO nOMeplKHBaTh Mao U3eAYHa 1 2 IIpHlHHllI 3TOH OCTOPOlKHOCTH CTanHHa He COBceM nOHSTHbl
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K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeHshyTOB n06eIJHTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03uancs HOshyBbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COeIJHHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06shylIauaJIH suepHbJM opY)l(HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH uOCTHrrra uOBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COeIJHHeHHhle IlITaTbl npoueshyMOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBOIJHTh nOlIHTHKY cuep)I(HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTHIeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP noshyKa3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXOucmy
34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
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H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U ACPraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx MashyHeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me)KJJy CBepAAepgtK8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfiblbull Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AePgtKaB OKa38nOCb HeO~M 0006shyIr(eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me)KJJy HaJJHoshyHanHCmqeCKHM pe)f(HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocnoshyBaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPYgtKeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bopcma MHrmiddot15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr(HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TSgtKenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiDa H 6oenpunacbl1 3 QcpH JJHanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBIIUlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIueB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP
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36 37
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rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKashy
3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperheshy
ro MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa3HallaJIHCb
HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJHllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06shy
palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa
Boop~eHHif B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh nOCJIe 1955 fl 5
B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI)l(aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM
B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY)l(eHHH BnepBhle 6hlJlH nOCTaBneHhI B AltpraHHCTaH B 1956 fB I1paK H I1H)1OHe3HIO B 1958 f B fBHHeIO B 1959 f B 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH
coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror
HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHBshy
IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 21 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB
Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO
K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
HeKoMMYHHCTHqeCKHM rOCY)1apCTBaM Korophle 3aHHMaJIH HHlITO)l(shy
HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK
AO 1955 f TIPH XpymeBe CCCP HallaJI yrBep)l(AaTlgt CBoe BJIHJlHHe B peshy
mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
HHCTHqeCKHX pe)I(HMOB O)1HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH
B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
CTpaHaM nOCJIY)I(HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA
CY3nKOH BOOOH (OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f) OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH
nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
TOllHO TaK )l(e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP
HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO
BpeM1l nOfpaHHlHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me)l()1y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B
38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
KOBoro op)KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO
MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
BeHHylO POJIb
CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIlb H3 Bcex
CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme (HOBaR fBHHeH) (1961-1962 IT) H B
KaMnaHHH nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe fpoMH ManaibHlO (1963shy1965 IT) llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb
COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an HeynOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb
nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBashy
JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero
npeeMHHK HeMerrneHHO BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npenCT3BHTeJIeH H3
KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AaJI MocKBe B03shy
MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
HalOIlHHCH ypoK
COBeTCKoe yqacme B r~CKoH BoiIHe B Jlaoce B 1960shy1961 rr TO)Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIlb oooe
AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
Jlao orpaHHIHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP)KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO
MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep)KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH
ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
Han 80 TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB
neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiIHO BbIrOAHblMH nnH MOCKBbI Coeshy
AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIlb laquoIlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHYshy
AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCTshy
Ba BnocnenCTBHH )l(eHeBCKHH noroBop nOnnHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe
1962 r rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca
3HaquTeJIbHO 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p)KIDI CTpaHaM
TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepIHYT HM8M AxMen
YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY
nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO)KllHshy
MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH
XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
Qepe3 Kaup
Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA
MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiIH H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb
Me)KDy CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe)KHshy
BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3KcueHTpHllHaR yrPO)K8mshy
maR MaHepa nOBeneHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO BnellameHHe
40 41
H 3aIIaA (TaK)I(e KaK H BoCTOK) HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI1leHHe
KOrAll XpyweB 6bDI CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM )JOBOJIbHO yHbDIO
BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
Hhle 1j0PMhl lleM B nocne)JOBaBlllHe ro)Jbl llpH XpyweBe CCCP
erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
l3II BbIrO)JHhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPYKeHHil )JJIII
BHymHTeJIbHOH )JeMOHCTpaIJHH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6eJKaMH CTpaHhl
COBeTCKoe PYKOBO)JCTBO OqeBH)JHO OC03HaJIO He06xO)JHMoCTh
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aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
BaulHHTTOH
TOMac Booamplaquop OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06peshy
TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqashy
ny 1960-x rO)JOB
JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn) )JeCIITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHHII
XpyweBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo)JHMOCTb B 60JIee nO)JBH)I(shy
HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK )JJIJI ymep)f()JeHHII COBeTCKoro
npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H )JllII B03MOJKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HHII
B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
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HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI)JePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne
KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyweshy
Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJIshy
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1962 r (200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75)
m nEPUOll 3apo)I()JeHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA )JOKTpHHLl
(196S-1972rr)
llPHXO)J K BJIaCTH BpeJKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r
nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO)JCTBa npoIIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOCshy
TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
MlIP)Jmiddot )JOJIJIapoBj erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opYJKHe H3
COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
HHrepHII KHop H Yr3HAl He60JIblllHe nO)l(epTBOB3HHII nOJIYTBlJIH
TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
Tax Ha npoTJIJKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no
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MOPCKHX H B03)JyWHhIX )JOCTaBOK H )J06WICII nporpecca B pa3Mepax
H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y)JapHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH IjJIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H
paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
MOJKHOCTJlX )JeMOHCTp3[(HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTashy
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lHaqeHHII )JJIII o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO)J ITO OHH
6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
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42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
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IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
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1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
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COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll)KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO
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COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
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CCCP ltpaKTOPOM AJlI BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOHltpJIHIltT B POJIH nOCTaBshy
IUHKa opY)KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO )Ke
BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
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HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
HallanO 3TOMY pa30llapoBaHHlO Be MOJKHO OTHeCTH ygtKe K tJeTBepTOH
cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
HlpaH1IbCKHX KOHCPnHKTOB 3TO yqacTHe HHKorDa npegtKIJe He 6hlshy
no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
TorDa snepBhle COBeTCKHH COlO3 ocyrneCTBun MaCCOBhle H Henpeshy
pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
rpY30BbIX asuapeHCOB H OInpasneHo 30 COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX cyshylJOB TaK lITO apa6hl B xolJe 3Toro KOHCPnHKTa nonYIJHnH npHMepHO
100 ThlC T BOOPYgtKeHHH 3TH COBeTCKHe nOCTaBKH 3HaCfHTenbHO
npeBblWaJIH Bee DpeDWeCTBOBaBllDIe B TpeTHH MHP HeT HCTOPHshy
tJeCKHX napanneneH H CTeneHH BOBnetJeHHOCTH B lTy BOHHy COBeTCshy
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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IIo6eua KHTaHcKHX KOMMYHHCTOB H ycneWHoe YKpeWIeHHe coBeTcKoH rereMOHHH B BoCTOIHOH EBpone 003 COMHeHHS 6bmH uns CTanHHa Hero Konner CTHMYnOM K nepeCMOTpy BHeWHeH nonHshyTHKH KaK H nepBbIH COBeTCKHH HcnbITaTenbHblH suepHbIH B3pbm B aBrycTe 1949 r 3TH C06b1THS H3MeHHnH npelKHHe npeuCTaBlIeHHS COBeTCKoro PYKOBouCTBa 0 ena60CTH CCCP no CpaBHeHHIO C CIlIA H nOlIO)l(HlIH HaIaHO 60nee aKTHBHOMY BHeWHenOlIHTHIeCKOMY KYPshycy Ha nOMeplKKY peBOlIIO~OHHbLX uBH)l(eHHH 3a npeuenaMH CCCP KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHe BOCCTaHHS B pa3lIHlHbLX paHOHaX A3HH nOClIe n06eIJbI KOMMymtCTOB B KHTae OXBaTHlIH 3ry qaCTb CBeTa Ha lOr OT MaHbl)l(ypHH HaIaHaCh 6oPb6a B HHuoKHTae B 1947-1948 rr 6hmH nOnblTKH BOCCTaHHH B UHIJoHe3HH Ha cDHITHDDHHaX B Mananshy3HH H B HeCKonbKHX paHOHaX HHuHH 3apsu yaepeHHOCTH KOTOPblH no6eua Mao npHuana MHPOBOMY KOMMYHHCTHleCKoMYIJBH)l(eHHIO B03MOlKHO CTan OCHOBHhIM lPaKTOPOM peweHHS CTanHHa nOMepshylKaTh HanaIJeHHe CeBepHoH KOpeH Ha KOpeHCKYIO Pecny6lIHKY B Ko~e HIOHS 1950 r IIy6nHlHo o6bsBneHHhJe rocyuapCTBeHHbJM ceKpeTapeM AIecoHoM MHpoBhle 060poHHTenbHllle PY6e)I(H CIlIA He BKnIOI8lIH KopeIO 3TO nOIlTH HaaepHSKa 6bllI0 upyrHM BalKHeHUIHM lPaKTOPOM CTanHHCKoro peweHHS Tpyuuo nOBepHTh lITO KpeMITb n03BOJIHTI 6hl IIxeHbSHY aTaKOBaTh IOlKHYIO KOpeIO eenH 6hJ npeunoshylIaran MomHblH BoeHHbIH orneT CIlIA
KOpeHCKaJ[ BOHHa B ropa3uo 60nbweH CTeneHH eM rpalKshyIJaHCKaJ[ BOHHa B KHTae 6bllIa npOTHBOCTOSHHeM COBeTCKoro COlOshyla H COeIJHHeHHllLX IlITaTOB Pa3uelIeHHe KopeH caMO no ce6e 6hllI0
pe3YlIllTaTOM 6opb6hI Me)l(Ily CCCP H CIlIA 3a BlIHSHHe B MHH Cpa3y lKe noene no6eIJbJ HaIJ HnoHHeH KopeHCKaJ[ BoRHa 6blCTPO nepepoena H3 lIOKanbHoro KOHlPnHKTa no nOBOuy Toro KTO 6yueT npaBHTh 3TOH CTpaHOH B CTpaTerHIeCKOe conepHHleCTBO CBepxaepshy)I(8B BaUIHHrTOH OKa3llman nOMeplKKY pe)I(HMY JlH CbJHmiddot MaRa aBH~eH BoeHHO-MopCKHMH CHITaMH COTHSMH TaHKOB H BOHHCKHshyMH qaCTHMH KOTopllle HaClHThmaITH 60nee 200 ThIC BoeHHoen~ashymHX CCCP npeuoCTaBHIT apMHH KHM Up CeHa TaHKH BoeHHble cashyMOneThl H BoeHHhLX COBeTHHKOB IIoene MHOrOKpaTHbIxnpeuynpelKshyueHHH lITO nepeceleHHe aMepHKaHCKHMH BOHCKaMH 38-H napanneJIH BCTpeTHT conpOTHBlIeHHe B Hos6pe B BOHHy BCryDHlI IIeKHH HanshypaBHB B KopeIO COTHH ThJCSI BoeHHOcny)l(amHX CnyCTS TpH roua H DOcne rH6elIH MHlIlIHOHa CnHUlHHM IelIOBeK 6bllIO uOCTHrHYTO nepeshyMHpHe nonOlKHBwee KOHe~ BOHHe H YCTaHOBHBWee B Kopee cTaryeshyKBO 60lIee HITH MeHee aHanOrHlJHblH ee uOBoeHHOH nonHTHIeCKOH CTPYKrype KopeHCK3S BORHa 03HaMeHOBana HaIaHO HHTeHCHBHOH xonOIJHOH BOHHbl Me)l(Ily CCCP H CIlIA 6hIcTpoe H npoCToe npHMHpeHHe CTano HeB03MOlKHblM AMepHKaHcKHe o60poHHbIe paCXOIJbl BO BpeMS KopeHcKoH BOHHbI yaelIHIHlIHCll 60nee IeM B TpH pa3a H noene ee OKOHl8HHS COKpaTHlIHCb He HaMHOro lHeneHshyHOCTb BoopY)l(eHHblX CHIT CIlIA B pa3rap KOpeHCKOH BOHHbl BbIpOclIa C 146 MITH IenOBeK uo 364 MITH IelIOBeK COBeTcKHe BoopYlKeHshyHble CHITbI TaKlKe 3HaIHTelIbHO yaeJIHIHlIHCh B xoue KOpeHCKOH BOHshyHbI B03MOlKH0 Ha 3 MlIH enOBeK KopeHcKHH KOHlPnHKT 3HaIHshytelIhHO YCKOpHIT YKpeWIeHHe HATO H TaKHM 06pa30M onpeuenHIT 6yuymue OTHOWeHHS Me)l(Ily CIlIA H CCCP KaK unHTenbHbIH 3acToH B EBpone H psu nOKanbHbLX BOHH B upyrnx paHOHaX MHpa paIJH npH06peTeHHS reorpalPHIeCKoro YCHITeHHS nOJIHTHIeCKHX npeHshyMYmeCTB
K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeHshyTOB n06eIJHTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03uancs HOshyBbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COeIJHHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06shylIauaJIH suepHbJM opY)l(HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH uOCTHrrra uOBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COeIJHHeHHhle IlITaTbl npoueshyMOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBOIJHTh nOlIHTHKY cuep)I(HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTHIeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP noshyKa3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXOucmy
34 35
CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCOshy6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe)f(HshyMaMB
II DEPHOll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy (1953-1964 IT)
nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3~ CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr(HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npouecc geKOnOHH3~ oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MOgtKshyHOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHDHaTHB no 06xagtKHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJHOHHblMH H8DHoHan-6YPgtKY83HblX nHpepoB Ha BnHgtKHeM BocTOKe H B 1OgtKshyHOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTOmiddot paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953middot1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03pogtKAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH eJHHoro CPpoHTa HalJHOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr(HX CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe)f(HMOM c ero peBonlOlJHOHHblMH aHm-3ashynagHblMH uenSMH
06xagtKHBaHHe MOCKBOH CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa B nocneCTanHHCo Kyro 3py HaqanOCb C Man03aMemoro gtKeCTa B HIOne 1953 r npegcTashyBurenb CCCP B 3KOHOMHqeCKOM H oolJHanbHOM OOBeTe OOH omsshyBHJI qyO CCCP BHeeeT 4 MnH py6neH B nporpaMMy TeXHHqeCKOH noshyMOIr(U P83BHB8lOIlUIMCS CTpaHaM 3TO 6bln nOBopoT B MHorOnemeH ooBeTcKoH onno3HDHH nOH nporpaMMe U cuman 0 Haqane eepbe3shyHblX yCHJIuH CCCP B TpeTbeM MHpe B aBrycre 1953 r ManeHKoB BbICK83an 6narOCKnOHHOCTb HHJHH U BHpMe B gOKnape Ha eeCCHH BepxoBHoro COBeTa B ceHTs6pe 1953 r 6hm nognuCaH nJITHJIemHii ToproBhIH goroBop C MHgueH B 1954 r ACPraHHCTaH CTan nepBOH CTpaHOH TpeTberO MHpa nonyqHBmeH noene BTOPOH MUPOBOH BOHshyHhI KpegHThI OT CCCP B cpeBpane 1955 r 6blno OmJIBneHO 0 nepshyBOM KPynHOM npoeKTe ooBeTcKoH 3KOHOMftqeCKOH nOMOIlUl OgHOH U3 H8HMeHee pa3BHTbIX CTpaH MHpa - 0 cTpOHTenbCme B Bxunau MeTannypmqeCKOrO KOM6HHaTa B HHJHH CTOHMOCTblO CBhnue 100 MnH gonnapoB B HIOHe 1955 r npeMbep-MHHHCTp I1Hguu Hepy HaHec HCTOPUqeCKHH BH3HT B CCCP CnyCTJI HeCKonhKO MecsshyueB nocnepoBana IIIHpoKO p83peKnaMHpoBaHHaJI nOe3gKa XpYmeBa
H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U ACPraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx MashyHeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me)KJJy CBepAAepgtK8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfiblbull Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AePgtKaB OKa38nOCb HeO~M 0006shyIr(eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me)KJJy HaJJHoshyHanHCmqeCKHM pe)f(HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocnoshyBaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPYgtKeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bopcma MHrmiddot15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr(HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TSgtKenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiDa H 6oenpunacbl1 3 QcpH JJHanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBIIUlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIueB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP
H3Becme 06 3TOM gOroBOpe BhI3BanO rny60Kyro 03a60qeHshyHOCTb B 3anagHblX CTOnHD8X BoeHHble nOCTaBKH 03Haqanu HOByro rOHKy BoopygtKeHHii Ha BnHgtKHeM BOCToKe H yCHnHBanH HanPSgtKeHshyHOCTb B 3TOM paiioHe - 06 3TOM npeuynpegtKganH raponbg MaKshyMHnnaH H IlgtKOH ltIloCTep llannec Ho CT8BKOH 6blno HeqyO 6onbmee qeM ooxpaHeHHe pemOH8nhHOro 6anaHca COBeTcKHH COI03 npeogoshyneB CAepgtKHBalOllUIe creHbI BargagCKOrO naKTa 06pamn nOCT8BKH opygtKHJI B 3ltlgtcpeKTHBHhIH HHCTPYMeHT nOBopOTa perHOHanbHOH HanpIDJreHHOCm B CBOIO nonb3y CeHTS6phCKoe C006Ir(eHHe BbI3Bano 3Hry3H83M p8JHKanbHbIX apa6CKHX H8DHOHanHCTOB Beero 6nHgtKHeshyBOCTOllHoro pemOHa U OTKPblnO JJIS TpeTampero MHpa anhTepHaTHBY BoeHHOH 3aBUCHMOCm OT 3anaga
XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJHOHan))HOshyoCBo60JHTenbHhIM gBHgtKeHHJIM B TpeTampeM MHpe Ha XX Cbe3pe KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHBshyIllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJHnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH noshynUTHKU bull HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocypapcma ooBMecmo C OOlJHashynHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3~ roIJI OOBeTC KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH
l1POHCXOJjJIr(uH pacnag KOnOHHanbHOH CUCTeMbl HMneshy
pHanH3Ma SBnJIeTCS BCeMHPHOUCTOpuqecKHM oo6blmeM nocneBoeHHoro nepuopa
36 37
HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MHshy
POBOH HCrOpHH KOfAa HapO)1h1 BocrOKa npHHHMaror
aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHoshy
BRTCH HOBhIM MOWHbIM ltpaKrOPOM Me)l(JJyHapOIJHbIX orshy
HoweHHHbullbullbull
Teneph HM He HKHO HATH 3a COBpeMeHHhIM o60PYAOBashy
HHeM Ha nOKJIOH K CBOHM 6hIBWHM yrHerareIDIM TaKoe
ofiopYAOBaHHe OHH Moryr nOnytIHTh B crpaH3X COUHaJIH3Ma
He paCnnaqHBaHCh 3a 3ro HHKaKHMH 06JI3areJIhCrBaMH noshy
JIHTHlIecKoro HllH BoeHHOfO xapaKrepa
CaM ltpaKr cymecrBOBaHIDl COBerCKoro COI03a H APyrHX
CTpaH cOIJHllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh
CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH
Ha YCJIOBIDlX paBHonpaBIDl H B3aHMHOH BhIrOAhl HBl1JlerCH
cephe3HOH nperpaAOH Ha nyrHKOJIOHHaJIhHOH nOJIHrHKH14
AHanofHlHhIe ofiH3areJIhCTBa B nOMepgtKKY HaUHOHaJIhHOshy
oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK
Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK)I(e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX
KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HHltPOPMarum H B
HayqHhIx pa60rax COBerCKHX aBropoB
TIoene cornaweHHH 0 BoeHHhlX nOCraBKax EmnTY BJIH)fCHHi
BocroK OKOJIO ABaJmaTH JIer ocraBanC1I neHrpoM COBerCKHX YCHshy
JIHH no corpYAHHqeCTBY C HaUHOHaJIhHO-DCBo60AHTenhHhIMH ABIDICemiddot HIDlMH B rpeTheM MHpe BeneA 3a EfHDTOM noJIYDtllH COBerCKoe
op~e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH
B HallaJIe 1956 r H B Mapre HalllJIHCh nOCraBKH opy)I(ID[ (qepe3
Emner nOCKOJIhKY CHPHH He o6naAana fpY30BhIMH nopraMH
npHrOIJHbIMH WJH nOJIyqeHIDl Boop~eHHH) AHaJIOrHlHOe corJIawemiddot
HHe fibUlO 3aKJIIOQeHO C ReMeHOM KYAa cranH AOCTaBl1JlTh opY)l(He
B oKrHfipe 1956 f lpoundexoenoBanKHe H COBerCKHe BoeHHbIe COBerHHKH
fihIJIH HallpaBJIeHhI B EfHller CHPHIO H ReMeH AJIH HHCTpYKr~ no ofiparneHHIO C cOBercKoH BoeHHoH reXHHKoH H 06yqeHHIO mUlO-
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ne6IOr MOCKBhI B POJIH nOCTaBInHKa opy)I(ID[ Ha BJIH)l(HeM
BoCToKe OTKphlJI HOByro 3PY B coBerCKoH BHewHeH nOJIHTHKe
3KCllopr BoopY)I(eHHH H3 COBercKofo COI03a H crpaH BocrOllHoH
EBPODhl noene 1955 r 3HallHTeJIhHO YBeJIHlIHllC1I TIo YTBep)l()1eHHIO
CrOKfOJIhMCKOrO Me)l()1yHapoAHOro HHCTHryra MHpHbIX HceneAOBashy
HHH
HanpaBJIeHHH COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCraBOK B CTpaHbI
rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKashy
3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperheshy
ro MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa3HallaJIHCb
HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJHllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06shy
palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa
Boop~eHHif B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh nOCJIe 1955 fl 5
B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI)l(aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM
B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY)l(eHHH BnepBhle 6hlJlH nOCTaBneHhI B AltpraHHCTaH B 1956 fB I1paK H I1H)1OHe3HIO B 1958 f B fBHHeIO B 1959 f B 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH
coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror
HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHBshy
IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 21 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB
Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO
K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
HeKoMMYHHCTHqeCKHM rOCY)1apCTBaM Korophle 3aHHMaJIH HHlITO)l(shy
HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK
AO 1955 f TIPH XpymeBe CCCP HallaJI yrBep)l(AaTlgt CBoe BJIHJlHHe B peshy
mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
HHCTHqeCKHX pe)I(HMOB O)1HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH
B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
CTpaHaM nOCJIY)I(HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA
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nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
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38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
KOBoro op)KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO
MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
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CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
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COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an HeynOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb
nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBashy
JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
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MO)KHOCTb BnepDbIe nponeMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapcshy
KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
HalOIlHHCH ypoK
COBeTCKoe yqacme B r~CKoH BoiIHe B Jlaoce B 1960shy1961 rr TO)Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIlb oooe
AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
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MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep)KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH
ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
Han 80 TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB
neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
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TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepIHYT HM8M AxMen
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nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
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MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH
XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIlecTBJlHJIaCb
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maR MaHepa nOBeneHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO BnellameHHe
40 41
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BblrnsneBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O)JHaKO OKa3aJIOCb ITO COBeTCKaJI
BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
Hhle 1j0PMhl lleM B nocne)JOBaBlllHe ro)Jbl llpH XpyweBe CCCP
erne He o6naAan )JOCTaTOlHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO)I(HOCTJlMH BKJllOshy
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aapo)JHoro BJIHIIHHII cpaBHHMoro C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI
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ny 1960-x rO)JOB
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npHcyrCTBHII B OT)J3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO
COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H )JllII B03MOJKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HHII
B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He[(eshy
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HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO)Jbl JlHWlgt K
KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
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KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyweshy
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(196S-1972rr)
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nOXO)l(e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH ljalbI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro
yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
paHHbIM 33IIBJIeHHeM nO)JTBep)I()J3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO)J)Jep)I(Ky B
Ha[(HOHanbHO-OCB060)JHTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHCshy
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TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM peJKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO
aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
opYfCHII B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 65
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COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
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TaK)I(e MaBPHTaHHII H Hapo)JHaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro19 HOBhle
COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
)JJIJI npH06peTeHHII nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIHIfHHII B TpeTbeM MHpe
MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIjJIHKshy
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H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y)JapHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH IjJIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H
paCIlIHpWI reorpaljuqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJHH~ XOTJI B B03shy
MOJKHOCTJlX )JeMOHCTp3[(HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTashy
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COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIjJIHKTOB B reorpaljHIeCKH
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3H3TB1reJILHaJI qaCTb BHOBb C03)J3HHhIX CWI He HMeJIa cyweCTBeHHoro
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6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
)J06WICJI cywecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHII MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA
42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
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CBepXAep)KaBhl CTOJIlUeH Ha OAHOM ypOBHe C CoeAHHeHHhlMH
IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
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npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle IltapaTeJIbHble MephI
1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
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COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
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ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
MYHHCTHlJeCIltHX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHHshy
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BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
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HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
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1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
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paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
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nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
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Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
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IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
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B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
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gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
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K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
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aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
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B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
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repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
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n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
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peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
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OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
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yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
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BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
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B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
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BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
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4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
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XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
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peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
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BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
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C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
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no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
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OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
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B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
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H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
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no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
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54 55
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56 57
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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Ha YCJIOBIDlX paBHonpaBIDl H B3aHMHOH BhIrOAhl HBl1JlerCH
cephe3HOH nperpaAOH Ha nyrHKOJIOHHaJIhHOH nOJIHrHKH14
AHanofHlHhIe ofiH3areJIhCTBa B nOMepgtKKY HaUHOHaJIhHOshy
oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK
Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK)I(e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX
KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HHltPOPMarum H B
HayqHhIx pa60rax COBerCKHX aBropoB
TIoene cornaweHHH 0 BoeHHhlX nOCraBKax EmnTY BJIH)fCHHi
BocroK OKOJIO ABaJmaTH JIer ocraBanC1I neHrpoM COBerCKHX YCHshy
JIHH no corpYAHHqeCTBY C HaUHOHaJIhHO-DCBo60AHTenhHhIMH ABIDICemiddot HIDlMH B rpeTheM MHpe BeneA 3a EfHDTOM noJIYDtllH COBerCKoe
op~e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH
B HallaJIe 1956 r H B Mapre HalllJIHCh nOCraBKH opy)I(ID[ (qepe3
Emner nOCKOJIhKY CHPHH He o6naAana fpY30BhIMH nopraMH
npHrOIJHbIMH WJH nOJIyqeHIDl Boop~eHHH) AHaJIOrHlHOe corJIawemiddot
HHe fibUlO 3aKJIIOQeHO C ReMeHOM KYAa cranH AOCTaBl1JlTh opY)l(He
B oKrHfipe 1956 f lpoundexoenoBanKHe H COBerCKHe BoeHHbIe COBerHHKH
fihIJIH HallpaBJIeHhI B EfHller CHPHIO H ReMeH AJIH HHCTpYKr~ no ofiparneHHIO C cOBercKoH BoeHHoH reXHHKoH H 06yqeHHIO mUlO-
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ne6IOr MOCKBhI B POJIH nOCTaBInHKa opy)I(ID[ Ha BJIH)l(HeM
BoCToKe OTKphlJI HOByro 3PY B coBerCKoH BHewHeH nOJIHTHKe
3KCllopr BoopY)I(eHHH H3 COBercKofo COI03a H crpaH BocrOllHoH
EBPODhl noene 1955 r 3HallHTeJIhHO YBeJIHlIHllC1I TIo YTBep)l()1eHHIO
CrOKfOJIhMCKOrO Me)l()1yHapoAHOro HHCTHryra MHpHbIX HceneAOBashy
HHH
HanpaBJIeHHH COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCraBOK B CTpaHbI
rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKashy
3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperheshy
ro MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa3HallaJIHCb
HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJHllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06shy
palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa
Boop~eHHif B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh nOCJIe 1955 fl 5
B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI)l(aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM
B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY)l(eHHH BnepBhle 6hlJlH nOCTaBneHhI B AltpraHHCTaH B 1956 fB I1paK H I1H)1OHe3HIO B 1958 f B fBHHeIO B 1959 f B 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH
coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror
HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHBshy
IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 21 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB
Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO
K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono 80 COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb
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HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK
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mOHanhHbIx KOHltpJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH
3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMYshy
HHCTHqeCKHX pe)I(HMOB O)1HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH
B KOHltpJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA
OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb
rOJIlgtKO COBerCKoe opy)l(He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIlgt3yeMoe
B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM
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nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJIIgt30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl
TOllHO TaK )l(e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP
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38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
(H3 HHX 5 JIeT3JIH non cpJIarOM OOH) a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJIshy
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MMfoB AJI)KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHmJ
C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM
6bICTPO rrnH Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY)KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCTshy
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CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIYIH1Ia
HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
60JIee qeM Ha 1 MJlPn nOJIJIapoB 3TO Boop~eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb
IJJIH no~p)KKH CYKapHO B TpeX KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha
CYMaTpe (1958-1960 rr) B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYTshy
CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme (HOBaR fBHHeH) (1961-1962 IT) H B
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COBeTCKHX BoopY)KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX neHCTBHHX
BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHKshy
TOB - 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op~eM KOTOPblM
CYKapHO Y)Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO
HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIbshy
KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX neCaHTHblX OTPHAOB
B 1960middot1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOHshy
CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu
B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe
3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO nOCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOHshy
cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
)KHJIa nOMep)KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbnshy
BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH)I(eHWI B KaTaHre
COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rHnoH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMOshy
mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro
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JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM neJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIlb or~anacb
rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY)KHH
a TaK)Ke npenOCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap
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KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMHshy
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AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH laquoIlyMOH H llaTeT
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MHJIJIHOHOB nOJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO)KH0 H8H60JIee
ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu
npennpHHHTaH npH XpYIleBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT (BKJIlOshy
quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo) n03BOJIHJI oooeAHshy
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ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH
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neHCTBHH B03nyIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnenCTBHH 3THX
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TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cnenylOIleM rony Korna
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nooIlpHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r~CKym BOHHy Me)KDy HOBbIM
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XpYIleB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM
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40 41
H 3aIIaA (TaK)I(e KaK H BoCTOK) HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI1leHHe
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BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH XpyweBe 6bDIa
ropa3)JO MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3)J0 60JIee YMepeHshy
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yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
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aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
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op~eM CAeJIaIla 6hl CCCP YJl3BHMhIM AJlI 06BHHeHHH co CTOPOHbl
KHTaH B He)KeJIaHHH nOAAep)KHBaTh HaUHOHaJIhHO-oCB060AHTeJIbHble
ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
MYHHCTHlJeCIltHX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHHshy
lJeCTBO C lIeKHHoM B03MO)KH0 6bUIO ropa3AO 60JIee Ba)KHbiM AJlI
CCCP ltpaKTOPOM AJlI BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOHltpJIHIltT B POJIH nOCTaBshy
IUHKa opY)KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO )Ke
BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
paJIhHhle H3Aep~H 1TIJI 3aIUHTbI CTpaHbI BTopoCTeneHHoro CTpaTeshy
rHleCKOrO 3HalJeHHJl
C 1965 r H AO nOAllHcaHHJI lIapH)KcKoro MHpHOrO comaweshy
HHJI B 1972 r COBeTCIltHH COlO3 AOCTaBHJI B CeBepHhIH BWTHaM
op~ 60JIee leM Ha 3 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB 3TO 6hUIa IltpyIIHeHmaH
COBeTCIltaH onepaUHJl H npH TOM OAHa H3 HaH6OJ1ee ycnemHblx no
44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCIltHe B03lJYIDHbIe 6oM6apshy
AHpoBIltH HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op~ 6oenpHDacax
TpaHcnOpTHhlX cpeACTBax HJIH APyrHX BHAaX BoeHHoro CHapJI)Keshy
HHJI20 MaIlOBepoJimo llT06hl 6e3 COBeTCIltOH BoeHHoH nOMOshy
lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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6564
HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MHshy
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aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHoshy
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CTpaH cOIJHllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh
CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH
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oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK
Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK)I(e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX
KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HHltPOPMarum H B
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38 39
1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo orshy
paHHIHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB
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HHnoHe3HH Tyna B 1958middot1965 rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop~eHHH
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cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r bullbull Korna MocKBa nperrnoshy
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40 41
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COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIjJIHKTOB B reorpaljHIeCKH
OT)J3JIeHHbIX paHOHax ropa3)Jo 60JIee ornyrHMbIM llOCKOJIbKY
3H3TB1reJILHaJI qaCTb BHOBb C03)J3HHhIX CWI He HMeJIa cyweCTBeHHoro
lHaqeHHII )JJIII o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO)J ITO OHH
6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
OT)J3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no )l(e BpeMII COBeTcKHH COI03
)J06WICJI cywecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHII MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA
42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
BOAHhIX JIOAIltax B03pOCJIa co 120 AO 560 1loCTIDKeHHe J4lltpeIltTHBshy
Horo JlAepHoro napHTeTa 003 COMHeHHJl yKpellHJIO YBepeHHOCTh
COBeTCIltOrO PyKOBOACTBa H C03AaJIO COBeTCIltOMY COI03Y penytawno
CBepXAep)KaBhl CTOJIlUeH Ha OAHOM ypOBHe C CoeAHHeHHhlMH
IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
THB pemaIOlUee JlAepHoe npeBocXOACTBO BPHA JIH CTaIlH 6hl npeAshy
npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle IltapaTeJIbHble MephI
1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
JIH CeBepHhIH BWTHaM opY)KHeM H AO 1965 r HO nOCJIe Tom IltaK
COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll)KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO
YBeJIHlIHBaTh CBOH Ha3eMHbIe BoeHHhle CHJIhI BO BWTHaMe COBeTeshy
IltaH nOMOlUb CeBepHOMY BWTHaMY pe3Ilt0 B03poCJIa BCTynrreHHe
COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy IltpynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO
lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
CHltPH~POBaIlO IltHTaHCIltO-COBeTCIltOe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B
Xauoe Hecnoco6HOCTb OO30TIlta3HO CHa6)K3Tb CeBepHbIH BwmaM
op~eM CAeJIaIla 6hl CCCP YJl3BHMhIM AJlI 06BHHeHHH co CTOPOHbl
KHTaH B He)KeJIaHHH nOAAep)KHBaTh HaUHOHaJIhHO-oCB060AHTeJIbHble
ABH)KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCIltHH npecTH)K cpeAH KOMshy
MYHHCTHlJeCIltHX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHHshy
lJeCTBO C lIeKHHoM B03MO)KH0 6bUIO ropa3AO 60JIee Ba)KHbiM AJlI
CCCP ltpaKTOPOM AJlI BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOHltpJIHIltT B POJIH nOCTaBshy
IUHKa opY)KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO )Ke
BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO)KHOCTh BbIHYshy
AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheTshy
HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble ltpHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCIltHe HMOshy
paJIhHhle H3Aep~H 1TIJI 3aIUHTbI CTpaHbI BTopoCTeneHHoro CTpaTeshy
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C 1965 r H AO nOAllHcaHHJI lIapH)KcKoro MHpHOrO comaweshy
HHJI B 1972 r COBeTCIltHH COlO3 AOCTaBHJI B CeBepHhIH BWTHaM
op~ 60JIee leM Ha 3 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB 3TO 6hUIa IltpyIIHeHmaH
COBeTCIltaH onepaUHJl H npH TOM OAHa H3 HaH6OJ1ee ycnemHblx no
44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCIltHe B03lJYIDHbIe 6oM6apshy
AHpoBIltH HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op~ 6oenpHDacax
TpaHcnOpTHhlX cpeACTBax HJIH APyrHX BHAaX BoeHHoro CHapJI)Keshy
HHJI20 MaIlOBepoJimo llT06hl 6e3 COBeTCIltOH BoeHHoH nOMOshy
lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
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gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
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MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
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H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
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48
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI)KeHHJI 6hUIa
nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCIltHe B03lJYIDHbIe 6oM6apshy
AHpoBIltH HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op~ 6oenpHDacax
TpaHcnOpTHhlX cpeACTBax HJIH APyrHX BHAaX BoeHHoro CHapJI)Keshy
HHJI20 MaIlOBepoJimo llT06hl 6e3 COBeTCIltOH BoeHHoH nOMOshy
lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
BbeTHaMa CMor OAep)KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe
HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo~eHHH
apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCIltHe Boopy)KeHHJl 60JIee
AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
HOCHOCTH 3Tom IltOHltpJIHIltTa CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJYIIIJlbIii
MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
BpeMeHHOH nepcneIltTHBe 3TO nOp3)KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO pe3IltOe
paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
SaMelaHHIO ArmHH3 3 Py6HHIlITeiiHa gtDOp3)KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO
COBeTCIltO-efHDeTCIltHe OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCIltOM
nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
ErHDTa H O)l(K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me)KJJy 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha
Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM
B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
JlHKaHCKOro pegtKHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no
B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3HaleHHe SToro KOHltpnHKTa YManHeTCH
BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
HOMY npaBHTemCTBY K TOMY gtKe lJIeHy BpHTaHCKOro COAPYgtKecrshy
Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
nHCTHIeCKOrO pegtKHMa BhlcryDaBWerO 3a caMoonpeAeneHHe no
BOHHhI HHrepHH nonyqana opYgtKHe OT llBaouaTH CTpaH BKnlOIaH
qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP OpHaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH
H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaOgtKaTh HHrepHIO 0PYshy
gtKHeM BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Halashy
JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
onepaIJllH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PYgtKHH B paROH Caxaphl B AltppHKe
H XOTH ]laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTCshy
Koro 0PYgtKHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb ltIgteAepanhHOshy
MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlOgtKHTenbHOe
BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
gtKaBlIIeHCH Jlpe)(lle OTIY)(lleHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc
K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
COBeTCKoe BrOpgtKeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r
aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOpgtKeHHH 3anao
B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
BOACTBO YgtKe MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OTshy
HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJllH qexocnoBashy
KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha ueJlH
H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
BpegtKHeBa ytBepgtKAaIOIIIaH HeoGpaTHMOCTh KOMMYHHCTHIeCKHX
peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
COBeTCKo-aMepHKaHCKaH BCTpella Ha BhlcweM ypoBHe B
MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
HallanO 3TOMY pa30llapoBaHHlO Be MOJKHO OTHeCTH ygtKe K tJeTBepTOH
cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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ny 1960-x rO)JOB
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KO~ )JeCHTHlIeTHII O)JHaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me)l(l(OHshy
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yqaCTM B KOHIjJIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha XXIII Cbe3)Je KnCC B
MapTe 1966 r BpeJKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCTshy
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TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb )J3)I(e BOOHHbIM npaBHTemcrshy
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aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT
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COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH IO)l(HbIH ReMeH 31jHOIIHJI
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COBeTCKHe JIH)JepbI )JOKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C
XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH
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6blJlH C03)J3Hbl )JJIJI YCHJIeHHII BJIHIfHHII KpeMJIII H3 co6hlTHII B
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42 43
YBeJIHlHB CBOH apceHaII Me~OHTlrneHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCIltHX
paKeT C 270 nyCIltOBhIX YCTaHOBOIlt B 1965 r AO 60JIee lJeM 1500 B
1972 r lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCIltHX 6amlHCmlJeCIltHX paKeT Ha nollshy
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IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCIltOBaHHOCTh COBeTCIltOrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa
B JIOIltaIlhHhle IltOHltpJIHIltThI nOCIltOJIbIltY COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpashy
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1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChIshy
rHHa B XauOH B ltpeBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH
nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCIltBa H lIeIltHH CHa6)Kashy
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lfHAOIltHTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep)K3B H HHTeHshy
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44
HCXOAY JIOIltaIlbHOrO IltOHltpJIHIltTa XauOH nonyqaJI opY)KHe H OT
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nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCIltOrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHIltaHCIltHM pa3BeAhmashy
TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI)KeHHH no IltpaHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ceshy
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lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCIltHMH CHJlaMH lO)KHoro
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HeCMOTpJl Ha orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B
1965-1972 rr COBeTCIltOe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYAshy
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apa6CIltHM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeIltpalUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO
B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa
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AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UIltOM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX laCTh B
meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe 1967 r s-3a MOJIHHeshy
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MOCT AJlI AOCTaBIltH BOOpY)KeHHH apa6cIltHM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHHshy
TeJIhHhle nOCTaBIltH 1TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH
nyHIltTa Ha3HalJeHHJl y)Ke nOCJ1e npeIltpaIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJlshy
TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b BhIH~eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO
6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP IltaTaCTposhy
ltpOM COBeTCIltoe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCIltOJIhIlty
MOCIltBa He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHIlta apa60B nOBepshy
Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cIltHe TeppHshy
TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B IltpaTIltOshy
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paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCIltOro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH)KHeM BoCTOIlte 1I0
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nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCIltOH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH~aII
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Bcex ypoBHJlX21 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBIltH opy)KHJl B orpoMHblx
MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHIltH XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe
IltOHltpJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHKshy
HOBeHHe COBeTCIltHX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCIltOrO MaTepHKa CTOHshy
45
MOCTh BOOpYgtKemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rrbullbull
npeBhIIII3J1a 45 MnpA AonnapoB
KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1HllHeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa
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B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlIHKa oPYgtKHH H onophI pecnyGshy
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B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH
1106101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHpHeBHOH GnOKaAhI
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BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpagtKAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe olgtlna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH
OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTHIeCKHH pegtKHM
3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaKgtKe nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOATshy
Bep)(lleHHhIM npHMepoM YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx
AeHCTBHHx B KOHltpnHKTe B TpeTampeM MHpe
BpegtKHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTHIeCKHH nparMaTH3M
BO BpeMH rpagtKAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH (1967-1970 rr) KorAl
MOCKBa nOAAep)(3J1a ltIgteAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB
cenapaTHcrOB B BHaltppe 3Ta BORHa npOAeMOHCIpHpOB3J1a HeCKonbshy
KO acneKTOB oTxoAa cOBeTCKoro PYKOBOACTBa or npaKTHKH npolIIshy
noro - COBerCKHH COlO3 OKaJ3J1 nOMOUUgt KOHCepBaTHBHOMY BoeHshy
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Ba H nonyqaTemo COJlHpHOH BoelDIOH nOMOIIIH or BenHK06pHraHHH B Bolllie npoTHB no OOIIIeMY npH3HaHHIO nporpeCCHBHoro HaIJIIOHashy
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JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOngtK3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA
BOHmt IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPYgtKHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB
CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH THgtKenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH
Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlIHKH 11]1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH
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BnelaTJleHHe B IepHOH AltppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aepshy
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K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAepgtKHBaeTCH AO
HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH
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aa KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C
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B OCHOBHOM npHAepgtKHB3J1CH MHeHHH ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKoshy
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H 3aAaIH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro
repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
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n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
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B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
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nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
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(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
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onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
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aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
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Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
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HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
9 aBryCTa CCCP H HIlrom nOADHCaJIH tJoroBop 0 APyxlt6e
H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJOCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO 5 TbIC T
BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
Koro OPYXltHH OflHaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepXltHBaJIa HHlH1O
nyOOHIIHhlMH 3aJIBJIeHHfIMH 3HepJHllHhIMH flHnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH
aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepetJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH-
4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H nmmOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS B KOH4gtJIHKTax
TpeTlgtero MHpa 3HBIIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyrueCTshy
BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO~amp CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI
CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
N nEPHOll lloClUllreBHe rno68JlJd1oA Moma (1973-1980 IT)
C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
DITaTbI CTanH HCKaTb 3cpcpeKTHBHbIe nym yn)lllIeHHH omoweHHii
XOTH 3Ta pa3pHAKa 6bIJIa He nepBOH B nOClleBoeHHbIH nepHOlJ OHa
peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
HeCKOllbKO cornaweHHii MeXltDY BOCTOKOM H 3anaDOM B lIacmocshy
TH IJeThlpeXCTopoHHee cornaweHHe 0 BepnHHe
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MOCKBe 3asepwHlIa YCH1IHH no lJOCTIDKeHHIO HCTOpHleCKOrO cornashy
weHHH 06 orpSHHlemm CTpaTerHleCKHX BooPYJlCeHHii TOrDa )Ke 6hlshy
no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
DITaTbl B l1apHgtKe 6hlno noDIIHC3HO MHpHOe cornaweHHe BpeMeHHo
OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
JIHCb KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIMH Coe)lHHeHHble DITaThl npoBoAHJIH nOOHshy
THKy pa3pHAKH OTllaCTH B Hale)Kle Ha CIJepgtKHBaHHe coBeTCKoii
BoeHHoH aKTHBHOCTH B MHpe H YCTaHOBneHHe onpe1JeJIeHHblX HOpM
npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
BMewaTenbCTBOM CCCP B KOHCPJlHKThl TpeTberO MHpa HaIJHHaH
C HOM-KHnYPCKOH BOHHbI H KOHIJaH BTOp)KeHHeM B AcpraHHCTSH
B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
JlHtHqeCKOM Kypce KOTOPhlH OHa onHueTBOpsna
Apa60-H3paHnbCKaH HOM-KHnYPCKaH BOHHa 1973 r nonOgtKHna
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cpale COBeTCKoro yqaCTHH B KOHCPJlHKTaX TpeTbero MHpa XOTa
H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
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no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
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pbIBHble nOCTasKH BoopygtKeHHH HeKOMMYHHCTHlJeCKOMY KJlHeHTY
B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
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KHX BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H BoeHHoro nepCOHaJIa COBeTCKHe BoeHshy
HbIe COBeTHHKH BeJlH TaHKH OT JIaTaKBH lJO llaMacKa ynpaBnanH
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50 51
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52
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lITO B 6YAYIIIeM MOCKBa CKOHlleHTpHpyeT Bce yCWIHH Ha nOllAep)l(Ke
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JIbI - paAHKaJIbHbIe YMepeHHbIe H oa)f(e KOHcepBaTHBHbIe pe)I(HMbI
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TYHHCTHleCKHM XOTH COBeTCKoe PYKOBOACTBO He 3a6bIBaJIO ITO
uoeoJIOrIDIecKoe pBeHHe H opraHHSaIIHOHHaH ouCIIHIUIHHa pauHshy
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IIocne 1972 r SHalHTeJlbHO pacillHpHJIHCb COBeTCKHe nporshy
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148 MJIPA AOJIJIaPOB IIo nOMy HCTOlfHHKY COBeTcKHH COIOS
3KcnopTHpOBaJI 60Jlbille 60eBbIX Hcrpe6HTeJIeH 60MOOpouPOBIIIHshy
KOB TaHKOB 3eHHTHbIX H apTHJlJIepHHcKlfX opyoHii qeM CoeAHHeHshy
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MHpe npHMepHO Ha 10 npeBbICHJIH aMepHKaHCKHe HO CCCP npeshy
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HbIe JIITaTbI CTOKrOJIbMCKHH MeAYHapODHbIH HHCTHTYT MHPHbIX
HCCJIeAOBaHHH B ny6JIHKaIIHH 1982 r TaK)f(e yrBep)f(AaeT ITO Coshy
BeTCKHH COIOS o60rHaJI COeAHHeHHbIe IIITaTbI H CTaJI KpynHeHIllHM MHpOBbIM 3KcnopTepoM op~28
IIaueHHe lO)f(Horo BbeTHaMa B 1975 r H 60JIe3HeHHaH nepeoshy
rreHKa HaIIHOHaJIbHblX HHTepeCOB nepe)l(HBaBllaHCH COeAHHeHHbIMH
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BOiiHy B AHrOJIe Ba)f(HOCTb aHrOJIbCKOH rpa)f(AaHCKOH BOHHbI
1975-1976 rr BbIXOouT oaJIeKO sa npeAeJIbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO YMepeHshy
Horo cTpaTerHleCKoro 3HaqeHHH 3TOH sanaAHoaltPPHKaHCKOH CTPaHbI
3TO 6blJl nepBbIH (H AO HaCTOHIIIero BpeMeHH eAHHCTBeHHbIH) HCshy
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Toro AmoJIa JIe)I(HT a6COJIIOllIO sa npeAeJIaMH TPauHlJHOHHOH SOHbI
COBeTCKlfX WIH POCCHHCKlfX HHTepecoB KpoMe TOro B AHroJIe
BnepBbIe lJIH nOllAep)l(KH pe)f(HMa - KJIHeHTa CCCP - 6blJIH HCnOJIbshy30BaHbI Ky6HHcKHe BoHcKa
54 55
fP~HCKaJI Boiiua B Aurorre BerraCb Me)l(pY TpeMH COnepHHshy
qalO~HMH HaIQfOHarrbHo-OCB060rorrerrbHbIMH ABU)I(eHHHMH COB eTCshy
KuH COlO3 nOMep)I(HBaJI HaH60rree yp6aHHcTUtleCKoe no 11yxy H rryqshy
llIe 11pyrux OpraHH30BaHHOe MapKCHCTCKoe ABU)I(eHHe MTIJIA C
KOTOPbIM Y CCCP cy~eCTBOBaJIH MHOrOrreTHHe CBH3H COBeTcKHe
nOCTaBKH Op~HH MUM HaqaJIHCb B aBrycTe 1974 r OllHaKO 110
HOH6pH 1975 r KOrlla Aurorra iPOPMaJIbHO noJIytlurra He3aBHCHMOCTb
OT IIOPTYraJIHH 3TH nOCTaBKH He HOCurrH MaCCOBoro XapaKTepa
K KOHUY KOHiPrrHKTa MOCKBa nocTaBurra MIInA Boop~euuH 60shy
rree qeM Ha 300 MITH 11OrrrrapOB BKrrlOqaJI HeCKOJIbKO COTeH TaHKOB
H 6poHeTPaHCnopTepoB OllHaKO ropa3110 60JIbllIee 3uaqeHHe qeM
nOCTaBKH OPY)l(HH HMerro pa3Me~eHHe B AHrorre Ky6HHCKux 3KCshy
ne~OHHbIX curr qHCrreHHOCTb KOTOPbIX Bcero 3a HeCKOJIbKO Meshy
CHueB K iPeBpaJIlO 1976 r 11OCTHrrra 20 TbIC qerrOBeK
Ky6HHcKoe yqacTHe B KOHiPrrHKTe B Aurorre HaqaJIOCb Hecshy
KOJIbKO cnOpallUtlecKH HO OKa3aJIOCb Heo)l(HllaHHO 3iPiPeKTHBHbIM
BepOHTHO 6rrarOllapH TecHoH KOOP11HHauHH C MOCKBOH a TaK)I(e
COBeTCKHM BoeHHbIM nOCTaBKaM pe3epBHoH H TPaHCnOpTHOH n011-
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BaH n06e11a MUM BO BceH Aurorre 3a HCKJIIOqeHHeM CeJIbCKUX
paHoHoB lOra cTpaHbI 3TO 6bIJIO n030pHbIM llHllJIOMaTUtleCKHM
iPuaCKO COellHHeHHbIX IIlTaToB ~H nporpaMMa TaHHoH nOMep)l(KH
ABU)I(eHuH COnepHUtlalO~UX C MIIM 6bIrra ype3aHa KourpeccoMbull
no rpa)l(l1aHCKOH BOHHbI B Aurorre crra6bIM MeCTOM B COB6TCshy
KOM CTpeMrreHHH nOBrrHHTb Ha HCX011 KOHiPrrHKToB B TpeTbeM MHpe
6bIJIO He)l(erraHHe KpeMJ1H 11OnycTHTb npHMoe yqaCTHe COBeTCKUX
BOHHCKUX COellHHeHuH B BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBIUlX COBeTHHKH He B COCshy
TOHHHH 3aMeHHTb 06yqeHHbIx COrrllaT a apMHH 60rrbllIHHCTBa CTPaH
TPeTbero Mupa He cnoc06HbI 3iPiPeKTHBHo ocnorrb30BaTb COBpeMeHshy
Hoe op~e I1cnorrb30BaHHe Ky6HHCKUX BoeHHocrry)l(~ B AHshy
rorre 0 nOCrre110BaBuntii 3a 3THM TPHYMiP MUM OTKPbIJI COBeTCKOshy
MY PYKOB011CTBy HOBbIH cnoc06 YTBep)l(11eHHH COBeTCKoro BJIHHHHH
B KOHiPJlHKTax B OT11aJIeHHbIX paHoHax - npo ycrroBHH KOHequo
cOTPyllHUtleCTBa KacTpo 3TOT )l(e npHeM KpeMrreBcKoe PYKOB011CTshy
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BOHubI
Boiiua Me)l(pY 3iPHonHeH H COMaJIO H3-3a Ora11eHa B 1977shy
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qaJIaCb HacTynrreHHeM COMaJIH rreTOM 1977 r COBeTcKHH COlO3
CHaqarra JIbITaJICH nOMep)l(HBaTb TeCHbIe CBH30 0 C COMaJIH (Ha nposhy
TH)I(eHHH MHorux rreT 3Ta CTpaHa 6bIJIa 6rru3KOM COI03HHKOM CCCP)
H C rreBbIM PallHKaJIbHbIM pe)l(HMOM nOIJIIOJIKOBHHKa MeurocTy
XaHrre MapuaMa B 3iPHonlUl IIo-BUWlMOMY B HaqaJIe KOHiPrrHKTa
COBeTCKoe op~He nOJIytlarrH 06e Bpa)l(l1yro~e CTOPOHbI IIocrre
BbICbIJIKH COBeTCKUX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H3 COMaJIH B HOH6pe
1977 r COBeTcKuH COlO3 HaqaJI MaccHpoBaHHbIe B03lJY1IIHIgtIe nOCTaBshy
KH Boop~eHuH B 3iPoonHlO CTOHMOCTb 3TUX nOCTaBOK 11OCTHrrra
rrpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO 1 MJIP11 11OrrrrapoB KaK 0 B Aurorre Ky6HHcKoe
BOHHCKoe COe11HHeHHH B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH qaCTH nepe6pollIeHHbIe
Ha COBeTCKUX caMorreTax CbIrpaJIO pellIaro~yro pOJIb B X011e BOHubI
MocKBa 0 faBaHa KOOP11HHHpoBarru CBOO 11eHCTBHH HaCTOJIbKO qeTshy
KO qTO HepellKo npH6bIBllIoe Ky6HHcKHe qaCTO HeMellJIeHHO norryshy
qarro COBeTCKoe 060pY110BaHHe 0 TyT )l(e oTrrpaBJlHJIOCb Ha iPPOHT
BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBuH lJucrreHHocTb Ky6HHCKux BoeHHocrry)l(a~ yqacTBoBaBllIux B Ora11eHcKoH BOHHe 6bIJIa HeCKorrbKO MeHbllIe
qeM B Aurorre OllHaKO 06beM BoeHHbIX nOCTaBOK 6bIJI no~o B 3 pashy
3a 60JIbllIe 0 COBeTCKHe BoeHHbIe cnenuarrHCTbI rOpa3110 aKTHBHee
yqacTBOBaJIH B BoeHHbIX 11eHcTBHHx B 3iPHonHH qeM B Aurorre IIo
KpaiiueH Mepe 11Ba COBeTCKUX oiPuuepa BbICOKoro paura BbIJIeTerru
B 3iPHonuro 11JIH Ha6rrlO11eHHH 3a BoeHHbIMH onepaUHHMo B pe3YJIbshy
TaTe qero KpeMJ1b norryqurr He06bIqaihIo BbICOKyro CTeneHb npHMoro
KOTPOJIH Hall X0110M BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBuH
COe11HHeHHbIe IIlTaTbI He npe11rrpHHHMaJIH cepbe3HbIX nOIlbIshy
TOK conpOTHBrreHHH HJIH npe110TBpa~eHHH COBeTcKo-Ky6HHcKoro
BMellIaTeJIbCTBa H BoihIa B Ora11eHe He npHHecrra cepbe3HbIX Me)I(pYshy
Hap0llHbIX OCrrO)I(HeHuH 3TO 6bIJI nepBbIH crryqaH B nocrreBoeHHOH
HCTOPnu KOrlla KpyIDIaJI COBeTCKaJI BOeHHaH onepaUHH 3a npe11errashy
MH BOCTOquOH EBPOllbI He BbI3BaJIa OTBeTHOrO BoeHHoro BMernaTeJIbshy
CTBa co CTOPOHbI 11pyrOH KpynHOH 11ep)l(aBbI IIOTepH COMaJIO B Kashy
qeCTBe COlO3HHKa 03Haqarra YTPaTy KpYIDIeHrneH COBeTCKOH BoeHHOH
6a3bI 3a npe11erraMH BapllIaBCKOrO naKTa OllHaKO 06~ HTor
Ora11eHCKOH BOHUbI OKa3aJICH BeCbMa norrO)l(HTeJIbHbIM l1J1H COBeTCshy
Koro COI03a HacerreHHe 3iPHOnHH B 10 pa3 npeBbIllIaeT HacerreHoe
COMaJIH OHa ropa3110 60raqe norre3HbIMH OCKonaeMbIMH 006rrallaeT
ropa3110 60JIbllIHM BrrHHHHeM B AiPpHKe XOTH yqacToe CCCP B
56 57
BoilHe Ha BpeMH OCJIOgtKHIDlO ero OTHoweHlJH C nurOH apaOCKHX
rocynaPCTB nOMepJKHBaBWeH COMaJIH B HTOre 3TOrO KOHCPJIHKTa
3cpHOnIDI npeBpaTHJIaCh B mmegtKHorO COlO3HHKa COBeTCIWrO COI03a
3TO oOeCnelIDlO MOCKBe HOBhIH HCTOtJHHK BJIIDIHHH B paHOHe Kpacshy
HOrO MOpH H TaKHM OOpa30M 1JaCTHtJHO KOMneHCHpOBaJIO yrpashy
IeHHOe HeCKOJIhKHMH rOJaMH parree TeCHOe COTpYJJHHleCTBO C
KaHpOM B TeleHHe 18 MeCHlleB nocne rr06e)JbI 3cpHorrHH B oraJeHcKoH
BOwe COBeTCKHH COlO3 yqacTBOBaJI B Tpex KOHCPJIHKTax B TpeTbeM
MHpe B BoeHHoH oKKynallHH KaMrrylHH BheTHaMOM B rrocnenOBaBshy
weM H3-3a 3Toro KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM BbeTHaMQ-KHTaHCKOM KOHshy
cpJIHKTe H B HarraJeHHH lOgtKHoro i-teMeHa Ha i-teMeH (CTomrua Carra)
OCeHhlO 1978 r IIepBhle nBa KOHcpJIHKTa MOJKHO paccMaTpHBaTh
KaK rrOCJIeJCTBHe yxoJa CIIlA H3 BheTHaMa yCIDlHBwero correpHHshy
1JeCTBO CCCP H KHP 3a BJIIDIHHe B IOro-BocTotJHoH AlHH KOHCPJIHKT
MeJKny DBYMH i-teMeHaMH HMeJI rrpHlHHOH rro KpailHeH Mepe OTlJacshy
TH CTpeMJIeHHe COBeTCKoro PYKOBoJcTBa BepHyrbcH Ha MHgtKHeBOCshy
TOlHylO apeHY rrpoJeMoHcTpHpoBaB CBoe BJIIDIHHe rra C06hITIDI
nyCTh H rra nepHcpepHH noro perHoHa
3 HOH6pH 1978 r 6bIJIO nonnHcarro comaweHHe 0 COlO3e
MeJKnY CCCP H BbeTHaMOM 3TO nano XaHOIO He06xonHMyro
Mepy ysepeHHocTH H 6e3 COMHeHHH rroJTOJIKHYJIO BbeTHaM rra
WHpOKyro BoeHHyro orrepaIJHIO npOTHB npoKHTaHcKoro peJKHMa
IIoJI IIoTa B KOHcpJIHKTe KOTOPbIH nOMOWHHK rrpe3HJeHTa CIIlA rro
BorrpocaM HaIIHOHaJIbHOH 6e30rracHocTH 36urHeB BJKe3HHCKHH
HalBaJI rrepBbIM rrpHMepoM BOHHhI MeJKpy COBeTCKHM COlO30M
H KHTaeM rrocpeJcTBoM JpyrHX rocynapcTB29 HeHcHo nOCTaBshy
JIHJI JIH CCCP opyJKHe BheTHaMY BO BpeMH ooeBblx neHcTBHH - B
KOHlle KOHllOB BbeTHaM H 6e3 Toro 06JIanan nOCTaTOlHhIM 3arraCOM
COBeTCKoro H aMepHKarrCKoro TpoQgteworo 0pyJKIDI PeWaIOwHM
CPaKTOPOM B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJIa COBeTCKas nHIIJIOMaTHleCKaH
nOMepJKKa XaHOIOB JeKa6pe 1978 r CoeJHHeHHble IIlTaThl rrpH3shy
HaJIH KHP ITO TaKJKe B03MOgtKH0 Cblrpano POJIb B peweHHH BbeTshy
HaMa OKKyrrHpoBaTb KaMIIyqHIO 3TO JKe npH3HaHHe rrOlTH HaBepHHshy
Ka nOBJ1HHJIO Ha peweHHe IIeKHHa OTBeTHTb Ha 3axBaT XaHoeM
IIHOMrreHH KapaTeJIhHOH 3KcneJHIIHeH Ha TeppHTOpHIO BbeTHaMa Hashy
laBWeHCH 17 cpeBpans 1979 r CCCP CTaJI ocyweCTBJIHTb B03nyrrIshy
Hble rrOCTaBKH 0pyJKIDI BheTHaMY yJKe Iepe3 IDITh JJHeH nocne HalaJIa
BoeHHhIX JeHcTBHH KHTas KpoMe Toro MocKBa nponeMOHCTPHpQshy
BaJIa nOMepJKKY XaHOSI YCHJIeHHeM B nOM paHOHe CBOHX BoeHHQshy
MOpCKHX CIDl H JHIIJIOMaTHleCKHMH rrpeJOCTepeJKeHIDIMH KHTalO
TpYJJHO YCTarrOBHTb HaCKOJIbKO KpeMJIh rrOBJIIDIJI Ha peweHHe
HapODHOH lleMOKpaTHleCKOH Pecrry6JIHKH i-teMeH aTaKOBaTh i-teMeH
B cpeBpaJIe 1979 r KaK C006WaJIOCb OKOJIO 1 TbIC BoeHHbIX COBeTshy
HHKOB H3 CCCP HaxOnIDlOCb B IOJKHOM i-teMeHe B TO BpeMH H OOJIee
500 KYOHHCKHX COBeTHHKOB YlHThIBaH CHJlhHlO 3aBHCHMOCTh
lOgtKHoro i-teMerra OT COBeTCKOH 3KOHOMHleCKOH H BoeHHoH rrOMOWH
rpYJJHO rrpenCTaBHTb 1JTOOhI aJeHcKHH peJKHM XOTH Obi He rrpOKOHshy
CyJIhTHPOBaJICSI C MOCKBOH npeJKne 1JeM npennpHHHTh ny aTaKY
Bo BCSIKOM CJIyqae rocynapCTBeHHbIH nenapTaMeHT CIIlA BhlpalIDl
rrpOTeCT rro nOBOpy POJIH COBeTCKHX BoeHHblX COBeTHHKOB B nOM
KOHcpJIHKTe BoilHa 3aBepWHJIaCb cpaBHHTeJIhHO OhICrpO OTlJaCTH
OJIaronapSI nocpeDHHleCKOH POJIH CaynoBcKOH ApaBHH a TaKJKe
BCJIeJCTBHe 3HeprHtJHOH nOMepJKKH COenHHeHHblMH IIlTaTaMH
rrpasHTeJIhcTBa i-teMeHa B CaHe
B arrpene 1978 r B pe3YJIbTaTe KpoBaBoro rrepeBopoTa B Acpshy
raHHCTarre ObIJIO cBepnIyTo rrpaBHTeJIhCTBO rrpe3HJeHTa MoxaMena
llayJa H Ha cMeHy eMY rrpHWen npOCOBeTCKHH peJKHM BO maBe C
HypOM MoxaMeJOM TapaKH JIHJepOM cppaKllHH KXaJIK B HapODHOH
rrapTHH 3TH COOhITIDI rrOBJIeKJIH 3a COOOH POCT COBeTCKoro BoeHHoshy
ro rrpHcyrCTBIDI B AcpraHHCTarre PeJKHM TapaKH BhI3BaJI I1IHpOKylO
orrrr03HllHlO MYCYJIhMaHCKHX rrJIeMeH B CeJIhCKHX pmOHax CTparrhI
ITO rrorpY3IDlO AcpraHHCTarr B OJKeCT01JeHHyro rpaJKnaHCKyro BOWY
C HIOHH 1978 r 60JIhIlIHe rpyrrIIhI COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB
HarrpaBJIHJIHCb B AQgtraHHCTarr nJIH nOMOWU TapaKH B 60Pb6e C rrOBshy
CTaHU8MH COBeTcKoe rrpHcyrcTBHe rrOCTOHHHO yseJIHlHBaJIOCb
npHleM KaK coOOwaJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX cneuuashy
JIHCTOB rrOrHOJIO B pe3yJIbTaTe nOKyweHHH B rrepBhIH ron rpaJKnaHcshy
KOH BOHHbI B ceHTH6pe 1979 r rrocne Toro KaK JIeTOM rro BceH
cTparre OhIJIO OTMe1JeHO YCHJIeHHe orrrr03HllHH B DBOPllOBOH nepecTshy
peJIKe ObIJI y6HT TapaKH MeCTO KOToporo 3aHHJl XacpH3yJIJIa AMHH
3aHHMaBwHH rrpH TapaKH rrOCT rrpeMbep-MHHHcTpa XOTH AMHH
rrponOJIJKaJI rrpocoBeTcKHH KYPC no MHeHHIO MOCKBhl OH ObIJI Ieshy
pecqyp He3aBHCHMbIM aero penpeccHBHbIe MeTOnhI yrrpaBJIeHIDI
crparroH cnOCOOCTBOBaJIH KOHCOJIHnallHH OIIII03HllHH CHTyaIJIDI
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58
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY MegtKAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexoshy
cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIegtKHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKYshy
naIJllH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH OllHaKO B BoeHshy
HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MOgtKHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rHlHYlO
n03)1(e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B AltpraHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3anshy
HOCTH B03DylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIOIeBbIX
n03HuHii ltp3J1bCHltpHKaIJHH npoChGhI 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe
(B cnyqae C AltpraHHCTaHOM - paSBHTHe) nOCTltpaKTyM AOKrpHHbl
onpaBAhmaroIIIeH HHTepBeHIJHIO KaK HeOOXOAHMOe npoHBJleHHe
COIJH3J1HCTHIeCKOH COJUlAaPHOCTH TaK HalhmaeMaH AOKTPHHa
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peBonIOIJHH H orpaHHIeHHhIii cyaepeHHTer COIJHanHCTHIeCKHX
rOCYAlpCTB Ghma CCPOPMynHpOBaHa AlIH onpaBAaHHH BTOp)l(eHHH
B qexocnoBaKHIO OAHaKO ee nOTeHIJH3J1bHOe 3HaleHHe AJlH TpeTbeshy
ro MHpa crano OleBHAHbIM n03AHee B 1970-e rOAbI KorAa B Hecshy
KonhKHX CTpaHaX ASHH H AltPPHKH YKpenHnHCb Y BnaCTH KOMMYshyHHCTHleCKHe H neBhle peBOnIOIJHOHHbIe pegtKHMbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarHleCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTHgtKa H peshy
nyTaIJHH CCCP AongtKeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAepgtKKY STHM pe)I(HMaM
eCJlH OHH OKagtKYTCH nOA yrpo30H
TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnHgtKHeM BocToKe
(1969-1970 rr) AaJIa GecnpeueAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA
npHMep npHMoro YlaCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnYgtKaJIlHX B 60eBhlx
DeHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe
BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe
onepaIJHH COBeTCKHe cneIJH3J1HCTbI 06cnYgtKHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3oywshy
Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH
aBHaIJHH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJlshy
)(3J1HCb H ohmH SltpltpeKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI
Ha Eruner H MocKBa nonaoana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe IeM
apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOHltpnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK 110
46 47
03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EIHIITa CTaJIO
3aMeTHO ITO ~ Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOXltshy
HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO~H A1lII no6eWgtI HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynneshy
HHeM Ca)laTa Ha nOCT npe3H)leHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa
B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBoshy
60)K)leHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI
Pa~yro BanpJIxlteHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH
BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe 1971 r COBeTCKOshy
erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyxlt6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBIIJHii
BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
Cne~aJIHCTOB K 1972 r B EmoTe HaxOAKJIHCh npHMepHo 20 ThIC
BoeHHhlX COBeTHHKOB H3 CCCP COBeTcKHu COI03 HMeJI HCKJIIOIIHshy
TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
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yrnyOOSJICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH)lO-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4gtJIHKTa B03shy
pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe
HO B TO xlte BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH
npoOOeMbI
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H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nOtJroroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ0 KpH3Hca B
BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
4gtJIHKTa HIlrom cot(JIa ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewashy
TeJIhCTBa H KHTas H ChIA COBeTcKoe opyXltHe nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO
B TelleHHe Bcero rorra H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6shy
pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhIshy
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BoeHHoro cBapS)KeHHS He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJeHcmHshy
TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBOtJcmO HHDHiicKoro BTOpxreHHS B Booshy
TOIIHhM llaKHCTaH ero HecnocofiHoCTh orpaHHIIHTb tJeHCTBHS HHAuH B KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYXltIDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaXltHeiiweu
npHIIHHOH DaJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6bmni B Bat(aJIe tJeKa6ps HHshy
AID BTopmach B BOCTOt(HbIH llaKHCnm ITO norpY3HJIO HH)lHHCKHH
cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTHflHeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTyshy
naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
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4gtJIHKTa cne)lyeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHoshy
TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H KHP H YKpeshy
IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH
COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
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CBoe yqacme B rpa)K)l3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaDshy
KaMH H flHnJIOMaTHeH tJofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycneshy
XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Korrra 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1lII paCUIHshy
peHHfI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe OflHaKO MaccoBoe ytIHIToxlteHHe
COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO ITO tJ0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y
He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
3T0 OObHCIDleTCH TeM lITO BJIHxamH BOCTOK H HHAOKHTaH 3TO
paiiOHbI B KOTOPhlX COe)lHHeHHhle DITaThl HaH60nee lHepIHIHO
OKa3bIBaJIH nOMepJKKY npo3aII8llHhIM peJKHMaM H 6opoJlHcb C coshy
BeTCKHM BnHHHHeM
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C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
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peKnaMHpoBanaCb C OC06bIM 3HTY3Ha3MoM H nHIJephl 06eHX lJepgtKaB
CTpeMHnHCb K pa3pHAKe BnarODapH 3TOMY 6hlno lJOCTHrHYTO
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no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
H COTpyAHHIJeCTBe BpeJKHeB HSHec OTBemhlH BH3HT B CoeDHHeHHhle
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OCTSHOBHBwee BoeHHble lJeHCTBHH BO BbeTHaMe
3ro 6bIJI 3cpcpeKTHBHbIH nepHOlJ HO ero lJOCTHgtKeHHH OKa3ashy
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npHeMneMorO nOBe1JeHHH Ha Me~apolJHOH apeHe BMeCTO 3Toro
1970-e rOAhl 03HaMeHOBaJIHCb 6ecnpeuelJeHTHhlM no MaClllTa6aM
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B pe3ynbTaIe l CDIA CTaJIO paCTH pa30llapoBaHHe B pa3pHAKe H noshy
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H lJO oKTH6pa 1973 r CCCP Hrpan Bepymyro ponb B pMe apa60shy
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no CTOOb npaMbIM H HHTeHCHBHhlM BO BpeMs 60eBhlX 1JeHCTBHH
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B X01Je 60eBhlX lJeHCTBHH23 BbIJIO COBepweHO CBbIWe ThlCSCfH
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54 55
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56 57
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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TeJIhHOe npaBo nOJIh30BaHHH lUIThlO erHneTCKHMH MOPCKHMH
nopTaMH H BoceMhlO a3pOApOMaMH llIeCTh H3 HOX HaxOAHJIHCh
nOA nOJIHhIM COBeTCKHM KOHTpOJIeM B HIOJIe 1972 r CaAaT nOpa3HJI
MHp 06bSBHB 0 H~OHaJIH3~ nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe
BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX
COBeTHHKOB (HeKorophle rpaXltAaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpashy
He) XOTJI B 1973 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH
OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca)laTa 0 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX
cne~aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 r OKa3aJICJI npePBecmeM nQJlHoro
Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03~H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI
1973 r llocneAHHii KOH4gtJIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCTshy
BOBaJI Ha npoTJIxlteHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS
BouHa 1971 r EhIBIIJHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH
KHcCHHA)Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4gtJIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe
npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepXltaHHhIM COBeTCKHM
OpYXltHeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX
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pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT
OCTOPOXltHO H ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOXlteT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeAshy
HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4gtopMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH
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npoOOeMbI
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BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH
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naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTOshy
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COBepllIeHHO OlleBHflHO ITO B 1965-1972 rr MaCWra6hI
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XOB B HHrepHH H IO)KHOH A3HH KpeMJIamp HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe
opYXltHe COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJaXlte BoeHHOcnyXltashy
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COBeTCKHX BoopyxlteHHii B WeCTHflHeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI noshy
6erra B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba HCTo~eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca)laTOM
COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B 1972 r 3aTpytUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03Hshy
mui CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI
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He YAaJIOCamp A06HTbCS O~MhIX pe3ynampraTOB KaK pa3 B Tex pernoshy
48
49
H3X r1Jemiddot 6hIl1H C1JeJISHhl HaHOOnbume ycwum B03MOJKHO lIaCTHIIHO
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C Hallana 1970-x rOlJOB H COBeTCKHH COlO3 H Coe)lHHeHHbIe
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no 3aKnIOlJeHO HecKOllbKO nsYCTOPOHHHX cornaweHHH 0 TogtroBne
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54 55
fP~HCKaJI Boiiua B Aurorre BerraCb Me)l(pY TpeMH COnepHHshy
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KOTOPbIM Y CCCP cy~eCTBOBaJIH MHOrOrreTHHe CBH3H COBeTcKHe
nOCTaBKH Op~HH MUM HaqaJIHCb B aBrycTe 1974 r OllHaKO 110
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OT IIOPTYraJIHH 3TH nOCTaBKH He HOCurrH MaCCOBoro XapaKTepa
K KOHUY KOHiPrrHKTa MOCKBa nocTaBurra MIInA Boop~euuH 60shy
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nOCTaBKH OPY)l(HH HMerro pa3Me~eHHe B AHrorre Ky6HHCKux 3KCshy
ne~OHHbIX curr qHCrreHHOCTb KOTOPbIX Bcero 3a HeCKOJIbKO Meshy
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Ky6HHcKoe yqacTHe B KOHiPrrHKTe B Aurorre HaqaJIOCb Hecshy
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iPuaCKO COellHHeHHbIX IIlTaToB ~H nporpaMMa TaHHoH nOMep)l(KH
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6bIJIO He)l(erraHHe KpeMJ1H 11OnycTHTb npHMoe yqaCTHe COBeTCKUX
BOHHCKUX COellHHeHuH B BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBIUlX COBeTHHKH He B COCshy
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qaJIaCb HacTynrreHHeM COMaJIH rreTOM 1977 r COBeTcKHH COlO3
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BbICbIJIKH COBeTCKUX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H3 COMaJIH B HOH6pe
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KH Boop~eHuH B 3iPoonHlO CTOHMOCTb 3TUX nOCTaBOK 11OCTHrrra
rrpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO 1 MJIP11 11OrrrrapoB KaK 0 B Aurorre Ky6HHcKoe
BOHHCKoe COe11HHeHHH B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH qaCTH nepe6pollIeHHbIe
Ha COBeTCKUX caMorreTax CbIrpaJIO pellIaro~yro pOJIb B X011e BOHubI
MocKBa 0 faBaHa KOOP11HHHpoBarru CBOO 11eHCTBHH HaCTOJIbKO qeTshy
KO qTO HepellKo npH6bIBllIoe Ky6HHcKHe qaCTO HeMellJIeHHO norryshy
qarro COBeTCKoe 060pY110BaHHe 0 TyT )l(e oTrrpaBJlHJIOCb Ha iPPOHT
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qeM B Aurorre OllHaKO 06beM BoeHHbIX nOCTaBOK 6bIJI no~o B 3 pashy
3a 60JIbllIe 0 COBeTCKHe BoeHHbIe cnenuarrHCTbI rOpa3110 aKTHBHee
yqacTBOBaJIH B BoeHHbIX 11eHcTBHHx B 3iPHonHH qeM B Aurorre IIo
KpaiiueH Mepe 11Ba COBeTCKUX oiPuuepa BbICOKoro paura BbIJIeTerru
B 3iPHonuro 11JIH Ha6rrlO11eHHH 3a BoeHHbIMH onepaUHHMo B pe3YJIbshy
TaTe qero KpeMJ1b norryqurr He06bIqaihIo BbICOKyro CTeneHb npHMoro
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MH BOCTOquOH EBPOllbI He BbI3BaJIa OTBeTHOrO BoeHHoro BMernaTeJIbshy
CTBa co CTOPOHbI 11pyrOH KpynHOH 11ep)l(aBbI IIOTepH COMaJIO B Kashy
qeCTBe COlO3HHKa 03Haqarra YTPaTy KpYIDIeHrneH COBeTCKOH BoeHHOH
6a3bI 3a npe11erraMH BapllIaBCKOrO naKTa OllHaKO 06~ HTor
Ora11eHCKOH BOHUbI OKa3aJICH BeCbMa norrO)l(HTeJIbHbIM l1J1H COBeTCshy
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56 57
BoilHe Ha BpeMH OCJIOgtKHIDlO ero OTHoweHlJH C nurOH apaOCKHX
rocynaPCTB nOMepJKHBaBWeH COMaJIH B HTOre 3TOrO KOHCPJIHKTa
3cpHOnIDI npeBpaTHJIaCh B mmegtKHorO COlO3HHKa COBeTCIWrO COI03a
3TO oOeCnelIDlO MOCKBe HOBhIH HCTOtJHHK BJIIDIHHH B paHOHe Kpacshy
HOrO MOpH H TaKHM OOpa30M 1JaCTHtJHO KOMneHCHpOBaJIO yrpashy
IeHHOe HeCKOJIhKHMH rOJaMH parree TeCHOe COTpYJJHHleCTBO C
KaHpOM B TeleHHe 18 MeCHlleB nocne rr06e)JbI 3cpHorrHH B oraJeHcKoH
BOwe COBeTCKHH COlO3 yqacTBOBaJI B Tpex KOHCPJIHKTax B TpeTbeM
MHpe B BoeHHoH oKKynallHH KaMrrylHH BheTHaMOM B rrocnenOBaBshy
weM H3-3a 3Toro KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM BbeTHaMQ-KHTaHCKOM KOHshy
cpJIHKTe H B HarraJeHHH lOgtKHoro i-teMeHa Ha i-teMeH (CTomrua Carra)
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KaK rrOCJIeJCTBHe yxoJa CIIlA H3 BheTHaMa yCIDlHBwero correpHHshy
1JeCTBO CCCP H KHP 3a BJIIDIHHe B IOro-BocTotJHoH AlHH KOHCPJIHKT
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TH CTpeMJIeHHe COBeTCKoro PYKOBoJcTBa BepHyrbcH Ha MHgtKHeBOCshy
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nyCTh H rra nepHcpepHH noro perHoHa
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IIoJI IIoTa B KOHcpJIHKTe KOTOPbIH nOMOWHHK rrpe3HJeHTa CIIlA rro
BorrpocaM HaIIHOHaJIbHOH 6e30rracHocTH 36urHeB BJKe3HHCKHH
HalBaJI rrepBbIM rrpHMepoM BOHHhI MeJKpy COBeTCKHM COlO30M
H KHTaeM rrocpeJcTBoM JpyrHX rocynapcTB29 HeHcHo nOCTaBshy
JIHJI JIH CCCP opyJKHe BheTHaMY BO BpeMH ooeBblx neHcTBHH - B
KOHlle KOHllOB BbeTHaM H 6e3 Toro 06JIanan nOCTaTOlHhIM 3arraCOM
COBeTCKoro H aMepHKarrCKoro TpoQgteworo 0pyJKIDI PeWaIOwHM
CPaKTOPOM B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJIa COBeTCKas nHIIJIOMaTHleCKaH
nOMepJKKa XaHOIOB JeKa6pe 1978 r CoeJHHeHHble IIlTaThl rrpH3shy
HaJIH KHP ITO TaKJKe B03MOgtKH0 Cblrpano POJIb B peweHHH BbeTshy
HaMa OKKyrrHpoBaTb KaMIIyqHIO 3TO JKe npH3HaHHe rrOlTH HaBepHHshy
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IIHOMrreHH KapaTeJIhHOH 3KcneJHIIHeH Ha TeppHTOpHIO BbeTHaMa Hashy
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BoeHHhIX JeHcTBHH KHTas KpoMe Toro MocKBa nponeMOHCTPHpQshy
BaJIa nOMepJKKY XaHOSI YCHJIeHHeM B nOM paHOHe CBOHX BoeHHQshy
MOpCKHX CIDl H JHIIJIOMaTHleCKHMH rrpeJOCTepeJKeHIDIMH KHTalO
TpYJJHO YCTarrOBHTb HaCKOJIbKO KpeMJIh rrOBJIIDIJI Ha peweHHe
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B cpeBpaJIe 1979 r KaK C006WaJIOCb OKOJIO 1 TbIC BoeHHbIX COBeTshy
HHKOB H3 CCCP HaxOnIDlOCb B IOJKHOM i-teMeHe B TO BpeMH H OOJIee
500 KYOHHCKHX COBeTHHKOB YlHThIBaH CHJlhHlO 3aBHCHMOCTh
lOgtKHoro i-teMerra OT COBeTCKOH 3KOHOMHleCKOH H BoeHHoH rrOMOWH
rpYJJHO rrpenCTaBHTb 1JTOOhI aJeHcKHH peJKHM XOTH Obi He rrpOKOHshy
CyJIhTHPOBaJICSI C MOCKBOH npeJKne 1JeM npennpHHHTh ny aTaKY
Bo BCSIKOM CJIyqae rocynapCTBeHHbIH nenapTaMeHT CIIlA BhlpalIDl
rrpOTeCT rro nOBOpy POJIH COBeTCKHX BoeHHblX COBeTHHKOB B nOM
KOHcpJIHKTe BoilHa 3aBepWHJIaCb cpaBHHTeJIhHO OhICrpO OTlJaCTH
OJIaronapSI nocpeDHHleCKOH POJIH CaynoBcKOH ApaBHH a TaKJKe
BCJIeJCTBHe 3HeprHtJHOH nOMepJKKH COenHHeHHblMH IIlTaTaMH
rrpasHTeJIhcTBa i-teMeHa B CaHe
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raHHCTarre ObIJIO cBepnIyTo rrpaBHTeJIhCTBO rrpe3HJeHTa MoxaMena
llayJa H Ha cMeHy eMY rrpHWen npOCOBeTCKHH peJKHM BO maBe C
HypOM MoxaMeJOM TapaKH JIHJepOM cppaKllHH KXaJIK B HapODHOH
rrapTHH 3TH COOhITIDI rrOBJIeKJIH 3a COOOH POCT COBeTCKoro BoeHHoshy
ro rrpHcyrCTBIDI B AcpraHHCTarre PeJKHM TapaKH BhI3BaJI I1IHpOKylO
orrrr03HllHlO MYCYJIhMaHCKHX rrJIeMeH B CeJIhCKHX pmOHax CTparrhI
ITO rrorpY3IDlO AcpraHHCTarr B OJKeCT01JeHHyro rpaJKnaHCKyro BOWY
C HIOHH 1978 r 60JIhIlIHe rpyrrIIhI COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB
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CTaHU8MH COBeTcKoe rrpHcyrcTBHe rrOCTOHHHO yseJIHlHBaJIOCb
npHleM KaK coOOwaJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX cneuuashy
JIHCTOB rrOrHOJIO B pe3yJIbTaTe nOKyweHHH B rrepBhIH ron rpaJKnaHcshy
KOH BOHHbI B ceHTH6pe 1979 r rrocne Toro KaK JIeTOM rro BceH
cTparre OhIJIO OTMe1JeHO YCHJIeHHe orrrr03HllHH B DBOPllOBOH nepecTshy
peJIKe ObIJI y6HT TapaKH MeCTO KOToporo 3aHHJl XacpH3yJIJIa AMHH
3aHHMaBwHH rrpH TapaKH rrOCT rrpeMbep-MHHHcTpa XOTH AMHH
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ycyryOJIHJlaCb Bce OOJIee 01JeBH1HhIM pa3JlOJKeHHeM acpraHCKOH
58
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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lITO B 6YAYIIIeM MOCKBa CKOHlleHTpHpyeT Bce yCWIHH Ha nOllAep)l(Ke
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IIocne 1972 r SHalHTeJlbHO pacillHpHJIHCb COBeTCKHe nporshy
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54 55
fP~HCKaJI Boiiua B Aurorre BerraCb Me)l(pY TpeMH COnepHHshy
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KOTOPbIM Y CCCP cy~eCTBOBaJIH MHOrOrreTHHe CBH3H COBeTcKHe
nOCTaBKH Op~HH MUM HaqaJIHCb B aBrycTe 1974 r OllHaKO 110
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OT IIOPTYraJIHH 3TH nOCTaBKH He HOCurrH MaCCOBoro XapaKTepa
K KOHUY KOHiPrrHKTa MOCKBa nocTaBurra MIInA Boop~euuH 60shy
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nOCTaBKH OPY)l(HH HMerro pa3Me~eHHe B AHrorre Ky6HHCKux 3KCshy
ne~OHHbIX curr qHCrreHHOCTb KOTOPbIX Bcero 3a HeCKOJIbKO Meshy
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Ky6HHcKoe yqacTHe B KOHiPrrHKTe B Aurorre HaqaJIOCb Hecshy
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iPuaCKO COellHHeHHbIX IIlTaToB ~H nporpaMMa TaHHoH nOMep)l(KH
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6bIJIO He)l(erraHHe KpeMJ1H 11OnycTHTb npHMoe yqaCTHe COBeTCKUX
BOHHCKUX COellHHeHuH B BoeHHbIX 11eHCTBIUlX COBeTHHKH He B COCshy
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qaJIaCb HacTynrreHHeM COMaJIH rreTOM 1977 r COBeTcKHH COlO3
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BbICbIJIKH COBeTCKUX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H3 COMaJIH B HOH6pe
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KH Boop~eHuH B 3iPoonHlO CTOHMOCTb 3TUX nOCTaBOK 11OCTHrrra
rrpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO 1 MJIP11 11OrrrrapoB KaK 0 B Aurorre Ky6HHcKoe
BOHHCKoe COe11HHeHHH B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH qaCTH nepe6pollIeHHbIe
Ha COBeTCKUX caMorreTax CbIrpaJIO pellIaro~yro pOJIb B X011e BOHubI
MocKBa 0 faBaHa KOOP11HHHpoBarru CBOO 11eHCTBHH HaCTOJIbKO qeTshy
KO qTO HepellKo npH6bIBllIoe Ky6HHcKHe qaCTO HeMellJIeHHO norryshy
qarro COBeTCKoe 060pY110BaHHe 0 TyT )l(e oTrrpaBJlHJIOCb Ha iPPOHT
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qeM B Aurorre OllHaKO 06beM BoeHHbIX nOCTaBOK 6bIJI no~o B 3 pashy
3a 60JIbllIe 0 COBeTCKHe BoeHHbIe cnenuarrHCTbI rOpa3110 aKTHBHee
yqacTBOBaJIH B BoeHHbIX 11eHcTBHHx B 3iPHonHH qeM B Aurorre IIo
KpaiiueH Mepe 11Ba COBeTCKUX oiPuuepa BbICOKoro paura BbIJIeTerru
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MH BOCTOquOH EBPOllbI He BbI3BaJIa OTBeTHOrO BoeHHoro BMernaTeJIbshy
CTBa co CTOPOHbI 11pyrOH KpynHOH 11ep)l(aBbI IIOTepH COMaJIO B Kashy
qeCTBe COlO3HHKa 03Haqarra YTPaTy KpYIDIeHrneH COBeTCKOH BoeHHOH
6a3bI 3a npe11erraMH BapllIaBCKOrO naKTa OllHaKO 06~ HTor
Ora11eHCKOH BOHUbI OKa3aJICH BeCbMa norrO)l(HTeJIbHbIM l1J1H COBeTCshy
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56 57
BoilHe Ha BpeMH OCJIOgtKHIDlO ero OTHoweHlJH C nurOH apaOCKHX
rocynaPCTB nOMepJKHBaBWeH COMaJIH B HTOre 3TOrO KOHCPJIHKTa
3cpHOnIDI npeBpaTHJIaCh B mmegtKHorO COlO3HHKa COBeTCIWrO COI03a
3TO oOeCnelIDlO MOCKBe HOBhIH HCTOtJHHK BJIIDIHHH B paHOHe Kpacshy
HOrO MOpH H TaKHM OOpa30M 1JaCTHtJHO KOMneHCHpOBaJIO yrpashy
IeHHOe HeCKOJIhKHMH rOJaMH parree TeCHOe COTpYJJHHleCTBO C
KaHpOM B TeleHHe 18 MeCHlleB nocne rr06e)JbI 3cpHorrHH B oraJeHcKoH
BOwe COBeTCKHH COlO3 yqacTBOBaJI B Tpex KOHCPJIHKTax B TpeTbeM
MHpe B BoeHHoH oKKynallHH KaMrrylHH BheTHaMOM B rrocnenOBaBshy
weM H3-3a 3Toro KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM BbeTHaMQ-KHTaHCKOM KOHshy
cpJIHKTe H B HarraJeHHH lOgtKHoro i-teMeHa Ha i-teMeH (CTomrua Carra)
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KaK rrOCJIeJCTBHe yxoJa CIIlA H3 BheTHaMa yCIDlHBwero correpHHshy
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nyCTh H rra nepHcpepHH noro perHoHa
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IIoJI IIoTa B KOHcpJIHKTe KOTOPbIH nOMOWHHK rrpe3HJeHTa CIIlA rro
BorrpocaM HaIIHOHaJIbHOH 6e30rracHocTH 36urHeB BJKe3HHCKHH
HalBaJI rrepBbIM rrpHMepoM BOHHhI MeJKpy COBeTCKHM COlO30M
H KHTaeM rrocpeJcTBoM JpyrHX rocynapcTB29 HeHcHo nOCTaBshy
JIHJI JIH CCCP opyJKHe BheTHaMY BO BpeMH ooeBblx neHcTBHH - B
KOHlle KOHllOB BbeTHaM H 6e3 Toro 06JIanan nOCTaTOlHhIM 3arraCOM
COBeTCKoro H aMepHKarrCKoro TpoQgteworo 0pyJKIDI PeWaIOwHM
CPaKTOPOM B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJIa COBeTCKas nHIIJIOMaTHleCKaH
nOMepJKKa XaHOIOB JeKa6pe 1978 r CoeJHHeHHble IIlTaThl rrpH3shy
HaJIH KHP ITO TaKJKe B03MOgtKH0 Cblrpano POJIb B peweHHH BbeTshy
HaMa OKKyrrHpoBaTb KaMIIyqHIO 3TO JKe npH3HaHHe rrOlTH HaBepHHshy
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IIHOMrreHH KapaTeJIhHOH 3KcneJHIIHeH Ha TeppHTOpHIO BbeTHaMa Hashy
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BoeHHhIX JeHcTBHH KHTas KpoMe Toro MocKBa nponeMOHCTPHpQshy
BaJIa nOMepJKKY XaHOSI YCHJIeHHeM B nOM paHOHe CBOHX BoeHHQshy
MOpCKHX CIDl H JHIIJIOMaTHleCKHMH rrpeJOCTepeJKeHIDIMH KHTalO
TpYJJHO YCTarrOBHTb HaCKOJIbKO KpeMJIh rrOBJIIDIJI Ha peweHHe
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B cpeBpaJIe 1979 r KaK C006WaJIOCb OKOJIO 1 TbIC BoeHHbIX COBeTshy
HHKOB H3 CCCP HaxOnIDlOCb B IOJKHOM i-teMeHe B TO BpeMH H OOJIee
500 KYOHHCKHX COBeTHHKOB YlHThIBaH CHJlhHlO 3aBHCHMOCTh
lOgtKHoro i-teMerra OT COBeTCKOH 3KOHOMHleCKOH H BoeHHoH rrOMOWH
rpYJJHO rrpenCTaBHTb 1JTOOhI aJeHcKHH peJKHM XOTH Obi He rrpOKOHshy
CyJIhTHPOBaJICSI C MOCKBOH npeJKne 1JeM npennpHHHTh ny aTaKY
Bo BCSIKOM CJIyqae rocynapCTBeHHbIH nenapTaMeHT CIIlA BhlpalIDl
rrpOTeCT rro nOBOpy POJIH COBeTCKHX BoeHHblX COBeTHHKOB B nOM
KOHcpJIHKTe BoilHa 3aBepWHJIaCb cpaBHHTeJIhHO OhICrpO OTlJaCTH
OJIaronapSI nocpeDHHleCKOH POJIH CaynoBcKOH ApaBHH a TaKJKe
BCJIeJCTBHe 3HeprHtJHOH nOMepJKKH COenHHeHHblMH IIlTaTaMH
rrpasHTeJIhcTBa i-teMeHa B CaHe
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raHHCTarre ObIJIO cBepnIyTo rrpaBHTeJIhCTBO rrpe3HJeHTa MoxaMena
llayJa H Ha cMeHy eMY rrpHWen npOCOBeTCKHH peJKHM BO maBe C
HypOM MoxaMeJOM TapaKH JIHJepOM cppaKllHH KXaJIK B HapODHOH
rrapTHH 3TH COOhITIDI rrOBJIeKJIH 3a COOOH POCT COBeTCKoro BoeHHoshy
ro rrpHcyrCTBIDI B AcpraHHCTarre PeJKHM TapaKH BhI3BaJI I1IHpOKylO
orrrr03HllHlO MYCYJIhMaHCKHX rrJIeMeH B CeJIhCKHX pmOHax CTparrhI
ITO rrorpY3IDlO AcpraHHCTarr B OJKeCT01JeHHyro rpaJKnaHCKyro BOWY
C HIOHH 1978 r 60JIhIlIHe rpyrrIIhI COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB
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CTaHU8MH COBeTcKoe rrpHcyrcTBHe rrOCTOHHHO yseJIHlHBaJIOCb
npHleM KaK coOOwaJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX cneuuashy
JIHCTOB rrOrHOJIO B pe3yJIbTaTe nOKyweHHH B rrepBhIH ron rpaJKnaHcshy
KOH BOHHbI B ceHTH6pe 1979 r rrocne Toro KaK JIeTOM rro BceH
cTparre OhIJIO OTMe1JeHO YCHJIeHHe orrrr03HllHH B DBOPllOBOH nepecTshy
peJIKe ObIJI y6HT TapaKH MeCTO KOToporo 3aHHJl XacpH3yJIJIa AMHH
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ycyryOJIHJlaCb Bce OOJIee 01JeBH1HhIM pa3JlOJKeHHeM acpraHCKOH
58
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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BCJIeJCTBHe 3HeprHtJHOH nOMepJKKH COenHHeHHblMH IIlTaTaMH
rrpasHTeJIhcTBa i-teMeHa B CaHe
B arrpene 1978 r B pe3YJIbTaTe KpoBaBoro rrepeBopoTa B Acpshy
raHHCTarre ObIJIO cBepnIyTo rrpaBHTeJIhCTBO rrpe3HJeHTa MoxaMena
llayJa H Ha cMeHy eMY rrpHWen npOCOBeTCKHH peJKHM BO maBe C
HypOM MoxaMeJOM TapaKH JIHJepOM cppaKllHH KXaJIK B HapODHOH
rrapTHH 3TH COOhITIDI rrOBJIeKJIH 3a COOOH POCT COBeTCKoro BoeHHoshy
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orrrr03HllHlO MYCYJIhMaHCKHX rrJIeMeH B CeJIhCKHX pmOHax CTparrhI
ITO rrorpY3IDlO AcpraHHCTarr B OJKeCT01JeHHyro rpaJKnaHCKyro BOWY
C HIOHH 1978 r 60JIhIlIHe rpyrrIIhI COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB
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CTaHU8MH COBeTcKoe rrpHcyrcTBHe rrOCTOHHHO yseJIHlHBaJIOCb
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JIHCTOB rrOrHOJIO B pe3yJIbTaTe nOKyweHHH B rrepBhIH ron rpaJKnaHcshy
KOH BOHHbI B ceHTH6pe 1979 r rrocne Toro KaK JIeTOM rro BceH
cTparre OhIJIO OTMe1JeHO YCHJIeHHe orrrr03HllHH B DBOPllOBOH nepecTshy
peJIKe ObIJI y6HT TapaKH MeCTO KOToporo 3aHHJl XacpH3yJIJIa AMHH
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58
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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58
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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[Jepe600 JIbBa BaUHlUTeuna
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Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945shy
1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook (Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976) 174-5
2 B H JIeIiIIH COl 4 H3l1 T 31 CTp 124
3 TaM lke CTp 207-208
4 TaM lke CTp 216-217
5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of
SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan (Geneva Michael Joseph 1966)
6 Joseph E Thach JrSoviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review (August 1977) 72-82 and
Military Review (SePtember 1977) 49-56
7 RaymOnd l Garthoff SoViet Military Policy An Historical AnalYsis (New York Praeger 1966) 16
8 Adam Ulam EXpansion and Coexistenca SoViet Foreign POlicy 1917shy1973 2nd ed (New York Praeger 1974)245
9 louis Fischer Russias Road from War tl) Peace SoViet Foreign Relashytions 1917-1941 (New York Harper amp Row 1969)280
60
61
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
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6564
TaM )l(e pp 280-282 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War (New York 10
Harper amp Brothers 1961) 635-636
Opalina 6 H 90KTJltPJI 1952 r11
12 BCICope nocne BTOpoA MHpOBOA BoRHLI CranHH no cootweHHlIM Ha
BCTpeqe C rpynnoA ICHTaACKHX KOMMyHHCTOB 3aJBHlI qTO BOCCTlUfHe
B KHTae He HMeeT lllaHCOB Ha ycnex H qrO KHTaAcICHe TOBap~ nOlllKHhI
yperyJlHpoBan OTHollleHHlI c lhH KaitwH Vladimir Dedijer Tito (New
York Simon amp Schuster 1953 p 322)
Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrushshy13 chev (Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 1974130-31
14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r
15 SI PR I (CroKrOmMCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA) The Arms
Trade with the Third World (New York Humanities Press 1971) pp
188-189
16 SIPRI The Arms Trade Register (Cambridge MIT Press 1975)
17 SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments (Cambridge MIT
Press 19761 220
18 Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review
(February 1969) 64-65
19 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers
20 National Security Council memorandum No1 ony6J1HICOBaHHlgtlli B
Congressional Record May 10 1972
21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence
Relationship Since the June War (Princeton University Press 1977) xi
22 Henry Kissinger White House Years (Boston Little Brown 19791913
23 Jon D Glassman Arms for the Arabs (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univershy
sity Press 19751 131
24 Opuna 3 HHBapli 1968 r
25 CM A Iskenderov The National Liberation Movement in Our Timein The Third World Problems and Prospects Current Stages of the National
Liberation Struggle (Moscow Progress Publishers 1970) 11-43 A 1Uma erpashy
Hbl COIJHalIHCTHleCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTHleClCoro
pa3BHTHlI Me)l(JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47
26 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third
World Foreign Affairs 57 (Spring 1979 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama
A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 (October 19791 52 ff
27 A KHBa YICa3 pat CTp 38
28 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditushyres and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency
Arms Flows to LDCs - US-Soviet Comparisons 1974middot77 (Washington DC
1978 Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC US Department
of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 Special Report No 102
29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r
~ -
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GTaTlJR tPepeHija Koceza nOCBRlIeHa u36upaTelZbshyHOU petjJOpMe U BbZ60paM B BeHZpUU 1ltOTOpbZe COCT()JIshyIZUCb 8 UlOHR 1985 Z U npUBlZe1ltIZU BHUMaHue cneijuQZucshyTOB nOC1ltOlZb1ltY RBUlZUCb CBoezo pooa 31ltCnepUMeHTOM U36upaTelZbHOU PftjJOPMbZ B CTpaHax COBeTC1ltOZO Tuna
HOBbZU 3a1ltOH 0 BbZ60pax 6bZIZ npUHRT B BeHzpuu 22 Oe1lta6pR 1983 z OH COCTOUT B clZeoYlOlIeM
1) B o6R3aTelZbHoM nOpR01lte 6apoundnoTupyeTCR HeC1ltOlZb1ltO 1ltaHOUOaTOB 2) Ha MeCTaX c030alOTCR CneijUQlbHbZe 1ltOMUCCUU OIZR ynp0lleHUR U36upaTelZbHozO npoijeCca 3) nOIZUTU14eC1ltUe U zocyoapcTBeHHbze lZuoepbz U3shy6UpalOTCR B rocyoapcTBeHHoe co6paHue no oToelZbshyHOMY o6l1ezocyoapcTBeHHoMY cnUC1ltY 4) TOlZb1ltO Te 1ltaHOUOaTbz B rocyoapcTBeHHoe co6shypaHue U B MeCTHbze opzaHbZ BlZacTu 1ltOTOpbZe nolZYshy14U1ZU 1lta1lt MUHUMYM TpeTb ZOIZOCOB Ha npeoBapushyTelZbHbZX C06paHURX CTaHOBRTCR 1ltaHOUOaTaMU Ha Bbz6opax 14ro6bZ CTaTb oenYTaToM 1ltaHOUOaT OOIZshyJICeH co6paTb zOlZoca 60lZee 50 U36upaTelZeu
tPepeHij Kocez
H3BHPATEnbHAsI PECIraquoOPMA H BbIBOPbI
PyKOBOlJHTeJIH nOJIbCKOH H BeHIepCKOH KOMMHHCTlflIeCKOH naprHii (0 3TH Y3bI HCrOpHqeCKOrO 6parcrBa) gaBHO YKe IIbITllIOrshyCH nOlJpaxltarb lJpyr lJpyry qerbIpe roIJa Ha3aIJ Hpy3eJIbCKHii 06eshymaJI - B nepBYJO oqepeIlb KOHe~o ce6e a He HaPOAY - qrO BIIOJIbshyIIIe 6ylJer BocnpOH3BelJeH KaIJapoBcKHH pe)l(lM (nOlJ06HbIH roMy KoropbIH 6bIJI lJ0 HbIHeIIIHero KpH3Hca) Ho nocrre nOHBJIeHHH CoshyJIHIJapHOCTH peaJIbHbIM nOJIHTHKaM H3 BeHrepcKoH COUHaJIHCT~eCshyKOH pa60qeH napTHH npHIIIJIOCb Haqarb 6er HaneperoHKH co BpeMeshyHeM OHH peIIIHJIH lJOKa3aTh qro re pecpopMbI paIlH KoropbIx npOH30IIIJIa M06HJIH3aUHH 06mecrBeHHocrH B IIoJIbIIIe pa3yMHaH Bllacrb MO)l(er ocyrneCrBHTb lJeKperHbIM nyreM IIoMHMO npOqHX Ha~aHHii OHH peIIIHJIH pecpopMHpoBarb cHCTeMY BbI60pOB
3ra lJeKperHaH pecpopMa He CJIHllIKOM onaCHa AJIH pe)I(HMa nOCKOllbKY Ha HeH HaCraHBaJIH CpaBHHTellbHO Y3KHe HHreMeKrYaJIbshyHbIe KPyrn B pe3Yllbrare CHHIKeHHH )1(13HeHHOro ypOBHH 06mecrshyBeHHaH HeYlJoBllerBopeHHocrb KOHe~o B03poclla HO 3ro He npHshyBellO K rpe60BaHHHM pecpopM H He BbI3BaJIO lJaxlte onpelJeJIeHHO HanshypaBlleHHOrO 06meCTBeHHoro IJaBlleHHH Tpe60BaHHe peCPOPM IlHKroshyBaJIOCb raKHM 06pa30M crpaxaMH OIJHHX H CH06H3MOM lJpyrnx npelJCraBHrelleH pe)l(lMa BapIIIaBCKHH nyrq nOllO)I(HJI KOHen HaBH3shylHBbIM crpaxaM BbI3BaHHbIM co6bITHHMH B IIollbIIIe PaJpa60rKa peCPOpM npolJOll)I(aJIaCb raKHM 06PaJOM B pe3Yllbrare HHepIJHH HanyraHHOrO annapara a TaK)I(e H3-3a roro qrO B 3KOHOMHKe nposhylJOll)l(aJICH 3acroH CropoHHHKOB peCPOPM nO)JTaJIKHBaJIO eme H ro qrO llarepb npOTHBHHKOB peCPOPM yKpennHJ1CH
6564
OT PEaAKaHH
GTaTlJR tPepeHija Koceza nOCBRlIeHa u36upaTelZbshyHOU petjJOpMe U BbZ60paM B BeHZpUU 1ltOTOpbZe COCT()JIshyIZUCb 8 UlOHR 1985 Z U npUBlZe1ltIZU BHUMaHue cneijuQZucshyTOB nOC1ltOlZb1ltY RBUlZUCb CBoezo pooa 31ltCnepUMeHTOM U36upaTelZbHOU PftjJOPMbZ B CTpaHax COBeTC1ltOZO Tuna
HOBbZU 3a1ltOH 0 BbZ60pax 6bZIZ npUHRT B BeHzpuu 22 Oe1lta6pR 1983 z OH COCTOUT B clZeoYlOlIeM
1) B o6R3aTelZbHoM nOpR01lte 6apoundnoTupyeTCR HeC1ltOlZb1ltO 1ltaHOUOaTOB 2) Ha MeCTaX c030alOTCR CneijUQlbHbZe 1ltOMUCCUU OIZR ynp0lleHUR U36upaTelZbHozO npoijeCca 3) nOIZUTU14eC1ltUe U zocyoapcTBeHHbze lZuoepbz U3shy6UpalOTCR B rocyoapcTBeHHoe co6paHue no oToelZbshyHOMY o6l1ezocyoapcTBeHHoMY cnUC1ltY 4) TOlZb1ltO Te 1ltaHOUOaTbz B rocyoapcTBeHHoe co6shypaHue U B MeCTHbze opzaHbZ BlZacTu 1ltOTOpbZe nolZYshy14U1ZU 1lta1lt MUHUMYM TpeTb ZOIZOCOB Ha npeoBapushyTelZbHbZX C06paHURX CTaHOBRTCR 1ltaHOUOaTaMU Ha Bbz6opax 14ro6bZ CTaTb oenYTaToM 1ltaHOUOaT OOIZshyJICeH co6paTb zOlZoca 60lZee 50 U36upaTelZeu
tPepeHij Kocez
H3BHPATEnbHAsI PECIraquoOPMA H BbIBOPbI
PyKOBOlJHTeJIH nOJIbCKOH H BeHIepCKOH KOMMHHCTlflIeCKOH naprHii (0 3TH Y3bI HCrOpHqeCKOrO 6parcrBa) gaBHO YKe IIbITllIOrshyCH nOlJpaxltarb lJpyr lJpyry qerbIpe roIJa Ha3aIJ Hpy3eJIbCKHii 06eshymaJI - B nepBYJO oqepeIlb KOHe~o ce6e a He HaPOAY - qrO BIIOJIbshyIIIe 6ylJer BocnpOH3BelJeH KaIJapoBcKHH pe)l(lM (nOlJ06HbIH roMy KoropbIH 6bIJI lJ0 HbIHeIIIHero KpH3Hca) Ho nocrre nOHBJIeHHH CoshyJIHIJapHOCTH peaJIbHbIM nOJIHTHKaM H3 BeHrepcKoH COUHaJIHCT~eCshyKOH pa60qeH napTHH npHIIIJIOCb Haqarb 6er HaneperoHKH co BpeMeshyHeM OHH peIIIHJIH lJOKa3aTh qro re pecpopMbI paIlH KoropbIx npOH30IIIJIa M06HJIH3aUHH 06mecrBeHHocrH B IIoJIbIIIe pa3yMHaH Bllacrb MO)l(er ocyrneCrBHTb lJeKperHbIM nyreM IIoMHMO npOqHX Ha~aHHii OHH peIIIHJIH pecpopMHpoBarb cHCTeMY BbI60pOB
3ra lJeKperHaH pecpopMa He CJIHllIKOM onaCHa AJIH pe)I(HMa nOCKOllbKY Ha HeH HaCraHBaJIH CpaBHHTellbHO Y3KHe HHreMeKrYaJIbshyHbIe KPyrn B pe3Yllbrare CHHIKeHHH )1(13HeHHOro ypOBHH 06mecrshyBeHHaH HeYlJoBllerBopeHHocrb KOHe~o B03poclla HO 3ro He npHshyBellO K rpe60BaHHHM pecpopM H He BbI3BaJIO lJaxlte onpelJeJIeHHO HanshypaBlleHHOrO 06meCTBeHHoro IJaBlleHHH Tpe60BaHHe peCPOPM IlHKroshyBaJIOCb raKHM 06pa30M crpaxaMH OIJHHX H CH06H3MOM lJpyrnx npelJCraBHrelleH pe)l(lMa BapIIIaBCKHH nyrq nOllO)I(HJI KOHen HaBH3shylHBbIM crpaxaM BbI3BaHHbIM co6bITHHMH B IIollbIIIe PaJpa60rKa peCPOpM npolJOll)I(aJIaCb raKHM 06PaJOM B pe3Yllbrare HHepIJHH HanyraHHOrO annapara a TaK)I(e H3-3a roro qrO B 3KOHOMHKe nposhylJOll)l(aJICH 3acroH CropoHHHKOB peCPOPM nO)JTaJIKHBaJIO eme H ro qrO llarepb npOTHBHHKOB peCPOPM yKpennHJ1CH
6564