BOWIE STATE UNIVERSITY FINE AND PERFORMING ARTS CENTER · 2018-10-10 · Design Conditions The outdoor design conditions for the BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center are based off

BOWIE STATE

UNIVERSITY FINE AND PERFORMING ARTS

CENTER

Final Report

Zack Lippert – Mechanical

Advisor: Steve Treado

Location: Bowie, MD

April 4th, 2012

Bowie State University Fine and Performing Arts Center | Zack Lippert | Mechanical Option

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Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 5

Building Overview and Existing Conditions .................................................................................... 6

Electrical/Lighting System ........................................................................................................... 6

Structural System ........................................................................................................................ 6

Construction ................................................................................................................................ 7

Sustainability Features ................................................................................................................ 7

Transportation System ................................................................................................................ 7

Existing Mechanical System Summary............................................................................................ 7

Design Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 7

Existing Design ............................................................................................................................. 7

Site and Mechanical Systems Cost .................................................................................................. 8

Design Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 9

Design Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 9

Energy Sources and Rates ............................................................................................................. 10

Environmental Impact ............................................................................................................... 11

Energy Analysis Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 11

Systems Operation and Schematics .............................................................................................. 11

Air Side .................................................................................................................................. 11

Water Side ............................................................................................................................. 12

Existing Mechanical System LEED Analysis ................................................................................... 13

Energy and Atmosphere ....................................................................................................... 14

Indoor Environmental Quality .............................................................................................. 16

Proposed Redesign Overview ....................................................................................................... 19

Depth One: Ground Source Heat Pump ........................................................................................ 21

Soil Type ................................................................................................................................ 21

Calculations ............................................................................................................................... 21

Bore Length ........................................................................................................................... 21

Well Field Layout ................................................................................................................... 23


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Pipe and Pump Sizing ............................................................................................................ 24

Energy Model ........................................................................................................................ 30

Depth Two: Underfloor Air Distribution ....................................................................................... 30

Lighting Breadth ............................................................................................................................ 32

Construction Management Breadth ............................................................................................. 35

Redesign Cost and Energy Analysis ............................................................................................... 37

Ground Source Heat Pump ................................................................................................... 37

References .................................................................................................................................... 41

Appendix A: Illuminance Value ..................................................................................................... 43

Appendix B: Commissioning Prefunctional Tests ......................................................................... 45


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Executive Summary

This report investigates the proposed redesign to the Bowie State University Fine and

Performing Arts Center with a focus on reducing the building’s energy consumption. The

building uses a variable air volume system to supply and distribute air to the various spaces.

The air is conditioned by an air cooled chiller and two gas fired boilers. The building is a mixed

use building that contains offices, classrooms, workshops, recital halls and auditoriums.

The first proposed redesign to the mechanical system was incorporating a ground source heat

pump. A large effort was placed on analyzing whether or not a ground source heat pump would

be an effective way to reduce the use of fossil fuels and lower the yearly utility costs. The

system was sized to be able to completely handle both the heating and cooling loads enabling it

to operate year round.

The second change to the mechanical system was the use of an underfloor air distribution

system for the large volume spaces including the auditoriums and recital halls. The underfloor

air distribution lessens the load on the cooling equipment by allowing the supply air to be

delivered at a warmer temperature. A year round analysis was done to determine if the overall

system was more or less efficient.

A lighting analysis was also done to determine if electricity could be saved by using more

efficient luminaires and lamps. Also, occupancy sensors were investigated to determine if they

would be useful in significantly reducing the building’s electricity consumption. All of these

redesigns added to the complexity of the building during both the construction and operating

phases of the project, therefore the commissioning plan was updated to include the redesigns.

Installation and operating costs were analyzed to determine if the proposed systems would

have a reasonable payback period. The ground source heat pump and the underfloor air

distribution did not save enough energy to recover the additional upfront costs and therefore

were not recommended to be used. The lighting redesign and the occupancy sensors both saw

substantial energy savings and would pay for themselves in a reasonable amount of time.


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Building Overview and Existing Conditions

Bowie State University’s new Fine and Performing Arts Center is a 123,000 square foot mixed

use building that contains both a 400 and 200-seat theatre, a recital hall, class rooms, offices,

an art gallery, a large atrium and workshops for creating scenery and costumes. The north side

of the building has a large expanse of glass with different colored panes spaced in a pattern to

look like sheet music. The numerous acoustical considerations have made this a wonderful

building to enjoy musical and theatrical performances. Figure 1 shows the layout of the

building. The north section, highlighted in blue, is three stories filled with classrooms and

administrative offices. The south section, highlighted in red, houses the large performance

spaces.

Figure 1: Building Layout

Electrical/Lighting System

The lighting fixtures use fluorescent lamps for the classroom and office areas, and the theatres

have a mix of metal halides and halogens. The electrical system is fed from the main campus

distribution system into a 3000 kVA main transformer. There is a 250 kW gas-powered

generator that serves the emergency lighting.

Structural System

It is a reinforced concrete building with a mix of one-way and two-way slab systems sitting on

CMU bearing walls. However, the upper-level seating in the large theater is structural steel and

the floor is composite slab on metal deck.


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Construction

The construction manager for this project was Holder Construction Company. The project

delivery method was a traditional Design-Bid-Build format. Construction began in October 2009

and finished two years later in October of 2011 at a cost of roughly $79 million.

Sustainability Features

Energy efficient lighting was a large part of this project. Energy efficient luminaires and lamps

were used throughout the building. The large two story atrium uses skylights to bring natural

light into the center of the building. The north side of the buildings has a large expanse of glass

to bring daylight into the class rooms and offices.

Transportation System

There are two elevators that serve all floors of the north half of the building. The main theater

has two small elevators that bring people and scenery from the storage areas to the stage.

Existing Mechanical System Summary

Design Objectives

There were several design objectives for the mechanical systems in this building. All of the

spaces had to be provided with adequate ventilation air as required by ASHRAE standards. Also,

the spaces needed to be kept at a certain temperature and humidity to keep the occupants

comfortable, and a good indoor air quality was important as well. All of these objectives were

to be obtained while minimizing the operating costs of the system. The performing spaces

posed a challenge to occupant comfort because there are two groups of people in the same

space; the performers, who would be moving, and exerting energy and the crowd who would

be stationary for the extent of the performances.

Existing Design

There are 3 MAUs with enthalpy wheels that provide ventilation air to the 16 AHUs, which

provide conditioned air to the building through VAV systems. There are two 1,712 MBH gas-

fired boilers and one 305 ton air cooled chiller on site. Tables 1 and 2 show the size and the

area that each AHU and MAU serves.


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Unit Area Served Min OA (CFM) Enthalpy Wheel

MAU-1 AHUs-1, 3, 9 9500 Yes

MAU-2 AHUs-2, 7, 10, 14 9030 Yes

MAU-3 AHUs-8, 11, 12 17400 Yes

Table 1: Mixed Air Units

Unit Area Served CFM Min OA (CFM)

Enthalpy Wheel

AHU-1 Main Theater 7000 4000 No

AHU-2 Recital Hall 4850 3700 No

AHU-3 Main Stage 3750 2900 No

AHU-4 Black Box Theater 6200 3500 Yes

AHU-5 Movement Studio 4200 1800 No

AHU-6 Choral Room 1950 900 No

AHU-7 Instrument Ensemble 2700 2700 No

AHU-8 Art Gallery 4500 2900 No

AHU-9 2nd Floor, East 6185 2600 No

AHU-10 2nd Floor, Lobby & Lounge 5500 2250 No

AHU-11 North Wing 1st Floor 9300 4000 No

AHU-12 North Wing 2nd & 3rd Floor 19800 10500 No

AHU-13 West Offices 1900 475 No

AHU-14 Instructional Offices 800 380 No

AHU-15 1st Floor Electrical Room 1600 30 No

AHU-16 3rd Floor Electrical Room 1700 0 No

Table 2: Air Handling Units

Site and Mechanical Systems Cost

There was no upfront cost for the site in this project because it was already own by the

university and it not being used.

The total cost of the mechanical system for this project was $6,781,479 which represents 8.6%

of the overall project cost. For this project, the cost per square foot for the mechanical system

is $55/SF. The majority of this price came from the installation, labor and materials for the

ducts, pipes and wiring. Table 3 shows a breakdown of the overall cost.


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Description of Work

Cost

General $1,370,000.00

Major Equipment $2,039,950.00

Installation, Labor and Materials $2,885,050.00

Change Orders $486,479.00

Total $6,781,479.00

Table 3: Mechanical System Costs

Design Conditions

The outdoor design conditions for the BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center are based off of

climate data in the 2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals from Baltimore, Maryland which is

only thirty miles away from Bowie. Table 4 shows the design temperatures used.

Design Outside Air Temperatures

Dry Bulb Wet Bulb

Summer 91°F 77 °F

Winter 13°F N/A

Table 4: Design OA Temperatures

Design Requirements Ventilation

The BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center requirements for ventilation are defined by ASHRAE

Standard 62.1. The purpose of Standard 62.1 is to set minimum ventilation standards to ensure

that the HVAC systems provide enough outdoor air to increase occupant comfort and well-

being. The amount of ventilation air that is required is based on occupancy, room type and

room area. All of the AHUs for this building were calculated and found to be providing adequate

CFM of outside air.

Heating and Cooling Loads

A Trane Trace model was created for the second technical report to determine the heating and

cooling loads. The results from the load calculations compared to the actual designed values

are provided in Table 5. The peak heating and cooling loads from the Trace calculations are

both much less than the equipment in the building is sized for. An attempt to get the designer’s

load calculations was made but at the time of the publication, they were unavailable.


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Peak Heating (MBH)

Peak Cooling (tons)

Supply Air (cfm)

Ventilation Air (cfm)

BSU Trace Model 749.3 211.3 95,012 23,777

BSU Designed 3424 304.9 81,635 42,635

Table 5: Load Calculation Results vs. Actual Design Conditions

Energy Sources and Rates

The rates that were used for the cost estimate were obtained from Baltimore Gas and Electric

(BGE). The rates were used to determine the monthly energy cost for both gas and electric.

Figure 2 shows the total monthly energy cost broken up into electric and gas. The electric

clearly dominates the total monthly costs.

Rate Demand

Natural Gas $0.20/therm N/A

Electricity $0.0927/kWh $3.95/kW

Table 6: Energy Rates

Figure 2: Monthly Utility Costs


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Environmental Impact

An environmental impact analysis was performed as well. Table 7 has the result, showing the

total value for the entire year. It considers three greenhouse gases; CO2, SO2 and NOX.

Environmental Impact

CO2 1,035,798 lbm/year

SO2 8,840 gm/year

NOX 1,872 gm/year

Table 7: Environmental Impact Analysis

Energy Analysis Conclusion

The total amount of energy that the BSU Fine and Performing Arts building uses is 2.73 million

kBTU/year. The natural gas is mainly used for the boiler which provides hot water to the

heating coils. Therefore the natural gas consumption peaks in the winter when heating is

needed. Likewise, the electricity consumption peaked in the summer when the chiller was

working the hardest. The cost analysis showed that the yearly cost for energy in the building is

just under $68,000. The vast majority of the cost comes from electricity which accounts for not

only cooling, but also the lights, receptacles and equipment.

Systems Operation and Schematics

Air Side

The rooms are conditioned through a VAV system. Ventilation air is brought into the space

through 3 make-up air units (MAUs). The air is preconditioned by enthalpy wheels that in

heating mode take heat and moisture from the return air and transfers it to the supply air.

During cooling mode it takes the heat and moisture from the supply air and rejects it to the

exhaust air. The MAUs have heating and cooling coils to further condition the air. Fans with

variable frequency drives (VFDs) then send the air to the AHUs where it is mixed with the return

air and heated or cooled to needs of the specific spaces that it will be conditioning. The AHUs

also have VFDs which are used to distribute the air to the spaces through VAV boxes. Some

spaces have fan powered VAV boxes while others have damper controlled VAV boxes. All of the

VAV boxes have electric reheat coils to bring the supply air temperatures up to the required

supply temperature. All of the space conditioning is controlled by a direct digital control

system. All of the MAUs, AHUs, and VAVs have numerous sensors including pressure,

temperature and humidity sensors.


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Water Side

The chilled water is cooled by an air cooled chiller located on the side of the building. It is then

pumped to the coiling coils in the MAUs and AHUs by four variable speed pumps. Figure 3

shows the chilled water schematic for the building. The heating hot water is provided by two

natural gas fired boilers. The heating hot water is set up in a similar manner to the chilled water

system. Four variable speed pumps provide the AHUs and MAUs with the hot water they need.

A schematic of the heating hot water system can be seen in Figure 4.

Figure 3: Chilled Water Schematic

P-2 P-4

P-3 P-1


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Figure 4: Heating Hot Water Schematic

Existing Mechanical System LEED Analysis

The Bowie State University Fine and Performing Arts Center did not apply for LEED Certification

and therefore there is no LEED Scorecard for the building. However, an analysis of the points

P-10

P-8

P-9

P-7


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relating to the mechanical systems has been provided below. The sections looked at for this

report are “Energy and Atmosphere” and “Indoor Environmental Quality”.

Energy and Atmosphere

EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems

This prerequisite requires the building to be commissioned by a Commissioning Authority (CxA)

that has at least 2 years of experience, and that the commissioning process be well

documented and reported. This project was commissioned by Eaton Corporation. Therefore

this building meets this prerequisite.

EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance

This prerequisite is included to ensure buildings are using energy efficiently. It requires that the

building complies with ASHRAE 90.1-2004. In Technical Report 1, an in depth analysis of the

building’s compliance with ASHRAE 90.1 was performed and found it to meet all of the

requirements.

EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management

This prerequisite is intended to ensure that buildings do no cause ozone depletion by using CFC-

based refrigerants. The BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center used all new HVAC equipment

that was specified to not have CFC refrigerants.

EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance

This credit is designed to encourage buildings to be increasingly energy efficient. It can earn a

LEED score of 1-10 points and there are 3 options for getting point. The first option is a whole

building energy simulation with the results compared to the baseline building that complies

with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004. Option 2 is only for office buildings under 20,000 square feet

which makes it not an option for this building. Option 3 only allows the building to receive 1

point and it requires it to comply with all applicable criteria for the Advanced Buildings

Benchmark for that particular climate zone. A whole building energy simulation was not

performed for this building and therefore the points from this credit cannot be determined at

this time.

EA Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy

This credit is intended to reduce the impact associated with fossil fuel energy use. It requires

the building to use on-site renewable energy. The building can be awarded one to three points

based on what percent of the building’s total energy use is offset by renewable energy. The BSU


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Fine and Performing Arts Center does not have any on-site renewable energy systems and

therefore it would receive zero points for this credit.

EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning

The purpose of this credit is to get the Commissioning Authority involved early in the design

process and continue after the performance verification is completed. This credit requires that

a CxA be selected before the construction document phase and that authority continue

reviewing building operation within 10 months after substantial completion with the building

staff. Also, the CxA must review the owner’s project requirements, basis of design and design

documents. The BSU project did not include the CxA until later in the design process and thus

would not receive a point for this credit.

EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management

This credit is intended to reduce the building’s impact on depleting the ozone and minimize

global warming caused by refrigeration chemicals. This credit has two options. The first is

simply, do not use refrigerants. The second option is more complex and has several equations

to determine if a refrigerant meets the necessary requirements. This building uses R-407C from

the ASHRAE Standard 34 code which complies with this credit. This project would receive 1

point for this credit.

EA Credit 5: Measurement & Verification

This credit ensures that the building continues to operate as it was designed for at least a year.

It requires that a measurement and verification (M&V) plan be created in accordance with the

International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol. An M&V plan was created for

this project and is currently in use. Therefore, this building would receive one point for this

credit.

EA Credit 6: Green Power

The purpose of this credit is to encourage the owners to invest in grid-source renewable energy

technologies. In order to obtain the one point for this credit, 35% of the building’s electricity

must come from renewable resources in at least a two year contract.


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Indoor Environmental Quality

EQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ Performance

This credit is used to establish a minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) for the building. In order to

meet this prerequisite the building must meet the requirements for the ASHRAE 62.1-2004

Standard. Technical Report 1 did an in depth analysis on Standard 62.1 and found the building

to be in compliance with the standard.

EQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Tobacco smoke is terrible for IAQ; therefore this prerequisite is intended to minimize the

amount of smoke in the building. There are two options for commercial buildings to meet this

prerequisite. The first is to prohibit smoking in the building and up to 25 feet away from doors,

operable windows and outdoor air intakes. The second option is to have designated smoking

rooms that are exhausted directly outside. The BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center is in

compliance by prohibiting smoking in and around the building.

EQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

The purpose of this credit is to ensure the comfort of the occupants in the space by monitoring

the ventilation system. To receive a point for this credit, the building must have permanently

installed monitoring system for ventilation and carbon dioxide detectors. If the levels vary by

10% of what the system was designed for an alarm must signal the building operator. This

building has a BACnet control system with CO2 sensors and ventilation monitoring, therefore it

would get one point for this credit.

EQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation

This credit is intended improve IAQ by increasing outdoor air ventilation. In order to receive a

point for this credit the building must exceed ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 by 30%. The BSU

project did exceed the minimum standards but it did not reach the 30% required and

consequently they would receive no points for this credit.

EQ Credit 3.1: Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction

The purpose of this credit is to improve IAQ during construction to keep the construction

workers and occupants safe and comfortable. An IAQ management plan must be developed

and implemented for the construction and pre-occupancy stages. The plan must meet the IAQ

guidelines from the SMACNA control measures. Also, all absorptive materials must be

protected from moisture and all AHUs must have filters with a MERV of 8.


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EQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy

The purpose of this credit is to improve IAQ during construction to keep the construction

workers and occupants safe and comfortable. The IAQ management plan must include

measures to make sure the building is good to occupy after construction. To get the point for

this credit the building can either be flushed out or air testing can be done.

EQ Credit 4.1: Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants

This credit is designed to reduce the amount of contaminants in the building and increase the

comfort and well-being of the occupants. This credit requires that all sealants and adhesives

used on the interior of the building have VOC levels lower that the limits specified in the South

Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168 and Green Seal Standards.

EQ Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings


comfort and well-being of the occupants. In order to get the one point for this credit, all paints

and coatings must have a VOC content lower than that allowed by the SCAQMD and Green Seal

Standards.

EQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials: Carpet Systems


comfort and well-being of the occupants. In order to get the one point for this credit, all carpets

and cushions must meet the requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus

program.

EQ Credit 4.4: Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products


comfort and well-being of the occupants. In order to get the one point for this credit, all

composite wood and agrifiber cannot contain added urea-formaldehyde resin.

EQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control

The purpose of this credit is to reduce the amount of exposure that the occupants have to

chemical and other potentially hazardous particulates. To get a point for this credit, entryways

must have a system for preventing dirt and particulates from entering the building. Also, areas

with hazardous gases and chemicals must be negatively pressurized so that they cannot spread

to other parts of the building. Lastly, the mechanical system must have a filtration rate of MERV


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13 or better. The BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center meets the first two criteria for this credit

but the filtration system uses MERV 7 filters. Therefore this project would receive no points for

this credit.

EQ Credit 6.1: Controllability of Systems: Lighting

This credit is included to promote productivity and comfort for the occupants of the building. At

least 90% of the building occupants must be able to adjust the lighting in the space to suit their

own needs or the needs of a group. This building has multiple lighting options for group spaces

like classrooms and conference rooms, and the offices have overhead lighting and task lighting

on the desks. Therefore this project meets the requirements for the one point awarded for this

credit.

EQ Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort

The purpose of this credit is to increase occupant comfort and productivity by providing the

occupants with the ability to control the temperature of the spaces. In order to get the point for

this credit, a minimum of 50% of the building must have comfort controls or operable windows.

The BSU project does not meet these requirements because the offices and large performance

spaces cannot be individually changed by the occupants.

EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort: Design

This credit is designed to ensure the comfort and well-being of the occupants. To get a point for

this credit, the HVAC system must be designed in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.

This building was design to the specifications of this stand and as a result would receive a point

for this credit.

EQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort: Verification

This credit verifies that the system is operating the way it was intended when it was designed.

To receive this point, a thermal comfort survey of building occupants must be given 6-18

months after the building is first occupied. If 20% or more of the occupants are uncomfortable,

corrective action must be taken.

EQ Credit 8.1: Daylight & Views: Daylight 75% of Spaces

This credit is designed to connect the indoor spaces with the outside through daylighting and

views of outside. There are three options for obtaining the one point for this credit. The first

option is calculation based, and it shows that at least 75% of the regularly occupied spaces have

sufficient glazing. The second option is to demonstrate through computer simulation that 75%


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of the building receives 25 footcandles or more from daylight. The third option is measuring the

footcandles over a ten foot grid for all occupied spaces. For 75% of the building 25 footcandles

must be observed. The BSU building has a large glass curtain wall and sky lights throughout the

building. The spaces without windows are performance spaces and not regularly occupied so

they would be excluded from the calculations. Therefore this building would receive this point.

EQ Credit 8.2: Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces

This credit is designed to connect the indoor spaces with the outside through daylighting and

views of outside. To get this point 90% of all regularly occupied spaces must have a direct line

of site to the outdoor environment via glazing between 2’6” and 7’6” above the finished floor.

The BSU project does not meet these requirements and would not receive a point for this

credit.

Proposed Redesign Overview

In order to reduce the amount of energy that the mechanical system uses, a vertical loop

ground source heat pump and an underfloor air distribution system have been proposed.

The GSHP will reduce the amount of energy that the chiller and boilers need to condition the

building. Depending on the size of the GSHP system, it could replace the chiller and boilers

altogether. The GSHP requires a lot of nearby land to reject and absorb heat from the ground.

The vertical loop proposed requires 250 to 300 sf/ton. The site has plenty of unused land

surrounding the building which could be used for the GSHP as shown in Figure 5. The GSHP will

significantly increase the upfront cost of the project but using it for both cooling and heating

will greatly reduce the monthly utilities cost for both electricity and natural gas.


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Figure 5: Aerial View of Site

(Image courtesy of Google Maps)

The UFAD system will allow the occupants of the large volume spaces such as the theaters and

dance studios to be more comfortable and the systems can provide higher temperature air to

the spaces. Since the air needs to be warmer to keep the occupants comfortable the

mechanical system can save energy on conditioning the air for these spaces. Also, since the air

reaches the occupants first, the heat generated by the lighting and other electrical equipment

will have less effect on the space.

The energy model referenced earlier showed that over half of the electricity consumption in

the building is from lighting. The lighting system for the north section of the building will be

redesigned with an emphasis on energy efficiency. The south section will be omitted from the

redesign because the performance spaces need special lighting for artistic and aesthetical

reasons. The redesign will use energy efficient lamps, ballasts and occupancy sensors. After the

design is done, an energy model will be created to determine if the payback period is

acceptable.

The addition of the ground source heat pump and underfloor air distribution system will greatly

affect the testing and commissioning of the building. As a construction breadth, a plan for


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testing and commissioning these systems will be created. Also, the existing testing and

commissioning requirements will be looked at to see if they can be simplified.

Depth One: Ground Source Heat Pump

Soil Type

The objective of this ground source heat pump is to replace both the boilers and chiller in the

existing design. In order to determine the size of the system the ground conditions and soil type

needs to be determined. Normally borehole testing and a thorough analysis of the soil would

be completed. Unfortunately this process is very expensive and therefore was not used for this

report. Instead a geologic map (see Figure 6) of the area was obtained from the Maryland

Geological Survey Program. The site of this project is represented by the gold star in Figure XX

and is located on Cretaceous ground which consists of sand, gravel, silt and clay. Of the soils

listed in the 2011 ASHRAE Handbook--HVAC Applications, cretaceous ground most closely

resembles light sand, 15% water and therefore these values were used. It was also found that

the ground temperature averaged to approximately 55 °F which is the value used for this

report.

Figure 6: Geological Map of Maryland

Calculations

Bore Length

In order to correctly calculate the length of bores needed to condition the building year round,

the process detailed in chapter 34 of the 2011 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications. The

following equation calculates the necessary length of the bores to achieve the desired heating


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or cooling capacity. The equation was used twice, once to determine the length needed for

cooling and once for the heating. Table XX shows the values used in the equation.

Fsc = short-circuit heat loss factor

L = required bore length [ft]

PLFm = part-load factor during design month

qa = net annual average heat transfer to ground [Btu/h]

ql = building design block load [Btu/h]

Rga = effective thermal resistance of ground (daily pulse) [ft*h*°F/Btu]

Rgd = effective thermal resistance of ground (peak daily pulse) [ft*h*°F/Btu]

Rgm = effective thermal resistance of ground (monthly pulse) [ft*h*°F/Btu]

Rb = thermal resistance of bore [ft*h*°F/Btu] tg = undisturbed ground temperature [°F] tp = temperature penalty for interference of adjacent bores [°F] twi = liquid temperature at heat pump inlet [°F] two = liquid temperature at heat pump outlet [°F] W = system power input at design load [W]


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Variable Value Units

Fsc 1.06

qa 1618500 Btu/h

qlc 2451600 Btu/h

qlh 833100 Btu/h

Rga 0.345 ft*h*°F /Btu

Rgd 0.2 ft*h*°F /Btu

Rgm 0.309 ft*h*°F /Btu

Rb 0.1 ft*h*°F /Btu

tg 55 °F

tp 1.8 °F

twi 55 °F

two 67 °F

Wc 38166 btu/hr

Wh 5089 btu/hr

PLFm 1

Table 8: Values for Bore Length Calculation

Well Field Layout

It was determined that the BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center needs 277,259 ft. to meet the

cooling load. Looking at the space available the best configuration was a grid of seventeen rows

of thirty bores spaced twenty feet apart for a total of 510 bores at a depth of 544 ft. A diagram

of the layout can be seen in Figure 7.


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Figure 7: GSHP Well Field Layout

Pipe and Pump Sizing

Before the pipes and pump could be sized several decision about the bores and the system had

to be decided. The U-tube diameter was determined to be 1” and the bore diameter was

selected to be 6” to get a thermal resistance value of .1 which works well for this layout. This

value was taken from table 6 of the 2011 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications. It was also

decided that there would be one bore per loop and the flow would be 2 gpm/ton. With 2

gpm/ton the total gpm for the system came out to 409 gpm. This number was used in

conjunction with Figure 8 to determine the diameter of the header to be 5”.


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Figure 8: Friction Loss Due to Flow of Water

The head loss for the longest run was calculated in order to size the pump. In order to fine the

total head loss, first the total length of the longest run, which was to AHU-12, was calculated

and found to be 2553 ft. The resistance coefficient for each fixture was calculated by

multiplying a constant (based on the type of fitting) by the friction factor (ft) of the pipe size.

The friction factor was found using Figure 9. Five inch pipe was used for the header and one

inch pipe was used for the U-loops in the bores.


26

Figure 9: Friction Factors for Nominal Size Pipes

The types of fittings needed for this system were 90° elbows, “T” through run and “T” through

branch. For the 5” pipe, the resistance coefficient for the 90° elbow was found to be .48, the

“T” through run is .32 and the “T” through branch is .96. Then the equivalent length for each

fitting was calculated by using Figure 10. (The example shown is for a 90° turn.) The equivalent

length for the 90° turns is 13 ft., the “T” through run is 9 ft. and the “T” through branch is 27 ft.

The equivalent length for each fitting was multiplied by the total number of fittings in each

section and then added to the length of straight pipe to get the total length. Finally it was

multiplied by the head loss per 100 feet found in Figure 8. The results of these calculations for

the 5” pipe can be found in Figure XX. The same calculations were run for the 1” pipe but

because the flow rate is so low the head loss is negligible.


27

Figure 10: Equivalent Length of Fittings


28

Section Length GPM Pipe Head Loss

90° Turn

“T” Run “T” Branch

Total Head Loss

1 1393 408.6 2.8 11 43.008

2 40 394.98 2.6 1 1.274

3 40 381.36 2.2 1 1.078

4 40 367.74 1.8 1 0.882

5 40 354.12 1.6 1 0.784

6 40 340.5 1.5 1 0.735

7 40 326.88 1.3 1 0.637

8 40 313.26 1.2 1 0.588

9 40 299.64 1.1 1 0.539

10 40 286.02 1 1 0.49

11 40 272.4 0.9 1 0.441

12 40 258.78 0.8 1 0.392

13 40 245.16 0.8 1 0.392

14 40 231.54 0.7 1 0.343

15 40 217.92 0.7 1 0.343

16 40 204.3 0.7 1 0.343

17 40 190.68 0.65 1 0.3185

18 40 177.06 0.6 1 0.294

19 40 163.44 0.5 1 0.245

20 40 149.82 0 1 0

21 40 136.2 0 1 0

22 40 122.58 0 1 0

23 40 108.96 0 1 0

24 40 95.34 0 1 0

25 40 81.72 0 1 0

26 40 68.1 0 1 0

27 40 54.48 0 1 0

28 40 40.86 0 1 0

29 40 27.24 0 1 0

30 40 13.62 0 2 0

Total 2553 408.6 11 28 2 53.1265

Table 9: Total Head Loss Calculations for 5” Pipe

The total head loss comes out to 54 ft of water. It was found that the Bell and Gossett series

1510 was capable of operating under the required conditions and so the head loss and system

gpm were plotted on Figure 11 to determine which pump would be used. A 1750 RPM pump

labeled 2½ BB was selected. The total system head and gpm were plotted on the 2½ BB pump


29

curve in Figure 12. It was determined that the pump is approximately 63% efficient and a 10

horsepower pump is required.

Figure 11: Bell and Gossett 60 Hertz Performance Curve


30

Figure 12: Bell and Gossett Series 1510 Pump 2.5 BB Pump Curve

Energy Model

Earlier in this report the energy consumption and utilities costs of the existing system were

calculated using Trane Trace 700. Therefore, the ground source heat pump was also model in

Trace so that the two could be compared. The weather information, the templates and the

rooms from the existing energy model were reused to start the new model with the GSHP so

that everything was held constant except for the cooling and heating system. The AHUs from

the existing system were changed to water source heat pumps and the heating and cooling

plants were changed to ground source heat pumps with the system values determine above. An

analysis of the results is detailed later in this report in the Redesign Cost and Energy Analysis

section.

Depth Two: Underfloor Air Distribution

An underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system was analyzed to determine possible energy

savings. UFAD system have potential for energy savings because conditioned air is supplied

directly to where the occupants are, therefore it can be provided at a higher temperature and

still keep the occupants comfortable. For this project the supply air is brought to the space at

63°F. Another potential savings comes from the reduced duct length that results in not having


31

to run the ducts to the ceiling. The short duct length creates less pressure loss and therefore

the fans can use less energy. Also, less ductwork is less expensive to install.

The system was modeled in Trace and compared to the baseline model of the existing system.

The weather, templates and rooms were all copied from the baseline model to ensure any

energy changes were solely the result of the UFAD system. The AHUs serving the offices,

classrooms and the atrium were also copied from the existing model because those areas are

not being changed. The UFAD system was modeled to replace the overhead air diffusers in the

large volume spaces like the auditorium and recital halls. AHUs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were all

changed from variable air volume with overhead discharge to UFAD with parallel fan powered

VAV’s. A typical UFAD with parallel fan powered VAV’s is diagramed in Figure 13.

Unfortunately where the AHUs for the BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center are located the

duct length needed to be increased in order to run the ducts under the floor. This meant that

the fan would have a higher pressure drop to overcome to supply the space with air.

Nonetheless, a Trace model calculation was run in order to determine if the energy savings

from the increased supply temperature was enough to overcome the higher energy

consumption of the fan.

The energy analysis from Trace revealed that the UFAD system saved minimal energy during the

cooling modes and actually required more energy in heating. As mentioned earlier, the fan

needs more power to overcome the longer duct runs which really makes this distribution less

energy efficient. Also, UFAD systems are more expensive to install because the floor has to be

raised to allow the ductwork to be installed. Combining the fact that this system is more

expensive to operate and install it is obvious to see that the system will never pay for itself and

should not be used in this building.


32

Figure 13: Typical Schematic of a UFAD System

Lighting Breadth

The lighting system for the classrooms and offices were looked at to find possible energy

savings. More efficient luminaires with T5 High Output fluorescent lamps were selected in an

attempt to provide the same level of lighting with less luminaires. The Lighting Handbook 10th

edition specifies that the illuminance for offices of occupants ages 25-65 require 30 foot-

candles for reading and writing, and classrooms with occupants with an average age of less

than 25 require 15 foot-candles for music rooms. Therefore the intent of this redesign was to

provide sufficient lighting while using fewer watts than the existing design.

First the existing lighting system was analyzed and it was found that the classrooms used

several different types of luminaires that used between one and four 32 watt T8 lamps and the

offices used luminaires that had two 40 watt TT5 lamps. The total number of kilowatts was

calculated and found to be 19.4 for the classrooms and 7.6 for the offices. These values were

then used to obtain the kWh per year by multiplying the kW by the equivalent full load hours

(EFLH) of 2,522 and 2,870 for classrooms and offices respectively. The classrooms used 49,000

kWh and the offices used 22,000 kWh yearly.

The luminaires selected for the redesign of both the classrooms and the offices are direct

indirect pendent fixtures that contain one T5 High Output fluorescent lamp. Offices and

classrooms were then modeled in AGI to determine how many luminaires were required to

obtain the proper illuminance throughout the room. Figures 14 and 15 show renderings of a


33

typical classroom and office. Appendix A shows the actual values found from the AGI

calculations. Then the watts per square foot of each room was calculated and averaged to get a

watt/square foot value for classrooms and offices, which was then multiplied by the total

square footage of each type of room. The new classroom design uses 6.6 kilowatts and 16,500

kWh per year, and the new office design uses 3.8 kilowatts and 11,000 kWh per year. Further

break down of savings is discussed in Redesign Cost and Energy Analysis section of this report.

Figure 14: AGI Rendering of a Typical Classroom


34

Figure 15: AGI Rendering of a Typical Office

In another attempt to reduce the energy wasted by the lighting system, the redesign calls for

infrared occupancy sensors in the office and ultrasonic occupancy sensors in the classrooms to

reduce the amount of time the lights are on. Infrared sensors were selected for the offices

because they can sense the body heat generated by a person, which is good for offices where

occupants can be stationary for long periods of time. Ultrasonic occupancy sensors were

selected for the classrooms because they detect motion and have a larger range which is

required for the size of the classrooms in the BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center. It is

important to select the right type of sensor and position them correctly based on the type of

room so that the lights aren’t turning off when the room is in use or staying on when it is not.

Throughout the day in university buildings people come and go through rooms, but a lot of the

time the lights are left on when the space is unoccupied. Table 10 shows the percentage of the

time spaces are unoccupied with the lights on. For this report the Electric Power Research

Institute (EPRI) predictions were used to determine the impact of installing occupancy sensors.

The EPRI predictions were subtracted from one to determine the percentage of time that the

lights are on in each space. This value was then multiplied by the EFLH to determine the

number of hours per year that the lights would be on with the occupancy sensors. That value

was then multiplied by the kilowatts used in the classrooms and the offices to calculate the


35

actual kWh per year. The classroom value came to 6,900 kWh and the office value came to

6,800 kWh per year. Further analysis of savings is discussed in Redesign Cost and Energy

Analysis section of this report.

Table 10: Percentage of Time Lights Are on in Unoccupied Spaces

Construction Management Breadth

Commissioning is a valuable service that can greatly improve the efficiency and comfort of a

building. An existing commissioning plan was created and implemented for the BSU Fine and

Performing Arts Center. However, with the proposed redesign the commissioning plan will be

edited to incorporate new component and eliminate no longer existing ones. ASHRAE outlines

the different items that need to be checked and what specifically needs tested for ground

source heat pumps. These requirements can be found in Table 11. The heat pump units and

heat pump piping will be located in the AHUs and therefore will be included in the AHU

prefuctional test (PFT). A typical AHU and GSHP prefuctional test report (modified from the

existing reports) can be found in Appendix B.


36

System Function

Heat Pump Piping Pressure test, clean and fill

Ground Source Piping

Pressure test, clean, fill and purge air

Pumps Inspect, test and start up

Heat recovery unit Inspect, test and start up; provie clean set of filters, staff instruction

Heat pump units Inspect, test and start up; provie clean filters, staff instruction

Chemical treatment Flushing and cleaning, chemical treatment, staff instruction

Balancing Balancing, spot checking, follow-up site visits

Controls Installation/commissioning, staff instruction, performance testing, seasonal testing

Table 11: ASHRAE GSHP Commissioning Process

Since there is so much equipment in a modern building it would be incredibly time consuming

and expensive to individually check every piece of equipment. Therefore, sample testing is done

for some of the smaller and more numerous pieces of equipment. Table 12 shows what fraction

of each piece of equipment must be observed. The boiler equipment and the chiller equipment

have been eliminated from this schedule as they are no longer necessary with the addition of

the ground source heat pump.

Equipment or System Fraction To Be Observed by CxA

Mechanical Equipment

Pumps, VFDs 100%

Air Handlers 100%

Make-Up Air Units 100%

Fan Coil Units 20%

Cabinet Unit Heaters 100%

Terminal Units 20%

Exhaust Fans 100%

Fin Tube 100%

Dust Collection System 100%

Hydrostatic Pressure Test 10%

Pipe Flushing At beginning and end

Building Automation System Observe sub checkout and calibration

TAB Work Sample observation of the TAB process and compare process utilized to the TAB plan


37

Equipment or System Fraction To Be Observed by CxA

Plumbing Equipment

Domestic Water Heaters, Mixing Valves, Re-circulators and Booster Pumps

100%

Other Misc. Equipment As necessary

Electrical Equipment

Emergency Generator 100%

Automatic Transfer Switches 100%

Electrical Distribution Switchgear (800A and Larger)

100%

Lighting Controls 100%

Life Safety System (Mechanical interlocks only. No NFPA 72 requirements)

100%

Table 12: Prefunctional Test Sampling

Redesign Cost and Energy Analysis

Ground Source Heat Pump

The ground source heat pump was very expensive to install mainly because of the incredible

amount of labor and material needed for the well field. A breakdown of the cost added to the

mechanical systems from the GSHP can be found in Table 13. The total added cost from the

GSHP comes to just over $2.9 million. The GSHP was designed to replace the air cooled chiller

and the gas fired boiler, which cost $180,000 and $80,000 respectively. However, local power

companies can provide additional assistance, as many provide incentives for the use of energy

efficient equipment. The Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, which is the utility provider for

Bowie State University, has a Commercial Energy Efficiency Program that provides various

utility rebates. Through this program, this ground source heat pump qualifies for up to 75

percent of the system cost since the building is new construction. There is a maximum incentive

of $1 million, which for this project is less than 75 percent of the total cost meaning it would

reach the $1 million max.


38

Amount Unit Price Total

Pump - 1 - 410 GPM, 10 H.P. VSD 1 $15,000.00 $15,000.00

Pump - 2 - 410 GPM, 10 H.P. Stand-by VSD

1 $15,000.00 $15,000.00

Air Separator 1 $2,500.00 $2,500.00

Water Filter Geothermal 1 $800.00 $800.00

Geo-Manifold/Valves 277258 $9.00 $2,495,322.00

DDC Controls 123000 $3.00 $369,000.00

HPU 16 $2,500.00 $40,000.00

Total

$2,937,622.00

Total With Incentive $1,937,622.00

Table 13: Additional Mechanical Costs from the GSHP

The GSHP is able to draw heating and cooling from the earth and distribute it through the

building. There is a large potential for energy savings when used in the right climates and soil

types. The Trace model provided the results for the existing system and the GSHP. The GSHP

was able to reduce the amount of gas consumed to zero therms by meeting all of the heating

needs. However, the electricity consumption went up most likely due to the increased load on

the pumps that are required to move water throughout a long distance of pipe. Looking at the

current prices for the BSU Fine and Performing Arts Center the GSHP costs roughly $700 more

to operate per year. Table 14 shows the utility cost comparisons. Since the initial cost of the

GSHP system is much greater than that of the existing system, and that it costs more to operate

the system it is recommended not to implement a GSHP.

Existing System GSHP

Electric Consumption (kWh)

619509 634582

Electric Cost $57,428.48 $58,825.75

Gas Consumption (therms) 3660 0

Gas Cost $732.00 $0.00

Total Utility Cost $58,160.48 $58,825.75

Table 14: Utility Cost Comparison

Lighting Redesign

The new high efficiency lighting was very effective in reducing the lighting costs of the building. The existing luminaires cost $212 per fixture and the new luminaires cost $352 per fixture including overhead and profit. Since the new luminaires provide more light, less of them were needed in the building. The original design called for 317 fixtures in the classrooms and office,


39

but the redesign has 159 fixtures. Table 15 shows the total cost for both designs. Since there were so many fewer fixtures in the new design, the initial cost is over $11,000 lower for the more efficient design.

No. of

Fixtures Price/Fixture Total Cost

Old Luminaires 317 $212.00 $67,204.00

New Luminaires 159 $352.00 $55,968.00

Savings

$11,236.00

Table 15: Initial Cost Comparison In addition to saving on the initial cost, the new lighting system provides significant savings on the cost of electricity. The redesigned lighting system saves 43,155 kWh each year which amounts to just over $4,000. Table 16 shows the utility savings from the new design.

Classrooms Offices

kW Saved 12.9 3.7

EFLH 2522 2870

kWh Saved per Year 32437 10718

Cost/kWh $0.0927 $0.0927

Money Saved/Year $3006.88 $993.57

Total Savings/Year $4000.45

Table 16: Utility Savings from Lighting Redesign The occupancy sensors that are included in the redesign were selected because they are wireless sensors and are much easier and quicker to install. A quote from an electrical contractor stated that the sensors could be installed for $180 per device. The devices have a large enough range that one can be used per room. That means that 24 ultrasonic sensors and 32 infrared sensors are required for all of the classrooms and offices. Both types of Lutron wireless sensors cost $80 per sensor but the utility company, Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, offers to pay for 75% of the occupancy sensors through their Commercial Energy Efficiency Program. Therefore, the occupancy sensors cost only $20 which greatly reduces the payback period. The total cost of the sensors comes to $11,200 and the energy savings due to the occupancy sensors is $1,275. Therefore, the payback period for the occupancy sensors is 8.8 years. A cost break down can be found in Tables 17 and 18.


40

Classroom Office

Cost of Sensors $1920 $2560

Cost with Rebate $480 $640

Cost of Installation $4320 $5760

Total Cost $4800 $6400

Total $11,200

Table 17: Cost of Sensors

Classrooms Offices

Cost Without Sensors

$1,531.81 $1,018.73

Cost With Sensor $643.36 $631.61

Utility Savings $888.45 $387.12

Total Savings $1,275.56

Table 18: Utility Cost With and Without Occupancy Sensors Combining the new lighting system with the occupancy sensors there is still an initial savings of $36, but the yearly energy savings comes out to $5,275. Looking at these numbers it is obvious to see that the new energy efficient lighting plan should be implemented because it is less expensive and it saves energy every year. The occupancy sensors are fairly expensive, but save a significant amount of energy each year. With the rebate from the utility company, the payback period is reasonable and considering the money saved from the new lighting installation it is recommended to install the occupancy sensors.

The ground source heat pump and the underfloor air distribution did not save enough energy to recover the additional upfront costs and therefore were not recommended to be used. The lighting redesign and the occupancy sensors both saw substantial energy savings and would pay for themselves in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, they should both be implemented.


41

References 2009 ASHRAE Handbook: Heating, Ventilating, and Air-conditioning Fundamentals. Atlanta, GA:

ASHRAE, 2009. Print. 2011 ASHRAE Handbook: Heating, Ventilating, and Air-conditioning Applications. Atlanta, GA:

ASHRAE, 2011. Print. ASHRAE.2007, ANSI/ASHRAE, Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineer, Inc. Atlanta, GA.

ASHRAE.2007, ANSI/ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007, Energy Standard for Building Except Low-Rise

Residential Buildings. American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Atlanta, GA.

Bauman, Fred S., and Allan Dally. Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. Atlanta, GA:

American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2003. Print. Bauman, P.E., Fred, Tom Webster, P.E., and David Lehrer. "Underfloor Technology Design

Guidelines." Center for the Built Environment. University of California, Berkley. Web. 15 Jan. 2012. <http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/designguidelines_pr.htm>.

Bell and Gossett. Base Mounted Centrifugal Pump Performance Curves. Bell and Gossett. Print. DiLaura, David L. The Lighting Handbook: Reference & Application. New York, NY: Illuminating

Engineering Society of North America, 2011. Print. "DSIRE: DSIRE Home." DSIRE USA. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. <http://www.dsireusa.org/>. Eaton’s EMC Engineers. Commissioning Construction Documents. Eaton’s EMC Engineers,

Washington D.C. EYP Architecture & Engineering, P.C. Architectural Construction Documents. EYP Architecture &

Engineering, Washington D.C. EYP Architecture & Engineering, P.C. Electrical Construction Documents. EYP Architecture &

Engineering, Washington D.C. EYP Architecture & Engineering, P.C. Mechanical Construction Documents. EYP Architecture &

Engineering, Washington D.C. Filler, Mike. "Best Practices for Underfloor Air Systems." ASHRAE Journal October (2004): 39-44.

Print.


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Hamilton, Sephir D., Kurt W. Roth, Ph.D., and James Brodrick, PH.D. "Displacement

Ventilation." ASHRAE Journal September (2004): 56-58. Print. Li, Ph.D., Yuguo, Peter V. Nielsen, Ph.D., and Mats Sanberg, Ph.D. "Displacement Ventilation in

Hospital Environments." ASHRAE Journal June (2011): 86-88. Print. "Lutron Radio Powr Saver Wireless Occupancy Sensor Overview." Lutron Radio Powr Saver

Wireless Occupancy Sensor Overview. Lutron. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. <http://www.lutron.com/Products/Sensors/Occupancy-Vacancy/WirelessRadio PowrSavr/Pages/Overview.aspx>.

McDonell, P.Eng., Geoff. "Underfloor and Displacement: Why They're Not the Same."ASHRAE

Journal July (2003): 18-22. Print. McQuay International. "Geothermal Heat Pump Design Manual." (2002). Print. McQuiston, Faye C., Jerald D. Parker, and Jeffrey D. Spitler. Heating, Ventilating, And Air

Conditioning, Analysis And Design. 6th. Wiley, 2005. Print. Montgomery, P.E., Ross D. "UFAD Commissioning for Air Force Base." ASHRAE JournalJune

(2009): 38-44. Print. Stanke, Dennis, and Brenda Bradley. "Turning Air Distribution Up Side Down...Underfloor Air

Distribution." Trane Engineers 30 (2001): 1-5. Trane. 2001. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. <http://www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol30_4/>.

Webster, Jack. "Is UFAD All That It's Cracked Up to Be?" ASHRAE Journal February (2004). Print. Webster, P.E., Tom, Fred Bauman, P.E., and Jim Reese, P.E. "Underfloor Air Distribution:

Thermal Stratification." ASHRAE Journal May (2002). Print.


43

Appendix A: Illuminance Value

Figure 16: Classroom Lighting Isolines


44

Figure 17: Office Lighting Isolines


45

Appendix B: Commissioning Prefunctional Tests

Mechanical System Information Name AHU-01 Description Manufacturer:

Volts: CFM:

Building/Phase BSU FPAC Model

Report Date Serial

Mechanical Checklist for AHU-01 Category # Item Performed Initials Date

1 AHU Prefunctional Checklist 44224

AHU Drawing No.


Specification Section:


Location (Floor/Room):


Area Served:


Supply Fan Manufacturer:


SF Serial No:


SF HP:


SF RPM:


SF Volts/Hz/Ph


SF Amps:

1 AHU Prefunctional 44234

SF CFM:


46

Checklist

2 Cabinet and General Installation 44235

Permanent label affixed.


Casing condition good: no dents or leaks.


Door gaskets installed. Doors close tightly with no leaks.


Housing piping and duct penetrations sealed.


Dampers/actuators properly installed and close tightly.


Vibration isolation equipment installed and released from shipping locks.


Thermal insulation properly installed.


Construction filters installed.


Flex connection at fan installed.


Manufacturer's required clearances for unit/components maintained.

3 Valves, Piping and Coils 44245

Piping fittings complete. Piping properly supported.


Strainer in place and clean.


Piping system properly flushed.


All coils clean. Fins have been combed.


Heat pump unit completed and functioning properly.


47


Heat pump cleaned and filter changed.


Condensate piping properly trapped and vented. Condensate drain pans clean and sloped to drain.


Pressure/Temperature ports installed as required


Chilled water pipe complete and piping properly supported.


Chilled water pipe pressure test complete and no leaks.


Piping, valves, and clearances accommodate coil removal.


Valves properly labeled and tagged.


Valves installed in proper direction.


Balancing valves installed as required.


Isolation valves installed as required.


Control valves installed as required.


Dirt leg drain valve, hose bib and cap installed.


Heat pump pipe complete and piping properly supported.


Heat pump pipe pressure test complete and no leaks.

4 Fans 44264

Drive belts matched and tensioned.

4 Fans 44265

Shaft and motor bearing lubricated.


48

4 Fans 44266

Motor rotation correct and free fan wheel rotation.

4 Fans 44267

Vibration isolators released and adjusted. Isolators not bottomed out.

4 Fans 44268

Proper starter/VFD installed and labeled.

4 Fans 44269

All bolts, fasteners, and set screws checked and tightened.

5 Start‐up 44270

Vibration Level Satisfactory

5 Start‐up 44271

Noise Level Satisfactory

5 Start‐up 44272

Motor Amps Actual

5 Start‐up 44273

Motor Volts Actual

6 Certificate of Readiness

44274

I certify that all equipment, systems, and controls are now complete and ready for the Functional Performance Testing to begin. Initialing this ensures the functional tests can be completed without the need to redo or perform for the first time, manufacturer's start‐up or commissioning pre‐functional inspections, tests or tasks.


44275

The subcontractor has reviewed the Approved FPT and has no concerns with performing it.

Mechanical Checklist Notes for AHU-01 Item # Note

Mechanical System Information Name GSHP Description Manufacturer:

Volts: CFM:

Building/Phase BSU FPAC Model

Report Date Serial

Mechanical Checklist for GSHP Category # Item Performed Initials Date


GSHP Drawing No.

1 AHU 48565 Specification Section:


49

Prefunctional Checklist


Location (Floor/Room):


Area Served:


Permanent label affixed.


Casing condition good: no dents or leaks.


Door gaskets installed. Doors close tightly with no leaks.


Housing piping and duct penetrations sealed.


Vibration isolation equipment installed and released from shipping locks.


Thermal insulation properly installed.


Chemical treatment devices installed.


Manufacturer's required clearances for unit/components maintained.


Piping fittings complete. Piping properly supported.


Strainer in place and clean.


Piping system properly flushed.


All coils clean. Fins have been combed.


Pressure/Temperature ports installed as required


50


Chilled water pipe complete and piping properly supported.


Chilled water pipe pressure test complete and no leaks.


Piping, valves, and clearances accommodate coil removal.


Valves properly labeled and tagged.


Valves installed in proper direction.


Balancing valves installed as required.


Isolation valves installed as required.


Control valves installed as required.


Dirt leg drain valve, hose bib and cap installed.

4 Pumps 48590

Drive belts matched and tensioned.

4 Pumps 48591

Shaft and motor bearing lubricated.

4 Pumps 48592

Motor rotation correct and free impeller wheel rotation.

4 Pumps 48593

Vibration isolators released and adjusted. Isolators not bottomed out.

4 Pumps 48594

Proper starter/VFD installed and labeled.

4 Pumps 48595

All bolts, fasteners, and set screws checked and tightened.

5 Start‐up 48596

Vibration Level Satisfactory

5 Start‐up 48597

Noise Level Satisfactory

5 Start‐up 48598

Motor Amps Actual

5 Start‐up 48599 Motor Volts Actual


51


48600

I certify that all equipment, systems, and controls are now complete and ready for the Functional Performance Testing to begin. Initialing this ensures the functional tests can be completed without the need to redo or perform for the first time, manufacturer's start‐up or commissioning pre‐functional inspections, tests or tasks.


48601

The subcontractor has reviewed the Approved FPT and has no concerns with performing it.

Mechanical Checklist Notes for GSHP Item # Note