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Botany Boot Camp
Docent Training ClassLiz Woodward
Five Kingdoms of Living Organisms
TaxonomyThe Classification of Plants and Other Living Organisms
Division/PhylumClassOrder (-ales)
Family (-aceae)
Genus Species
Carl Linnaeus1707-1778
Botanical NamesFear and Loathing in the Horticulture World
MispronunciationLatin and Greek rootsPrecise & understood worldwideCommon names are inaccurateSpeak to your audience
Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Tuscan Blue’Kingdom Plantae (Plant)Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plant)Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledon)Order LamialesFamily Lamiaceae (Mint Family)Genus Rosmarinus (Rosemary)Species officinalis (of official/medicinal use)Cultivar Tuscan Blue
Tuscan Rosemary
How to read a
QBG Accession TagFirst line: accession number e.g. 93.0298P, 00.0001 , 2000.0024SRemaining lines: TaxonAdditional nomenclature: x=hybrid, cv.=cultivar, sp.=species, cf=confersIdentification/Caption Label have more interpretive information such as botanical information, ecological relationships, uses and conservation information.
Organic Evolution
Natural Selection Survival of the FittestConvergent Evolution
Genetics
Charles Darwin1809-1882
The Flowering Plant
Over 250,000 known speciesAll have flowers (inconspicuous/conspicuous)Reproduce from seed
Plant Structure
Roots
Generally undergroundAnchor the plant and hold it in placeAbsorb water and minerals & send upwardsStorage (sometimes)Transport system: xylem and phloem
Stems
Primary support structureGenerally above groundUnderground stems (tubers)Woody or herbaceous Bear leaves and flowersMay provide storage and photosynthesisGrow upward toward light
Leaves
Photosynthesis (food making)Other functions: store water, protection, attract pollinatorsTypical leaf has 2 main parts: petiole & laminaSimple/compound leavesVarious leaf shapesLeaf arrangements (opposite, alternate, whorled)
Flowers
Pollination &
Fertilization
Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil - depends on external agent (wind, insect, birds)
Fusion of male and female nucleiSelf pollination vs. cross pollinationColors, scents and adaptations
FruitsDiverse in size, shape, texture and seedsFleshy & edibleDry fruits
Seeds
Self complete reproductive unit3 parts: seed coat, embryo & foodDormant until external conditions are right to germinate & sproutSeed adaptations
Plant Families
Fabaceae - Pea Family
Pea Family Members
Nitrogen fixing roots
Lamiaceae - Mint Family
Mint Family Members
Thyme, Oregano, Marjoram, Basil, Rosemary, Sage, Savory, Mint, Lavender
Rosaceae - Rose Family
Rose Family Members
California Natives: Catalina Ironwood, Chamise, Rosa californica
Asteraceae - Daisy Family
Daisy Family Members
Solanaceae - Nightshade Family
Solanaceae contain narcotic alkaloids
Nightshade Fruits
Euphorbiaceae - Spurge Family
Pointsettia Euphorbia pulcherima
Candelabra Tree Euphorbia ingens
Spurge Family Members
Snow Bush, Castor Bean, Tapioca, Caribbean Copper Plant, Pencil Tree
2 Classes of Flowering Plants
Poaceae - Grass Family
Economic importance for wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley, millet, rye. Also sugar cane & sorghum.
Grass Family Members
Role of PlantsReduce carbon dioxide and increase oxygenPlants produce everything we eatShelter, warmth, clothing, transportation, fuel,medicine, paper
The Future for Plants
Endangered speciesBotanical GardensSelective BreedingGenetically modified cropsValuable diversity