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BotanicaThe illustrated A-Z of over 10,000 garden

plants and how to cultivate them

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Annuals & Perennials

Planting Combinations

By combining perennials with annuals in a moreinformal manner, the garden loses that ‘all ornothing’ effect which is so evident when a bed ofannuals has ‘finished’ and is again planted outwith tiny seedlings. By placing clumps of peren-nials beside drifts of annuals the eye is drawnfrom one accent to another, say from a group oflow-growing annuals in front to the taller peren-nial flower spikes behind. Annuals are marvel-lous for providing a festive welcome to anentrance or a splash of color to a shrub borderwhen the garden is to be used for a special event.For a continuous effect, group them with peren-nials, staggering the flowering times of the plantsso that when a small pocket of annuals is nearlypast its prime a perennial just behind is about toflower. This complementary display can take afew seasons to achieve, as many perennials needtwo years to bloom, but don’t give up as experi-menting in this way is one of the most rewardingaspects of gardening.

Apart from color combinations within a gar-den, try to tie in the house color to that of agarden display so they complement one another:a red or red-orange toned house looks good sur-

rounded by bright oranges, yellows, rusty redsand creams, while a white or pastel painted houseblends well with soft blue, mauve, pink andwhite flowers plus masses of silver foliage.

Just as important as linking the house to thegarden, is the overall siting of the garden beds.Most annuals demand full sun to flower well sobe sure to choose an aspect where the plants willreceive as much light, particularly morning sun,as possible. Give them generously wide bedsensuring the colorful display will not be over-whelmed by shrub foliage or robbed of nutrientsby the roots of nearby permanent plants.

Instant Color Effects

One of the most welcome developments in re-cent years has been the increase in the number ofannuals and perennials available in ‘instantcolor’ pots. Once red geraniums were the onlyavailable way to provide a splash of color in earlyspring; now, right through the seasons a pot ortray of mature flowering annuals can be pur-chased to add instant color to a garden dead spotor patio. And don’t overlook hanging basketsfilled with annuals to highlight a garden colorscheme. If potting up seedlings to make a basketfull of your own instant color, take care tochoose plants that will fall gracefully over the

edge of the basket. If you are using large pots ortubs, both upright and sprawling plant types canproduce a very decorative display.

Annuals, by their very nature, aim to set asmany seeds as possible within a very short lifespan. Gardeners can extend the flowering periodby cutting the blooms for indoor use or nippingoff faded flowers before they set seed and sodecide it’s all over for another year. If you followthis procedure, remember it is good practice toprovide regular nourishment to the plants in theform of a quick-acting fertilizer designed to pro-mote flowers rather than foliage growth.

Soil Preparation and Planting

To ensure strong growth and maximum flower-ing, prepare your garden beds soundly. If thearea to be planted has not been dug over before,it is a good idea to double dig. This means thatthe topsoil, say to a fork’s depth, is weeded andput aside and the soil under this layer is dug overto the depth of a fork. Humus, such as well-rotted manure, or compost can be added to thislayer to help break up heavy clay particles or toadd moisture-retentive qualities to sandy soils.This double digging is particularly beneficialto perennials which may be left in the sameposition for some years. Replace the top layer of

RIGHT: A display of annuals like these pansies and

double daisies takes a lot from the soil, which you

have to put back if you want to repeat it.

BELOW: With their large, brightly colored, showy pea

flowers, Lupinus species and hybrids will enhance

any garden.

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Major Plant Groups


2 2 M A J O R P L A N T G R O U P S

PalmsThe palms are, by contrast to ferns, true trees, al-though usually they grow on a single unbranchedtrunk, with a crown of large leaves at the top.(Some form clumps of stems, but these are nor-mally unbranched.) These leaves can be long anddivided, like giant fern leaves, or they can berounded and fan shaped, the two types beingcalled ‘feather’ or ‘fan’ palms. They mostly growin the company of other trees, so they like theshade, at least when they are young; but thereare few among the taller palms that insist on it.Palms vary enormously in height; some of theclump-formers grow to only about 6 or 10 ft(1.8 or 3 m) tall and can be placed in the gardenlike shrubs; others can reach about 90 ft (27 m)and are sufficiently stately for the largest gardens.Alas, the most magnificent palms are strictly forfrost-free climates, and the delights of a palmavenue are denied to the temperate climate gar-dener. He or she will have to be content with

growing some of the more modest palms in-doors; but they are among the most attractive ofall house plants. They are mostly easy to grow;give them reasonable light, don’t over-waterthem, and don’t use a pot that is too large for thesize of the palm.

There are few groups of trees as useful aspalms in the countries where they grow; thatch ismade from the leaves, the trunks provide timber,and dates and coconuts are significant commer-cial crops, both borne by palms. Some speciescan have their sap tapped to make palm wine ortoddy; and there are those whose young shootscan be cut out and cooked like cabbage.

Cycads

Cycads are an ancient group of plants usuallygrouped like the conifers in the gymnosperms,but with palm-like fronds. They are only foundin limited, warmer parts of the world. They bearlarge, nut-like seeds that are rich in starch. How-ever, they are not for the vegetable plot—the rawseeds contain poisonous alkaloids which have tobe destroyed by long and elaborate preparationfor consumption. This varies with the species,but may involve pounding the seeds, steepingthem in water for long periods or both. This isan art perfected by the indigenous peoples ofAustralia and Africa, where most cycads grow.Some species contain a great deal of starch(called sago) in their growing shoots, although ascycads grow so very slowly it is not economical

to cultivate them commercially to harvest thesago. In fact, commercial sago (tapioca) comesfrom a totally unrelated plant.

It is their agonisingly slow growth that limitsthe popularity of cycads in gardens; sow a seedand it will be years before you are rewarded witha fully developed clump of glossy, palm-likeleaves, let alone the curious flower cones, whichcan be far larger than any pine cone. The plantsbear male and female cones, usually on the sameplant, and the female cones can be a strikingsight when the seeds ripen. Eventually, most willdevelop a short thick trunk, but don’t hold yourbreath waiting—the magnificent specimens yousee in botanic gardens are usually at least 50 yearsold. Cycads are not exactly abundant and areusually protected by law. If you do acquire one,give it a climate free of frost, or almost so, a placein light shade, and fertile soil. Grow it in a bigpot by all means, and if you like you can bring itinside to a sunny room.

Fruit & Nut Trees

Choosing a Fruit Tree

Fruit trees can be classed into two broad groups:the tropical fruits, members of several plantfamilies, mainly evergreen, and often ratherstately growers; and the temperate fruits, decidu-ous and almost all cousins of the rose. The citrusare a kind of link between the two; evergreen andwith members that like hot climates and othersthat don’t mind it coolish. Which to choose?Your own favorite, that goes without saying; butyou need to take your climate into account.There is no joy in pining after mangoes if yousuffer frost, or cherries if you can’t provide themwith the cold winters they need. Then, there is nopoint in growing just any sort of variety. Justabout all types of fruit have been bred and im-proved by gardeners for centuries, and come in abewildering number of varieties. Some of thetropical types (citrus too) can be grown fromseed quite easily, but the resulting trees, whilevigorous, almost always produce inferior fruit.

The named varieties are almost always grafted,and you may be offered the same one on severaldifferent understocks. Usually this is because bychoice of a more or less vigorous stock you cantailor the final size of the tree, but sometimes onestock will be better than another in differentsoils. If in doubt, ask your supplier for advice,bearing in mind that bigger isn’t necessarilybetter—you may prefer to have two smaller treesinstead of one large one. That way you mighthave both a dessert and a cooking apple, orspread your crop by having an early-ripeningvariety and one that ripens later.

With some of the temperate fruits, notablyapples, pears and sweet cherries, you need twotrees in any case, as they are not ‘self-fertile’—theflowers must receive the pollen of a differentvariety or there will be no fruit. Not that polli-nating insects respect fences; the spouse treecould be in the garden of a co-operative

LEFT: Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi is a striking

cycad from South Africa. It is very hardy and

adapts well to cultivation.

BELOW: Ferns and palms can be used to create an

oasis in the suburban garden.


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ABELIAA genus of about 30 species of bothdeciduous and evergreen shrubs fromeastern Asia and Mexico, the abelias arevalued for their elegant growth andabundant small tubular or trumpet-shaped flowers over a prolonged summerseason. They grow to about 6 ft (1.8 m)tall and have dark green foliage onarching canes.CULTIVATION: Species vary from mod-erately frost hardy to somewhat tender.The frost-hardy species are trouble-freeplants, capable of surviving harsh con-ditions. Abelias prefer sun or light shade,and need a well-drained soil with regularwater in summer. They are easily propa-gated from cuttings and can withstandheavy pruning, for example, when usedfor low hedging.

Abelia chinensis

One of the hardier species, Abeliachinensis forms a spreading bushy shrub.It can be deciduous or semi-deciduous,and has reddish stems and small shinyleaves which turn bronze purple in fall(autumn). It blooms with a succession ofsmall white flowers throughout summerand early fall, each conspicuous dull pinkcalyx persisting on the shrub long afterthe flower falls. ZONES 8–10.

Abelia floribunda

With the largest and most brightly huedflowers among the abelias, this speciesbears clusters of bright rose carmine,2 in (5 cm) long flowers along archingbranches in early summer. Only margin-ally frost hardy, in colder areas it is bestgrown in a warm sheltered spot such asagainst a wall or fence. ZONES 9–11.

Abelia � grandiflora

This hybrid between Abelia chinensis andA. uniflora grows to 6–8 ft (1.8–2.4 m)tall and wide. It has arching reddishbrown canes and small, glossy dark greenleaves. Small mauve and white flowersappear in early summer, usually with asecond flush at summer’s end. The dullpink calyces persist on the shrub after theflower falls, contrasting with the leaveswhich turn purplish bronze. The cultivar‘Francis Mason’ has yellow or yellow-edged leaves but it has a tendency torevert to plain green. ZONES 7–10.

Abelia schumannii

Less vigorous than Abelia � grandiflora,this deciduous shrub likes a shelteredsituation. It has arching red canes andsmall pointed leaves; the upper part ofeach cane produces a succession ofshowy bell-shaped flowers from latespring to early fall (autumn). Flowers arerose pink with an orange blotch in thethroat; the pale reddish calyx persists onthe shrub after the flower falls. ZONES 7–10.

ABELMOSCHUSThis is a genus of around 15 species fromthe tropics of Africa and Asia. In olderbooks all the species were included in thelarger genus Hibiscus. They are annuals,biennials or short-lived perennials withtough bark (sometimes used for fiber)and maple-like leaves. Some species dieback to a large tuber in the tropical dryseason. The hibiscus-like flowers occurin shades of yellow, pink, orange or red.Several species make attractiveornamentals and the vegetable okra orgumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus) isgrown for its edible young pods.

CULTIVATION: They are mostly grownas summer annuals, requiring fertile,well-drained soil, a sheltered position infull sun, and plentiful water. Propagatefrom seed in spring. Rust disease can be aproblem: spray with a fungicide.

Abelmoschus esculentussyn. Hibiscus esculentusOKRA, GUMBO, LADY’S FINGERS

Long cultivated in parts of Africa andAsia (where it originated), this 6 ft(1.8 m) tall species was taken to theAmericas with slaves from West Africaand has remained a traditional ingredi-ent of many dishes in the USA’s DeepSouth. It is an attractive plant with red-eyed yellow flowers. Both flower budsand the long starchy immature pods areeaten. Okra requires a long hot summerfor successful growth. ZONES 9–11.

Abelmoschus manihotAIBIKA

This is a perennial species 6–8 ft(1.8–2.4 m) tall. The stems are coveredwith small, bristly hairs and the 3- to7-lobed leaves are up to 18 in (45 cm)across. The flowers are white to yellowwith purple centers, borne singly or insmall racemes, and followed by 3 in(8 cm) fruit. ZONES 10–12.

Abelmoschus moschatusMUSK MALLOW

This tropical Asian species is very vari-able, with many wild and cultivatedraces. Some are used for fiber and theseeds (musk seeds) yield oils and fats(ambrette) used medicinally and in per-fumery. The whole plant has a slightmusky smell. The hairs on the leaves areoften bristly and the large flowers aretypically pale yellow with a purple eye.Ornamental cultivars have a range offlower colors. The cultivar ‘Mischief’ is a

compact plant that grows well in pots orcan be naturalized in a sunny shelteredposition; red, pink or white flowers areborne in summer and fall (autumn).‘Pacific Light Pink’ is an 18 in (45 cm)dwarf cultivar with 2-tone pink flowersup to 4 in (10 cm) wide. ‘Pacific OrangeScarlet’ (syn. ‘Oriental Red’) is also verypopular. ZONES 8–12.

ABIESFIR

The true firs, sometimes known as silverfirs to distinguish them from Picea(which have pendent, not upright,cones), comprise 40-odd species of ever-green conifers. Among the most statelyof all conifers, firs come from cool- tocold-climate mountain areas of thenorthern hemisphere. The majority arefrom China and western North America,but a few species extend into the tropicson the high mountains of CentralAmerica and Southeast Asia. The short,stiff needles, which are distributed evenlyalong the twig, usually have 2 longitudi-nal blue bands on their undersides.CULTIVATION: Their narrow shape andoften slow growth allow many species tofit comfortably into the larger suburbangarden, but they will not tolerate urbanpollution and prefer a moist climatewithout extremes of heat. Soils musthave adequate depth, drainage andmoisture retention. Propagation is fromseed. Grafting is used for selected clones,including named cultivars. The onlypruning or shaping needed is the re-moval of twin leading shoots as soonas they appear.

Abies albaEUROPEAN SILVER FIR

Originating in the mountains of centraland southern Europe this conifer cangrow to 180 ft (55 m). It has glossy dark

Albelmoschus moschatus ‘ Pacific Orange Scarlet’

Abelia chinensis Abelia floribunda

Abelia � grandiflora

Abelia � grandiflora ‘Francis Mason’

Abelia � grandiflora cultivar

Abies alba

A B E L I A


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CALLUNAHEATHER, LING

The sole species of this genus, heather, isan evergreen shrub and is the dominantmoorland plant of the colder parts of theUK and northern Europe; it is closely re-lated to the heath genus Erica. White,pink, red or purple are the usual colorsfor the small bell-shaped flowers, bornein dense clusters. In winter the foliageturns brownish or dull purple. Mostlygrown in gardens are the numerouscultivars, selected for dwarf or compactgrowth and for flower or foliage color.CULTIVATION: It is an extremely frost-hardy plant, thriving in very exposedsituations and often performing poorlyunder kinder conditions. The soil shouldbe acidic, gritty, and of low fertility. Afterflowering cut back to keep bushes com-pact. In areas with warm, humid sum-mers it is prone to root- and stem-rot.Propagation is usually from tip cuttingsor rooted branches can be detached.

Calluna vulgaris

Common heather makes a spreadingshrub 12–36 in (30–90 cm) high. Theflowers of wild plants are pale pink to astrong purplish pink, occasionally white.Flowering time is variable: some racesand cultivars flower through summer,others from mid-summer to early fall(autumn). With over 400 cultivars

available in the UK alone it is hard to de-cide which to mention, but the followingare representative and will add interestand diversity to the garden. ‘Allegretto’is a low-growing compact form withcerise flowers. ‘Allegro’ is medium sizedwith a neat habit and purple-red blooms.‘Anchy Ann’ has very long spikes ofmauve flowers on 24 in (60 cm) bushes.‘Anthony Davis’ is a good variety forcutting with long sprays of single whiteflowers. ‘Beoley Gold’ is 18 in (45 cm)tall with a spread of 24 in (60 cm) andhas yellow-flushed foliage and singlewhite flowers. ‘County Wicklow’ is 10 in(25 cm) tall by 15 in (38 cm) and is asemi-prostrate shrub with double, palepink flowers. ‘Dark Beauty’ has rich,deep pinkish red flowers on small, com-pact plants. ‘Darkness’ is 10 in (25 cm)tall with a spread of 15 in (38 cm) andhas crimson-purple single blooms. ‘ElsiePurnell’ is a somewhat larger bush grow-ing to 15 in (38 cm) and spreading to30 in (75 cm) with gray-green foliageand long spikes of silvery pink doubleblooms that are good for cutting and⁄ordrying. ‘Fred J. Chapple’ forms neat,dense mounds dusted with white flowers.‘Gold Haze’ has a height and spread of18 in (45 cm), pale golden foliage andwhite single flowers. ‘H. E. Beale’ is quitea tall specimen to 30 in (75 cm) withgrayish green foliage and long racemes of

silvery pink double flowers held late inthe season. ‘Heidesinfonia’ is one of thebest of the mauve-pink forms; flowersare produced abundantly on long spikesthat are good for cutting. ‘J. H. Hamil-ton’ is a dwarf plant to 6 in (15 cm) witha spread of 10 in (25 cm) and needs care-ful siting to prevent it being overgrownby larger varieties; it has double pinkflowers. ‘Joy Vanstone’ has light-coloredfoliage turning orange in winter and pro-duces single pink flowers. ‘Kerstin’ has aspread of 18 in (45 cm) and foliage thatturns deep lilac-gray in winter thencream to red as spring unfurls; flowersare mauve. ‘Kinlochruel’ grows to 12 in(30 cm) tall with a spread of 15 in (38 cm)and has bright green foliage, turningbronze in the colder months, and doublewhite flowers; it is very free flowering.‘Mair’s Variety’ is an upright shrubwhich grows to 24 in (60 cm) in heightwith an almost identical spread and haspure white single flowers held on longstems, making it excellent for cutting.‘Mullion’ grows to 8 in (20 cm) withlilac-pink flowers held on short racemes.‘Multicolor’ is 4 in (10 cm) tall with a10 in (25 cm) spread and is a compactvariety with interesting yellow-green fo-liage tinged orange and red with racemesof mauve blooms. ‘Orange Queen’ is avery compact plant grown for its foliage,golden yellow in summer changing to

deep burnt-orange in winter; it has singlepink flowers. ‘Robert Chapman’ is 12 in(30 cm) tall by twice this in width and isan excellent accent plant with golden-yellow foliage in spring and summerturning to bronze shades during thecolder months; it has lavender flowers.‘Silver Queen’ is 15 in (38 cm) tall andspreads to 24 in (60 cm) with downy,silver-gray leaves offset by pale mauvesingle flowers. ‘Sir John Charrington’ is15 in (38 cm) and has golden-yellow foli-age during the summer turning to falltones during winter with single mauve-pink blooms. ‘Sister Anne’ is a compactbush that grows to only 4 in (10 cm)high but spreads to 10 in (25 cm) and iscovered with mauve blooms offsettingthe gray-green foliage, which becomesbronze during the colder months.‘Spring Cream’ is 15 in (38 cm) tall by18 in (45 cm) wide with cream-tippedmid-green leaves in spring and whitesingle flowers. ‘Sunset’ is 10 in (25 cm)tall with golden-yellow spring foliage be-coming deeper in summer and turningto vivid fall tones in winter; it has lilac-pink flowers. ‘Tib’ has a more open habitwith a spread of 15 in (38 cm) and deeppink double flowers during the height ofsummer. ‘Velvet Dome’ is attractive inor out of bloom, forming tight buns ofdense, deep green foliage. ‘WalterIngwersen’ has a loose, open habit and

Calluna vulgaris ‘Allegretto’ Calluna vulgaris ‘Anchy Ann’ Calluna vulgaris ‘Dark Beauty’

Calluna vulgaris ‘Fred J. Chapple’ Calluna vulgaris ‘Heidesinfonia’

Calluna vulgaris ‘Kerstin’ Calluna vulgaris ‘Multicolor’

Calluna vulgaris ‘Orange Queen’

Calluna vulgaris ‘Robert Chapman’ Calluna vulgaris ‘Spring Cream’

Calluna vulgaris ‘Velvet Dome’

Calluna vulgaris ‘Walter Ingwersen’

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Erysimum ‘Golden Bedder’syn. Cheiranthus ‘Golden Bedder’

This is one of the color forms of theBedder Series, bred for compact shapeand available in shades from creamthrough yellow to orange and red. Theycan flower for months, often starting inwinter in mild climates. ‘Golden Bedder’is a rich golden yellow. ZONES 8–10.

Erysimum ‘Harpur Crewe’syn. Erysimum � kewensis ‘Harpur Crewe’

This lovely hybrid between Erysimumcheiri and E. bicolor has sweetly scented,double yellow flowers. It grows to 12 in(30 cm) high. It has been known sincethe seventeenth century. ZONES 8–10.

Erysimum helveticumsyn. Erysimum pumilum

This small, tufted perennial from themountains of southern, central and east-ern Europe grows to 6 in (15 cm) tallwith linear, lance-shaped leaves andfragrant, bright yellow flowers in latesummer. ‘Yellow Bird’ is a dwarf,compact grower to 4 in (10 cm).ZONES 5–9.

Erysimum hieraciifoliumSIBERIAN WALLFLOWER

Native to Europe and northern Asia,this bushy evergreen is short lived andshould be grown as a biennial. It hastoothed, mid-green leaves and bearsbright yellow or orange flowers in spring,putting on a dazzling display for a longperiod. Slow growing, it reaches a heightand spread of about 12 in (30 cm). It isfully frost hardy, preferring light, well-drained, fertile soil and a sunny position.ZONES 6–9.

Erysimum ‘Jubilee Gold’

This is a bushy plant to 15 in (38 cm)high with lance-shaped leaves andgolden-yellow flowers in short clusters inspring. ZONES 7–10.

Erysimum linifolium

Native to Spain and Portugal, thisnarrow-leafed, mat-forming perennialgrows to about 30 in (75 cm) tall and haslong spikes of comparatively small, deepmauve flowers almost all year round inmild climates. Several forms exist includ-ing ‘Bicolor’, with pink-mauve as well aswhite flowers, and ‘Variegatum’, withmauve flowers and white-edged leaves.ZONES 6–10.

Erysimum ‘Moonlight’

This is a mat-forming evergreen peren-nial to 10 in (25 cm) tall and about 18 in(45 cm) wide. It flowers from earlyspring well into summer and producesshort racemes of cheerful sulfur-yellowflowers. Erysimum ‘Moonlight’ wouldmake a most attractive rock-garden plantor subject for the front of a border.ZONES 6–9.

Erysimum mutabilesyn. Cheiranthus mutabilis

This much-branched shrub from theCanary Islands and Madeira grows to 3 ft(1 m) high and has narrow, lance-shapedleaves. In spring the flowers open paleyellow and age to a purplish color. It ismarginally frost hardy. ZONES 9–11.

Erysimum ochroleucumsyn. Erysimum decumbens

This short-lived perennial should begrown as a biennial. It has spreadingstems to 12 in (30 cm) or more tall,lance-shaped leaves and bright yellowflowers in spring and summer.ZONES 6–9.

Erysimum perofskianum

This biennial or short-lived perennial isusually treated as an annual in gardens.It grows to 15 in (38 cm) tall and about10 in (25 cm) wide and has dark green,slightly toothed leaves to 4 in (10 cm)long. It produces its orange to orange-red flowers in spikes of up to 40 bloomsin summer. This rosette-forming plant isnative to Afghanistan and Pakistan.ZONES 7–9.

ERYTHRINACORAL TREE

The 108 species of deciduous and semi-evergreen trees and shrubs in this genusoccur wild in tropical and subtropical re-gions around the world, though withmost species in the Americas and Africa.Belonging to the bean tribe of the leg-umes, they are grown as ornamentals fortheir vividly hued flowers. Their trunksand branches are protected by short,sharp prickles; many species have weakbranches that tend to fall in storms. Theleaves are compound with 3 broad, oftendiamond-shaped leaflets. Bean-likeflowers in scarlet, crimson or orange areborne in racemes towards the ends of thebranches at varying times of the year

(some species in mid-winter), followedby narrow seed pods that dry and brownas they ripen.CULTIVATION: Most species are notfrost hardy, but some are happy enoughin exposed coastal locations. They allenjoy full sun and well-drained soil.Spider mites may be a problem. Propa-gation is from seed in spring or cuttingsin summer.

Erythrina acanthocarpaTAMBOOKIE THORN

This deciduous shrub from southernAfrica forms a thicket of stiff, thornybranches to 6 ft (1.8 m) tall and oftenwider. The elongated pea-flowers, scarlettipped with yellow and green, make aspectacular show in late spring and earlysummer. ZONES 9–11.

Erythrina � bidwilliiHYBRID CORAL TREE

This hybrid between Erythrina crista-galliand E. herbacea originated in Australia inthe 1840s. It is an upright, deciduousshrub growing to around 10 ft (3 m) tall.The vivid dark red flowers appear fromlate spring to mid-fall (autumn) on longracemes at the ends of the currentseason’s growth so it is important toprune in early spring to ensure a goodfloral display. In cooler climates it isbest treated as an herbaceous plant.ZONES 9–11.

Erythrina caffrasyns Erythrina constantiana, E. insignisSOUTH AFRICAN CORAL TREE, KAFFIRBOOM

This semi-evergreen tree with a broad,open crown quickly reaches about30–60 ft (9–18 m) and is often grown asa shade tree in its native South Africa.The compound leaves, 6 in (15 cm) wide,have 3 broad leaflets. From late spring toearly summer clusters of pale orange toorange-red flowers are borne on almostbare branches (sometimes quite thorny).

Erysimum perofskianum Erysimum ‘Moonlight’

Erysimum linifolium

Erysimum ochroleucum

Erysimum ‘Golden Bedder’ Erysimum ‘Jubilee Gold’

Erythrina � bidwillii

Erythrina acanthocarpa

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Gymnocalycium mihanovichiiPLAID CACTUS

This Paraguayan species has flattened,grayish green, globular stems 2 in(5 cm) in diameter. These have 8 ribsand horizontal grooves above and belowthe areoles which bear short brownishyellow spines. Pink or greenish yellowflowers appear in early summer. Anumber of cultivars with stems ofdifferent colors or variegated havebecome popular. Some lack chlorophylland so must be grafted onto a normalgreen cactus to survive; the best known isthe brilliant red ‘Red Head’ (syn.‘Hibotan’). ‘Variegatum’ has stemsirregularly blotched red and bronzygreen. ZONES 9–11.

Gymnocalycium quehlianum

From Argentina, this cactus grows to 2 in(5 cm) high and 3 in (8 cm) across. It hasa gray-green stem with up to 15 ribs. Palebrown spines develop in whorls, butthere are no central spines. It bears whitefunnel-shaped flowers with pinkishthroats in early summer. ZONES 9–11.

Gymnocalycium saglionis

Native to northwestern Argentina, thisrounded cactus grows to 4 in (10 cm)high and up to 12 in (30 cm) wide. It hasa mid-green stem with 30 or more ribswith prominent tubercles. Reddishbrown spines develop in whorls andthere are about 3 central spines. It bearssmall, very pale pink to almost whiteflowers in early summer. ZONES 9–11.

Gymnocalycium tillianum

This short, squat Argentinian cactusgrows 4 in (10 cm) tall and 6 in (15 cm)wide. It has long, black-brown spinesand small pink flowers in spring. Spheri-cal fruit follow in summer. ZONES 9–11.

GYMNOCARPIUMConsisting of 5 species, this genus ofdeciduous, ground-covering ferns thatspread by creeping rhizomes can befound on all northern continents. All areattractive and useful ferns, 12–15 in(30–38 cm) tall with triangular frondsthat may be bluish, green or yellow-green in color. Rhizomes are tough andtenacious and the plants should only be

grown where they can be contained orwhere they will not become a nuisance.CULTIVATION: Best and most luxuriantin full shade but tolerant of a few hoursof daily sun, these ferns need moist,fertile soil that contains plenty of rottedorganic matter. They are an appropriateground cover under groups of trees orlarge shrubs so long as their water needsare not neglected. Hardiness varies withspecies but all will take at least somefrost. Propagate by sowing spores orby division.

Gymnocarpium dryopterisOAK FERN

From Europe, Asia and North America,this is a lovely fern with yellowish frondsabout 15 in (38 cm) long. The creepingrhizome by which it spreads is wiry,black and shiny and the triangular frondsunroll from a tight sphere. ‘Plumosum’,with its larger, denser fronds, is generallythought to be even more attractive.ZONES 3–9.

GYMNOCLADUSDistinctive for their enormous, hand-some bipinnate leaves, the 4 deciduoustrees of this genus, allied to Gleditsia,come from North America and East Asia.Small, greenish white flowers appearonly in prolonged warm weather. Theseeds and pods of different species havebeen used for soap and as a coffeesubstitute. Only female trees bear fruits.CULTIVATION: Cool-climate plants,they require full sun and deep, well-drained, fertile soil. Propagate from seedin fall (autumn).

Gymnocladus dioicaKENTUCKY COFFEE TREE

From moist woodland areas of the east-ern USA, this slow-growing tree reaches70 ft (21 m) tall and 50 ft (15 m) wide.The large compound leaves, up to 3 ft(1 m) long, are pinkish bronze when

young. The small, star-shaped whiteflowers are fragrant and are borne inearly summer followed, on the femaleplants, by pendent reddish brown podsto 10 in (25 cm) long. The seeds wereonce roasted and ground for a coffee-likebeverage. ZONES 4–10.

GYMNOSTOMAThis genus of about 20 species of attrac-tive cypress-like trees occurs in islands ofthe southwest Pacific and Malay Archi-pelago; a single species occurs in north-ern Australia. They are not conifers butare close relatives of Casuarina, in whichgenus they were formerly included. Theydiffer from Casuarina and Allocasuarinaby having only 4 tiny scale leaves at eachjoint of the slender needles, and by thelong ‘beaks’ radiating from the cone-likestructures containing the seeds. One ortwo species are planted for ornamentand shade in wetter parts of the Asiantropics, and the Australian species isbecoming well known in cultivation.CULTIVATION: They prefer sheltered,humid situations and deep, moist,humus-rich soil. Propagation is fromseed or cuttings.

Gymnostoma australianum

This is Australia’s only member of thegenus, known in the wild solely on onehigh granite mountain near the mouth ofthe Daintree River in northeasternQueensland. It can become a small,bushy crowned tree of about 20 ft (6 m),but is usually grown as a neat, conical,10 ft (3 m) shrub with dense, deep greenfoliage. ZONES 10–12.

GYNANDRIRISThis genus of 9 species of iris-likecormous plants is native mainly to SouthAfrica, but also occurs in the Mediterra-nean region and southwest Asia. Theyhave one or two narrow, channelledbasal leaves and produce a succession ofshort-lived flowers. Each flower consistsof 3 long, spreading outer petals and3 smaller, erect inner petals.CULTIVATION: Moderately frost hardy,they require well-drained soil in full sun.They are from winter rainfall areas andneed dry summer conditions. Propagatefrom seed or cormlets.

Gynandriris sisyrinchiumsyn. Iris sisyrinchium

This species from the Mediterranean andwestern Asia grows to 8 in (20 cm) highand bears violet-blue, iris-like flowers

Gymnocalycium mihanovichii

G. mihanovichii ‘Variegatum’

Gymnocalycium saglionis Gymnocalycium tillianum

Gymnocladus dioica Gymnocladus dioica

Gymnostoma australianum

G Y M N O C A L Y C I U M


L


5 2 2

Leucospermum cordifoliumsyn. Leucospermum nutansNODDING PINCUSHION

Growing 3–6 ft (1–1.8 m) tall with aspread of about 3 ft (1 m), this specieshas a well-branched habit with sturdy,flowering branches bearing gray-green,very broad leaves and terminalflowerheads. These distinctive, dome-shaped blooms in yellow, orange andred tones are held over a long periodthrough summer. ‘Flame Spike’ hasdeep orange-red flowerheads. ‘RedSunset’, a hybrid with Leucospermumlineare, bears red and gold flowers inspring. ZONES 9–11.

Leucospermum erubescens

A somewhat rare species in the wild,Leucospermum erubescens is restricted tothe Langeberg Mountains east of CapeTown, where it grows on dry rocky hills.It is an erect, rather stiff shrub up to 6 ft(1.8 m) high with narrow, blunt leavestoothed at the apex. From late winter to

early summer it produces clusters offlowerheads at the branch tips, openinghoney yellow but ageing dull pink. Thisis only one of many beautiful Leuco-spermum species that await more generalcultivation. ZONES 9–10.

Leucospermum formosum

Closely allied to and very similar to thegreen-leafed Leucospermum catherinae,this native of the southwest Cape hashairy gray-green leaves and in springproduces hemispherical flowerheads withpale orange-yellow styles. ZONES 9–10.

Leucospermum glabrum

This shrub measures 10 ft (3 m) andhas bright green leaves. The flowers havebright scarlet styles and deep red rib-bons. ZONES 9–10.

Leucospermum grandiflorum

Found in the hills and mountains ofsoutheastern Cape Province, this 5 ft(1.5 m) tall species is notable for itsunusual flowerheads. They open frommid-winter to early summer and haverelatively few styles. The styles, which are

yellow, point almost directly upwardsand are tipped with red pollen recepta-cles. ZONES 9–11.

Leucospermum mundii

This species, another from the LangebergMountains, has light green leaves withup to 17 notch-like teeth at their tips.The small brush-like flowerheads occurin clusters at the stem tips and open paleyellow then age to golden brown. Theyappear from mid-winter to late spring.ZONES 9–10.

Leucospermum oleifolium

This shrub grows 3–5 ft (1–1.5 m) talland has clusters of flowers that are paleyellow changing to orange then deepcrimson. ZONES 9–10.

Leucospermum reflexumROCKET PINCUSHION

This species makes an erect shrub up to10 ft (3 m) tall with a spread of 6 ft(1.8 m). The small, silvery leaves areclasped to the stems in a compactmanner while the terminal crimson,yellow-tipped, spiky, reflexed flowers areborne profusely through spring andsummer. Leucospermum reflexum var.luteum grows to over 12 ft (3.5 m) talland has light, gray-green foliage andclear light yellow flowers. ZONES 9–10.

Leucospermum tottumsyn. Leucospermum gueinziiFIREWHEEL PINCUSHION

This dense shrub grows to 5 ft (1.5 m)high and wide. Its long, narrow, gray-green, oblong leaves are covered withfine, short hairs. The dome-shapedflowerheads, 3–4 in (8–10 cm) wide andopening in spring and summer, arepinkish red with numerous cream stylesradiating from the central boss.‘Scarlet Ribbon’ is a cross betweenLeucospermum tottum and L. glabrumwith bright pink flowers and yellowstyles. ‘Golden Star’, a cross betweenL. tottum and L. cordifolium, has lightyellow flowers on long slender stems.ZONES 9–11.

L E U C O S P E R M U M

Leucospermum cordifolium Leucospermum cordifolium ‘Flame Spike’

Leucospermum erubescens

Leucospermum formosum

Leucospermum glabrum

Leucospermum grandiflorum

Leucospermum mundii Leucospermum oleifolium Leucospermum reflexum

Leucospermum reflexum var. luteum

Leucospermum tottum

Leucospermum tottum ‘Scarlet Ribbon’


M


5 8 0

Miscanthus sinensisEULALIA

Probably one of the most beautiful andleast invasive of ornamental grasses, thisAsian species has undergone more selec-tion of cultivars than probably any othergrass. The wild form makes neat, uprightto slightly arching clumps up to 12 ft(3.5 m) tall although usually less. Itsleaves have a white midrib and die to asoft straw color in winter. The flower-heads are usually soft gray tinted purple-brown. ‘Gracillimus’ has very fine leavesthat color well in fall (autumn), have awhite mid-rib and arch elegantly; itrarely exceeds 4 ft (1.2 m) in height.‘Kleine Fontaine’ has arching leaves andflowers in early to mid-summer.‘Morning Light’, similar to ‘Gracillimus’,has a fine silver variegated leaf edge.‘Silberfeder’ (syn. ‘Silver Feather’) growsto 8 ft (2.4 m) and produces a generouscrop of light, open, silvery pink flowers

on slender, erect stems in fall.‘Variegatus’ has creamy white leaveswith pale green bands. ‘Yaku Jima’ is adwarf form to about 30 in (75 cm) or sowith narrow arching leaves. ‘Zebrinus’ isa tall variety with bands of gold irregu-larly positioned across the leaf blade,giving it the common name of zebragrass. ZONES 4–10.

MITCHELLAPARTRIDGE BERRY

Two species of evergreen perennialsmake up this genus: one a native ofNorth America, the other found in Japanand South Korea. They trail across theground and have glossy, deep green, ovalleaves up to 1 in (25 mm) long. In spring,they produce pairs of 4-lobed, funnel-shaped flowers about 1⁄2 in (12 mm)long. The American species has whiteflowers; the Asian pink. The flowersare followed by 1⁄2 in (12 mm) 2-lobedwhite or red berries, rather like 2 berriesfused together.CULTIVATION: Plant in moist, well-drained soil in sun or part-shade. Theyare fully frost hardy. Propagate fromseed, layers or cuttings.

Mitchella repensTWO-EYED BERRY, RUNNING BOX,

PARTRIDGEBERRY

This North American species growsinto a prostrate mat of dark green foliagewith white veins to 3⁄4 in (18 mm) long. Itssmall white flowers are often tinged pink;they are produced in early summer andare followed by bright red berries. It pre-fers acid soil and plenty of moisture.ZONES 3–9.

MITELLABISHOP’S CAP, MITREWORT

This genus of some 20 species ofrhizomatous perennials originates inNorth America and northeast Asia.Allied to Heuchera and Tiarella, and verysimilar in appearance, they form clumpsof roughly heart-shaped leaves withshallow lobes and a covering of finehairs. The leaf size varies from 1⁄2–4 in(1.2–10 cm) across, depending on thespecies. The tiny green, white or pinkflowers are carried in spikes on upright,wiry stems that extend well above thefoliage clump. Up to 60 flowers per spikeappear in spring.CULTIVATION: These woodland plantsprefer moist, well-drained, humus-richsoil in sun or part-shade. They will nottolerate prolonged dry conditions, butwill withstand temperatures down to–10°F (–23°C). Propagate from seed orby dividing established clumps in latewinter to early spring.

Mitella breweri

A dainty if somewhat inconspicuousclumping plant from North America,this species has pleasant light greenfoliage that is slightly hairy and about4 in (10 cm) long. Through these densely

furnished leaves erupt its fine erectflower stems supporting tiny greenflowers, hardly showy but en masse anattractive sight. If grown in a moist,semi-shaded aspect it will self-seed andmake a good ground cover. It grows to6 in (15 cm) tall in bloom. ZONES 6–10.

MITRARIAThis genus includes just one species, anevergreen scrambling or climbingsubshrub from the south of Chile andArgentina. Its wiry stems are clothed inpointed elliptical leaves with toothededges. The leaves, around 1 in (25 mm)long, have fine hairs along their midribsand petioles. From late spring to fall(autumn), it produces 4- or 5-lobed,narrow-mouthed, orange-red tubularflowers that are up to 11⁄2 in (35 mm)long. The flowers are followed by 1⁄2 in(12 mm), fleshy, berry-like fruits.CULTIVATION: This climber is very easyto grow, if a little untidy. Plant it in cool,moist, humus-rich, peaty soil. Providedthe roots are cool, its foliage will toleratefull sun and the plant flowers better forit; otherwise grow in part-shade.Propagate from seed, layers or cuttings.

Mitraria coccinea

This is a useful and attractive subshrubwith rich glossy green leaves and a longflowering season. It can be allowed totrail over the ground, spill over banks,cascade from a hanging basket or climbup a fence through trellis or wire. Itstems can grow to 6 ft (1.8 m) or morein length. ZONES 9–11.

MOLINERIAThis small tropical genus of about7 species of lily-like perennials is distrib-Mitraria coccineaMiscanthus sinensis ‘Kleine Fontaine’

Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’

Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’

Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’ Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’

M I S C A N T H U S



apple gum (Angophora) 945apple mint (Mentha suaveolens) 572apple serviceberry (Amelanchier �

grandiflora) 87apricot (Prunus armeniaca) 709Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica) 244Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac) 489Arabis albida see Arabis caucasicaArabis ferdinandi-coburgii see Arabis

procurrensaralia (Polyscias) 696Aralia elegantissima see Schefflera

elegantissimaAralia japonica see Fatsia japonicaAralia papyrifera see Tetrapanax papyriferAralia sieboldii see Fatsia japonicaAraucaria excelsa see Araucaria heterophyllaAraucaria imbricata see Araucaria araucanaAraujia hortorum see Araujia sericiferaAraujia sericofera see Araujia sericiferaarbor-vitae (Thuja) 883arbutus (Arbutus unedo) 106Arbutus glandulosa see Arbutus xalapensisArbutus texana see Arbutus xalapensisarchangel (Lamium album) 508Arctotis stoechadifolia see Arctotis venustaArdisia crenulata see Ardisia crenataAreca lutescens see Chrysalidocarpus

lutescensArecastrum see SyagrusArecastrum romanzoffiana see Syagrus

romanzoffianaArgentine flame tree (Tabebuia

impetiginosa) 872Argentine trumpet vine (Clytostoma

callistegioides) 241Argyle apple (Eucalyptus cinerea) 351Argyroderma blandum see Argyroderma

delaetiiArgyropsis candida see Zephyranthes

candidaAristea thyrsiflora see Aristea majorAristolochia durior see Aristolochia

macrophyllaAristolochia elegans see Aristolochia

littoralisAristolochia sipho see Aristolochia

macrophyllaArizona ash (Fraxinus velutina) 382Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica) 274Arizona walnut (Juglans major) 490Armand pine (Pinus armandii) 678Armenian cranesbill (Geranium

psilostemon) 402Armeria caespitosa see Armeria juniperifoliaarnica (Arnica montana) 113Arnold crabapple (Malus � arnoldiana) 557Arnold hawthorn (Crataegus arnoldiana)

263Arolla pine (Pinus cembra) 678Arrhostoxylum see Ruelliaarrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) 717arrowhead (Sagittaria) 808arrowhead vine (Syngonium podophyllum)

867Arroyo lupine (Lupinus succulentus) 544Artemisia lanata see Artemisia caucasicaArtemisia pedemontana see Artemisia

caucasicaArtemisia purshiana see Artemisia

ludovicianaArtemisia tridentata see Seriphidium

tridentatumartillery plant (Pilea microphylla) 676Artocarpus communis see Artocarpus altilisArtocarpus incisa see Artocarpus altilisarugula (Eruca sativa) 344Arum dracunculus see Dracunculus vulgarisarum lily (Zantedeschia) 941Arum sanctum see Arum palaestinumAruncus sylvestris see Aruncus dioicusArundinaria murieliae see Fargesia

murieliaeArundinaria nitida see Fargesia nitidaArundinaria palmata see Sasa palmataArundinaria purpurea see Sasaella

masumuneanaArundinaria pygmaea see Pleioblastus

pygmaeusArundinaria quadrangularis see

Chimonobambusa quadrangularis

Arundinaria veitchii see Sasa veitchiiasarabacca (Asarum europaeum) 117Asarina barclayana see Maurandya

barclaianaAsarina erubescens see Lophospermum

erubescensash (Fraxinus) 380Ashanti blood (Mussaenda erythrophylla)

586Asian bell-flower (Radermachera sinica)

734Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) 633Asiatic poison lily (Crinum asiaticum) 266asoka (Saraca indica) 821Asparagus see also Protasparagusasparagus (Asparagus officinalis) 118Asparagus densiflorus see Protasparagus

densiflorusasparagus fern (Protasparagus) 706Asparagus medeoloides see Myrsiphyllum

asparagoidesAsparagus plumosus see Protasparagus

plumosusAsparagus setaceus see Protasparagus

plumosusaspen (Populus) 697–8Asperula athoa of gardens see Asperula

suberosaAsperula odorata see Galium odoratumasphodel (Asphodeline lutea) 118–19aspidistra (Aspidistra elatior) 119Asplenium filix-femina see Athyrium filix-

feminaaster (Aster) 120Aster chinensis see Callistephus chinensisAster fruticosus see Felicia fruticosaAster luteus see � Solidaster luteusatamasco lily (Zephyranthes atamasco) 942Athanasia see HymenolepisAthanasia parviflora see Hymenolepis

parvifloraAthel tree (Tamarix aphylla) 874Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis

thyoides) 219atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) 203atlas fescue (Festuca mairei) 373aubergine (Solanum melongena) 846aucuba (Aucuba) 125August lily (Hosta plantaginea) 452Australian banyan (Ficus macrophylla) 375Australian baobab (Adansonia gregorii) 56Australian beech (Nothofagus moorei) 606Australian bluebell (Wahlenbergia gloriosa)

932Australian bluebell creeper (Sollya

heterophylla) 848Australian brush cherry (Syzygium

paniculatum) 869Australian bugle (Ajuga australis) 71Australian clematis (Clematis aristata) 234Australian cliff brake (Pellaea falcata) 648Australian daphne (Pittosporum

undulatum) 686Australian fan palm (Livistona australis) 536Australian frangipani (Hymenosporum) 461Australian fuchsia (Correa) 254Australian fuchsia (Correa reflexa) 254Australian indigo (Indigofera australis) 472Australian ivy palm (Schefflera

actinophylla) 827Australian laurel (Pittosporum

rhombifolium) 686Australian mistletoe (Amylotheca) 89Australian native rose (Boronia serrulata)

148Australian native violet (Viola hederacea)

924Australian pine (Casuarina) 198Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata) 892Australian rosella (Hibiscus heterophyllus)

445Australian rosemary (Westringia fruticosa)

935Australian teak (Flindersia australis) 377Australian tea tree (Leptospermum

laevigatum) 517Australian tree fern (Cyathea cooperi) 276Australian waterlily (Nymphaea gigantea)

608Australian wisteria (Millettia megasperma)

576

Austrian black pine (Pinus nigra) 681Austrian briar (Rosa foetida) 773Austrian sage (Salvia austriaca) 812Austrian yellow (Rosa foetida) 773autumn cassia (Senna corymbosa) 837autumn crocus (Colchicum) 244autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) 244autumn crocus (Sternbergia) 859autumn daffodil (Sternbergia) 859autumn elaeagnus (Elaeagnus umbellata)

325autumn fern (Dryopteris erythrosora) 316autumn moor grass (Sesleria autumnalis)

840autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) 325autumn sage (Salvia greggii) 814autumn snowflake (Leucojum autumnale)

521autumn squash (Curcurbita maxima) 271Avena candida see Helictotrichon

sempervirensAvena sempervirens see Helictotrichon

sempervirensavens (Geum) 404avocado (Persea americana) 654Azalea see RhododendronAzores bay (Laurus azorica) 512Azores bellflower (Campanula vidalii) 186Azores heath (Daboecia azorica) 286Azorina vidalii see Campanula vidaliiAztec lily (Sprekelia) 856Aztec marigold (Tagetes erecta) 873

Bbabao (Syagrus comosa) 865babassu palm (Orbignya) 616Babiana disticha see Babiana plicatababoon flower (Babiana) 130baby blue-eyes (Nemophila menziesii) 598baby gladiolus (Gladiolus � colvillei) 405baby rubber plant (Peperomia obtusifolia)

653baby snapdragon (Linaria maroccana) 532baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata) 419baby’s tears (Soleirolia) 847Babylon weeping willow (Salix babylonica)

810bachelor’s buttons (Cenia turbinata) 207bachelor’s buttons (Centaurea cyanus) 207bachelor’s buttons (Craspedia uniflora) 261bachelor’s buttons (Gomphrena globosa)

409bachelor’s buttons (Ranunculus

aconitifolius) 734Bacopa see Suterabacurubu (Schizolobium parahybum) 828Baja fairy duster (Calliandra californica)

168bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) 876baldmoney (Meum) 575Balearic boxwood (Buxus balearica) 161balisier (Heliconia caribaea) 436Balkan primrose (Ramonda myconi) 734ball cactus (Parodia) 639ball fern (Davallia mariesii) 292balloon flower (Platycodon) 688balloon pea (Sutherlandia frutescens) 865balloon vine (Cardiospermum

grandiflorum) 190balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum)

190balm (Melissa) 571balm of Gilead (Cedronella) 203balsam apple (Clusia rosea) 241balsam fir (Abies balsamea) 35Balsamita major see Tanacetum balsamitabamboo (Bambusa) 131bamboo grass (Stipa ramosissima) 861bamboo muhly (Muhlenbergia dumosa)

584bamboo orchid (Thunia alba) 885bamboo palm (Chamaedorea erumpens)

220bamburanta (Ctenanthe lubbersiana) 271Bambusa glaucescens see Bambusa multiplexbanana (Musa) 585banana (Musa acuminata) 585banana passion flower (Passiflora

mollissima) 642banana shrub (Michelia figo) 575banana yucca (Yucca baccata) 939

baneberry (Actaea) 55bangalow palm (Archontophoenix

cunninghamiana) 106banjo fig (Ficus lyrata) 375Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii see

Banksia cunninghamiiBanks’s grevillea (Grevillea banksii) 411banyan (Ficus benghalensis) 374baobab (Adansonia) 56baobab (Adansonia digitata) 56Barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra) 557Barbados fig (Opuntia vulgaris) 619Barbados holly (Malpighia coccigera) 557Barbados lily (Hippeastrum) 447Barbados pride (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)

164Barbassu palm (Orbignya) 619barbel palm (Acanthophoenix) 43barberry (Berberis) 138Barberton daisy (Gerbera jamesonii) 403barley (Hordeum) 450barley (Hordeum vulgare) 450Barosma betulina see Agathosma betulinabarrel cactus (Echinopsis oxygona) 323barrel cactus (Ferocactus) 371–2barren strawberry (Potentilla sterilis) 701barrenwort (Epimedium) 331Barringtonia speciosa see Barringtonia

asiaticaBartlettina megalophylla see Eupatorium

megalophyllumBartonia aurea see Mentzelia lindleyibaseball plant (Euphorbia obesa) 362basil (Ocimum) 610basil (Ocimum basilicum) 610–11basil thyme (Acinos arvensis) 52basket flower (Hymenocallis narcissiflora)

460basket grass (Oplismenus) 617basket oak (Quercus prinus) 732basket of gold (Aurinia saxatilis) 126basket willow (Salix purpurea) 811basket willow (Salix viminalis) 811basswood (Tilia americana) 889bastard box (Polygala chamaebuxus) 695bastard olive (Buddleja saligna) 159bat flower (Tacca integrifolia) 872–3bat plant (Tacca integrifolia) 872–3bat’s-wing coral tree (Erythrina vespertilio)

348Bauer’s grevillea (Grevillea baueri) 411Bauhinia punctata see Bauhinia galpiniibayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) 588bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) 512bay tree (Laurus nobilis) 512beach aster (Erigeron glaucus) 340beach bean (Canavalia rosea) 187beach evening primrose (Oenothera

drummondii) 612beach lily (Crinum pedunculatum) 266beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae)

474beach pine (Pinus contorta) 679beach plum (Prunus maritima) 712beach salvia (Salvia africana-lutea) 812beach she-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia) 198beach speedwell (Veronica longifolia) 917beach wormwood (Artemisia stelleriana)

115bead plant (Nertera granadensis) 603bead tree (Melia) 570beaked yucca (Yucca rostrata) 941bean (Phaseolus) 659bean sprout (Vigna radiata) 922bear grass (Dasylirion) 291bear grass (Xerophyllum tenax) 939bear’s breeches (Acanthus) 44bearberry (Arctostaphylos) 106bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) 107bearberry (Rhamnus purshiana) 739bearberry cotoneaster (Cotoneaster

dammeri) 259beard-lip penstemon (Penstemon barbatus)

650beargrass (Camassia) 175–6beargrass (Festuca eskia) 373bearskin grass (Festuca eskia) 373Beatrice watsonia (Watsonia pillansii) 933beautiful honey plant (Hoya lanceolata

subsp. bella) 454beauty berry (Callicarpa) 168

I N D E X O F C O M M O N N A M E S A N D S Y N O N Y M S 9 7 1



Publisher Gordon Cheers

Introduced by William Warren

Managing editors Susan Page, Margaret Olds

Chief consultant Tony Rodd

Consultants William Warren (Asia)Geoff Bryant (NZ)Lynton Johnson (SA)Barbara Segall (UK)R. J. Turner Jr. (USA)Ernie Wasson (USA)

Writers Geoff BurnieSue ForresterDenise GreigSarah GuestMichelle HarmonySue HobleyGregory JacksonDr Peter LavarackMelanie LetgettDr Ross McDonaldStirling MacoboyBill MolyneuxDouglas MoodieJudy MooreDalys NewmanTim NorthProfessor Kristo PienaarGraeme PurdyJulie SilkStephen Ryan of

Dicksonia Rare Plants, Mt Macedon, Vic

Gina Schien

Editors Lisa FoulisMarlene MeynertDee RogersJanet ParkerKate EtheringtonHeather JacksonSiobhan O´ConnorMarie-Louise TaylorJulie StantonLoretta BarnardLouise EgertonDoreen GrézouxGillian GillettDenise ImwoldValerie MarlboroughGisela MirwisMargaret McPheeSteve SamuelsonPhilippa SandallSarah ShrubJudith Simpson

Picture research Gordon Cheers

Art directors Stan Lamond, Bob Mitchell

Page layout Joy Eckermann

Picture sizing Jean BurnardPublishing manager Linda Watchorn

Publishing assistant Sarah Sherlock

Maps Stan Lamond, Graham Keane

Map zone consultant Dr. J. Gentilli

Photo library Suzannah Porter

Chief photographer James Young

Index Lisa Foulis

Typesetting Dee Rogers

Copyright © Random House Australia 2003Published by Random House Australia Pty Ltd20 Alfred Street, Milsons Point, NSW Australia 2061tel 02 9954 9966fax 02 9954 9008

http://randomhouse.com.au

Sydney New York TorontoLondon Auckland Johannesburgand agencies throughout the world

First published in 1997Second edition, revised, published 1998Third edition, revised, published 1999

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

Photos © Random House Australia Pty Ltd 1997, 1998from Random House Photo LibraryText © Random House Australia Pty Ltd 1997, 1998

© for this edition: 2004, h.f.ullmann publishing GmbH

Cover design: Simone StickerCover photo: Getty Images

Overall responsibility for production: h.f.ullmann publishing GmbH, Potsdam, Germany

Printed in China, 2013

ISBN: 978-3-8480-0287-0

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I N D E X O F C O M M O N N A M E S A N D S Y N O N Y M S 9 7 3

Abluebell creeper (Sollya heterophylla) 848bluebells (Wahlenbergia) 932blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 326blueberry climber (Ampelopsis

brevipedunculata) 88blueberry elder (Sambucus caerulea) 817blue-leafed apple (Eucalyptus cinerea) 351bluewings (Torenia fournieri) 892bluff lettuce (Dudleya) 316blunt tongue greenhood (Pterostylis

obtusa) 721blushing bride (Serruria florida) 839blushing bromeliad (Neoregelia carolinae)

599blushing bromeliad (Nidularium fulgens)

604blushing philodendron (Philodendron

erubescens) 662boab (Adansonia) 56bo tree (Ficus religiosa) 375boat lily (Tradescantia spathacea) 894Bocconia cordata see Macleaya cordataBodinier beauty berry (Callicarpa

bodinieri) 168bog arum (Calla) 167bog bean (Menyanthes trifoliata) 572bog myrtle (Myrica gale) 588bog pimpernel (Anagallis tenella) 90bog rosemary (Andromeda) 91bog sage (Salvia uliginosa) 817bog star (Parnassia) 638bokbaai vygie (Dorotheanthus bellidiformis)

312bokhara fleece flower (Fallopia

baldschuanica) 369Bokhara iris (Iris bucharica) 476Bomarea kalbreyeri see Bomarea caldasiibonavist bean (Lablab) 504boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera)

226boneset (Symphytum officinale) 866boobialla (Myoporum insulare) 587boomerang wattle (Acacia amoena) 39bopple nut (Macadamia tetraphylla) 552borage (Borago officinalis) 147border forsythia (Forsythia � intermedia)

378border penstemon (Penstemon �

gloxinioides) 651boree (Acacia pendula) 42Boronia elatior see Boronia molloyaeBorzicactus see OreocereusBorzicactus celsianus see Oreocereus

celsianusBoston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) 601Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) 640Bot River protea (Protea compacta) 707bottle gentian (Gentiana andrewsii) 399bottle palm (Hyophorbe lagenicaulis) 461bottle plant (Hatiora salicornioides) 427bottle tree (Adansonia gregorii) 56bottlebrush (Callistemon) 169Bougainvillea ‘Hawaiian Scarlet’ see

Bougainvillea ‘Scarlett O’Hara’Bougainvillea ‘Helen Johnson’ see

Bougainvillea ‘Temple Fire’Bougainvillea ‘San Diego Red’ see

Bougainvillea ‘Scarlett O’Hara’bouncing bet (Saponaria officinalis) 820Bouvardia humboldtii see Bouvardia

longifloraBouvardia triphylla see Bouvardia ternifoliabower plant (Pandorea jasminoides) 634bower vine (Pandorea jasminoides) 634Bowles’ golden grass (Milium effusum

‘Aureum’) 576Bowles’ mint (Mentha � villosa f.

alopecuroides) 572bowman’s root (Gilia trifoliata) 404bowman’s root (Veronicastrum virginicum)

917bowstring hemp (Sansevieria) 819box (Buxus) 161box holly (Ruscus aculeatus) 805box honeysuckle (Lonicera nitida) 540box sand myrtle (Leiophyllum buxifolium)

515box-elder maple (Acer negundo) 46boxthorn (Lycium) 546Boykinia heucheriformis see Boykinia

jamesii

bracelet honey myrtle (Melaleucaarmillaris) 569

Brachychiton diversifolius see Brachychitonpopulneus

Brachyscome see Brachycomebrake fern (Pellaea) 648brake fern (Pteris) 719bramble (Rubus fruticosus) 802–3brand bush (Grewia flava) 415brass buttons (Cotula coronopifolia) 260Brassaia see ScheffleraBrassaia actinophylla see Schefflera

actinophyllaBrassavola digbyana see Rhyncholaelia

digbyanaBrazil cherry (Eugenia brasiliensis) 357Brazil raintree (Brunfelsia pauciflora) 157Brazilian bell-flower (Abutilon

megapotamicum) 38Brazilian firecracker (Manettia luteorubra)

563Brazilian flame vine (Pyrostegia) 726Brazilian ginger (Dichorisandra thyrsiflora)

304Brazilian ironwood (Caesalpinia ferrea)

164Brazilian jasmine (Mandevilla sanderi) 563Brazilian nightshade (Solanum

seaforthianum) 846Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus

terebinthifolius) 828Brazilian plume (Justicia carnea) 494Brazilian red cloak (Megaskepasma) 568bread tree (Encephalartos altensteinii) 327breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) 115breath of heaven (Coleonema pulchellum)

245brewer’s saltbush (Atriplex lentiformis

subsp. breweri) 125brewer’s weeping spruce (Picea breweriana)

672Bribie Island pine (Callitris columellaris)

171bridal heath (Erica bauera) 336bridal wreath (Francoa) 380bridal wreath (Spiraea ‘Arguta’) 854bridal wreath (Stephanotis floribunda) 859Bridgesia spicata see Ercilla volubilisbrigalow (Acacia harpophylla) 41Brisbane box (Lophostemon confertus) 542bristle cone pine (Pinus aristata) 678bristle grass (Setaria) 840British Columbia wild ginger (Asarum

caudatum) 117brittlebrush (Encelia farinosa) 327brittle gum (Eucalyptus mannifera) 353brittle willow (Salix fragilis) 810Brittonastrum mexicanum see Agastache

mexicanabroad bean (Vicia faba) 922broad-leafed drumsticks (Isopogon

anemonifolius) 484broad-leafed linden (Tilia platyphyllos) 890broad-leafed paperbark (Melaleuca

quinquinervia) 569broad-leafed paperbark (Melaleuca

viridiflora) 570broad-leafed pondweed (Potamogeton

natans) 700broad-leafed scribbly gum (Eucalyptus

haemastoma) 353broad-leaved marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza

majalis) 287broccoli (Brassica oleracea) 154Brodiaea capitata see Dichelostemma

pulchellumBrodiaea grandiflora see Triteleia

grandifloraBrodiaea hyacinthina see Triteleia

hyacinthinaBrodiaea ida-maia see Dichelostemma ida-

maiaBrodiaea ixioides see Triteleia ixioidesBrodiaea laxa see Triteleia laxaBrodiaea pulchella see Dichelostemma

pulchellumBrodiaea purdyi see Brodiaea minorBrodiaea uniflora see Ipheion uniflorumbrome grass (Bromus) 156bull bay (Magnolia grandiflora) 554bull oak (Allocasuarina luehmannii) 78

bulrush (Typha latifolia) 905bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) 251bunny ears (Opuntia microdasys) 618–19bunya bunya (Araucaria bidwillii) 104bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii) 104bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) 731Burdett’s banksia (Banksia burdettii) 131Burkwood ceanothus (Ceanothus

‘Burkwoodii’) 201Burkwood viburnum (Viburnum �

burkwoodii) 918Burmese honeysuckle (Lonicera

hildebrandiana) 540Burmese plumbago (Ceratostigma griffithii)

210–11burn plant (Aloe vera) 83burnet (Sanguisorba) 818burnet bloodwort (Sanguisorba officinalis)

819Burnet rose (Rosa pimpinellifolia) 774burning bush (Bassia scoparia f.

trichophylla) 134burning bush (Dictamnus) 305burning bush (Dictamnus albus) 305burr rose (Rosa roxburghii ‘Plena’) 774burrawang (Macrozamia communis) 553burr-marigold (Bidens) 144burro tail (Sedum morganianum) 833burser’s saxifrage (Saxifraga burseriana)

823bush anemone (Carpenteria) 193bush cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) 700bush clover (Lespedeza thunbergii) 518bush germander (Teucrium fruticans) 881bush honeysuckle (Diervilla) 306bush lavender (Lavandula stoechas) 513bush lily (Clivia miniata) 241bush lily (Crinum moorei) 266bush milkweed (Asclepias subulata) 117bush morning glory (Convolvulus cneorum)

248bush penstemon (Penstemon ambiguus)

650bush poppy (Dendromecon) 297bush snapdragon (Keckiella antirrhinoides

var. antirrhinoides) 498bush-tick berry (Chrysanthemoides

monilifera) 226bush violet (Browallia) 156bushman’s poison (Acokanthera

oblongifolia) 53busy Lizzie (Impatiens walleriana) 471butcher’s broom (Ruscus) 805butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus) 805butia palm (Butia capitata) 161butt ixia (Ixia paniculata) 485buttercup (Ranunculus) 734buttercup winter hazel (Corylopsis

pauciflora) 255butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) 159butterfly delphinium (Delphinium

grandiflorum) 293butterfly flag (Diplarrena moraea) 309butterfly flower (Schizanthus) 828butterfly palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)

225butterfly pea (Clitoria ternata) 241butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) 117butternut (Juglans cinerea) 490butterwort (Pinguicula) 677button cactus (Epithelantha micromeris)

333button fern (Pellaea rotundifolia) 648buttonwood (Platanus occidentalis) 687

Ccabbage (Brassica oleracea) 154cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) 808cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) 808cabbage tree (Cordyline) 249cabbage tree (Cussonia paniculata) 275cabbage-tree palm (Livistona australis) 536cacao (Theobroma) 882cactus geranium (Pelargonium echinatum)

644cadaga (Corymbia torelliana) 355cajeput tree (Melaleuca leucadendra) 569cajun (Cajanus) 164calabash (Amphitecna) 89Caladium � hortulanum see Caladium

bicolor

calamint (Acinos) 52calamint (Calamintha) 165calamondin (� Citrofortunella microcarpa)

232Calceolaria violacea see Jovellana violaceacalico bush (Kalmia latifolia) 497calico flower (Aristolochia littoralis) 112California bay tree (Umbellularia) 909California black flowering sedge (Carex

nudata) 191California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) 731California blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium

bellum) 843California buckeye (Aesculus californica) 62California buckthorn (Rhamnus

californica) 739California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera)

932–3California holly (Heteromeles) 443California laurel (Umbellularia) 909California lilac (Ceanothus) 201California live oak (Quercus agrifolia) 730California maidenhair (Adiantum jordanii)

58California nutmeg (Torreya californica) 829California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia) 290California poppy (Eschscholzia) 349California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium)

526California redwood (Sequoia) 838California rock cress (Arabis

blepharophylla) 103California rock fern (Polypodium) 696California sycamore (Platanus racemosa)

688California tree poppy (Romneya coulteri)

771Californian allspice (Calycanthus

occidentalis) 175Californian black sage (Salvia mellifera)

814Californian bluebell (Phacelia

campanularia) 658Californian desert bluebell (Phacelia

campanularia) 658Californian fawn lily (Erythronium

californicum) 348Californian firecracker (Dichelostemma

ida-maia) 304Californian fuchsia (Zauschneria

californica) 942Californian holly grape (Mahonia pinnata)

556California nutmeg (Torreya californica) 892Californian red fir (Abies magnifica) 36Californian white oak (Quercus lobata) 731Californian white sage (Salvia apiana) 812calla lily (Zantedeschia) 941Calla sancta see Arum palaestinumCallery pear (Pyrus calleryana) 727Callicore rosea see Amaryllis belladonnacalliopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria) 250–1Callistemon lanceolatus see Callistemon

citrinusCallistemon paludosus see Callistemon

sieberiCallitris glauca see Callitris glaucophyllaCallitris huegelii see Callitris glaucophyllaCallitris priessii subsp. verrucosa see

Callitris verrucosaCalocephalus brownii see Leucophyta

browniiCalonyction aculeatum see Ipomoea albaCalonyction see Ipomoeacamas (Camassia) 175–6camash (Camassia quamash) 176Camassia esculenta see Camassia quamashcamel melon (Citrullus lanatus) 232Camellia chrysantha see Camellia

nitidissimaCampanula muralis see Campanula

portenschlagianaCampanula wanneri see Symphyandra

wannericamphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)

229camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)

229campion (Lychnis) 545campion (Silene) 841Campsis chinensis see Campsis grandiflora


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Botanica - ullmannmedien prepare your garden beds soundly. If the area to be planted has not been dug over before, ... Botanica_S0017-0031_D 15.02.2007 9:16 Uhr Seite 22