Bors 2014 Water temperature and implications for … Temperature in Melbourne and Implications for Household Energy Use Project: Water-Energy-Carbon Links in Households and Cities:

Water Temperature in Melbourne and Implications for Household Energy Use Project: Water-Energy-Carbon Links in Households and

Cities: A New Paradigm Julijana Bors and Steven Kenway The University of Queensland Water-Energy-Carbon Group 17 March 2014

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Docu Date 22/07/20110/10/201

9/12/2013

15/01/201

This docAustraliatemperattemperatpurposes

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Water TeWater-En

TableABSTRA

ACKNO

ABBREV

GLOSSA

1. INT

1.1

1.2

2. DA

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

3. RES

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.9.

3.9.

3.10

3.11

4. CO

4.1.

4.2.

4.3.


e of ConACT ..............

OWLEDGEM

VIATIONS ..

ARY ..............

TRODUCTIO

THE IMPORT

ANTICIPATED

TA AND ME

STUDY AREA

AVAILABLE D

WATER TEMP

AIR TEMPER

WATER TEMP

YVW AREA M

SUBURB MEA

NEAREST UP

COLD WATE

ARCGIS TIM

SULTS AND

DAILY VARIA

RAW DATAS

YVW AREA M

SUBURB MEA

NEAREST UP

COLD WATE

FINALISED C

REVIEWING F

VARIABILITY

1 Regional

2 Local Inf

UNCERTAINT

OVERALL TR

ONCLUSION

IMPLICATION

POSSIBLE TR

POTENTIAL W


ntents ......................

MENTS ...........

......................

......................

ON .................

TANCE OF COLD

D OUTCOMES O

ETHODOLO

A AND BOUNDA

DATA AND MET

MPERATURE DA

RATURE DATASE

MPERATURE DA

MEAN METHOD

EAN METHODOL

PSTREAM MEAN

ER TEMPERATU

ME SERIES IMAG

D DISCUSSIO

ABILITY IN ONL

SET COMPARIS

MEAN ESTIMAT

EAN ESTIMATES

PSTREAM MEAN

ER TEMPERATU

COLD WATER T

FINAL ESTIMA

Y IN RAW DATA

l Influences ....

fluences .........

TY OF RESULTS

REND IN THE RA

AND RECO

NS FOR AS/NZ

REND IN 19 YEA

WIDER VALUE


......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

D WATER TEM

OF THIS PROJE

OGY ...............

ARY CONDITION

THOD OVERVIE

TASETS ...........

ETS ................

TASET COMPAR

DOLOGY .........

LOGY .............

N METHODOLO

URE ESTIMATE F

GES ................

ON .................

LINE DATASET

ON WITH THE O

TES ................

S .....................

N ESTIMATES ..

URE ESTIMATES

TEMPERATURE

TES AGAINST IN

ASET ...............

......................

......................

S ....................

AW DATASET (

OMMENDAT

ZS 4234:2008 .

AR DATASET ...

OF THE WORK

ns for Househ

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

MPERATURE TO

ECT ................

......................

NS ..................

EW .................

......................

......................

RISON METHOD

......................

......................

OGY ................

FROM AIR TEM

......................

......................

T RECORDS ....

ONLINE DATA

......................

......................

......................

S FROM AIR TEM

E ESTIMATES ...

NDUSTRY STAN

......................

.....................

.....................

......................

(1994-2013) ..

TIONS ...........

......................

......................

K ....................

hold Energy U

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

HOUSEHOLD E

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

ODOLOGY .........

......................

......................

......................

MPERATURE DA

......................

......................

......................

ASET ...............

......................

......................

......................

MPERATURE D

......................

NDARDS ...........

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

Use

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

ENERGY USE ..

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

ATA METHODOL

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

DATA ...............

......................

......................

......................

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......................

......................

......................

......................

v

............ II

........... IV

........ VIII

........ VIII

............. 1

............. 1

............. 2

............. 3

............. 3

............. 3

............. 6

............. 7

............. 7

............. 8

............. 8

............. 9

........... 10

........... 10

........... 11

........... 11

........... 11

........... 14

........... 14

........... 15

........... 15

........... 16

........... 17

........... 18

........... 18

........... 18

........... 21

........... 22

........... 23

........... 23

........... 24

........... 24

Water TeWater-En

REFERE

APPEND

APPEND

APPEND

APPEND

APPEND

APPEND

List oFIGURE 1

FIGURE 2

SOU

FIGURE 3

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FIGURE 4

FIGURE 5

FIGURE 6

FIGURE 7

DAT

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TEM

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FIGURE 1

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FIGURE 1

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FIGURE 1

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FIGURE 1

FOR

FIGURE 1

FIGURE C

FIGURE C

FIGURE C

FIGURE C


ENCES .........

DIX A - AI

DIX B – Y

DIX C - LO

DIX D - M

DIX E - N

DIX F – W

of Figur: HH1-HH5 L

: RAW WATER

UTH EAST WA

: MONTHLY T

ATER DURING (

4: YVW ONLIN

: RAW WATE

6: HH1-HH5 A

: (A) AVAILAB

TASET MEASUR

FERENTIATED

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MPERATURE FO

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2: SUBURB ME

5 ...................

3: YVW AREA

MPERATURE DI

4: YVW AREA

R TEMPERATUR

5: SEASONAL

C - 1: GLEN WA

C - 2: ELTHAM

C - 3: BLACKBU

C - 4: VERMON


......................

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YVW AREA W

ONG TERM

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MPERATURE

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2012 WATER TE

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MPERATUR

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OTS OF MONTH

TS OF MONTHL

APR 2012-MA

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APR 2012-MA

......................

EMPERATURE

......................

TER TEMPERAT

(B) FEBRUARY

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Y TRENDS OF A

TRENDS OF AV

ENDS OF AVERA

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TY WEST WAT

LEY WATER, S

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G SEASONAL C

INE, RAW AN

REMENT LOCA

H1-HH5; (G) Y

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TES OF CRAIG

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HLY ONLINE

LY ONLINE A

AR 2013 FOR (

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......................

DISTRIBUTION

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Y 2013 WATER

TED BY ≈3KM (

AVERAGE WAT

VERAGE WATE

AGE WATER TE

GE WATER TEM

Use

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EMPERATUR

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AIR TEMPER

......................

WATER (1994-2

TER (1995-20

OUTH EAST W

......................

LY CHANGES (A

HANGES (1994

ND AIR DATAS

ATIONS; (B)-(F)

YVW PIPE NET

......................

EN MINIMUM A

IEBURN, BOX

......................

AND RAW DA

AND RAW DAT

A) GLEN WAV

......................

A) BLACKBUR

......................

N; (B) AUGUST

......................

UTION AND AD

TEMPERATUR

(2006-2012) ..

TER TEMPERAT

ER TEMPERATU

EMPERATURE

MPERATURE (20

......................

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RATURE DA

......................

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WATER AND CI

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SETS ..............

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TWORK

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AND MAXIMUM

HILL SOUTH A

......................

ATA ...............

TA .................

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......................

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TURE (2006-20

URE (2006-201

(2006-2012) .

006-2012) .....

vi

........... 25

........... 26

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S ......... 28

........... 32

........... 35

ATA .... 36

............. 3

RECORDS),

RDS) ...... 4

ITY WEST

............. 5

UN 2013)6

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F RAW

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(B)

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Water TeWater-En

FIGURE D

ENE

FIGURE F

(HH

FIGURE F

(HH

FIGURE F

TEM

(B) E

(AP

FIGURE F

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VS S

FIGURE F

(AP

MEA

List oTABLE 1:

TABLE 2:

YAR

TABLE 3:

TABLE 4:

TABLE 5:

TABLE 6:

TABLE 7:

TABLE 8:

TABLE 9:

TABLE 10

(CL

TABLE 11

TABLE 12

TABLE A

TABLE B

TABLE D

STA

TABLE D

......

TABLE D

......

TABLE D


D - 1: ZONE 4 C

ERGY CONSUM

F - 1: (A) GLEN

H2 & HH3), 20

F - 2: (A) BLAC

H5), 2006-201

F - 3: (A) GLEN

MPERATURE ES

ELTHAM (HH

PR 2012–MAR

F - 4: (A) GLEN

THOD (APR 20

SUBURB MEAN

F - 5: (A) BLAC

PR 2012–MAR

AN METHOD (A

of Table DESCRIPTION

VARIATIONS

RRA VALLEY W

CRAIGIEBURN

RINGWOOD (F

YVW AREA,

GLEN WAVER

ELTHAM (HH

BLACKBURN

VERMONT (H

0: SUMMARY O

LIMATE ZONE 4

1: YVW AREA

2: SUMMARY O

- 1: WEATHER

- 1: YVW ARE

- 1: GLEN WA

ATISTICS .........

- 2: BLACKBU

......................

- 3: GLEN WA

......................

- 4: BLACKBU


COLUMN SHOW

MPTION FROM H

N WAVERLEY (

006-2012 WAT

CKBURN (HH4

2 WATER TEM

N WAVERLEY (

STIMATES FROM

2 & HH3) LEE

2013) ............

N WAVERLEY (

12– MAR 201

N METHOD (AP

CKBURN (HH3

2013); (B) VE

APR 2012–MA

es NS OF DATASET

IN MONTHLY W

WATER, SOUT

N, FEB-MAY 2

FEB-MAY 201

SINGLE DAY A

RLEY (HH1) S

H2 & HH3) SIN

(HH4) SINGLE

HH5) SINGLE D

OF STANDARD

4) ...................

A, WINTER AND

OF TEMPERATU

R STATIONS CL

EA (APR 2012

AVERLEY (HH

......................

URN (HH4) AN

......................

AVERLEY (HH

......................

URN (HH4) AN


WS THE AS/NZ

HEATED WATE

(HH1), 2006-2

TER TEMPERAT

), 2006-2012 W

MPERATURE VS

(HH1), BLACK

M SCORESBY R

E MODEL WAT

......................

(HH1) LEE MO

3); (B) ELTHA

PR 2012– MAR

) LEE MODEL

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Viewbandata bas


YVW Area

y average wale YVW area single daymperature vaboundary (Yng the single t values. Singst monthly a

Suburb Me

g term monthere calculated(HH2 & HH

nspection, theult, data poinstimate of colculated by aburb. The sire in Section

urb boundary

Figure

nk and Scoresed on their


Mean Meth

ater temperatuea during eacy average colalues availab

YVW area). day averagegle day and a

average water

ean Method

hly average d from the R

H3), Blackbue variation onts within thold water temaveraging theingle day avn 2.6 with a y for each sub

6: HH1-HH5 a

esby Researcproximity t


hodology

ure values wch month of ld water temble within th

An averagee procedure faverage day r temperature

dology

water tempeRAW dataseturn (HH4), aof monthly avhe survey timmperatures foe available daverage and change in thburb of intere

available data

ch Institute wo HH1-HH5

ns for Househ

were calculatethe physical

mperature wahe same teme day cold for a full yeastatistical che values are

eratures for et points (Figuand Vermontverages for e

me period (1 Aor HH1-HH5ata points wiaverage day

he spatial bouest.

points from th

weather statio5 (Figure 6)

hold Energy U

ed by averagl survey perias calculated

mporal (1 Apwater tempe

ar over the yeharacteristicspresented in

each suburb ure 6). The rt (HH5) are each suburb April 2012 t5. Monthly aithin each moy results weundary from

he ONLINE, R

ons were utiland temper

Use

ging the availiod. After th

d by taking tpril 2012 to erature valueears 2006-20s for the YVW

Appendix B

of interest oresults for Gdisplayed inwas consideo 31 March average wateonth over theere calculatethe total YV

RAW and AIR

ised as sourcrature data a

lable data pohe method ofthe average o31 March 2

ue was calcu012 and averW area are in

B.

over the periGlen Waverle

n Appendix ered to be sig2013) were

er temperatue specified tied by followVW area bou

datasets

ces of air temavailability.

8

oints over f Kenway of all the 013) and

ulated by aging the n Section

iod 2006-ey (HH1),

C. Upon gnificant. used as a

ure values imeframe wing the undary to

mperature The AIR

Water TeWater-En

dataset cto represduration for ambprocedurestimateaverage presente

2.8 N

Figure 7measurem


contains dailysent the dail

n of the dailybient, minimres for cold ws for each sday estimat

d in Section

Nearest Up

: (a) Availabment locations


y values of ely average a

y minimum amum and mawater tempersuburb of intes for cold 3.7.

pstream Me

ble RAW watupstream from


eight, three hambient air tand maximumaximum air rature. Resulnterest are p

water and

an Methodo

ter temperatum HH1-HH5; (

ns for Househ

hourly data ptemperature m air temper

temperaturelts displayingpresented an

air tempera

dology

ure measurem(g) YVW pipe

hold Energy U

points. Thesewhich would

rature. The sies were calg the monthl

nd discussed atures for su

ment locationsnetwork differ

Use

e readings wed also encomingle day anlculated by ly average co

in Section uburbs conta

s; (b)-(f) Closrentiated throu

were averagedmpass the ex

nd average dafollowing t

old water tem3.4. Single

aining HH1-

se-up of RAWugh pipe size

9

d in order xtent and ay results the same mperature

day and -HH5 are

W dataset

Water TeWater-En

Recordeused to ecompletefor eachYVW bulocationsCoordina1984 we

A close-suitable upstreamdue to ttemperatdiscussio

2.9

The air-outlined

Equatio

The modsurvey tAppendiapplicatitemperat

2.10 A

A time smonth titemperatusing theApril 20the coldvariation

Additionwere selinfrastruwithin acold watwarmest


d water tempestimate avee RAW data

h of the 961 usiness bouns, a data framate System:

ere applied (E

-up of HH1-Hupstream l

m locations (Lthe limited ture estimateon of results

Cold Water

-water relatioin Equation

on 1:

= me

= an= me

del was constime period ix F presentsion of Lee’s tures compar

ArcGIS Tim

series of the ime step intture profilese Natural Br

012, August 2d water tempn within a sin

nally, a clustlected to id

ucture grid. Ta reasonably ter temperatut and coolest


perature mearage monthly

aset was crearecording lo

ndary layer, tme timestamWGS 1984

ESRI, 2012).

HH5 and a pocations exiL1 & L2) wenumber of

es from thein Section 3

r Temperatu

onship was 1:

ean water ma

nnual mean aean air temp

structed with(01/04/2012

s the cold wmodel alongred to suburb

me Series Im

complete RAterval for a s. The cold reaks (Jenks)2012, Decemperature distngle month. T

ter of locatioentify the p

The selectionsmall area o

ure recordintemperature


asurements fy cold waterated in ArcGocations as athe major an

mp and a ‘WUTM Zone

.

preliminary eistent withinere used to emeasuremennearest ups

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ure Estimat

modelled us

ains tempera

air temperaturerature in the

h monthly av2 to 31/03/2ater tempera

g with detailsb scale RAW

mages

AW dataset wone month twater tempe

) classificatiomber 2012 antribution at Time series i

ns (highlightpossible presn was based oof land (≈12gs (for two

e trends is pre

ns for Househ

from pipes dr temperature

GIS v10.1 byan x-y coordnd minor (oth

World Light G55S; and th

estimate of pn the RAWestimate the cnts per recostream mean

te from Air

sing an alge

ature in mont

ure e month prec

verage air tem2013) from ature estimats of model p

W monthly av

was created time windowerature distrion method (End February 2

both ends oimages are p

ted in the Desence of repon the distin2km2) withinlocations wiesented and

hold Energy U

eemed upstres. An image

y adding the dinate layer. her) water pipGray Base Mhe Geographi

pipes that appW dataset. M

cold water teording locatn method ar

r Temperatu

ebraic algori

th m

ceding month

mperature daweather stattes for HH1-arameters. T

verage water

in ArcGIS vw which waibution rangESRI, 2012).2013 were chof the temp

presented and

ecember 201peating tempnguishable van a single mithin the cludiscussed in

Use

eam of eache of the spatwater tempeAdditional fpe infrastruc

Map’ (ESRI, 2ic Coordinat

pear upstreamMeasurementsemperature fion (Figure re found in

ure Data M

ithm detailed

h m

ata correspontions closest-HH5 suburb

The long termtemperature

10.1 and tims used to di

ge was organ. RAW datashosen to reprerature spec

d discussed in

12 time serieperature trenariation of temonth. A grapster) that resSection 0.

h household wtial distributierature measfeatures inclucture layer, h2013). The P

te System GC

m were useds from at lfor each of H

7). The coAppendix E

Methodology

d in Lee (1

nding to thet to each hobs, resulting

m monthly av have been in

me enabled wisplay monthnised into 1set subsets oresent the vactrum as wen Section 3.9

es image, Secnds within temperature reph demonstrspectively ex

10

were also ion of the urements uded: the

household Projected CS WGS

d to select least two

HH1-HH5 old water E with a

y

987) and

e physical ousehold. from the

verage air ncluded.

with a one hly water 5 classes f data for

ariation in ell as the 9.

ction 3.9) the water ecordings rating the xhibit the

Water TeWater-En

3. RSectionsthe four that willSectionstemperat

3.1 D

The dailyRingwoo

Figure 8: the ONLI

The highfollowedwas recotemperatindicateswere therequire p

3.2 R

BoxplotsRingwoowere crethe RAWONLINEreasonab


Resultss 3.3-3.7 addmethods use

l be used ass 3.8-3.9 adture variabili

Daily Varia

y difference od from the O

Daily water teINE dataset rec

hest variatiod by Box Hilorded from ture for this s this subset e same valuephysical desc

RAW Datas

s of the ONLod (Figure 1eated to enabW dataset wE dataset. Thble source of


and Didress Questioed to estimats input para

ddress Questity within a s

ability in ON

in maximumONLINE dat

emperature vacording sites o

on in the difll South thena tank and ilocation. Thof data conta. Further anacriptions of a

set Compar

LINE (purple10) along wible comparis

was representhe outcome of data for der


iscussioon 1 of this rte cold watermeters into tion 2 of thsection of the

NLINE Da

m and minimtaset is prese

ariation: the diof Craigieburn,

fference betwn Ringwood is most likelhe graph alsoains daily daalysis into thall three ONL

rison with th

e & green) anth respective

son of both dtative of theof the resultsiving monthl

ns for Househ

on report. Theser temperaturthe MMFA

his report we Melbourne

ataset Recor

mum water temented in Figu

ifference betw, Box Hill Sout

ween daily for the ONLly the reasoo shows mis

ata points whhe difference LINE record

the ONLINE

nd RAW (ree tables of sdatasets. Thee day-to-day s assisted in ly suburb me

hold Energy U

e sections prre as well as

A Model prewhere the ime Water distri

rds

mperature ature 8.

ween minimumth and Ringwo

maxima andLINE datasetn why theressing values here the maxi

in temperatuing sites.

E Dataset

ed & blue) dastatistical chae comparison

water tempdetermining

eans of water

Use

rovide resultsthe final estisented in Kmplications ibution netw

t Craigieburn

and maximumood (Feb-May 2

d minima oct. It is knowne is such litt

for the Ringimum and mure variation

ata for Craigaracteristics n assisted in erature varia

g whether ther temperature

s and a discutimates for H

Kenway et alof reticulat

work are discu

n, Box Hill S

m water tempe2013)

ccurs in Cran that Ringwtle variation gwood datas

minimum temn between sit

gieburn (Figu(Table 3 & ascertaining

ability presee RAW datare.

11

ussion on HH1-HH5 l. (2013). ed water ussed.

South and

erature for

aigieburn, wood data

in water set which

mperatures tes would

ure 9) and Table 4)

g whether ent in the set was a

Water TeWater-En

Table 3: CCRAIGI

MONTH

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

The midconsiderin the samedian oONLINERAW danumber The diffCraigiebmonthlywould pr

The RAWONLINEsuggestsair tempRingwooFebruarydataset dstandardand the


Figure

Craigieburn, FIEBURN

H

ddle 50% (25rable overlapame range aof 0.8°C lowE dataset areataset are moof data pointference in mburn range fry average corovide reason

W suburb mE values whs the ONLINperature as tod datasets y and Marchdue to the lad deviations f

use of multi


9: Craigiebur

Feb-May 2013 sON

Mean

21.4°C

21.6°C

19.0°C

16.0°C

5th-75th percep (Figure 9). as the ONLIwer than corre relatively sore variable ts in each mo

monthly averrom -0.9°C told water temnable results

mean for Febrhereas the RANE data may the RAW mduring Apri

h. The standarger numberfor the RAWiple recordin


n (Feb-May 20

statistical charNLINE DATA

Median

21.3°C

21.4°C

19.2°C

16.0°C

entile rage) The exceptioNE datasets

responding Osimilar acrosbut not unreonth of this drage temperto 0.2°C whimperature ess.

ruary and MaAW mean fbe measured

measuring siteil and May dard deviatior of data poi

W dataset areng sites. The

ns for Househ

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racteristics of OASET

SD N

0.8 28

0.8 31

0.8 30

0.9 31

for both Craon occurs dus lower quarONLINE valus all four moeasonably sodataset and trature valuesich is not sigstimates from

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ons for the Oints and the e more variae ONLINE d

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of monthly ON

ONLINE and R

Mean

20.5°C

21.8°C

18.3°C

15.3°C

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Ringwood sitd May are con that is noddle 50% (2nable overlaONLINE dause of one l

able due to thdata for Mar

Use

NLINE and RA

RAW data RAW D

n Median

C 20.5°C

C 21.7°C

C 18.0°C

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pected behavultiple record

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te are warmecooler (Figurt as easily in5th-7th percenap which doataset are smocation of rehe smaller nrch has a not

AW data

DATASET

n SD

C 0.7

C 1.1

C 1.6

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NLINE datasRAW midd

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viour due to ding sites pe

ONLINE datation and veruburb mean

er than correre 10, Tablenfluenced byentile range) oes not occumaller than tecording wh

number of daticeably thin

12

N

4

9

6

3

sets show le 50% is .9°C and ns for the ns for the the small

er suburb. tasets for rifies that

method)

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for both ur during the RAW hereas the ata points nner peak

Water TeWater-En

than othvalues bsignificakWh/hh.ONLINEfrom pipdatasets temperat

Table 4: RRINGWOMONTHFEB MAR APR MAY The ONFebruarywater teRAW daand relyenvironm

ConsiderONLINECraigiebthe RAW


er groups whetween RAW

ant for the .day energy E measuremepes thereforeis expected ture estimati

Figure

Ringwood (FebOOD

H

NLINE datasy-May 2013 emperature eataset. Howeying on thisment that ext

ring the variE dataset (Fburn ONLINEW dataset to e


hich have a W and ONLIoverall projuse (Kenw

ents were take the signifiand cannot bon.

e 10: Ringwood

b-May 2013) stON

Mean 18.0°C 18.9°C 17.6°C 14.9°C

set presents which impl

estimation wever, the ONLs data for futends over th

iation betweeFigure 8), asE and RAWestimate subu


larger spreadINE datasets ject applicat

way et al., 2ken from a taicant differenbe used to ve

d (Feb-May 20

tatistical charaNLINE DATAMedian 17.9°C 18.9°C 17.9°C 15.0°C

a serially coies robustne

when taking iLINE datase

future cold whe whole subu

en the daily s well as th

W subsets of durb mean mo

ns for Househ

d of data. Th for Ringwotion where 013). Howeank whilst thnce in monterify the suit

013) boxplots o

acteristics of OASET SD N0.3 280.2 310.6 301.0 31

omplete subess and initiainto account

et contains vawater tempeurb.

minimum anhe insignificdata (Figure onthly water

hold Energy U

he differenceod ranges froa change o

ever, it is alhe Ringwoodthly averagetability of the

of monthly ONL

ONLINE and R

Mean 22.2°C 21.3°C 17.0°C 14.6°C

bset of dailyally indicatest the intermialues for onlyerature value

nd maximumcant differen9, Table 3),

r temperature

Use

e in monthlyom -0.6°C toof ≈2°C calso worth nod RAW mease temperaturee RAW datas

LINE and RAW

RAW data RAW D

n MedianC 22.5°CC 20.6°CC 17.0°CC 14.4°C

y water temps a more reliittent measuy one addreses assumes

m temperaturce in mean it is conside

es for HH1-H

y average temo 4.2°C whican influenceoting, the Rsurements we between tset for month

AW data

DATASET n SD

C 1.2 C 1.6 C -- C 1.2

perature valuiable dataset

urement datess location pea homogen

res of the Cra values betw

ered reasonabHH5.

13

mperature ch can be e 0.3-0.7

Ringwood were taken

hese two hly water

N 4 3 2 3

ues from t for cold es for the er suburb ous built

aigieburn ween the ble to use

Water TeWater-En

3.3

Table 5 providessuburb sused as unrepres

Table 5: Y

TemperaCold Wa

3.4 S

Monthlyanalysedresults fostatistica

Figure 11

Figure 12


YVW Area

presents thes a basis for scale subsets input data fo

sentative of l

YVW area, sin

YVW COL

ature Variablater (RAW)

Suburb Me

y average Rd. Results forfor Blackburnal characteris

: Suburb mean

: Suburb mean


Mean Estim

e statistical ccomparing of data. The

or the MMFocalised env

ngle day and av

LD WATERSINGL

le Mean 16.3°C

ean Estimat

RAW water r Glen Waven (HH4) andstics are inclu

n water tempe

n water tempe


mates

characteristictemperature

e monthly avA model du

vironmental i

verage day esti

R DISTRIBUE DAY (APR

MedianC 15.2°C

tes

temperatureerley (HH1) ad Vermont (Huded in Appe

rature Apr 20

rature Apr 20

ns for Househ

cs of the comestimates fr

verage water ue to the sizeinfluences on

imates

UTION STAR 2012- MARn SD

4.0

e and standaand Eltham (

HH5) are preendix D (Tab

12-Mar 2013 f

12-Mar 2013 f

hold Energy U

mplete RAWrom the whotemperature

e of the spatin the distribu

ATISTICALR 2013)

N M229 16.

ard deviatio(HH2 & HHesented in Fible D - 1, Ta

for (a) Glen W

for (a) Blackbu

Use

W dataset forole dataset we values (Appial boundary

ution network

CHARACTAVERAGE

ean Med.6°C 16.5

n for all fiH3) are presen

gure 12 whiable D - 2).

averly, HH1; (

urn, HH4; (b) V

r the YVW with data poipendix B) w

y which is cok.

TERISTICSDAY (2006-2

dian SD 5°C 0.5

ive househonted in Figurilst water tem

(b) Eltham, HH

Vermont, HH5

14

area and ints from

will not be onsidered

S 2012)

N 7

olds were re 11 and

mperature

H2 & HH3

5

Water TeWater-En

The monNovembThe monSeptembmonthly3.0 (N =Figure 1temperatDecembsubset ofpostcode

In summcompareconsidersuburb (for the hanalysis.temperat

3.5 N

Temperamonthlyhousehothe pipe this methnumber and HH5locationsdistance influenceestimate for input

3.6

Figure Faverage ambient temperat3 (Appenthe applifor HH1F - 1 to temperatwhere it both setestimatefollows:


nthly standaber) to 2.3 (Nnthly standarber) to 2.4 (Ny standard de= 3, February12 (b)) has ature. The mer). The numf data and it es be used fo

mary, there ed to the coored reasonabFigure 6). Su

households s. The suburture at HH1-

Nearest Up

ature recordsy average wa

ld (HH1-HHinfrastructu

hod are founof data poin5 even with s were not ad

away fromes on the co water tempt into the MM

Cold Water

F - 1 and Figtemperatureair and reti

ture averagesndix F.3) preication of the-HH5 and thTable F - 4

ture estimateextends unt

ts of resultss. The maxiGlen Wave


ard deviationN = 11, Februrd deviation

N = 8, Februaeviation for By) and the na visually sig

monthly standmber of recois recomme

or future anal

is a slight iler months fle due to theuch a range ostudied in therb mean me-HH5 for inp

pstream Me

s from locatater temperatH5) with seleure network nd in Appendnts per record

the selectiodded to each

m each housld water tem

perature. In cMFA Model

r Temperatu

gure F - 2 (Aes of the subculated wates follow the esents the coe algorithm phe correspon4, Appendix es during Aptil October. Ts where Leeimum differeerley (HH1)


n for Glen Wuary) whilst for Eltham

ary) and the Blackburn (H

number of regnificant devdard deviatioorded measunded, wherelysis e.g. agg

increase in for all four sue sample sizeof temperatue order of 1-ethod is the

put into the M

an Estimate

tions considetures. An im

ected recordincan be seen dix E. The mding location

on of 2-3 rech subset of daehold result

mperature theconclusion, iare derived f

ure Estimat

Appendix F.1burb mean mer temperatusame curve

old water tempresented in ding suburb F.3) demon

pril-August fThe warmer e Model estience in wate19.6%; Elth

ns for Househ

Waverly (HHthe number (HH2 & HHnumber of reHH4, Figurecorded measviation durinon ranges frurements ranever reasonabgregate Verm

standard devuburbs howee (1 < N < 1

ure however, -3 kWh/hh.derefore cons

MMFA Mode

tes

ered upstreamage of avaing locations in Figure 7

main disadvan which resucorded waterata for HH1-ting in an ierefore an init is recommfrom the sub

tes from Ai

1) present a cmethod to thures can be sas long term

mperature esLee (1987).mean metho

nstrated a strfor each submonths how

imates geneer temperatuam (HH2 &

hold Energy U

H1, Figure 1of recorded

H3) (Figure ecorded mea

e 12 (a)) rangsurements rang February rom 0.4 (N nges from 2-ble, that an a

mont and Ver

viation durinever, all stand15) and use could be inf

d energy use,sidered suitael

am of each hlable record(L1-L3 whe. The cold w

antage of utilulted in an inr temperatur-HH5 as theyincrease in tncreased uncemended that cburb mean me

ir Temperat

comparison bhe AIR datasseen. It is w

m ambient airtimates for H. A comparisod estimatesrong relationburb of interewever, presenerally presenure estimates

& HH3) 18.7%

Use

11 (a)) rangmeasuremen11 (b)) rang

asurements rages from 0.4anges from 2

where there= 3, Septem

-4 for Vermoaggregate of rmont South.

ng some of dard deviatioof multiple lfluencing hou, based on prable for esti

household wing locationsere available)water temperlising this apncomplete dare locations. y were deemthe variabiliertainty of ucold water teethod.

ture Data

between the set where a

worth noting r temperatureHH1-HH5 suson between (Figure F - 4

nship betweeest with the nt a significant lower cols between th%; Blackbur

ges from 0.8nts ranges frges from 0.3anges from 44 (N = 3, Oc2-14. Vermoe is a suddenmber) to 2.5

mont which issuburb data .

f the warmerons are ≤ 3.0locations wiusehold watereliminary s

timating me

were used to s, a close-up), and an overature estimapproach is thdataset for HH

Additional med to be a si

ity of envirusing this apptemperature

longer termrelationship that long te

e averages. Fuburbs resultLee Model

4, Figure F -en both sets exception o

ant variationld water temhe two methrn (HH4) 25

15

(N = 4, rom 3-11. 3 (N = 4, 4-12. The ctober) to ont (HH5, n drop in (N = 3, s a small based on

r months 0 which is thin each er-related ensitivity an water

estimate p of each erview of ates from he limited H1, HH3 upstream ignificant onmental proach to estimates

m monthly between

rm water Figure F - ting from estimates - 5, Table of water

of Eltham n between mperature hods is as

.6%; and

Water TeWater-En

Vermontinput int

3.7 F

Four postemperatthe subu

Iw

I

Ls

RAW anwater anTable 7)

Table 6:

TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum Table 7: E

TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum Table 8: B

TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum Table 9: V

TemperaCold WaAmbientMinimumMaximum


t (HH5) 22.8to the MMFA

Finalised C

ssible methoture and stan

urb mean as t

It was deemwhich most l

It contained

Lee Model suburb mean

nd AIR datand ambient a, Blackburn

Glen Waverley

GLE

ature Variablater (RAW) t Air (AIR) m Air (AIR) m Air (AIR)

Eltham (HH2 &

ELT


Blackburn (HH

BL


Vermont (HH5

V



8%. In concA Model are

Cold Water

ods (Sectionsndard deviatithe most appr

med to reprelikely would

a more robu

results presen method dur

asets for eachair temperatu(HH4, Table

y (HH1) single

EN WAVERLSINGL

le Mean 16.5°C14.9°C10.0°C20.7°C

& HH3) single

THAM (HHSINGL

le Mean 16.3°C15.1°C10.1°C21.2°C

H4) single day

LACKBURSINGL

le Mean 15.6°C14.9°C10.0°C20.7°C

5) single day an

VERMONTSINGL

le Mean 16.9°C14.9°C10.0°C20.7°C


clusion, it isderived from

Temperatu

s 3.3 to 3.6)on at the fiveropriate meth

sent localised not be repre

st dataset tha

ented signifiring the warm

h suburb weure results foe 8) and Verm

e day and aver

LEY (HH1)E DAY (APR

MedianC 16.4°CC 13.8°CC 9.3°CC 19.3°C

day and avera

H2 & HH3) SE DAY (APR

MedianC 15.6°CC 14.0°CC 9.6°CC 19.9°C

and average d

RN (HH4) STE DAY (APR

MedianC 14.3°CC 13.8°CC 9.3°CC 19.3°C

nd average day

T (HH5) STAE DAY (APR

MedianC 17.1°CC 13.8°CC 9.3°CC 19.3°C

ns for Househ

s recommendm the suburb

ure Estimate

) were conside household hod. This me

ed environmesented throu

an the datase

icantly lowemer months o

ere used to eor Glen Wavmont (HH5,

age day estima

) STATISTIR 2012- MARn SD

4.1 5.2 4.5 7.1

age day estima

STATISTICR 2012- MARn SD

3.7 5.3 4.5 7.2

day estimates

TATISTICAR 2012- MARn SD

4.4 5.2 4.5 7.1

y estimates

ATISTICALR 2012- MARn SD

3.7 5.2 4.5 7.1

hold Energy U

ded that coldmean metho

es

dered for chstudy sites a

ethod was ch

mental influenugh the YVW

et used for th

er cold waterof the survey

estimate the verley (HH1,

Table 9).

ates ICAL CHARR 2013)

N M84 16.365 14.365 9.6365 20.

ates

CAL CHARAR 2013)

N M106 16.365 14.365 9.9365 20.

AL CHARACR 2013)

N M52 17.365 14.365 9.6365 20.

L CHARACR 2013)

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Use

d water tempod.

haracterising and concludehosen for the

nces on the W area mean

e nearest ups

r temperatury period.

single day aTable 6), E

RACTERISAVERAGE

ean Med.7°C 16.9.5°C 14.56°C 9.9°.2°C 20.1

ACTERISTAVERAGE

ean Med.4°C 16.3.9°C 14.89°C 10.0.9°C 20.7

CTERISTICAVERAGE

ean Med.3°C 16.9.5°C 14.56°C 9.9°.2°C 20.1

TERISTICSAVERAGE

ean Med.7°C 16.4.5°C 14.56°C 9.9°.2°C 20.1

perature estim

the mean coed in the utilie following re

distributionmethod;

stream mean

re estimates

and average Eltham (HH2

STICS DAY (2006-2

dian SD 9°C 0.9 5°C 0.3 °C 0.4

1°C 0.4

TICS DAY (2006-2

dian SD 3°C 0.2 8°C 0.4 0°C 0.4 7°C 0.5

CS DAY (2006-2

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1°C 0.4

S DAY (2006-2

dian SD 4°C 0.8 5°C 0.3 °C 0.4

1°C 0.4

16

mates for

old water isation of easons:

network

n method;

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day cold 2 & HH3,

2012) N 7 7 7 7

2012) N 7 7 7 7

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2012) N 7 7 7 7

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Table 10:

Month

April May June July August SeptembOctober NovembeDecembeJanuary FebruaryMarch Annual *Apr-Dec

The long(Table DAS/NZSZone valD - 1, prheated wbroadly


ndard deviatair, minimu

ture is the lond air (i.e. itures will be

day water tem16.9°C whilse day water 17.3°C whilsaverage day

he suburb merror for averaethod. This of ≈2°C canfference in canalysis on w

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rage day vatial Sector 1vely. These vhich ranges fs. The slight lity which lim012) and doe

Summary of sAS/N

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1are for 2012 an

g term monthD - 3, Table DS 4234:2008,lues in the Strovides the inwater applicclassifies the


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mperature est the singletemperature

st the averagy values deriean. There wage day valucould be con

n influence 0cold water tewater-related

Final Estim

alues for mo986-2020’, avalues are slfrom 14.5°Cdifference i

mited the proes not accoun

standard cold wNZS 4234

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M

15 11 9 8

10 12 15 17 19 20 20 18

14.5 nd Jan-Mar for

hly average wD - 4), are no, Climate Zotandard, withndustry basis

cations in Me Australian


h location iscold water teair temperature energy to upper and lo

stimates for e day value ue estimates fge day value ved from the

would be -0ues if the YVnsidered insi0.3-0.7 kWh/emperature ed energy use

mates again

delling air aa report by Eightly outsid

C-14.9°C for in values couoposed averant for long te

water tempera2006-2012

Mean -Vermo(°C, Std Dev

17.5 (2.6)14.8 (2.8)12.8 (1.1)11.2 (0.8)12.0 (0.9)13.6 (1.1)16.1 (1.2)18.1 (1.0)19.3 (1.8)20.9 (1.9)21.9 (2.3)20.8 (1.1)

16.7 r 2013 for **N=

water temperot in good agne 4. Measuh greatest diss (cold water

Melbourne (Aclimate into

ns for Househ

s the highestemperature. Iures due to t heat water

ower bounds

HH1-HH5 using the YVfor HH1-HHusing the YVe YVW area.7°C to 0.6°

VW area meignificant fo/hh.day ener

estimates usinbetween the

nst Industry

and water teEnergy Efficde the propos

ambient airuld be accouage day valueerm climate p

ature for Verm2 ont v)

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rature valuesgreement wi

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emperature incient Strategised air and cr averages anunted for by es to be derivpatterns such

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ence C)

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s presented inith cold wateter temperatuin the Marchres) for calcu008). The Ate zones ther

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uburb mean ean method burb mean an method is

hod lies withsingle day v

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n ‘Energy Uies (2008) arcold water tend 16.4°C-1the lack of l

ved from onlh as the South

d AS/NZS 42342012-2013* an -VermontC, Std Dev) 18.4 (1.0) 16.1 (----) 12.6 (1.0) 12.2 (----) 11.9 (2.1) 14.0 (0.4) 15.4 (1.5) 17.8 (1.2) 19.5 (2.5) 22.3 (0.9) 19.2 (2.1) 21.4 (1.0) 6.9 (3.7)**

r a single day (i

n Table 10 aser temperaturures are up t

h-July periodulating the en

Australian/Nereby a lack o

perature follariation in coal properties um and minie MMFA Mo

method ran(Table 5) ismethod rangs 16.6°C. Bo

hin the rangevalues and -instead of thtaking into a2013). How

thod could astes.

Use in the Are 15.5°C anemperatures 7.3°C for colong term Rly seven yearhern Oscillat

4:2008 (Clima

t Diffe(°3534120002-032

ie not annual av

s well as Apre values preto 5.1°C war

d. Appendix Dnergy consumew Zealand of agreement

17

lowed by old water

between imum air odel.

nges from s 16.3°C. ges from oth single s derived -0.2°C to he suburb account a

wever, the ssist with

Australian nd 16.2°C for HH1-old water

RAW data rs of data tion.

ate Zone 4)

erence C) .4 .1 .6

4.2 .9

2.0 0.4 0.8 0.5 2.3 0.8 .4

2.4 verage).

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t with the

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Table 11:

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August

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Figure 13

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ay indicate s

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for April 20e 14. Seasoble 12, provi

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LD WATERS

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MARY OF T

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from this zon

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IES PROFI

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ture is due toin urban deemperature. y, water “syr analysis bees. A sugge

also occurrind HH5 in Demately 12-20esents the 20

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e distributio

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nd February 2e presented nd cooler reg

CHARACTSINGLE D

ean Med.4°C 20.3

2012 to 31/03

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al patterns:

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temperature.

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o the effect ofnsity could However, itstem” and ee undertakenested tool fo

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0°C (Figure 006-2012 co

mperature dis

on within th

2013 are prein Table 1

gions.

TERISTICS DAY (SUMMdian SD 3°C 2.7

3/2013

on (°C) M

entred over id in a flat le

.

he study area.

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t is also posenvironmentan to firmly or this proce

burb scale a2 it is possib14 (a)). In

old water tem

18

stribution

he YVW

esented in 1 and in

MER) N

122

Mean (°C)

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inner city ens above

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all spatial a higher

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as well as ble to see

order to mperature

Water TeWater-En

recordinof detect

Figure 13


ngs for the wating water in

: YVW area: (


armest and cnfrastructure

(a) April 2012


coolest locatilayout tempe

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as created as

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19

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gure 15, it athan the Ow


(a) DecemberFebruary 2013

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20

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ater temperat

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21

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sion andarbon are me a significanse effects.

1 (recommeted, “suburbe data to reould be aggraggregated we an improve

2 (identifyinplex considedistribution le program environmentaater temperat

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h maps woulwater tempera

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NZS 4234:20

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he Australianin Melbournen the long t

ed in the AS/erature mapprformance of

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23

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24

1994 and sampling ing water

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ReferARPKE,

AAS/NZS

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ua

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Maps thrar


rences , A. & HUTZApproach. Jo

S 2008. AS/NSydney, WelS., HALL, MUrban WaterAustralia. InOrganisationY EFFICIEN2020. Canbe012. ArcMap013. Light GAY, S. 2012.Water Secur

AY, S. J., LAin cities. Jou

AY, S. J., PRuse in the Prand Water S

AY, S. J., SCrelated energpossible mea1987. A SimOff for DomMeeting of A

roughout thiare the intellrights reserv


ZLER, N. 20Journal of IndNZS 4234:20llington: SA

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n: CSIRO (edn. NT STRATEerra. p 10.1. Califo

Gray Canvas R The Water-E

rity ResearchANT, P. & PRurnal of WateRIESTLEY, Arovision and ervices Asso

CHEIDEGGEgy in househasures. Energ

mple Algorithmestic Solar WANZSES. Aus

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006. Domestidustrial Ecol

008 : Heated I Global LimORY, A. 201a: An Updated.). Canberra

EGIES 2008.

ornia: EnviroReference anEnergy Nexu

h Alliance. RIESTLEY, er and ClimaA., COOK, SConsumptio

ociation of AER, R., LARolds: a modegy and Buildhm for EstimWater Heaterstralian Natio

re created userty of Esri e information

ns for Househ

ic Water Uselogy, 10, 169water system

mited. 12. Energy Ue. A report pa: Commonw

. Energy Use

onmental Synd Basemap.us and Urban

A. 2011. Quate Change, 2S., SEO, S., Ion of Urban WAustralia. RSEN, T. A., el designed todings, 58, 378mating Cold Wr Design. Theonal Univers

ing ArcGIS®and are usedn about Esri®

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Use in the Proprepared for twealth Scient

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stems Resou. 2013 Esri, Dn Metabolism

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LANT, P. &o understand8-389. Water Inlet Te Annual Cosity.

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by Esri. ArcGder license. Cplease visit w

Life-Cycle

gy consumpti

Consumptionervices Assocustrial Resear

ential Sector

. NAVTEQ. ions in cities

een water an

RY, A. 2008New Zealand.

H. P. 2013. Wstate and sim

and Volumed Annual Ge

GIS® and ACopyright © www.esri.com

25

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Table A - ID H

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HH3 JoE

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ndix A - A

1: Weather stHOUSEHOLDLOCATIONS

Vermont St, Glen Waverley

Kalbar Road, Eltham ohn Street,

Eltham Bridgeford AvBlackburn

Abbey Walk, Vermont

. Where thereoordinates wad address.

r stations Viture data ava


ir Temper

ations closest tD

S SUBURCOORD

y Glen WaVIC, 37145.17°E

Eltham1

37.72°S

e, Blackbu37.83°S

Vermon37.84°S

e was more ths chosen. 2.

iewbank (08ailability and


rature Data

to the five samRB DINATES

averley, .88°S, E

, VIC , 145.14°E

urn, VIC , 145.15°E

nt1, VIC, , 145.20°E

an one set of The weather

86068) and d their proxim

ns for Househ

a

mple householdWEATHER

086104 Scor(7.6km away086224 Dan(11.7km aw086068 View(4.4km away086351 Bun(8.3km away086104 Scor(10.3km aw086068 View(10.9km aw086104 Scor(6.0km away086068 View(14.2km aw

f suburb coordstation distan

Scoresby Rmity to the su

hold Energy U

s R STATIONS

resby Researcy)2

ndenong VIC ay)

wbank VIC y)2

ndoora VIC y)2

resby Researcay)2

wbank VIC ay)2

resby Researcy)2

wbank VIC ay)2

dinates availabnce is relativ

Research Insturveyed hous

Use

S

ch Inst. VIC

ch Inst. VIC

ch Inst. VIC

ble (a differene to the subu

titute (08610sehold locatio

T° DATA

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

nce of 0.01°Eurb coordinate

04) were chons (Table A

26

WITHIN YVW

Close

No

Yes

Yes

Close

Yes

Close

Yes

E), the first es not the

hosen for A - 1).

Water TeWater-En

Appen

Table B -

YEAR

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013


ndix B – Y

1: YVW area

MONTH M

APR MAY JUN JUL

AUG SEP

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB

MAR


YVW Area

(Apr 2012 – M

MEAN (°C)

18.1 14.8 12.6 11.7 11.7 15.6 15.1 17.8 19.7 21.2 22.0 24.4


a Water Te

Mar 2013), mon

YVW A

MEDIAN (

18.1 14.9 12.6 11.6 11.5 15.4 15.2 17.7 19.7 21.2 21.8 24.2

ns for Househ

emperatur

nthly water tem

AREA

(°C) SD

1.41.11.00.30.60.90.91.30.90.71.01.8

hold Energy U

re Statistic

mperature stat

N

19 23 21 22 23 20 23 21 17 22 20 19

Use

cs

tistics

27

WW

A A

F

Water Temperature Water-Energy-Carbo

Appendix C - L

Appendix C.1 Gl

Figure C - 1: Glen W

in Melbourne and Ion Group, 17/03/20

Long Term M

len Waverley (H

averley (HH1): Mon

Implications for Ho014

Monthly Averag

HH1), Average W

nthly trends of avera

ousehold Energy Us

ge Water Tem

Water Temperatu

age water temperatu

se

mperature Tren

ure Trends per M

re (2006-2012)

28

nds

Month (2006-20112)

WW

A

F


Appendix C.2 El

Figure C - 2: Eltham


ltham (HH2 & H

(HH2 & HH3): Mon


HH3), Average W

nthly trends of avera

ousehold Energy Us

Water Temperatu

age water temperatu

se

ure Trends per M

ure (2006-2012)

29

Month (2006-20112)

WW

A

F


Appendix C.3 Bl

Figure C - 3: Blackbu


lackburn (HH4),

urn (HH4): Monthly


, Average Water

y trends of average w

ousehold Energy Us

r Temperature T

water temperature (2

se

Trends per Month

2006-2012)

30

h (2006-2012)

WW

A

F


Appendix C.4 Ve

Figure C - 4: Vermon


ermont (HH5), A

nt (HH5): Monthly tr


Average Water T

rends of average wat

ousehold Energy Us

Temperature Tre

ter temperature (200

se

ends per Month (

06-2012)

31

(2006-2012)

Water TeWater-En

Appen

Append

Table D -

YEA

202020202020202020202020

SINGL(APR 2

Table D -

YEA

201201201201

201201201201201201201201

SINGL(APR 20


ndix D - M

dix D.1 Mon

1: Glen Wave

AR MON

012 A012 M012 J012 J012 A012 S012 O012 N012 D013 J013 F013 MLE DAY AV012-MAR 20

2: Blackburn

R MONT

12 A12 MA12 JU12 JU

12 AU12 S12 O12 NO12 D13 JA13 FE13 MALE DAY AVG012–MAR 201


Monthly W

nthly Water

erley (HH1) an

GL

THMEAN

(°C) APR 18.2 AY 13.9

JUN 13.1 JUL 11.2

AUG 11.5 SEP 13.0

OCT 15.2 NOV 16.4 DEC 19.9 JAN 20.6 FEB 22.9

MAR 20.8 VGE013)

16.5

(HH4) and Ve

TH MEAN

(°C) APR 17.2 AY 13.8 UN 12.3 UL 11.9

UG 11.5 SEP 15.1 CT 15.4 OV 19.1 EC 20.2 AN 21.9 EB 23.2 AR 21.8 GE 13)

15.6


Water Temp

r Temperatu

d Eltham (HH

LEN WAVEN MEDIAN

(°C) 17.8 13.8 13.2 10.8 11.2 12.7 16.0 16.3 19.3 20.9 22.6 20.8

16.4

ermont (HH5),

BLACKBUMEDIAN

(°C) 17.5 14.0 12.0 11.9

11.5 15.6 15.6 19.3 20.5 22.0 23.1 21.8

14.3

ns for Househ

perature S

ure Statistics

H2 & HH3), Ap

ERLEY (HHN

SD

1.0 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.3 0.8

4.1

, Apr 2012-Ma

URN (HH4)

SD

1.3 0.8 1.4 0.7

0.7 1.2 0.4 2.9 0.9 2.5 3.0 --

4.4

hold Energy U

Statistics

s for Suburb

pr 2012–Mar 2

H1)

N ME

(°9 14 1

11 14 1

11 13 19 14 19 16 27 27 2

84 1

ar 2013 water t

N ME

(°3 13 14 15 1

14 13 13 14 14 14 23 12 2

52 1

Use

bs containin

013 water tem

ELTHAMEAN °C)

MED(°C

7.8 17.5.4 15.2.9 13.2.1 12.2.1 12.2.6 12.4.0 14.6.8 17.8.8 18.

20.7 20.22.3 22.21.0 20.

6.3 15.

temperature st

VERMEAN °C)

MED(°C

8.4 18.6.1 16.2.6 12.2.2 12.

1.9 11.4.0 14.5.4 14.7.8 18.9.5 19.

22.3 22.9.2 18.

21.4 21.

6.9 17.

ng HH1-HH

mperature stati

M (HH2, HHDIAN C)

SD

.5 1.1

.4 1.0

.4 1.3

.0 0.8

.1 0.9

.5 0.3

.0 0.7

.2 0.9

.8 1.4

.3 1.4

.6 2.4

.6 1.5

.6 3.7

tatistics MONT (HH5DIAN C)

SD

.1 1.0

.1 --

.3 1.0

.2 --

.1 2.1

.2 0.4

.8 1.5

.2 1.2

.8 2.5

.3 0.9

.3 2.1

.1 1.0

.1 3.7

32

H5

stics H3)

N

5 12 10 9

10 4

12 7

11 10 8 8

106

5)

N

4 2 4 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

37

Water TeWater-En

Table D -

YEA

2006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-20

Table D -

YEA

2006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-202006-20


3: Glen Wave

AR MON

012 J012 F012 M012 A012 M012 J012 J012 A012 S012 O012 N012 D

4: Blackburn

AR MON

012 JA012 F012 M012 A012 MA012 JU012 J012 AU012 S012 O012 N012 D


erley (HH1) an

GL

THMEAN

(°C) AN 20.8

FEB 21.6 MAR 20.6 APR 18.0 AY 14.8 UN 13.1

JUL 11.7 UG 12.1

SEP 13.7 OCT 15.6

OV 18.4 DEC 18.9

(HH4) and Ve

THMEAN

(°C) AN 21.4

FEB 22.8 MAR 21.1 APR 18.3 AY 14.9 UN 12.6

JUL 11.9 UG 12.0

SEP 13.6 OCT 15.8

OV 18.9 DEC 20.3


d Eltham (HH

LEN WAVEN MEDIAN

(°C) 21.2 21.5 20.5 18.0 14.6 13.2 11.3 12.0 13.5 15.6 17.8 19.4

ermont (HH5),

BLACKBU

N MEDIAN(°C) 22.1 22.9 21.0 18.3 14.2 12.5 12.0 12.0 13.7 16.0 19.1 20.2

ns for Househ

H2 & HH3), 200

ERLEY (HHN

SD

2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.4

, 2006-2012 wa

URN (HH4)

N SD

2.7 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.7

hold Energy U

06-2012 water

H1)

N ME

(°14 29 2

13 213 19 1

13 19 1

12 18 1

10 18 1

13 1

ater temperatu

N ME

(°8 28 28 29 18 19 1

10 18 1

10 19 17 19 1

Use

temperature s

ELTHAMEAN °C)

MED(°C

20.5 21.21.5 21.20.5 20.

7.9 18.5.6 15.3.0 13.2.0 12.2.2 12.3.0 13.4.8 14.7.7 17.8.6 18.

re statistics

VERM

EAN °C)

MED(°C

0.9 21.1.9 21.0.8 20.7.5 18.4.8 15.2.8 13.1.2 11.2.0 11.3.6 13.6.1 15.8.1 18.9.3 19.

statistics

M (HH2, HHDIAN C)

SD

.0 2.0

.5 0.6

.4 1.0

.0 1.4

.4 1.1

.0 1.1

.1 0.9

.1 0.9

.0 0.6

.9 1.3

.7 1.4

.7 1.4

MONT (HH5

DIAN C)

SD

.0 1.9

.7 2.3

.7 1.1

.1 2.6

.3 2.8

.1 1.1

.2 0.8

.9 0.9

.9 1.1

.5 1.2

.2 1.0

.5 1.8

33

H3)

N

12 11 14 16 15 13 12 13 12 14 14 12

5)

N

11 8

10 8

11 8 9 8

10 8 8 9

Water TeWater-En

Append

Figure D consumpt


dix D.2 Mon

- 1: Zone 4 coltion from heate


nthly Cold W

lumn shows thed water system


Water Temp

e AS/NZS 4234ms in Melbour

ns for Househ

perature Va

4:2008 temperrne (AS/NZS, 2

hold Energy U

alues in AS/N

rature values u2008)

Use

NZS 4234:2

used for calcula

2008

ating energy

34

Water TeWater-En

Appen

Table E -

YEA

202020202020202020202020AV

Table E -

YEA

202020202020202020202020A

Table E -

YEA

201201201201201201201201201201201201AV


ndix E - N

1: HH1 & HH

AR MONT

12 A12 MA12 JU12 JU12 AU12 S12 O12 NO12 D13 JA13 F13 MAVERAGE DA

2: HH3 & HH

AR MONT

012 A012 MA012 JU012 JU012 AU012 S012 O012 NO012 D013 JA013 F013 MAVERAGE DA

3: HH5, Apr 2

AR MONT

12 AP12 MA12 JU12 JU12 AU12 SE12 OC12 NO12 DE13 JA13 FE13 MAVERAGE DA


earest Up

H2, Apr 2012–M

TH MEAN

(°C) APR 19.0 AY 14.5 UN 12.3 UL 10.4 UG 11.2

SEP 12.3 CT 13.4 OV 16.1 EC 18.6 AN 20.8 EB #DIV/0AR 20.0 AY 16.3

H4, Apr 2012–M

TH MEAN

(°C) APR 17.5 AY 15.1 UN 13.3 UL 11.9 UG #DIV/0

SEP 12.4 OCT 13.9

OV 17.7 DEC 18.8

AN 19.9 EB 22.0 AR #DIV/0AY 16.8

2012–Mar 2013

TH MEAN

(°C) PR 18.6 AY 16.0 UN #DIV/0!UL #DIV/0!UG 14.2 EP 14.3 CT 14.8 OV 18.2 EC 19.8 AN 22.3 EB 18.3 AR 20.6 AY 16.8


stream Es

Mar 2013 near

UPSTREAN MEDIAN

(°C) 19.0 14.5 12.3 10.4 11.2 12.3 13.4 16.1 18.6 20.8

0! #NUM!20.0 15.8

Mar 2013 near

UPSTREAN MEDIAN

(°C) 17.5 15.1 13.3 11.9

0! #NUM!12.4 13.9 17.7 18.8 19.9 22.0

0! #NUM!17.1

3 nearest upstr

UPSTREAM MEDIAN

(°C) 18.6 16.0

! #NUM!! #NUM!

14.2 14.3 14.8 18.2 19.8 22.3 18.3 20.6 16.5

ns for Househ

stimates

rest upstream w

AM OF HH1N

SD

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1.1

rest upstream w

AM OF HH3N

SD

-- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

0.7

ream water tem

M OF HH5N

SD

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

0.8

hold Energy U

water tempera

1

N M

(1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 21 20 12 27 1

water tempera

3

N M

(1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 21 20 27

mperature stat

N

1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7

Use

ature statistics

UPSTREMEAN

(°C) MED

(°C17.5 1715.2 1513.4 1312.1 1211.7 1112.1 1215.0 1516.7 1620.3 2021.6 2119.5 1920.4 2016.1 16

ature statistics

UPSTREMEAN

(°C) MED

(°C19.4 1914.0 1413.5 1313.7 1312.5 1213.7 1315.3 1518.4 1818.9 1823.3 2323.3 2322.2 2217.9 18

tistics

REAM OF HDIAN C)

SD

7.5 -- 5.2 -- 3.4 -- 2.1 -- 1.7 -- 2.1 -- 5.0 -- 6.7 -- 0.3 -- 1.6 -- 9.5 -- 0.4 -- 6.4 0.6

REAM OF HDIAN C)

SD

9.4 -- 4.0 -- 3.5 -- 3.7 -- 2.5 -- 3.7 -- 5.3 -- 8.4 -- 8.9 -- 3.3 -- 3.3 -- 2.2 -- 8.1 1.0

35

HH2

N

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 7

HH4

N

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7

Water TeWater-En

Appen Append

Figure Faverage data waswhilst Vhouseho

Figure F -2006-2012

Figure F -water tem


ndix F – W

dix F.1 Com

F - 1 and Fitemperature

s chosen as tViewbank we

ld locations

- 1: (a) Glen W2 water temper

- 2: (a) Blackbmperature vs ai


Water Tem

mparing Lon

gure F - 2 ps of the subthe AIR dataeather stationand tempera

Waverley (HH1rature vs air te

urn (HH4), 20ir temperature


mperature E

ng Term Av

present a comurb scale RA

aset for Glenn data was c

ature data ava

), 2006-2012 wemperature

06-2012 watere

ns for Househ

Estimates

verages

mparison beAW dataset

n Waverley (chosen for Eailability (illu

water temperat

r temperature v

hold Energy U

from Air

etween the loto the AIR dHH1), Black

Eltham (HH2ustrated in F

ture vs air tem

vs air tempera

Use

Temperat

onger term (dataset. Scorkburn (HH4)2 & HH3) baigure 6).

perature; (b) E

ature; (b) Verm

ture Data

(2006-2012)resby weathe) and Vermoased on prox

Eltham (HH2

mont (HH5), 20

36

monthly er station nt (HH5) ximity to

& HH3),

006-2012

Water TeWater-En

Append

Figure F -estimates water tem

Append

Figure F -Mar 2013Mar 2013


dix F.2 Cold

- 3: (a) Glen Wfrom Scoresby

mperature estim

dix F.3 Lee

- 4: (a) Glen W3); (b) Eltham (3)


d Water Tem

Waverley (HH1y Research Insmates from Vie

Model Esti

Waverley (HH1(HH2 & HH3)


mperature E

), Blackburn (stitute station dewbank station

imates vs Su

) Lee Model w Lee Model wa

ns for Househ

Estimates fr

(HH4) and Verdata (Apr 2012n data (Apr 20

uburb Mean

water temperatater temperatu

hold Energy U

rom Air Tem

rmont (HH5) L2–Mar 2013); (

012–Mar 2013)

n Method

ture estimates vure estimates v

Use

mperature D

Lee Model wat(b) Eltham (HH

vs suburb meavs suburb mean

Data (Lee M

ter temperaturH2 & HH3) Le

an method (Apn method (Apr

37

Model)

re ee Model

pr 2012– r 2012–

Water TeWater-En

Figure F -2013); (b)

Table F - 2013)

YEAR

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013

Table F - 2013)

YEAR

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013


- 5: (a) Blackb) Vermont (HH

1: Glen Waver

MON

MARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMAR

2: Eltham (HH

MON



urn (HH3) LeeH5) Lee Model

rley (HH1) dif

TH Ta

(°R 1R 1Y 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2R 2

H2 & HH3) dif

TH Ta

(°R 1R 1Y 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2R 2


e Model waterwater temper

fference betwee

a(m-1)

°C) LeH

7.1 5.0 1.9

9.7 9.5 0.2 2.3 3.8 6.7 8.3

20.2 21.4 20.3

fference betwe

a(m-1)

°C) Le

HH7.5 5.2 1.9

9.7 9.5 0.3 2.3 4.1 7.3 8.8

20.6 21.8 20.5

ns for Househ

r temperature eature estimate

en Lee Model

ee Model

HH1 (°C) --

16.4 15.0 12.9 11.5 11.3 11.7 13.2 14.2 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.3

een Lee Model

ee Model H2&3 (°C)

-- 16.7 15.2 13.0 11.5 11.4 11.9 13.2 14.4 16.6 17.6 18.8 19.6

hold Energy U

estimates vs sues vs suburb m

estimates and

Suburb MeaHH1 (°C)

-- 18.2 13.9 13.1 11.2 11.5 13

15.2 16.4 19.9 20.6 22.9 20.8

estimates and

Suburb MeaHH2&3 (°C)

-- 17.8 15.4 12.9 12.1 12.1 12.6 14

16.8 18.8 20.7 22.3 21

Use

uburb mean meean method (A

suburb mean m

an HH1 Δ(°C

-- 1.8-1.10.2-0.30.21.32.02.23.83.44.51.5

suburb mean

an )

HH2&3(°C

-- 1.10.20.00.60.70.70.82.42.23.23.51.4

method (Apr 20Apr 2012–Mar

method (Apr 2

ΔT° C)

HDif

8 1 2 3 2 3 0 2 8 4 5 5

method (Apr 2

3 ΔT° C)

HHDif

1 2 0 6 7 7 8 4 2 2 5 4

38

12–Mar

r 2013)

2012–Mar

HH1 % fference

-- 10.1% -7.6% 1.4% -2.4% 1.8% 9.6% 13.3% 13.5% 19.1% 16.5% 19.6% 7.4%

2012–Mar

H2&3 % fference

-- 6.5% 1.4% -0.3% 5.0% 6.4% 5.7% 5.7% 16.5% 13.4% 17.9% 18.7% 7.2%

Water TeWater-En

Table F - 2013)

YEAR

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013

Table F -

YEAR

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013


3: Blackburn

R MON

MAAPRMAJUNJULAUGSEPOCNOVDECJANFEBMA

4: Vermont (H

MON



(HH4) differen

NTH Ta

(AR 1

R 1AY 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2

AR 2

HH5) differenc

TH Ta

(°R 1R 1Y 1N 9L 9G 1P 1T 1V 1C 1N 2B 2R 2


nce between Le

a(m-1)

°C) LeH

17.1 15.0 11.9 9.7 9.5

10.2 12.3 13.8 16.7 18.3 20.2 21.4 20.3

ce between Lee

a(m-1)

°C) T

H7.1 5.0 1.9

9.7 9.5 0.2 2.3 3.8 6.7 8.3

20.2 21.4 20.3

ns for Househ

ee Model estim

ee Model

HH4 (°C) --

16.4 15.0 12.9 11.5 11.3 11.7 13.2 14.2 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.3

e Model estimaTmain(m)

HH1 (°C) --

16.4 15.0 12.9 11.5 11.3 11.7 13.2 14.2 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.3

hold Energy U

mates and subu

Suburb MeaHH4 (°C)

-- 17.2 13.8 12.3 11.9 11.5 15.1 15.4 19.1 20.2 21.9 23.2 21.8

ates and suburbYVW

HH1 (°C)--

18.4 16.1 12.6 12.2 11.9 14.0 15.4 17.8 19.5 22.3 19.2 21.4

Use

urb mean meth

an HH4 Δ(°C

-- 0.8-1.1-0.70.40.23.42.24.94.14.74.82.5

b mean methoHH1 Δ

(°C--

2.01.1-0.30.70.62.32.23.63.45.10.82.1

hod (Apr 2012–

ΔT° C)

HDif

8 1 7 4 2 4 22 9 21 27 28 25

od (Apr 2012–MΔT°

C) H

Di

0 1 3 7 6 3 2 6 24 1 28 1

39

–Mar

HH4 % fference

-- 4.6% -8.2% -5.4% 3.7% 1.8% 22.4% 14.4% 25.6% 20.1% 21.3% 20.7% 11.4%

Mar 2013) HH1 % fference

-- 10.8% 6.8% -2.5% 5.6% 4.8% 16.1% 14.2% 20.3% 17.3% 22.8% 4.3% 9.9%

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Bors 2014 Water temperature and implications for … Temperature in Melbourne and Implications for Household Energy Use Project: Water-Energy-Carbon Links in Households and Cities: