Boreal Forest

Coniferous TreesEvergreen trees

Needle-leavesCan survive cold winters and uneven precipitation

Boreal Forest Animals

Photo 4

Squirrel

Lynx Beaver

Moose

Wolf

The Prairies

GrasslandsIt is very dry in the southIn the north, moist enough for ranching and

agriculture, but not moist enough for trees

Prairie Animals

Deer

Owl

Groundhog Bison

Interior Mountain RangeVaried vegetation

Pine forestsSmall shrubsGrasses

Animals of the Interior Mountains

•Coastal ForestConiferous Rainforest

The mild temperature and heavy precipitation allowsthe trees to grow extremely large

-up to 90m tall

RESOURCES IN CANADA: FUR

WOOD

FISH

LAND!!!!

PIONEER LIFE

BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

British North AmericaUpper Canada: “up” the St. Lawrence River

(part of Ontario)Lower Canada: “down” the St. Lawrence

River (part of Quebec)Maritime Provinces:

-Newfoundland -New Brunswick, -Nova Scotia -Prince Edward Island

Fear of attack from the US made the ties to Britain stronger

Many immigrants from the US and BritainCHEAP LAND!

Loyalists: Americans who did not support the American Revolution and remained loyal to Britain

Native people dying from European diseases

THE WAR OF 1812US tried to invade British North America to

gain more territoryFrench, British and First Nations fought to

keep the Americans backNeither side won or lost territory

HOWEVER...Upper and Lower Canada was ruled

by wealthy British who tried to: prevent an American-style government

accumulate as much wealth as possible

Had a system of unfair land policies & bad government

Problems Begin to Arise...Americans who came to Canada wanted equal opportunity for all

Poor British had come to escape this type of government

French resented British rulers

UPPER CANADA: 1800sNewest colony Populated by mostly AmericansFew roadsLots of forestsClearing land was very difficult

Family farm took 20 or more years to clearCooperation between neighborsChurch, maybe a small school

Took years to get a decent crop that would not be entirely consumed to feed the whole family or sold to pay off debt

Almost everyone in debt and mortgaged their next crop to obtain supplies

What does mortgage mean? To use as security on a loan: “I will give you half of the corn I grow if you loan

me $XXX”

Barter economy: exchange goods and services rather than moneyFarmer would pay for work by doctor, or builder

with wheat or corn Determine the value of each product/service and then

exchange

ON BOARD: Advantages and Disadvantages from the point of :

teenagers -small businesses -Cdn economy

Younger students barter: why?

HomeworkRead pages 14-18 begin a chapter vocabulary list defining the

following terms: MetisMonopolyMortgageMoney economyBarter economy

HOMEWORKREAD 19-22

Do any definitions in bold (5)May have a quiz next class on definitions and

on challenges, reasons to come to Canada, and on resources

Using pages 14 & 15 in your textbook, answer the following questions:

The Land of Yesterday (p.14-15) 1) Why did immigrants come to Upper Canada

after the War of 1812?2) Describe the economy of the Maritimes.3) Who was the HBC and the NWC?4) Where was the most desirable land located?

Why do you think this was so?5) How were the goals of the fur traders, Metis,

and First Nations people different from the European and American immigrants?

6) Examine Table 1.1. What were the top three animals (in numbers) killed that year? 

Answers:1. Many immigrants came for the rich and

inexpensive farmland.2. The economy in the Maritimes was based on

shipbuilding and trade with Britain and New England. Newfoundland’s economy was based on fish and timber

3. The Hudson’s Bay Company and Northwest Company fought for control of the fur trade and set up trading posts

4. The most desirable land was found in Upper Canada near the US because the soil was very fertile and there was a lot of available timber and water.

5. European and American immigrants wanted to set up boundaries, surveys, schools, etc., and fur traders, Metis and First Nations did not.

6. The top three animals killed that year were deers, beavers, and muskrats