Border problemsBorder problemsBorder problemsBorder problems

Jawarlal NehruJawarlal NehruJawarlal NehruJawarlal Nehru Ally of Gandhi.Ally of Gandhi. 11stst Prime Minister Prime Minister

of India, of India, 1947-1964.1947-1964.

Advocated Advocated Industrialization.Industrialization.

Promoted “Green Promoted “Green Revolution”.Revolution”.

Mixed Economy.Mixed Economy. Nonaligned Movement.Nonaligned Movement.

Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement

Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement

The “mix” refers to private & The “mix” refers to private & public ownership. public ownership.

Foreign aid & foreign investment are Foreign aid & foreign investment are crucial.crucial.

Urban areas have high-tech Urban areas have high-tech companies.companies.

Three quarters of the population are Three quarters of the population are farmers living in small villages. farmers living in small villages.

India's India's "Green Revolution""Green Revolution" allowed allowed farmers to triple their crop by using farmers to triple their crop by using modern science and technology. modern science and technology.

India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economy”economy”

India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economy”economy”

India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”

India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”

Introducing Introducing higher-higher-yielding varieties yielding varieties of seeds in 1965.of seeds in 1965.

Increased use of Increased use of fertilizers & fertilizers & irrigation.irrigation.

GOALGOAL make make India self-India self-sufficient in food sufficient in food grains.grains.

Nehru’s daughter.Nehru’s daughter. Prime Minister of Prime Minister of

India, 1966-1984.India, 1966-1984. Continues Nehru’s Continues Nehru’s

policies.policies. Faced corruption Faced corruption

charges & internal charges & internal rebellion.rebellion.

Assassinated in Assassinated in 1984.1984.

Indira GandhiIndira GandhiIndira GandhiIndira Gandhi

India’s persecution of SikhsIndia’s persecution of SikhsIndia’s persecution of SikhsIndia’s persecution of Sikhs

Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!

Mrs. Gandhi lying in Mrs. Gandhi lying in state.state.

Indira’s son.Indira’s son. Prime Minister of Prime Minister of

India, 1984-1989.India, 1984-1989. Some reform of Some reform of

economy & economy & government.government.

Also faced rebellion.Also faced rebellion. Assassinated in 1991 Assassinated in 1991

while campaigning.while campaigning.

Rajiv GandhiRajiv GandhiRajiv GandhiRajiv Gandhi

Italian-bornItalian-born Sonia Maino Sonia Maino married Rajiv married Rajiv 1968. 1968.

Moved into the Moved into the house of mother-house of mother-in-law, Prime in-law, Prime MinisterMinisterIndira Gandhi.Indira Gandhi.

A foreigner joins the A foreigner joins the familyfamily

A foreigner joins the A foreigner joins the familyfamily

1983 1983 Indian Indian citizen. citizen.

1984 1984 first first ladylady when her when her husband, husband, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, succeeded his succeeded his assassinated assassinated mother as Prime mother as Prime Minister. Minister.

Mrs. Sonia Maino Mrs. Sonia Maino GandhiGandhi

Mrs. Sonia Maino Mrs. Sonia Maino GandhiGandhi

1991 1991 Tragedy struck the Gandhi Tragedy struck the Gandhifamily again when Rajiv was killed family again when Rajiv was killed by by a suicide bomber.a suicide bomber.

Sonia GandhiSonia Gandhi remains remains RomanRoman Catholic, but Catholic, but follows follows HinduHindu and Indian and Indian traditions. traditions.

With her With her children, she children, she scattered scattered Rajiv's ashes Rajiv's ashes in the in the Ganges. Ganges.

After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away from from the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to startstart her own career as a “Gandhi” again her own career as a “Gandhi” again andand became an important political leader. became an important political leader.

Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Priyanka have also become Priyanka have also become politically active. politically active.

When her When her partyparty won in the won in the recent recent elections, elections, she was asked she was asked to be Prime to be Prime Minister. Minister.

She decided She decided notnot to accept the to accept the position. position.

““The Jewel turns down the The Jewel turns down the crown!”crown!”““The Jewel turns down the The Jewel turns down the crown!”crown!”

May 2004 May 2004 he he held up a letter held up a letter from India's from India's president president authorizing him to authorizing him to form a new form a new government as government as prime minister. prime minister.

He stood next toHe stood next to Sonia Gandhi, the Sonia Gandhi, the candidate for the candidate for the post who stunned post who stunned the country when she declined the office. the country when she declined the office.

Manmohan SinghManmohan SinghManmohan SinghManmohan Singh

May 2004May 2004

India Swears in 13th Prime India Swears in 13th Prime Minister Minister and the first Sikh in the job. and the first Sikh in the job.

Overpopulation Overpopulation 1.1 billion & 1.1 billion & climbing.climbing.

Economic development.Economic development. Hindu-Muslim tensions.Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues Gender issues dowry killings. dowry killings. Caste bias Caste bias discrimination against discrimination against untouchables continues. untouchables continues.

The Kashmir dispute & nuclear The Kashmir dispute & nuclear weapons.weapons.

Political assassinations.Political assassinations.

Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues

in India todayin India today

Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues

in India todayin India today

Greater tamil naduGreater tamil naduGreater tamil naduGreater tamil nadu

Tamil Separatism:Tamil Separatism:The “Tamil Tigers”The “Tamil Tigers”Tamil Separatism:Tamil Separatism:The “Tamil Tigers”The “Tamil Tigers”

Is the dream Is the dream gone?gone?

Is the dream Is the dream gone?gone?

Led briefly by Led briefly by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Prime Minister Ayub Prime Minister Ayub Khan.Khan.

Dangerous combinationDangerous combination Was not prepared Was not prepared

to rule in 1948.to rule in 1948. Strong Islamic Strong Islamic

fundamentalism.fundamentalism. Impoverished.Impoverished.

Pakistan divides in 1972Pakistan divides in 1972 W. Pakistan = PakistanW. Pakistan = Pakistan E. Pakistan = BangladeshE. Pakistan = Bangladesh

PakistaPakistann

PakistaPakistann

First Woman Prime First Woman Prime Minister, 1988Minister, 1988 Ousted in 1990, 1993 Ousted in 1990, 1993

on corruption on corruption charges.charges.

Nawaz SharifNawaz Sharif Ousted three times.Ousted three times. Struggle between Struggle between

modernizers and modernizers and fundamentalists.fundamentalists.

Assassinated in 12-Assassinated in 12-27 of 2007 while 27 of 2007 while running for Re-running for Re-electionelection

Benazir BhuttoBenazir BhuttoBenazir BhuttoBenazir Bhutto

Coup d’etatCoup d’etat. (military style). (military style) Secular government against Secular government against Islamic Islamic fundamentalists. fundamentalists. U.S. ally in the “War on U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.”Terror.”

Gen. Pervez MusharafGen. Pervez MusharafGen. Pervez MusharafGen. Pervez Musharaf

Economic development.Economic development. Political instability/militaryPolitical instability/military dictatorship. dictatorship.

Hindu-Muslim tensions.Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues Gender issues honor honor killings.killings.

Terrorism.Terrorism. The Kashmir dispute & The Kashmir dispute & nuclear nuclear weapons. weapons.

Most recently--Taliban in Most recently--Taliban in NorthNorth

Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues

in Pakistan todayin Pakistan today

Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues

in Pakistan todayin Pakistan today

India-Pakistan Border India-Pakistan Border DisputesDisputes

India-Pakistan Border India-Pakistan Border DisputesDisputes

1971 India-Pakistan 1971 India-Pakistan WarWar

1971 India-Pakistan 1971 India-Pakistan WarWar

2002 Military Statistics2002 Military Statistics2002 Military Statistics2002 Military Statistics

Kashmir CrisisKashmir CrisisKashmir CrisisKashmir Crisis

Indian Soldiers Near Indian Soldiers Near the Pakistani Border - the Pakistani Border -

20012001

Indian Soldiers Near Indian Soldiers Near the Pakistani Border - the Pakistani Border -

20012001

A Pakistani RangerA Pakistani RangerA Pakistani RangerA Pakistani Ranger

At the Indian-Pakistani Joint Border At the Indian-Pakistani Joint Border Check Post in Wagha, India - 2001Check Post in Wagha, India - 2001

Anti-war Protestors in Anti-war Protestors in Karachi, Pakistan - Karachi, Pakistan -

20012001

Anti-war Protestors in Anti-war Protestors in Karachi, Pakistan - Karachi, Pakistan -

20012001

Kashmiri Militants - Kashmiri Militants - 20032003

Kashmiri Militants - Kashmiri Militants - 20032003

What title would you What title would you give this political give this political

cartoon?cartoon?

What title would you What title would you give this political give this political

cartoon?cartoon?

The India-Pakistan Arms The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in the Late Race Heats Up in the Late

1990s1990s

The India-Pakistan Arms The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in the Late Race Heats Up in the Late

1990s1990s

2002 Nuclear 2002 Nuclear StatisticsStatistics

2002 Nuclear 2002 Nuclear StatisticsStatistics

India’s Prithvi Missiles India’s Prithvi Missiles First Tested in 1988First Tested in 1988

India’s Prithvi Missiles India’s Prithvi Missiles First Tested in 1988First Tested in 1988

Supporters of former Indian Prime Supporters of former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee chant Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee chant nationalist slogans in support for nationalist slogans in support for

his nuclear policy - 1998his nuclear policy - 1998

Right-wing Pakistani Right-wing Pakistani Activists Burn Indian Flag to Activists Burn Indian Flag to Protest Indian Nuclear Tests Protest Indian Nuclear Tests

- 1998- 1998

India Displays Nuclear India Displays Nuclear Missiles During “Republic Missiles During “Republic

Day,” - 2002Day,” - 2002

India Successfully India Successfully Tested Agni Missiles - Tested Agni Missiles -

20022002

India Successfully India Successfully Tested Agni Missiles - Tested Agni Missiles -

20022002

Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?

Partners in the “War Partners in the “War on Terror?”on Terror?”

Partners in the “War Partners in the “War on Terror?”on Terror?”