BORDER LIMIT DETECTORSYNOPSIS PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED BY
IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTIONThe technology proliferation of Global Positioning
System (GPS) is used to provide location basedpositioning,
Navigation and time details in all climatic conditions and even
anywhere any time. Though it comprisesthree units namely control
unit, space and user unit and has become popularly used technology
for time and locationsensitive navigation, tracking and
surveillance applications. The requirements of safety civilian in
the sea as themaritime boundary (navigation) of a country cannot be
achieved. The marine GPS navigation device and packagesbecame a
revolutionizing tool for fisherman boats maritime border crossing
issues. The proposed system coins a lowcost maritime border
crossing alert system that amalgamating the potency of marine GPS
device. It continuouslymonitoring, tracking, alerting and
controlling the fishermans activity from the remote station located
on the shore.
At first the wireless networks are utilized by many applications
where the locations of the nodes in the networks need to be tracked
based on the calculation ofcommunication factors among nodes. Hence
many timeand secure sensitive applications require the deploymentof
mobile ad-hoc networks. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) can also
used for addressing these issues byalgorithms called cooperative
localization. The challengesare extended to cooperative
localization is that multiplehops nodes cannot be localized using
single hoplocalization algorithms. In sensor network technology,
thelocalization of sensor needs to be tagged with sensor data.Cost
and energy depletions are the notable drawbacks ofthe sensor
networks. Presently there are few existingsystems using GPS
technology to track and identify thecurrent position of the
boats/ships. These systems usedelectronic map that provides an
effective method fornavigation and localization detection by the
nave users.This also acquires increased levels of safety and
efficiency
INTRODUCTION:
The BORDER LIMIT DETECTOR is used for sensing border limit of
country. This project gains its importance from the fact that we
can prevent dispute with countries on the issues of crossing the
border.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION
RF OSCILLATOR
A Hartley oscillator is essentially any configuration that uses
two series-connected coils and a single capacitor (see Colpitts
oscillator for the equivalent oscillator using two capacitors and
one coil). Although there is no requirement for there to be mutual
coupling between the two coil segments, the circuit is usually
implemented this way.It is made up of the following:1. Two
inductors in series, which need not be mutual1. One tuning
capacitorAdvantages of the Hartley oscillator include:1. The
frequency may be varied using a variable capacitor1. The output
amplitude remains constant over the frequency range1. Either a
tapped coil or two fixed inductors are neededDisadvantages
include:1. Harmonic-rich content if taken from the amplifier and
not directly from the LC circuit.Note that, if the inductance of
the two partial coils L1 and L2 is given (e.g. in a simulator), the
total effective inductance that determines the frequency of the
oscillation is (coupling factor k):
RF AMPLIFIER An RF power amplifier is a type of electronic
amplifier used to convert a low-power radio-frequency signal into a
larger signal of significant power, typically for driving the
antenna of a transmitter. It is usually optimized to have high
efficiency, high output Power(P1dB) compression, good return loss
on the input and output, good gain, and optimum heat
dissipation.
FREQUENCY MODULATOR In telecommunications, frequency modulation
(FM) conveys information
over a carrier wave by varying its frequency (contrast this with
amplitude
modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied
while its
frequency remains constant). In analog applications, the
difference between
the instantaneous and the base frequency of the carrier is
directly
proportional to the instantaneous value of the input signal.
Digital data can
be sent by shifting the carrier's frequency among a set of
discrete values, a
technique known as frequency-shift keying.
RF TRANSMITTER
A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the
aid of an
antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio,
television, or
other telecommunications.
RF ANTENNA The RF antenna is a small loop antenna which detects
the RF signals from the mobile phone ranging from 0.9 to 3 GHz.
AMPLIFIERS Generally, an amplifier or simply amp, is any device
that changes, usually increases, the amplitude of a signal. The
relationship of the input to the output of an amplifierusually
expressed as a function of the input frequencyis called the
transfer function of the amplifier, and the magnitude of the
transfer function is termed the gain.In popular use, the term
usually describes an electronic amplifier, in which the input
"signal" is usually a voltage or a current. In audio applications,
amplifiers drive the loudspeakers used in PA systems to make the
human voice louder or play recorded music. Amplifiers may be
classified according to the input (source) they are designed to
amplify (such as a guitar amplifier, to perform with an electric
guitar), the device they are intended to drive (such as a headphone
amplifier), the frequency range of the signals (Audio, IF, RF, and
VHF amplifiers, for example), whether they invert the signal
(inverting amplifiers and non-inverting amplifiers), or the type of
device used in the amplification (valve or tube amplifiers, FET
amplifiers, etc.).
CONCLUSION:The primary goal of this report is to present the
project BORDER LIMIT DETECTOR, which is successfully completed and
tested. This enhanced device is very useful for day to day
applications in over s especially for Navy Ships, War Ships,
fisherman.. And thus we submit this valuable project with perfect
analysis and report.
REFERENCES:1. Project Designing-John Derek www.pd.com
1. www.datasheets.com
1. Basic Informations-www.google.com
1. www.electronicsforu.com
3
LOCALOSC
RFAMP
Mixer
RXANTENNA
DE-MOD
3 stageIF Amplifier
+B
+5Volt
Amplifier
comparator
Green LedIndicator
Red LedIndicator
Buzzer
Distance Level Control
9 VoltBattery
5 Volt Regulated PSU
+5Volt-
FreqModulator
RFDRIVER
RFTRANSMITER
ANTENNA
RFL/COscillator
9VBATTERY
