Book of Signs- Rudolph Koch

8/11/2019 Book of Signs- Rudolph Koch

1/57

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TH OO O SIGNS

RUDOLF

KOCH

..

10

10( . .....

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. h

I ,,,,,,, 1 ,.....,

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1


2/57

Cbt t oo of ~ t u

w ~ i d contains all

manner

of

symbols

useb from earliest times

mibble

ages

by

primitibe

peoples n

< atly

e t ~ r i s t i a n s

etollecteb,

brawn

n

e qllaineb

by ~ u b o l f ~ o d

~ r a n s a t e b from

Cllerman

I ybyan

jollanb

O V R PUBLIC TIONS INC

W YOR


3/57

Th is De

ver

edmon

,

finl

publis

hed in 1955, is a n

unolbridgrd

an d

un a

ltered repu

bl

ication

of the

Eng

lish

t

... nslalion originally published by the First Edition Club

o f lo nd on in 1930 . .

The Book of

Sign,

belongs

to

the Dover Pictorial

Archive Series. Up 10 te n illustrations fro m this book

may

be

rep roduced on a yone

projec

t or in any single

publication. free and without

special

perm ission. Wh er

ever possible indud. .. a credit line indica ting the titl e

of

Ihis

book

, a

uthor

,

and

publisher. Please

add

ress th e pub-

lisher f

or

perm ission to make mo re ex ten sive use o f

i .

lustr

ation

s in this book tha n tha i au lhmized

above

.

Th

o

rt'pub li


4/57

Students

of

modern printing will be w re that Rudolf

o h

is an outstanding personality in the modern devel-

opment of

the graphic arts in Germany and has achieved

fame as a type-designer calligrapher artist and

book-

binder The present

translation of his Book of Signs contains 493 symbols

used from ancient times up to the middle ages which

have been collected by Koch and his friends from carvings

inscriptions

and

manuscripts.

mong

them are Byzantine

monograms the s ns

of

the Cross the

Holy

initials

stonemason s signs the signs

of

the four elements

and

botanical astrological and chemical signs They have

been redrawn

n

explained by Rudolf

o h

himself

and cut on

woo

by Fritz Kredel As

re ers

will readily

see they have in their present form at least visual as

well as symbolic beauty

A JASymons


5/57

1.

~ r n e r l

s ns

t I6t )e

origin

from w )id)

all eiglUl start anb

16

t )efr in

nerm

ost eesence.

Ot WM

wil )

1

)

18 Ibea t at t )e mMonlc

lobgeo of olb eJqlte80eb t )e

oecmyoft )efr

guilbo

by means

of

l )

eot

he llert

ic

al etroher

epuoento

Iht one-nese

of < lob,

or tbe

In general; It

alee

power

beocenbing

111 011

llI

o

hlnbf

rom oboue

or,

III Ihe cppocite birectlo

n,

l )e

I

11I 111110 ofmn

nhl

nbtowarbo

Il


6/57

On

eign

of

ltr06e

ob

arecombineb

n are

in

m

Srom two

simple

lines

a

completeeign

been

e u o l u e ltroee Ie by far

earlieet

of

a

ll

eigne,anbiefounb

e u e r y w ~ m , q u i t e a m

co

nce

pnon of l t ~ r i 6 t i a

tl)e circle, being w i t ~ o u t be-

ginn

ing or enb, ie

elsea

eign of

ob

orof


7/57

5

tl)io te an

o

emblem

for tl)e

sun,

witl)

tl)ree

r a y o

ereee

otroheo

at

tl)e enee of tl)e royo

oymboli3e

tl)e boult of tl)e

~ e o -

nene,

tl)e

furco,

or

forh,

a

mebiaebal

oymbol for tl)e ~ r i n i t y te cleo

al ytl)agorcon emblem

of

tl)e

ceueee

of life, In

tl)e form

of

a

rioing

patl) witl) forh roabo to

< loob

nb

~ b i l .

Bign

te

bery andent in origin, nb

Ie

probobly connecteb witl)

tl)e

nel t oign:

equare

iotl)e

emblem oftl)e

wodb nb

of

n a t u r e . ~ o

Motinct

fro mtl)e triongle it i o t l e ~ l d -

tic

n emblem

of

wodblin28o.

\I

nit te oymboli3eb tl)e

number

four

I

tl)iol)118 a

l)oot of oignl-

118: tl)e four elements,

thc

fo

ur

eomere

o f t l e ~ e a b e M

thc

fo

ur ~ b a n g e l i o t o tl)e

four

db rro of arobioe .

htcc

trionolco olltoud)

lng at

II

mimi

point

to form

new

n II1

I C

, il:hio

Ie

on

olb

oymbol

nlIh c ll\obl,co

b,

Ucyonb

tll

io

1

\lhll10lo hno

ruu

obout it.

We now

carry tl)e

mObement

of

tl)e triangleo a otep furtl)er,

00

tl)at tl)ey

part again anb form

a equore otanMng upon one of

ito ceenere, tl)e

triangleol)abc

a common baee

line,

but

tl)ey

point

away from cad) otl)er in-

oteab of towarbo cad) otl)er

ao

b e f o r e . ~ i o ~ g u r e iotl)e oimplc

eum of

tl)e two triangleo

lyino

next te, but quite dear of, cod)

otl)er.tl)io

olona oo otonbo fot

tl)e four fboI10c

liot

o.

ourprioing

eectiene nbceree-

latioM, in

wl)id) oil emcll

biotinct triangleo are groupeb

creun

a

large central l)el agon.

beautifulotar l)aoappeareb,

tl)ougl),wl)en

we

el amlne

it,we

eee tl)at botl) tl)e

original

trian-

gleo

still

retain

tl)elr

Inbibibua-

lily. tl)uo it te wl)en a perfect

marriage

binbo

man nb wo-

man

togdl)er.

Ul I)cn, IOWeber , tI

)ey

Pl18

t

l)r

onol)

one anotl)er, tl)e nature

ofbotl)ie

funbamentally

altmb

nb

ce it

appearo,

10 prac-

tically

obliterateb.

cemplic-

ateb nb

entirely

oymmetrical

pattern ieformeb, witl) ncwanb

4

13otl) r e o n o w

otart

mObing

townrb o

one cnother,

nb

tl)eu tond) cad) otl)er witl) tl)rir

apel eotl)cy form

n o t l c r ~ g u r e

entirely

nc

w in appearance,

wltl)out

, l)ow

cb

er, eitl)er

of

tl)e

original n r c o bcing bamageb

or intcrfcrcb wltl) in any way .


8/57

itl)c pcntagram, a fioe-pointeb

otar brawn w i t ~ one otrohe of

tI,C

pen:

t ~ i o Dign belongo, n

bo

many

o t ~ e r o bepkteb ~ e r e ,

to

tI,c moo t

primitioe

of

man

hi

nb

,anb

iocertainly

mud)olber

tI1

1n

written dJ

aractero.6igno

of tI

)l

o hinb are

quite

moot

nnctcnt

)uman

bocumento we

pe

c

ce

ee.

it )e

pentagram

1

1b

oct cral bifferent oignifica

tlcue at Olff

m nt rimee in

) Iotorll of man ~

l y t ~ a

oo

rtano callebit

p e n t a l p ~ a

anbtI)C cWc r i e o t o t ~ e witd)

foot

vt ie

alo06 010mon 0oeal,

moum in tl)cmiMle ~ o e o e

tIC ooblin o

cr

oo o.vtalso repre

eeute tl)c fioc eeneee; male

a

nb

fcm

a

lc

pr

inclpleo

are

aloo

COllllClicb

bll

tIC arranoement

of tI,c fioc

po

inte.

t )e

bl ulbo It lvao t )c sion of

Qlob

-

6

~ e a b , a n b to t ~ e 3 e w o itsignifieb

fioemooaic

b o o h o . ~ i s sign

w

clee popularly belieoeb to

be aprotectionagainot m o n ~

anb by

analogy

a

oymbol of

safety. Ot te

belieoeb too

to be

emblem of ~ a p p y ~ o m e -

coming

w ~ e n c e

ito employ

ment ceanamulet. On ancient

times

it w magic

d)arm

amongol people of.l3abylon.

~

octogram

ane i g ~ t - inteb

olar

brawn w i t ~

one otrohe of

pen.

~ l a n a t i o n of

t ~ i o

sign ie hnown.

we )aoe alreaby bealt, a

f u r t ~ e r meaning

namely

)e

eiCpectant soul, man

ga3mg

aloft w i t ~ outotretd)eb

atme.

e m Digninoerte

b,

incon

traet

pren icue

o

ign

cxpreooeooaloationbeocenMng

r;o

mab

oo

e

anb opreabing

ooer

thc worlb below. /

hr

tw

o oiono

approadJ

o

ne

anb

[onn

a new fioure.

Ihc ll comeinto contact t )cy

ndNlc epoce

benocen

them.

~ y

promb to

intersect

prongo of forhs appearmg

once

more in

figure

.

reoults in

a n o t ~ e r DiiC

-p

oi

nteb

stcr. two

original figures,

w ~ i d J

were

00 befinite in

impulse t

owarbo

unien, are

completely aboorbeb by ncw

figure w raMateo o t r e n ~ t ~

on all oibeofrom

central

point,

anb ~ , t ~ o u g ~ itself

motion

Ieee

ge

nerateo motion

all

rounb

it.

7


9/57

tl)e

woman becomes pugnant

anb

beats djilb

.

9

tl)e

family;

man w l t ~ wife

anb djilbten.

rooman

n

l ll illl

nb

mo

mou

1I11ltcb fot

1

11\

11,ln.

tl)el1e) t

Is

seties

of

8Igl18

musttating bfelssitubes

offamily

life:

i)lsotbmb

intellect

t l e t ~ m l i l e s w ~ e t ~ e t t ~ e y t u n

bettfeally or ~ o t i ~ o n t a l l y Ot

w ~ e t ~ e t

t ~ e y

mene

t o g e t ~ e t

Ot

inbepenbently,adjiebe n o t ~ i n g

emetglng

lorn

boib anb teo

tuming

to

boib

w ~ e n c e t ~ e y

m m e . 4 . n l y t ~ e

matibe intellect

encloses space

anb fotms

beflnite

flgute, t ~

boby-

less

lines

becoming

teal ob-

ject of w ~ i d j

ttiangle

is

symbol. r o ~ e n intellect is

s ~ a t t m b

fig

ure

bi8801beo

once

mote

anb lines eeturn

to boib,cutting

t1,tougl,

ead

o t ~ e t in

genctal

bisruption.


10/57

~ p a r t from family life te

f r i e n b e ~ i p

between men.

men quam l

n

f i g ~ t

([1

C

man Nee.

m,e

wibow

n

d l1bren.

lOne

d)i1b

Nee.

~ forlorn

motl er w i t ~ I)cr

remaining dlilb.

~

m o t ~ e r

Nee,

leauing

o

eurUU

n

g d i1b,

bearing

Il

I I

in ~ i m e e f

germ

of a

nClll

fa

mily.

he true eeeence of

e e ~ e e

tI)eir r e o l i o n e ~ i p e n

umi

n priuoteinelbente

offami.

III

life, ore in meet

1tllll Ireb form in theee eigne,

111,,1 It

l l l o

be

impoeeible

to

~ h d N I C

tI)e

oimpleetory of

II o]

nlllllliiub

more

luelbly in

I I I I I l l l ~

h, ntel ,erleo of eig

ne

iIlu-

II

IIh

, Ihe

Il

oeingonb

llloning

,,,

hlllllllllli

fc.

~

unborn

d i1b.

Srom

moment

of

b i r t ~ t ~ e

inner

life

begine

to

beue10p

l t ~ e

elrde

boby

enfolNng it.

~

trinity

of

boby,

minb anb

soul

ie now fully manifeeteb.

{ I)e immortal

e e e e n c e t ~ e soul,

ie tI)e point in tl e centre. ~


11/57

inner circle

represents

in-

tellectuallife, mentality

man w ~ i l s t outer circle re-

presents corporeal man

m,e intellect

becomee

bisorbmb

n turnsits s t r e n g t ~ against

itself n

boby.

IJtbreche

r i g ~ t t ~ r o u g ~

con-

finee ofitsmorta frame n

man bies, w ~ u p o n soul

becomes

~ o m e l e s s n

returns

to

place from

it

firet

came.

12

m,e

sign

of

simple

actiuity.m,e

efforts

manltinb

~ l l t ~ e space

assigneb to them, trauersing it

t ~ r o u g ~ o u t .

m,emultiformactiuitiesofman.

Itinbare s ~ o w n by repeating

pmebing ~ g u r e eeberal times

ouer,inbiffmntcompartments.

o


12/57


13/57

~ e R u s s i a n < 1 : r o s s w i t l slant-

ing

footrest.

eigl)Hnbeb


14/57

noman 6acreb


15/57

i

n

roiscb

~ r 0 8 S

w i t ~

a

~ a n b

besibc it; from an olb coin

~ w o r a i o c b ~ r o s s C 8 w ~ i d j w e r e

also besigl1cb as ~ r d a n g r l i c a l

~ r 0 8 s e s .

+

g

7

he \fr

oos

crccteb on a column

I

IN

ot

o

l

bi

l

0

up

on

four

u,

lllhll ll)m O)Nllbbe

fOllr

I 1 101 1110 c I ploil .

i

[()c\lmay

C

lI

)cfour< lI0

I

gclioto.

~

ross

erecteb 011

steps

+

Scom all olb coin

~ raiseb ~ r o s s occupieb a

large place in

early ~ ~ r i s t i

a n r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f t ~ e ~ r o s s :

e l l a r t ~ u p o n w ~ i d j t ~ e ~ r o s s

WM

mcteb is

~ representeb

byabot e5ometimes t ~ e r e

were

8 ; bots representing grains of

sanb

andjor

~ r 0 8 s

WM

litte

IMt ene a bisguiseb

~ r o 8 8 . J n

itwe see

t ~ e ~ a u ~ r s

conceal

eb b e n e a t ~

common

symbol

of ~ n d j o r .

~ ~ ~ r i s t i a n ansateb

~ r o s s

beril1eb from t ~ e l l g y p t i a n s i g n .

~ o p t i c ~ r o s s w i t ~ t ~ e f o u r n a i t s .

20


16/57

o

+

23

'( )emootwibeopreabanb

beet

hnomn

< : ~ r i 8 m o n

:.Jtwao

pro

bably

originally

belle\opebfrom

anancient oriental

ecpresenta

tion of tioing sun,in w ~ i d j ,

inaway w ~ i d j seems oM

teue,

ball of

sun

te

o ~ o l D n Oller

a

< :rooo repreoenting ito rayo:

became: :.In

hoc

oigno , i e.

:.In t ~ i 8

oign.

:.Jt

a18 brnoteo

: 3eouo fjomi

num e>a llator , i.

e.:

3eoU8

~ e b e e m e r o f m a n h i n b . ~ I l e r y

common interpretation in

QJer

many tobay 8: 3rouofjeilunb

e>eligmadjer .(3eouo,6alliour

anb ~ e b e e m e r .

J

II lllouogram of 3eouo.:.In

I

of l

he firot tI,ree QJmh

I II oflhe lliorbJeouo IHe.

. ,1the

l lmoe

regarbeb no

.,

ll

n Irller , aub tI e meaning

.Iltlhnlrb

10 th

e

monogram

he

for

egoing i g n w i t ~ a o e c o n b

circ le.

outer

may be inter

I'rrte

b

ce

the

8inite, inner

., ,, .1

oign of cl'ternily

.

bouble

< :rooo

in a

circle.

e ee

abolle

.

Ilery

ancient

pagan

e>un

w ~ e e \ , interpreteb by

t I ) e < : ( ) r i ~

ticnscsn

< :I)riomon

. ' ~ 3 e o l 1 o .

X -

< :

l)

rio

l.

'( )e bouble

< :rooo

18

a18

a Ilery

e a t l y ~ r i 8 t i a n oymbol.:.Jt con

o i 8 1 8 o f t ~ e QJmh

< rooo

QI bt lonogr m

o ct riut

or

ct riumon

< : ~ t i o m o n

compooeb of

an I

anb a QJreeh X .

( )e QJnootic e>un monogram.

( )e croea-strohee a t t ~ e

enoe

of

rayo

t e p r e o e n t t ~ e

Ilau l

of

fjealleuo.


17/57

S

25

{:wo oigno

wibdy uoeb in

l t ~ r i o l i a n l t ~ u r d from

urry

rarly times, n a m d y ~ l p ~ a n

Omega,

aftertl)r pa60agr in tl)e

~ p o c a l y p o e : J am tl)r

~ l p l a

n

tl)r

.omega .

lettere

often appearwitl) tl)eltr060 pee-

mbing from

them.

n

tl)r

ne)(t

example

tl)e

form of

Il e

.omega

l)ae altmb:

Intereectton offour

X o.JI

ee-

p r r o r n l o a c o m e a l e b l t ~ r i o m o n .

~

form of l t ~ r i o m o n

frrqurntly

rncountmb,in w ~ i d t ~ r P

te

o i m p l i ~ r b

into a ~ o o l t . 1m me

~ a u r a l t r o o o i n

plcce

o f t ~ r

X .

oign w i t ~ w ~ i d uie ~ a u r

cl-

rraby

met a o l ~ r o d o g r a m w ~ i d

te I)rrr to be conoibmb ce

< lmlt

initial

Iettere of name

l t ~ r i o l : X n

po.

Jt ieclee

callrb

elignum

uri, n

8

p06oibly,

ce

a

l t ~ r l e l i a n

oym-

bol, olbrr then t ~ r l t r o o o itodf.

apprarrb

in a brram to

~ p r r r ltonotanlinr accem-

panirb by a noke

oaying: n

t ~ 1 8 oign o ~ a l t

t ~ o u

cenquee.

jr

accorbingly oign

rmbla30nrb on warbcnner.

{ : ~ i o

bannee

le callrb ta

barum.

oign te

comp06rb

of two

~ c c o t b i n g to

lrgrnb

l t ~ r l 8 .

mon:

taloymbol for tllr


18/57

ille tI,e next

sign, is a

fur

-

27

x

+

)ere tches place of .

mce not unueual

in

m

ibble

~ g e s .

line

abobe

monogram

represents )oly < l ~ O l l t in

t ~ i l l e

>:ample

cleo.

F

S

+

110

.1I

Il .11ll }

be

neo

tl)

I

hill nebemp-

I I Ih

beauti

fu

l

~ r i m o n reminie

-

nt

of ~ g y p t i a n ansateb

,

o f t ~ e o e

me

-

te bery

great,

nb

11I1 CI1 tive

ne

sG eheum by

.,,

in

~ e i r

be

-

I,ll

it

bouneleee,

Alb

On t ~ I s e;>:amp

le

tl)e

Latin II

ill bbeb

w ~ i d

maYlve li 0

11

1

for

HO

~

{rOllS w i t ~

nb

~ m e g a ~ ~ w Iille

all

th

o t ~ e r

monogranw

illustrate

~ e r e b e ~ n i t e l y connedeb uiit

{ ~ r w t

)m < lreeh'P

w replac

e

by atin .

~ combi

nati

on

of

t ~ e { ~ r i s m o n

w I anb C }esus e>oter,

}esus { ~ r i s

e>abiour

.

two

letters are

useb

incon-

nrction w i t ~ t ~ e { r o s s in

many

biffmnt

ways,

of

w ~ i d

cbone sign

Is a goob

e;>:ample.

Ot

isalso

frequently met w i t ~ i n

conjunction

w i t ~ t ~ e { ~ r i 8 m o n


19/57

6

oU

O

1O

m

.U

.mO

I1m

pU

.

Q

:UWO

O

-

U

q

IX

S

jOU

a

u

U

j

u

Q

1

aU

Q

U


20/57

Uje n e ~ l 8 1 g n loaolmp(eoym-

bol

of


21/57

~

d)arming e)qllanallon

of

t ~ i 8

([rooo, semettmee calleb

and)or

([rOM,

te M followo:

riot ,oymbo

I eb by t rool ,

bom

of

mary, oymboli3eb

by

creecent

moon

.

{lJe oeuen.brand)ebcanbleollc t,

oymbol of l ~ e o t a

ment.

~ ~ i 8

ie early

oign

for

~ r i n i


22/57

5. QI br jtftonogr m

monogram isa sign c o m p o s e ~ of

written

d aracters

i n t e d a c e ~

one cnother.

iatin

uncials,

from

w ~ l d

our

present

lu

ritingis ~ e r i u e ~

are

signs of utmost ~ i g n i t y

simplicity

.

ltlear

e, generally spealting

so

a \ \ n s t o m e ~ to connect i ~ e a of

w i t ~

s i g ~ t

of t ~ e s e forms

t ~ a t

itis

only w i t ~

biffirulty

Ih.lt

we

can

~ i s s o c i a t e

letters

from

t ~ i s

t ~ i n l t

of

t ~ e m

as

l l

bols.

~ n o t ~ e r sign, also

representing U l o d ~ w ~ i d possibly belongs

to

same category. Ot is

b a s e ~

upon

square,

a ~ m i t s

of

man

y in

terpretations.

34

hi

ou

me tr

uc

o]

~ l r a b k numerals, w ~ i d owe t ~ e i r

,llIln III quite

anotl er

part of tI e U l o r l ~ but w i t ~

w ~ o s e

d aracler

.

nll1 ll

1Ueare

I oweuer,

net

Ie

ee

familiar.

35


23/57

37

(()io

monogram

l o

tl)e influence

of

i ~ r i o t i a n

religion .

~ n o t ~ c r monogram

s ~ o w i n g a

religious i n n U t n c e l l ~ i s iecry

similar to a

i ~ r i s m o n illu-

olrattb

f u r t ~ c r

bach.

Illll'lll'twa

fo

rmcb

lvitl

)

tI

)C

hl ililll1

i :1ll1 i

roo

o.

,1n many :l3y.antint mono-

nro

we ~ n b t ~ t geniti e form

I

lV

.

boeument8 of l ~ a t

I',

'riobcondubeb numee in

\

\l

en

itie

cas

e,

anb

l ~ t m o n o

',,

111

then conetitutee

enb

~ l l h c

oec

ument.

:l3Y3antine

monOgram8lvlJNI

meanin

g Ie u

nlmenm

,

< lmh monogram

.

:l3lJ3antlne monogram of

name ~ r e o b i n b u 8

36

m,e monogram plaY8 an important part in

Ulotlb

of 8ign8.

m,e < lmlt8 were original innentore of monogram, w ~ i d )

rtad)tb ~ e i g ~ t of t glory in :l3Y3antine petiob.vt

18

seme-

tim s Mfficult to interpret monogralll8,

t ~ t i r letler8 at t often

ery

mu< J

M8gui8tb,or turmbbach to front,oronlypartially brawn,

80 t ~ a t It frtqutntly requires gttat 8hill to b18co er ncmes

concealtb in t ~ t m .


24/57

monogram of a man w i t ~

[ ~ r i s t i a n name

Paul.

monogram

of

name

3 0 ~ a n n e o

38

~ r h a b i u o

lliholauo

l\ioao in.Deo.< lobbe w i t ~ you.

e;q>reooion of goob -will

llnbinearly [ ~ r i s t i a n l e t t e r o .

l l

l\llete.

l l

oob

e a l t ~ .

1111

of feetinl\ often fOllnb at

III

11

ll

duoion of o

papal

ru

ueuto.

monogram of :l3is1)op

~ r e t ~ r a o

of [aeoarea.

o

monogram

of ~ ~ e o b 0 6 i l l o II.

13Y3antine periob.

39


25/57

*

i wo

0lgn6

of Q;reat

of w ~ l d fir6t no

con-

nection

w i t ~ name.

Ii onlll part brawn by

mperor

,

im

odf \\

ao

10

-

1I111

n fil

e

l 1 1 i b for

luao

1I11rt llle ecribe th

en

bbeb

Iii lllolnber.

1Jipin

e ~ o r t

etr066 WM brawn by a

oc

ri

be, nb bot

aMeb by

fi e mng

manuel II.

~

name 6ign of ~ p r o

3U6tinian.

1Jalaeologu6

mon

ogr

am

f m p ~ i 1 a 6 , U I 6 ~ o p

of Q ; o t ~ 6 .

40


26/57

~ t o n t m a n o n 9

nt nn

3Y3im tine monogramsare most,

b e a u ~ i f u l e)(ampl,es we ~ a u e

of

besigns composeb of Ie

ttere,

anb

m t ~ e l r

eeneteuettcn t ~ e y

all

bear

eUibence of

great shill anb

serious t ~ o u g ~ t , ~ ~ i s d)apter

enbs

w i t ~

a

beautiful 3Y3antine imperial monogram, interpretation

of w ~ i d ) is, ~ o w e u e r , unhn emn .

42

signs

b y w ~ i d ) jour.

neyman

ston m sons

in

~

e s b i s t i n g u i s ~ e b t ~ e i r

worh

.

~ ~ e y

are

to be

founbcaruebonmany4Jerman

anb o t ~ e r mebiaeual

builbings.

o :l

emasonic lobges were pow-

erful

guilbs of

stonemasons,

the d)i

efone

being

masonic

lobge

of

6trassburg, w ~ i d )

ouer all

t ~ e o t ~ e r o -

I

CO

of

a

ll

4Jerman

.speahing

i

members

of

t ~ e s e

Il

ll il

bswere

strongly

bounb

to

-

I,etllerin i r w o r h . 4 ) r i g i n a l l y

lhe

oe s

on

ic

lobges were en-

lIrciU controllebby

< t ~ u r d

1,,,1 th

eusoon

t ~ e m s e l u e s

Ir,r from influ

en

ce

of reli

ilion. SO

a long time,

~ o w e u e r .

st

ill

rema ineb powe rful

odetleo

ojmen remarhablefor

I

h

l

l

pri

ndp

leo

allb

a b ~ e r e l l e

I

Ih hurd . .on

tI)e

cornplc

-

11,

111 o]

1 10

app

rent ic co(

)ip tI)e

1 IlIl1rllm lIl rec

clueb

a oign.

conferreb upon by mce -

ter. sign

was

tahen from

a s o - c a l l e b m o t ~ r

f i g u r e , w ~

biffereb

in

ead)

masonic

lobge.

~ s

bilferent m o t ~ e r f i g u r e s

were

baseb

upon triangulation

anb

squaring, trefoil anb

quatrefoil

.grom t ~ e s e s ns

we can tell

e)(actly

w ~ e n c e

wanbering

journeymen

came

worheb on any

particular

builbing,

i)isgraceful

conbuct

m i g ~ t l e a b

to

a

mason

being

bepriueb

of

sign, anb e)(clubeb from

lobge.

~

first

buty of a

jour

.

neyman came unber

a

new

master, in

course of

trauels, was

to construct

sign

of own

m o t ~ e r

lobge

,

be

f

ore assembleb

col-

leagues

in lobge room, anb

then to

e)(plain it

symbolically.

master m sons

were alloweb

to enclose t ~ e i r own s gns

in a s ~ i e l b

43


27/57

fa

t

he cornmoneet mceontc

lligne are thoee on

l o t ~ k

45

i eigne, temadtable fot

t ~ e l t beautiful

cleameee

n

6i

mpli

ci

ty

of

fcem

1[ moeem minb t ~ e e e eigne

ate

typical

of

uigOtOUll

age w ~ i d ptobuceb t ~ e m

I [ ~ e

aboue

are fo

ut 8lBa

ntim maecnt

c

ll

i

gne,

actually

purd

a l p ~ a b e t k a l menesecme, c Ollely

relateb to

tl,e

beeigne in

10, 1

d aptet

m follow

a

few etenemaeene lligll8 of bilfetent periobll:


28/57

T

builbingS t ~ n t

still

S u r ~ i ~ e

~ ~ e y

are often to e foun in

great

profusion an coneteercble ingenuity

two

following

pageS

S ~ o w

exampfee

of

t ~ e e :

46

47


29/57

daptrr on

l

ubro

w i t ~ 8ign composee of

r

igl

t

8Ub8iMarll

oign

o tnhen

from

Srrnd alenbar. Ot probablll repreeente

rigl

t cornere o fjral rno

w ~ o l r

forming

r ~ u m b . a r b

7.

m bt ur

~ l t m t n t g .

Sirr

.

Dry w r t ~

Sierll

d olrri

Watrr.

Damp olb

S1uib p ~ r g m a t k

Damp

w r t ~

~ i r y

oanguinr

~ a r t ~ .

Drll

olb

eioli meland oli

48

four elements plall an important partinall mllotidom

of

miMlr

~ g r o Ot te from

abol r interpretctiene

ere tnhen .

49


30/57

m e

four dements are also symboli3eb in a

circle

ce fo

ll

ows:

ggtronomtcal ntgng

symbols

of planets are cmenaet

meet

frcqucntly

em

ployeb.

m cy

play

an

important

part in

~ s t r o l o g y

to

w ~ i d j

inbccb t ~ e y ome t ~ c l r origin

~ ~ e y arc

for

meet

part

compcs-

cb of

C :r088c8,

8ymbo18

of elements

n

8ymbo18 of

Sun

n

moon

w ~ i d j

benote

actibenCS8 n

pa88

ibCnC88

rc

ep

cctibdy.

Sire

Water

~ a r t ~

symbol of

eun.

symbol of moon

l l h ~

the

signs on

prebious

page ~ n l y two ~ r s t are

dt ll lIom tlu

fir

e bla3ing into ~ e i g ~ t l onb

water

sinhing into

lht tllrl

l , tl

Je inte

rp

r

et

ation

of t ~ e s e circlesigl18 seems

more natural

to

th

e mooem minb.

51


31/57

nature

ofJupiter

i [unar,

anb it bominate8 tl)e elements.

~ I i

8ymbol a 8 tanb

for

tin.

mar8

~ 1 f 8 8lgn originateb in

tl)e3 -

biac

8ign

for ~ d e wl)id)

Ie

1)0wn pointing

in

tl)e oppo81te

birectlon, towarb tl)e e>un.

~ l i 8

was later

a tereb to an

now

apparently pointing

away

from

tl)e

e>un.

~ 1 8 tl)e

8ign

for

iron.

52

mercury.

nctuee of

tl)i8

pland

e

bOll

80lar anb

lunar anb it

bominate8 tl)e elements.

8lgn te I)ermapl)robitic.

Ot e

a 8 u8eb to

repeeeent quidt-

8l1uer

e>atuen.

un r

nature,

bominateb

by

tl)e elements. e b

te

repre-

8enteb by tl)e eame

8ign

OenUtl

Ie selce

bominating

tl e

ele-

tl)e 8ignfor copper.


32/57

3u

ll

o

6igll

for Ue oto ecpree

en

te

all alter

luitl a

UpOIl

it.neptullC

ie

reprc8ellteb

by

0

trieen

t.

8

igll

6

of ti,e 3

o

bi

ac

are

i b e l l t i ~ e b w i t ~ tI

e

conetella-

tione

n

tc

06

o

p

lanet

8igll6, from very remote times.

are

cemmen

to all

no

tiene.

~ q u a r i u 6

woter

-beam.

3anuor

y.

~ a u r U 8

bull. ~ p r i

)cmilli, tmine.

may.

l eo lion. 3u y.

Oirgo, virgin. ~ U g U 6 t

55

parallel etrohea, sign or


33/57

morning tl e ri8ing


34/57

lfueningi

ll e

setting

E5un.

Dolion ig l iig IanbDath

ucee

I penneoo

onb


35/57

9.

trologtcal~ t g n G .

l:l )eee are

ueeb

for caeting

clearly befineb ~ o r o e c o p e e

in

w ~ i d

plcnetc

n eigne of

t ~ e ~ o b i a c

finb

t ~ e m e e l u e e

inbirect

relation

.

caeting of

~ o r o e c o p e

bepenbe, amonget many o t ~ e r

con

eiberatione

upon

way

in

w ~ i d

t ~ e y

etanb in

relation

ead)

plcnete etanb

to

one a n o t ~ e r :

l )uabrate, or90 begme

l )uincunlC,

or

150

begme

I n o njunction t ~ a t te at a

bie

tan eof 0

begme.

e5emi eel tl e or 20 begme

60

E 5emi-quabrate,

or45 begme

~ r i g o n or 120 begmo

.nne n a ~ a l f qucerctee, or

135

begme

ol)ppoeition, or180 begme

~ o n e t e l l a t i o n incetote ofretro.

grabation

61


36/57

~ n n u l

13iennial

10. 16otantta( ~ t g n g

moonin

bescenbing no

e

moon in

ascenbing

nobe

Jt is

impracticable,

in

present

connexien,

to go any beeper into

nb

casting

of ~ o r 0 8 c o p e s iDur only concern s

w i t ~

tile signs t ~ e m s e l l l e s w ~ i d J M in o t ~ e r

cases

we ~ a l l e mentioneb,

contributebsomaterially to preserllation of mystery of l ~ i s

occu

lts

ci

ence

~ ~ e y bib ~ o w e l l e r

possess a

practical abllantage

in

prolli i

nga s ~ o r t e n e b m d ~ o ofe)(pressing certain ibeas.fjow

llery

imp

ortant

sudJ

s ~ o r t e n i n g

WM

can

e

seen

in

mathemcttce, Sor

the most orbinary calculation we employ

signs

w ~ i d J we not

illust

rate

simply

beccuee t ~ e y

are alreaby hnemn to elleryone

but

l V ~ i d J

must e mentioneb in same dJapter as abolle

io us, w i t ~ w ~ i d J

t ~ e y

are

closely connecteb.

62

erennial plant

~ n o t ~ e r

symbol f

or

b

ie

nnial

6


37/57

mercury

metcle

}le aleb

l ~ e 8 e 8 i g M a r e

t ~ 8 e

of

senen melalloib8:

u

Cbnntcal ~ t g n u

u p ~ u r

combuetible elements

following

oign8

arc

tchen

from

olb

djemical euetem

p ~ i l 8 p ~ i c a I 8 i g t 1 8 for:

1l0i8onot18

male b

loom

Semale bloom

6

Dloedouo

bloom

tlery peieoneue e ly

ll

melalloib8

tlitriol

65

~ m o n g s t great uatitly of


38/57

ealtpetre

~ l u m

e a t

t

~ o

u l p ~ u r

~ n t i m o n y

signs wm u s e ~ in early

d e m i J l t r y , t ~ m a r e m a n y w ~ l d

are

remarhably beautiful

~ U e n if meaning of many

of signa lsalmost forgotten

n e u e r t ~ t 1 e s s t ~ m

ie

a ~ e p t ~ of

feeling

in

t ~ t i r

~ e s i g n in

them

wuee

w i t ~

w ~ a t

a

w e a t ~

of

emotional

i ~ e s our ances

-

tors

connectee

t ~ e s e t ~ i n g s

~ l u m

~ n o t ~ e r

sign

for

~ l u m

~ m l g m

~ n t i m o n y

7


39/57


40/57

7

topiapite

Essential

oil

Oinegar

llass

eubacetate

of copper

eubacetate

of copper

crystals

llrine

ffietallime

~ n o l ~ e r sign for ffielallime

lime

toppersaffron

71


41/57

7

r

on uitriol

~ l h l i

ly

minium

i rpiment

precip itate

~ q u f o r t i s

l rimotone

elteel

elublimate

l ~ i t e creenic

7


42/57

tartar

eiublimalion

1 re ipitation

tl ater

Uiltiol

t l o o ~

~ n n e l i n g

7


43/57

77

{ )e following are a few.nmvle

forme

of

vriuate .ngne ;

aboue ie

a

oeeign

on a

eti

ch

uoeo for

or wing lots

veaeant cemmunitiee

of

earHernmee orew

lote amonget

o e d o e w ~ o e ~ o u l o

be

tI)eir

repreeentctiee

to loon

after inrereere of t ~ e i r ~ o l o .

inge;

t ~ e y

oio

by mecne

of

lo

tt

ery

etkM of Oifferent

w ~ i d

were

ccer

into

a

ano

orawn. { ~ e e e etiche

were maoe of

wooo

ano bore

~ o u o e m a r on t ~ e m l

t ~ e y

wereoften

new

ly maoe for ead)

eccceien

b

ei

ngcut

from

willow

twi

ge

of

some

l e n g t ~ ,

fr

om w ~ i d t e bllch waG ecce

eo in Gld

a

way

ce to o ~ o w

tl e

wl)lte IUOOObelleat it.

eimvleet form

of

~ o u e e

morh le one omvoeeo

of

notd)ee, ano

In moot

of t ~ e e e

e t r a i g ~ t Hmo vr oominate.


44/57

\fIlm to t ~ i e

bay

cr ft men

morh

t ~ c i r

own

toole

in

t ~ i l l

manner.

bobgee

of

ranlt on

lInlformo

come into eame

mleoory . ~ re

numereue

formo

1 i

d

are conotontly

re-

mrrino

ce

tI

e baoie of house

onb 1 0IMnoo-morho/ t ~ e o e

been olum a op

ed

ol nomen-

78

conoiberab

ly

la

ter origin

t ~ a n

t ~ e o

u e a a n b

ro e

fromcl08e

Q6ood

ationeofibeaa.

Vt

ill

no

t quite certain w ~ e t ~ e r

particul

ar

alon

for instance

wae meant torepreeent fry-

ingpan

or

w

cirde

w i t ~

uertimlline atta

d eb to

it

W

beacribeb

ce

frying pan

it became nece

oe

ary

to

refer

to

itin worbo.

~ o t w o forma were beecribeb

ce forhe.

~

barrellabber

~ n o t ~ e r

oteut

~

winblaeo

~ n o t ~ e r winblaoa

~ o t r a i g ~ t

ebge

79


45/57

m e

ear of oate

m e winbmill

~ n o l ~ r

winbmlll

m e d air

g008enech

m e manure

m e

labber or stretd er

m e ftying p

81


46/57

82

m,e

811l rb

arrolll

bouble

nail

or bouble

~ o o h

and or

~ n o t ~ e r and or

carpenter8

equcre


47/57

< :l eeigne are tl)ooe of four brotl)ero, nbare baoeb on tl)e

~ r o o o .

t

l

e

olgllo of

a

ma

ll,

brotl)er, nb l)is

oon

t l)e

grounb upon

wl)i

d

theeeoiono are conotrucleb 10 a muol)room.

85

of

tl)e

ecme family abopteb orig

inal marh

of

tl)eir houoe nb

mobljieb it

for

tl)elr OWII

uee

.

tion

o of t1 Io olgn:

t ~ e ~ a l f ~ o u r g I Q g o

< r ~ e

o

lgn of )ermeo

< r ~ l o olgn 10

met U 1 l t ~

quite ce

fre

quently ae is

loe a great

many

o t ~ e r

010

110

but o o not inany

lvn

ll niter meaning.


48/57

1

2

neneof ecme family o ~ o w n in followinggenealogical table:

1.

founber of family.

2 . l [ ~ e

e1but

eon

. ~ ~ e e beot

gran

boon

oe,onb

granboon.

5. lion o f t ~ e e1beotgranboon.6 7 anb

t ~ m OOM of occonb granboonin oeniority

from

left to r i g ~ t

nrllt

llign

remctne und angeb in

line of

primogeniture. younger l M aM u r ouo

etrehee

to original

oign. ~ ~ I l l oign again

mobineb

by t ~ e l r beo,enbanto, ~ e p t in eaee

of

e beot lion

always tchee over

f a t ~ e r olgn unalteub.

We will now trace lligM of oe,onb

line.

8

87

7

l[l at membe rs

of

eamefamily l l ~ o u l b

bellire

to b i l l t i n g u l l l ~

lh

e

lUorh

of

tl a

t

family

by

a particular

llign

quite

natural

oleo

tl

e lUio l

of

ead member

of

family to

b i l l t i n g u l l l ~

cum

Inbivlbua

l lvor

h.

On oeriell t ~ l l

b ea

lltill f u r t ~ e r

lIlu

otrateb

aub

l a i n e b

86

to

Inbicate

bifferenceo In moot oubtle w y w i t ~ o u t beotroying

uniformity. t ~ e n t ~ e o e little aMeb etrehee were oeparateb from

n oeconb line oimllar

precese

of mobification tahee place,

quite Inbepenbently of

any

o t ~ e r line.n o t ~ e r collatera

lineo,


49/57

89

origlnalolgn,

t ~ y w m

calleb

countermerhe,

bery d aeming

e;cample of t ~ i o is fIluotrateb oigno are olb mcrhe benoting

biffmnt begmo

of e;ccellence nb fineneoo

of

ecme

goobo,

on

acme principle t ~ a t a t t ~ e puoent b y crticlee are be6cribeb o

being of

firot,

oeconb or t ~ i r quality.

1 :0unteemarllO lsoplayeb

n

important part in olb

trabe.marllO,

nb are

of

bariouo

Itinbo,

creeeee,

boto,

ringo, nb 00

on.

~ ~ e y

belong,

for

moot

part,

to later periob

two OO

of

oeconb

granboon

of

oeconb line.

granboono In oeconb line.

oeconb

een,

from w ~ o m

oeconb

line

beocenbo.

nbin f o u r t ~ or

generation,

of

couree, accumulation

of

bbeb

marhs begino

to become confuoing; 00

t ~ t t ~ e

preeeee

cannot be

carrieb out Ober

many

generationo.

:r l

e

I eab of

t

he

fmnily

ie

d ilbleoo.

I n

Il e

i

ce of

t ~ e o e

oigno, ctu l

original

baee oign

been oltmb bll aMitiono. principle ofmobificationby aMilion

Ie

1

avplfeb in oll er

connexione. l3y

t ~ i o mecne

1

poooible

88


50/57

8rom

ti e8e

marhe,

in later timee, were beriueb ti e ~ r 8 t

printer8

beuke8 meet ofwi fd contafmb ti eir

names

in

one

form

oranoti er.

3

~ t u

ro u rtouu uour ru


51/57

place81i e preufoU8 8ign; ilcon.

Ue J8 i e eame ibea ofmenemenI

in Ii e form of rolling wi eel.

{i i8 tclisman

i a8

il8 origin

in Ii e


52/57

>In orientaloymbol o f t ~ e

aeul

0

pilgrimage ~ r o u g ~

life: soul

climbe up

t ~ r o u g ~

four

belto

of

worl

b, or

e1emento,toiio

p

urif

ka

tf

on,

anb

mina

t ~ r o u g ~

fro mbarllneoo into I i g ~ t .

94

oign

be

co

meo water

td

angle of hinbneoo, gentleneoo,

anb

nobility, w ~ i l o t lower

triangleof ~ r e

of

~ e f l J rage of

l

ob.

~ ~ e o i g O

t ~ t f o l l o w c o m e b o w n

to from

early < lennank

peoples, anb n o t ~ i n g

f u r t ~ f f to

hnown

of

t ~ e m :

6un- r060

or

rooo of

otan

~ bragon'o eye

oign o f t ~ e t e ~ m i c

ourto,

or

e i g ~ t

- a n g l e b ~ g u r e . .

o i m p l i ~ e b pictures, anb ce

oud)

not require

any

f u r t ~ e r ex

planation.

~ u n n i n water

olb

oign

for

lily,

ceit

io frequently

founb

on

armorial

beadngo/itoupperpartioform

eb from

f1eur-be-lyo.

95

t

waa

not

unt

il later bfa

tinctione

beg

an to

be br

awn be-

n ita

6lmpleat form atar

mang

a ~ a p e a


53/57

lUg of

Ieuea

upper

Ila

lf

of

neur be Iga.

~ ~ i a

fig ure

te

cleo founb on armorial

bearinga

he anb

2 3 f a ~ o p a

Olmbol r0Ier

[he

allmbol of

rOllaltg

croton

96

tweenbitfmnt hinbaofrowna

I n

olb alenbara

~ cromne

repreaenteb

~ m agi

~ ~

anowa

bounb t o g e t ~ e r

aign of

u

nitg

bmrn lion of dtg

~ C a m p l e 6 alreabg been

giuen

of

beatrndion

being

in-

bkateb bg

inuetting ~ g u r e .

a i m p l i ~ e b outline

of

jug.

t ~ r e e p o l n t e b etce te ael-

bom emountereb anb inbeeb

eeeme to to

be

atar

tall

four.pointeb atar te

\rod-

form anb p ~ e n o m e n o n

augfng graue anb eolemn

warning.

fjue polnteb

etce abounba

97

4 l\untn

n

bifferent

Interpretatiol18.

m,e

impressionit leabes ill

d)eer

fOllr

-polnteb

star

tl oUgl

ill

rid)er

anb

fuller In form. ~ I i l l


54/57

ful anb

I)appll one.

,anbinabian barb ~ g i l l Ie

bibinrbnunrs

brnratl) tI e

,oud)

of

sl,1t

bamsrl

M being t )r

origin of )rrillness,I e

bug

t )em

up

anb

carbrb

b r n i ~ , r n t

nunrs

In

tl)eir pla,e

latr

ce tl)e

fourtrrntl)

cen-

t u r l l ~ p i s c o p a l

orbinamrswere

99

Mooemfnateb against

1lune

magic


55/57

So

r purpooeo of o o o t ~ o a y l n g ,

1luneowere only uoeb

inMuct-

fy: itw o

bellebeb

be b

eoulb be awalteneb by mecne

of 1lune magic,

nb

u

foretell future.

Seu : [attle

aloon

1

~ ~ u r o

:

< liant

~ l l 8 u r :

< lob

l b

[ a r t w ~ e e l

~ e n ~ o r d

< leofu : < lift

Wynn: [omfort

jagall : jail

nieb : neeeooity, t ~ r a l b o m

v vee

101


56/57

2

3ara:

J 1 6 :

cflh

. ell/gil : elun

: }onour gob

.l3larhan

:

.l3ird

: }oroe

m n manhlnb

man

. agu :

Waler

elea

Jng :

o

Jng

.cag :

.cal/

3


57/57

lOgol : l)oeeeasion

2\unee

were

frequently ueeb tumeb bock to front,

onb

onglee were o\\oeionolly

rounbeb

into

curoee.

Documents

Book of Signs- Rudolph Koch