Book FCE Lessons

8/13/2019 Book FCE Lessons

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First Cambrigde Certificate

Robert Warnke

August 7, 2003


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2

LATEX


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Contents

1 First impressions 71.1 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.1.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1.2 Clothes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1.3 Describing personally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.2 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2.1 Present simple (I do). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2.2 Present continuous (I am doing) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2.3 Order of adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2.4 In case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2.5 Auxiliary Verbs Modal Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Work for a living 112.1 Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.1.1 Informal Letter vs Formal Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.1.2 Words and Phrases for formal Letters . . . . . . . . . 122.1.3 Informal letter Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.1.4 Formal Letter Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.2.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.2.2 Words for Jobs and other Things . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2.3 Prepositions in/at/on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.3 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.1 To be used to + -ing + noun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.2 To get used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.3.3 Present perfect (I have done) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.4 Present perfect vs Past simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.5 Comparison of adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.3.6 Superlatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3 Out and about 213.1 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.1.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.1.2 Prepositions to/at/in/into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.1.3 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.2 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.2.1 Causative have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.2.2 Genitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.2.3 Needs doing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.2.4 For/Since . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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4 CONTENTS

3.3 Exam Focus Use Of English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4 Crime wave 27

4.1 Report of theft for the local police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.2.1 Types of crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.2.2 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.2.3 Describing trends, diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.2.4 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.2.5 Noun + prepositionsfor/of ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.3 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.1 Past simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.2 Past continuous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.3 Past simple + Past continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.4 During/While. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.5 While/When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.3.6 Making deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324.3.7 Relative pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

5 Playing the game 33

5.1 Writing for a Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

5.2 Describing a Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5.2.1 Cheat Max (Schummel Max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5.3 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.3.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.3.2 Wordlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.3.3 Adjective + preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

5.4 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.4.1 Linking words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

5.4.2 Used to + infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

5.4.3 Past perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40


6 Travellers tales 41

6.1 Why is a round the world trip good for me? . . . . . . . . . . 41

6.2 Giving directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

6.3 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.3.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.3.2 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.3.3 Prepositionby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

6.4 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.4.1 Time and money expressions as adjectives . . . . . . . 46

6.4.2 Compound adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.4.3 Future time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.4.4 So/Such . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.4.5 during/while . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.5 Exam Focus Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.5.1 Im sorry ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.5.2 Personally speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.5.3 Giving reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47


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CONTENTS 5

6.5.4 Speaking about yourself two minutes . . . . . . . . 48

6.5.5 Speaking about photos with your partner . . . . . . . 48

6.5.6 Speaking about problems and try to find solutions . . 48

7 Food for thought 49

7.1 A letter to a friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497.2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

7.2.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

7.2.2 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

7.2.3 Adjective + preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

7.3 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

7.3.1 -ing form/infinitive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

7.3.2 Too/Enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.3.3 Conditional 0/1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.3.4 Prefer/Rather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.3.5 Unless/IF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7.3.6 Future time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

7.3.7 Looks/Seem/Appears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

7.3.8 Relative Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

8 High-tech horizons 57

8.1 Changes in my Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

8.2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

8.2.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

8.2.2 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

8.2.3 Verb + preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8.3 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8.3.1 The Passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8.3.2 Will/Going to (Predictions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.3.3 Conditional 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.3.4 So/Nor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.4 Exam Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

8.4.1 Exam Focus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

9 Working out 63

9.1 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

9.1.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

9.1.2 Do young people today really know what they wantfrom life? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

9.1.3 Word list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

9.2 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

9.2.1 Present perfect continuous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

9.2.2 Regrets (I wish/if only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

9.2.3 Conditional 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

9.2.4 Verb + prepositionabout/of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67



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6 CONTENTS

10 Its a bargain 6910.1 Letter of complain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

10.1.1 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7110.2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

10.2.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

10.3 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7210.3.1 Modal verbs Obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7210.3.2 Make, let, allow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7210.3.3 Wishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

11 Our world 7511.1 Report on a visit to one local restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . 7511.2 My oldest friends and why they are important to me . . . . . 7511.3 Developing an argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7611.4 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

11.4.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

11.4.2 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7811.5 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7811.5.1 Reported Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7811.5.2 Time Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7911.5.3 Reported questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8011.5.4 Impersonal passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8011.5.5 Reporting verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8011.5.6 Its (high) time+ subjunctive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

11.6 Exam Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8111.6.1 Strategy for filling-gab exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

12 Finishing touches 8312.1 A transactional letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8312.2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

12.2.1 Multi-word verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8412.2.2 Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

12.3 Languages Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8712.3.1 Question tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8712.3.2 Future in the past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8712.3.3 Uses ofdo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8712.3.4 must have to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87


13 Other 8913.1 Pronunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

13.1.1 The English Mother Tongue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8913.2 Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90


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Chapter 1

First impressions

Every cloud have silver lights!

1.1 Vocabulary

1.1.1 Multi-word verbs

look through durchblickengrow up aufwachsen, heranwachsenget up aufstehen, emporkommenmake up zurechtmachen, zusammenstellenmake up for wiedergutmachen

put on anlegen, uberziehenget on with mit jemand auskommenhave on anhabencome forward vortretenwear out abnutzen, verschleissentake off abnehmen, ausziehen, absetzenhand in einreichenhand over ubergeben, weiterreichenshow off angeben, prahlen, auf dem Putz hauenhold up uberfallen, andauernpull out herausziehen, herausreissen

set up vorbereiten, rusten, anlegenlook for suchenthrow away verscherzen wegwerfen

Lars toke offhis pullover because it was too hot.You shouldhand in your homework at the end of the lesson.Aileenset up her henna business one year ago.Ithrew awaymy old school uniform because it was completely worn out.The police are looking fora woman who held up a post office in Liver-pool today. The woman suddenly pulled out a gun and forced the cashierto hands over Pound 10,000. The police are asking anyone who saw thewoman to come forward.

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8 CHAPTER 1. FIRST IMPRESSIONS

1.1.2 Clothes

long-sleeved langarmeligsilk Seideplain einfarbig, einfachwoollen aus Wolletight-fitting genau eingepasstchecked kariertshort-sleeved kurzarmelighigh-heeled hochhackiglight hell, blond, leichtloose-fitting locker sitzend

1.1.3 Describing personally

well-dressed gut angezogencasually-dressed sportlich/bequem angezogenslim schlanksensible vernunftig, sinnvollamusing amusierendboring langweiligselfish egoistisch, selbstsuchtigsilly albernentertaining unterhaltendnasty garstig, hasslich, fiesdull dumm, matt, schwerfallig, trist

stupid dummtrustworthy vertrauenswurdigcharming anmutig, bezaubernd, reizendfoolish albern, narrisch, dummbossy rechthaberisch, herrisch, diktatorischresponsible verantwortungsvoll, mundigsensitive empfindlich, empfindsamcareful reiflich, sorgfaltigreliable verlasslich, zuverlasslichobservant abwartend, beobachtendlively lebhaft, lebendig

fussy heikelMy, youre fussy! Du gibst aber an!Dont be so fussy! Meckern Sie nicht!honest ehrlichindependent eigenstandig, eigenverantwortlichlucky frohthoughtful fursorglich, gedankelvollindecisive unbestimmt, unentschlossenimaginative erfinderisch, phantasievollreligious glaubig, religiosadventurous abenteuerlich

idealistic idealistisch


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10 CHAPTER 1. FIRST IMPRESSIONS

Auxiliary Verbs

have (has, had) haben (Present/Past perfect)do (did, does) tun, machen (in Fragen, Negationen)to be (was, were, been, beeing, is) sein (... continuous)

Modal Verbscan konnencould kann, konntemay kann; mag; darf might kann, konnte, magwill werden (future)would wollte; wurdemust mussenwould wollte; wurdeshall beabsichtigt; sollen

should sollte; solltenought sollte


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Chapter 2

Work for a living

2.1 Letter

2.1.1 Informal Letter vs Formal Letter

Informal Formal

Greetings Dear first-name,... Dear Mr surname,...... Best Wishes / Love / Yours ... Yours sincerely

Dear Sir or Madam ...... Yours faithfully

Sentences short longer

Style Anglo-Saxon Latin originget, because, get obtain, due to, receive

After the greeting you have to start with a capital letter!

A mnemonic aid (Eselsbrucke):

Dear Mr Surname,...Yours sincerely to a single Person.

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12 CHAPTER 2. WORK FOR A LIVING

2.1.2 Words and Phrases for formal Letters

Dear Mr ..., Sehr geehrter Herr ...,Dear Ms ..., (married,/single) Sehr geehrte Frau ...,Dear Mrs ..., (married) Sehr geehrte Frau ..., (alte Redensart)Dear Miss ..., (single) Sehr geehrtes Faulein ..., (alte Redensart)obtain erhalten (formell)due to infolge; aufgrund (formell)receive empfangen; erhalten; in Empfang nehmenWe refer to ... Wir beziehen uns auf ...We have taken the liberty of sendingyou ...

Wir erlauben uns, Ihnen ... zu schicken.

Please find enclosed ... In der Anlage finden Sie ...However, we are of the opinion that ... Trotzdem sind wir der Meinung, dass ...Although we ... Obwohl wir ...Please let us know whether ... Bitte teilen Sie uns mit, ob ...Careful attention should be paid to ... ... sollte(n) besondere Aufmerksamkeit

geschenkt werden.We would greatly appreciate it if you...

Wir waren Ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn Sie ...

It is essential that ... Es ist unabdingbar, dassWe reserve the right to ... Wir behalten uns das Recht vor, zu ...Prices are sub ject to change. Preisanderungen sind vorbehalten.Many thanks in advance for your trou-ble.

Vielen Dank im Voraus fur Ihre Muhe.

I thank you for your trouble and remain...

Ich danke Ihnen fur Ihre Muhe und verbleibe ...

AE: Sincerely yours, Mit freundlichen Gruenin his absence in seiner Abwesenheitthe enclosed form das beigelegte Formularthe above-mentioned invoice number die oben genannte Rechnungsnummerthe former der/die/das ersterethe latter der/die/das letztereenclosure AnlageATTN (attention) z.Hd. (zu Handen)inquiry Anfrageto inquire about something sich uber etwas erkundigenin your records in Ihren Unterlagento make up for something etwas wieder gutmachento insist on something auf etwas bestehento despatch versendento consider a proposal einen Vorschlag in Erwagung ziehento be concerned about something wegen etwas Bedenken habento be certain sicher seinWe can assure you that ... Wir konnen Ihnen zusichern, dass ...strictly confidential streng vertraulichresponse Antwortletter of complain Beschwerdebrief postage Portofreigth Frachtdelivery order Lieferschein


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2.1. LETTER 13

2.1.3 Informal letter Example

Wiesenacker 25AD-99533 Weitewelt

Mr. Thomas Elliot37 Castle StreeManchester

October 7 2001

Dear Thomas,

Thanks for the invitation to your party on Saturday, the 29th November. Id love to come but unfortunately I cant. I m so sorry, but at that weekendmy grandmother is celebrating her birthday. It is her 80th birthday. Thiswill be a big family party and I cant refuse. Its a great pity. I havent seenyou for ages and Im interested in finding out what was happened since ourlast meeting.

I can tell you some news about me. I changed my job and I moved toWeitewelt in Bavaria. I work as a programmer now. Important news: Ihave a new girlfriend. I get on with her very well and we plan to marry.

You can see there is a lot of news. It would be nice if we can meet soon.So, I would like invite you for a weekend in early December. Is it possiblefor you? Please write to me what time you and your wife can come. I hopeI see you then.

Love

Otto

176 words


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2.1.4 Formal Letter Example

No name here! Wiesenacker 25A

D-99533 Weitewelt

Health Action CharityMs Janet WallaceBaker Street 8NW 1 9 SJ LondonUnited Kindom

October 7 2001

Job Application: Organiser

Dear Ms Janet Wallace,

I am very interested in the job you have offered. But first some informationabout myself. Im 33 years old and unmarried. I trained as a secretary andI have a lot of job experience in organisation. Also I worked as an assistantto high level manages for two years. My mother tongue is German and Ispeak English fluently, I also speak Spanish and Portuguese. For furtherinformation please find my enclosed C.V.

Could you give me some information about this job? How many hours perweek and on which days in the week this job will be? Do I have to travel?

If yes, how often, how long, where and when will it be? Which languages doI have to speak, and how much holiday am I entitled to? Finally the mostimportant question: What is the salary?

I hope I can support Health Action Charity with my experience, qualitiesand enthusiasm.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely

Otto Raffzahn

Enc: CV

175 words


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2.2. VOCABULARY 15

2.2 Vocabulary


try out ausprobierengo off losgehen, verderben, sauer werden (Milch)give up abgewohnen, aufgeben, resignierenlooking for suchen

write off abschreiben, abbuchenget out aussteigenget out of das Geschaft aufgebenbring up heraufbringen, vorbringenput on anlegen, umhangen,find out ausfindig machen, herausfinden, eruierenget through durchkommen, dringensort out aussondern, aussortierenwear off abnutzen, abklingen (Wirkung)

Milk goes offquickly on a warm day.Sam got throughto the finals of the competition.


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2.2. VOCABULARY 17

2.2.2 Words for Jobs and other Things

well organised gut organisiertpatient Patient, geduldigcomparison VergleichI trained as a ... Meine Qualifizierung ist ...How much holiday am I entitled to? Viel Urlaub bekomme ich?Which languages do I have to speak? Was fur Sprachen mu ich konnen?this diese; dieser; diesesthat damalig; dass; welche; welcher; welches; weil; daimpatient ungeduldiginitiative (of ones own) Eigeninitiativeskills Fahigkeiten, Geschicke, Hardskillsqualities Eigenschaften, Softskillsnegotiating skills Verhandlungsgeschickfurther skills sonstige Kenntnissemundane prosaisch; nuchtern, weltlichdo this exam dieses Examen absolvierenlevelheadedness Klarheitporter Trager, Gepacktrager, Pfortnerbinge Gelagefusion Fusion, Vereinigung, Zusammenschlussformal Formlich, formalinformal formlos zwangloslanguage level Sprachfahigkeit, -niveau

job experience Berufserfahrungrather eher; vielmehr, lieberrather...than eher...alsI would rather ... Ich mochte lieber ...regret Bedauern, bedauernability to cope with pressure (strain) Belastbarkeitabsence Abwesenheit, Fehlen, Mangelairy luftig, lassigchallenge Herausforderungunchallengeable unwiderlegbarto cope with verkraftenWe can cope with that. Wir werden damit fertig.desirable begehrenswert; wunschenswertenquire, inquire abfragen, erkundigenentire ganz; vollstandigfate Schicksal , Geschickgradually allmahlichhindrance Hinderniskeen eifrigskinny mager, dunnsociable geselligswallow Schwalbe, hinunterschlucken; schluckentalkative geschwatzig; redseligtidy aufgeraumtunconsciously unbewusstweird sonderbarwilling bereitwilliga lot of viel, vielemany viel, viele (abzahlbar, in Fragen)


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2.2.3 Prepositions in/at/on

in bed im Bettin hospital im Hospitalin prison im Gefangnisat home daheim; zu Hauseat work bei der Arbeit, auf Arbeit seinat school in der Schuleat university in der Universitatat college auf dem Collegeat sea (on a voyage) zur See; auf See

But: I love swimminginthe sea.

at an event auf einer Veranstaltungat a party auf einer Partyat a concert im Konzertat a conference in einer Konferenzat the meeting in einem Meetingat a football match bei einem Fuballspiel

in and at for buildings

in a restaurant (building) in einem Restaurantat a restaurant (event in a building) bei einer Veranstaltung in einem Restaurantat the station im Bahnhof at the airport auf dem Flugplatzat somebodys house bei jemanden zu Hauseat the doctors beim Arztat the hairdressers beim Friseur

We went to a concertatthe Royal Festival Hall.The meeting took placeat the companys headquarters.I wasatJudys house. / I wasatJudys.

We use inwhen we are thinking about the building itself.The roomsinJudys house are very small.It was very coldinthe cinema.

In andatfor towns etc.

in London in Londonin Berlin in Berlin

But you can use at or inwhen you think of the place as a point or sta-tion on a journey.Do you know if this train stopsat/inNottingham?


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2.3. LANGUAGES FOCUS 19

on a bus im Bus (mitfahren)in a car im Auto (mitfahren)on a train im Zug (fahren)on a plane im Flugzeug (mitfliegen)on a ship auf einem Schiff (mitfahren)

on a bicycle auf einem Fahrrad (fahren)on a motorcycle auf einem Motorad (fahren)on a horse auf einem Pferd (reiten)

The bus was very full. There were too many peopleon it.Dave isona train.I play basketballat the Sports Centre.I wasatmy sister house.

2.3 Languages Focus

2.3.1 To be used to + -ing + noun

This form is used to indicate how a person feels about something or about do-ing something. It express how comfortable or familiar a thing or action isto them.Pablo is used to eating later in the evening.I am used to the cold.

2.3.2 To get used to

This shows a change in the how we feel about something:

Icant get used to this weather. (Im not able to change my feelings.)I amgetting used to eating later. (My feelings about it are changing.)Ivegot used to drinkingthis beer. (My feelings have now changed.)

2.3.3 Present perfect (I have done)

This tense is formed by: Have+ the past participle of the verb.- to talk about past experiences in your life:Ive beento Egypt three times.- to talk about things which have happened in unfinished periods of time:

Ive drunk too much coffee today.Ive learnthow to use a PC.- to talk about things which have recently happened:Shes just writtena letter to him. =Shehas just writtena letter to him.

2.3.4 Present perfect vs Past simple

If you need to decide which tense to use, ask yourself the question When?Ive never beento Italy, but Iwentto Greece last summer.Ive never beento Italy, ... When? In my life (Present perfect).... but Iwent to Greece last summer. When? Last summer (Past simple).


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The Past simple is used to talk about things which happened in periods which have finished.

2.3.5 Comparison of adjectives

One-syllable adjectives two-syllable adjectives three or more syllable adjectives

calm - calmer tidy - tidier enthusiastic - moreenthusiasticold - older dirty - dirtier responsible - moreresponsiblehot - hotter helpful - morehelpfulwet - wetter handsome - morehandsome

Exceptions:good - better / (best)bad - worse / (worst)far - further / (farther): Tell me if you need anyfurther information.

One-syllable adjectives form the comparative by adding er.Single consonants at the end of the word double before adding er.Two-syllable adjectives ending in yfrom the comparative by changing y to iand adding er.Two-syllable adjectives ending in other letters and all adjectives of three ore more syllableform the comparative by adding more.

Positive comparisons are made withthan:John is older thanMary.

Comparisons of equality are made with as ... as.:John isas tallas Mary.

The same+ noun + as:Jim is thesame heightas Sue.

Negative comparisons are made with not as ... as:This baby isnot as youngas that one.

Not as ... asis possible with all adjectives.Less thanis usually found in more formal language.

2.3.6 Superlatives

The superlative is formed by adding estto one-syllable adjectives, iest to

two-syllable adjectives ending in y and most before longer adjectives:

Its the oldestbuilding in the city.It was the prettiestvillage I had ever visited.He is themostenthusiastic student in the class.

Exceptions:good - (better) / bestbad - (worse) / worstfar - (further) / farther:


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Chapter 3

Out and about

3.1 Vocabulary


take up aufheben, hochheben, Idee aufgreifen,Platz einnehmen, in Anspruch nehmen

drop out ausfallen, Signalausfallmove in/into einziehenset about in Angriff nehmen, gegenuberstellen, vergleichenfill in ausfullen (Formular)work out ausarbeiten, losen, berechnen, austuftelnsettle up begleichenget together zusammenkommensend on nachschicken

call off absagen, ruchkgangig machenmake up for wiedergutmachencome forward vortretentake off abnehmen, ausziehen, absetzen, starten, abhebenhand in einreichenhold up uberfallen, andauern

Seventy young people took upplaces on the course.So how go you set about house swapping?

3.1.2 Prepositions to/at/in/intoWe say go/come/travel toa place or event.go to Americareturnto Italydrive to the airportgo to bedgo to the bankgo to a concerttake (somebody) to hospitalcome tomy housebe sentto prisonon my way to

21


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22 CHAPTER 3. OUT AND ABOUT

on a journey toa triptowelcometo

Been to

Ive been to a place

Get and arriveget to a placearrive in/at

Homego homecome homeget homearrive home

on the way home

Intogo into (a room)get into (a room)She gotinto the car and drove away.Comein/into the house.

get on/offget ona busget offa bus

get ona trainget offa trainget ona planeget off a plane

I must goto the bank.Are you goingto Lindas party next week?What time does this train arriveinLondon?I arrivedhome feeling very tired.I wenton the bus.I gotoff the train.

I go into the taxi.


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3.1. VOCABULARY 23


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3.1.3 Word List

live leben; wohnen, lebendig, aktivelife Leben, Lebensdauerdetached abgelost, einzelnsemidetached house Zweifamilienhaus

categorised kategorisiertecottage Hauschen, Huttesuburban bungalow Vorstadt Bungalowrustic charm bauerlicher Charmbelongings Eigentum, Habseligkeitencarpentry Zimmerhandwerkdamage Beschadigungdecorating ausschmuckend, schmuckendredecorating renovierenddelicacy Schwachlichkeitdisgusting anekelnd; ekelhaft

effort Anstrengung, Muhe, Bemuhen, Bemuhungexpenses Kosten (pl)fee Gebuhrfeed Eingabe, Papierzufuhrung, zufuhrenfortnight halbmonatlich, vierzehn Tage, vierzehntagiggenuine wirklich; echtindiscreet indiskretmanners Kinderstube, Manierenmature reif mend ausbessern; flicken, instandsetzen; reparierenneighbour Nachbar

patio Innenhof persist beharrenpossession Besitzrare rar, blutig (Steak)rebuild erneuertserve bedienen; dienen; servierenshy scheu adj, scheuenstarving hungernd, verhungerndstubborn eigensinnigsuburb Vorstadtthoroughly durch und durch

vandals Vandalenwool Wollethen dann, als, folglich; damalig, derzeitigby then bis dahintill then bis dahin; bis nachherthan alsno less than ebensovielno more than ebensowenigrather...than eher...alsthere da; dort; dorthinthey sie (pl)

they say man sagt; es heitWho do they think I am? Ich lass mich doch nicht verarschen!their ihr, theirHe slipped through their fingers. Er ist ihnen durch die Lappen gegangen.probability Wahrscheinlichkeit, wahrscheinlich


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3.2 Languages Focus

3.2.1 Causative have

This form exists in a variety of tenses and in each case it is the verb to have

which indicates the tense. The verb indicating the action is always the past participle.Imhaving mycar repaired. (Someone is repairing my car.)Compare with: Im repairing my car. (This means I am repairing it myself.)

Causativehaveis formed by:1) The subject =Sharon2) The verb to have =is having3) The object = her central heating4) The past participle of the main verb = serviced.Sharon is having her central heating serviced.

3.2.2 Genitive s

The genitive s is mainly used to indicate possession of things by people,and family relationships. Addsto singular nouns.Sallys dog.Sally and Peters dog.Nicks brother.

Add only to plural nouns endings in s.The girls books.

My grandparentshouse.

Plural nouns not ending insare an exception:The childrens books.

Animals, days and cities sometimes take the genitive. Most other objectsdo not:Thedogs basket.Mondayslesson.Londonstheatres.but

The leg of the table.The chair leg.

3.2.3 Needs doing

This form is used to indicate that a certain job should be done, but we donot know, or do not want to know, who is going to do the job:The windowsneed cleaning. (They are dirty.)The tape recorderneeds mending. (It is broken.)


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3.2.4 For/Since

For and sinceare used with perfect tenses to indicate length of time.Sincecan also be used with the Past simple.Since refers to a date in the pastand is used to talk about things happeningbetween then and now.For refers to the period of time that has passed between a point of time inthe past and now.Ive known Mary since March.Ive known Mary for three months. (It is now June.)

Sincecan also be used in the middle of sentences which begin with a timeperiod:Its a long time since Ive seen you. (I havent seen you for a long time).

Since+ Past simple:Its two years since I left the army. (I left the army two years ago -finished action in the past.)

3.3 Exam Focus Use Of English

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the firstsentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.

Im having my photograph taken on Monday afternoon. is:Someone ...................................... on Monday afternoon.

Someone is taking my photographon Monday afternoon.

The dentist has filled one of my back teeth. have:I ...................................... back teeth filled.I have one of myback teeth filled.

Emmas having her wedding dress made by her mother. making:Her ...................................... wedding dress for her.Her mother is making herwedding dress for her.

He is not strong enough to do that job. to o:

He ...................................... that job.He is too weak to do that job.

Linda hasnt got as much experience as Graham. than:Graham ...................................... Linda.Grahamhas got more experience than Linda.

Its ages since I saw him last. for:I ...................................... ages.I havent seen him for ages.


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Chapter 4

Crime wave

4.1 Report of theft for the local police

My name is Otto Raffzahn and I am staying in the hotel Astoria fromthe 2th of October to the 6th of October. My hotel phone number is 43234.My home address is Wiesenacker 25a, D-99533 Weitewelt (Germany) andmy home phone is +49-(0)30-312213.Today I left the hotel at about 9 a.m. At half past eleven a friend of minephoned me to tell me that my hotel room had been burgled. His name isUwe Thomas. The door had been opened and scratched around the lock.After this call my friend phoned your police station too, and he was waitingin my room until I came back. This was at about quarter past twelve.Immediately I checked my possessions. My passport, my black walkman andmy travelling bag are missing. In the bag were five travellers cheques andabout 30 pound in cash. The thief made only little mess. I have travellerinsurance, but I didnt put in my valuables to the hotel safe.I have no idea who could be the burgler. It might have been some impolitehotel guests in the room next door who stole my belongings.

192 words

4.2 Vocabulary

4.2.1 Types of crime

to kill killing killer toten die Totung Morderto murder murder murderer ermorden Mord Morderto burgle burglary burgler einbrechen Einbruch Einbrecherto theft theft thief klauen Diebstahl Diebto pickpocket picketing pickpocket klauen Taschendiebstahl Taschendiebto rob (a bank) robbery robber ausrauben Raub Rauberto forge forgery forger falschen Falschung Falscherto shoplifting shoplifting shoplifter klauen Ladendiebstahl Ladendiebto assault assault assaulter angreifen der Angriff Angreiferto kidnap kidnapping kidnapper entfuhren die Entfuhrung Entfuhrer

27


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28 CHAPTER 4. CRIME WAVE

4.2.2 Word List

those diese; jene, jener; jenesdeduction Ableitung, Abrechnung, Schlussfolgerungmen Mannermugger Straenrauberwhite-collor crime Geschaftsverbrechenransom money Losegeldto commit a crime ein Verbrechen begehenpetty criminals kleine Gaunervaluables Wertsachenfingerprints Fingerabdruckeaccused of angeklagtregrets bedauert, bereutsympathetic mitfuhlend; sympathischadolescent Jugendlicherapproximately annaherungsweise; ungefahrassault Angriff aware begierigbother Plage, argerncarelessness Achtlosigkeit, Nachlassigkeitdetergent Reinigungsmittel, Waschmittel, Spulmitteldomestic hauslichestimate Kostenvoranschlag, Schatzungevidence Beweisforgery Falschunggrab aufbereiten

jealousy Eifersuchtoffence Angriff precautions Vorsorgemanahmenquarrel Streit, Zankraids Angriffe, Raubzugerevenge Ahndung, Rachesurvey Gutachtenvulnerable angreifbar; verwundbar


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4.2. VOCABULARY 29

4.2.3 Describing trends, diagrams

increased erhohengone up gestiegenrisen entstehen, sichtbar werden; steigendoubled verdoppeltclimbed steigenstayed level auf gleichem Levelstayed the same unverandertnot changed unverandertremained stable stabil gebliebendecreased vermindertgone down hinabgegangenfallen abgesturzthalved halbiertdropped abgeworfen, gefallen


pick up aufheben, aufnehmen, mitnehmen, aufsammelnshow up aufkreuzenknock down niederschlagen, uberfahrencarry out abfragen, vornehmen, durchfuhrento carry out a plan einen Plan ausfuhrenput in eingeben, hineinlegen, -setzten, -stellen, -stecken,

einreichen, einwerfenget away (with) davon kommen, wegkommen (mit)break into einbrechen

take up abspulen, abwickeln, einnehmenlive on fortleben, fortbestehenput off auf-, verschieben, vertrosten, hinhaltengo off losgehen, verderben, sauer werden (Milch)write off abschreiben, abbuchenbring up heraufbringen, vorbringen

Never put offtill tomorrow what you can do today.The fact the house was near the police station didnt put off the burglars.Your call will show up on a screen at the police station.Most crime is not carried out by professionals.

Dealing with car theft take up a lot of police time.

4.2.5 Noun + prepositionsfor/of ...

Noun + for ...a cheque for... (sum of money)a demandfor...a needfor...a reasonfor...

Noun + of ...an advantage of ...


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a disadvantage of ...a cause of ...a photographof ...a picture of ...a map of ...

a plan of ...a drawing of ...

Noun + in ...an increasein ... (prices etc.)a decrease in ... (prices etc.)a rise in ... (prices etc.)a fall in ... (prices etc.)

Noun + to ...damage to ... (a car etc.)

an invitation to ... (a party etc.)a solution to ... (a problem)a key to ... (a door)an answer to ... (a question)a reply to ... (a letter)a reactionto ...an attitude to ...an attitude towards...

Noun + with ... (one things or people)a relationship with ...

a connectionwith ...a contact with ...

Noun + between ... (two things or people)a relationship between ...a connectionbetween ...a contact between ...a differencebetween ...

The firm closed down because there wasnt enough demand for its prod-uct.

They sent mea cheque forPound 75.Theres no excuse for behaviour like that. There is no need for it.What is the differencebetweenyour job and mine?Money isnt the solution to every problem.There are many advantages in/to being able to speak a foreign language.There has been a sharp rise in the cost of living in the past few years.


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4.3 Languages Focus

4.3.1 Past simple

The Past simple is used:- to talk about events in the past:

Iwent to the cinema last night.- to talk about events that happened one after another:I finishedmy homework andsat downto watch TV.

4.3.2 Past continuous

The Past continuous is used to talk about events which had begun buthadnt finished at a specific time in the past:Iwas watchingTV at 9:00yesterday evening.

Whatwere you doingat 10 oclock last night?

English Gramma in Use unit 6

4.3.3 Past simple + Past continuous

The past simple and continuous are used together:- when one action is interrupted by another:Iwas watchingTV when the lightswent out.- when one action takes place during a longer one:

When/WhileIwas shoppingin Oxford Street Isawa car accident.I met Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They were going toBerlin and Iwas goingto Madrid.

4.3.4 During/While

during + nounduring the war

while + subject + verbwhile I was in Japan

??

4.3.5 While/When

Whilewith continue tense

Whenany time

A short action stops a longe action.A shot action is in a longer action.??


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4.3.6 Making deductions

Modal verbs are used to say how sure or unsure we are about things:Thismust be Louisas diary, its got her name inside. (Im sure its hers.)Thiscant behis mother, shes not old enough. (Im sure it isnt his mother.)Hecould be a teacher.Itmight be her birthday today.Thismay be Janes pen. (Its possible but Im not sure.)

In the past, these verbs are formed with have:It must have beenhis house.That cant have beenhis mother.Itmight have been the butler who killed her.

4.3.7 Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns agree with nouns:The housewhere I live.The ladywhose house was burgled.The manwho was arrested.The bookswhich/thatare on the table.

Relative pronouns are used to combine two ideas about one subject.There is a man outside. + He is selling ice cream.There is a man outsidewho is selling ice cream.


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Chapter 5

Playing the game

What is the difference between a sport and a game?Gamesbillards, Trivial Pursuits, Scrabble

Sportsswimming, fishing, rollerskating, skiingGames+Sportssquash, basketball, golf, rugby

5.1 Writing for a Competition

No matter what people said about Alex, I knew he was a true friend. Alexwas my dog.

Alex was living in small town and his job was to watch my house. Hedid this very well and I dont know why all mail-men hate my busy friend.Alex was always so friendly to me so I cant understand why some peoplecant get on with my bulldog.

My cute hound was very healthy and he had bright white teeth which heshowed with every smile. Alex had a good character. He was not as loud asother dogs in doing his guarding job. So he didnt disturb me.

My house was in a very calm area. Normally there wasnt any noise. Onlysometimes screams were audible outside.

Alex was good to me until the end of his dogs life.

My Alex was a very good friend, wasnt he?

PS: Mailmen were not asked.

154 words

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34 CHAPTER 5. PLAYING THE GAME

5.2 Describing a Game

5.2.1 Cheat Max (Schummel Max)

This game is called Schummel Max in German and is very easy to learn.Only if you cheat well can you win this game. The minimum number ofplayers is two but four to sixe is better.

You need dice, a dice box, a beer mat and a matchbox. All players getthree matches for one play.

One player starts the game by shaking the dice between the beer mat anddice box. Then he looks under the dice box to see the value of the dice.He has to hide the result. The player says the value or a higher number to

the next player. The next player has to trust it or not. If he believes, thenthe first player hands over the dice box to him and then he has to throw ahigher number.

But if the second player didnt rely, then the first player has to show himthe dice. If the first player has lied so he has to put away one match. Soother way round the unbeliever loses a match. Afterwards the next playerhas the next turn. If he has trusted so he has to have a higher score thenbefore. Otherwise he can start from scratch.

So the rules are very simple. Everybody has to have a higher level (real

or not) than his predecessor. Now its time to explain the kind of valuecounting.

The highest virtue of both dices is always the decimal. So a three andone or one and three is 31, a six and a five is 65. The numbers 21, 11, 22,33, 44, 55 and 66 are particularly values. Except they we count from 31,32, 41, 42, 43, 51, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 63, 64 to 65. The next higher levelare the double numbers: 11, 22, 33, 44, 55 and 66. They called in GermanPasch (doublets): one-douplets, two-douplets, ... The highest level is 21,called Max. If you get this then you have to show it and all players haveto lay a match aside and the play direction turn back. And you throw again

but to the partner an the other side.

If a player has lost all matches then he is swimming one round. If heis a looser again so he leaves this game. At the end the winner is the lastplayer of this round.

This game is a lot of fun. You can see who is good at lying.

Too long! 418 words


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5.3. VOCABULARY 35

5.3 Vocabulary


bring out herausbringenbring back wiederbringenpull out herausreien, herausziehentake out entfernen, herausnehmentake on auf sich nehmen, ubernehmentake back zurucknehmentake part teilnehmen, sich beteiligencome out herausgekommenIt will come out all right in the end. Es wird sich schon finden.come on los; wir wollen gehencome back zuruckgekommen

turn out hinauswerfen; produzieren; ausfallento turn out all right gut ausgehento turn out to be sich entpuppen alsto turn out the lights die Lampen ausschaltento turn on andrehen, anschaltento turn on the waters losheulenTurn on the light! Schalt das Licht ein!turn back umkehrenput on anlegen, uberziehento put on hold jemanden bitten; zu wartento put on the market auf den Markt bringen

put back nachgestelltset out ausgesetztto set out for sich auf den Weg machen nachset on vorantreibento be set on erpicht sein auf to set on fire in Brand setzenset back zuruckflieen (Flut), zuruckstellen (Uhr), zuruckwerfento set back someone jemanden armer machenget out aussteigen; herausbekommento get out of place verrutschenDont get out of patience! Werde nicht ungeduldig!

get on vorwarts kommen, weiterkommen, einsteigenget back wiedererlangenpick out aussuchenpick on schikanieren; drangsalierenrun out auslaufen, hinausgelaufen, zu Ende gehentake up abspulen, abwickeln, einnehmenset about hergemachtsend on nachschickencall off absagen, ruchkgangig machen

We arrived, had a coffee, thenset outto explore the mountainside.We knew we would neverget backto the ski lift before it closed.


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5.3. VOCABULARY 37

5.3.2 Wordlist

flog to buy Einkaufsschwarmaccompanied by in Begleitung vonaches schmerztalthough obwohl, obgleich

ancient Ur..., alt, ehemaligcarving Schnitzarbeit, Schnitzereicompetition Konkurrenzkampf, Wettbewerbdebt Schuld, Verpflichtungdraughts Dame, Damespieldreadful furchterlichflags Flaggen, Fahnenfold Faltegym Gymnastikheap Halde, Haufen, Mengeinvent ausdenken; erfinden

keen eifrigknock over umkippen; umstoenlandmark Grenzstein, Orientierungspunkt, Orientierungshilfeloan Anleihelungs Lungemedal Medaillemugged raubte ausovertake einholen, uberholenrally Ballwechsel (beim Tennis)ravine Klamm, Schluchtrivalry Konkurrenzkampf, Wetteifer, Wettstreit

slope Hang, Abhangspine Buchrucken, Ruckgratstamina Ausdauer, Stehvermogenstorage Speichersupply and demand Angebot und Nachfrageterminus Endstation, Endstelletin Dose, Konservenbuchse, Zinnblechbuchsetomb Grabtracksuit Trainingsanzugvaluables Kostbarkeitenmentioned erwahnt

astonished erstaunen; erstaunt sein, uberraschtaccused Angeklagter, angeklagt, beschuldigtefall through ins Wasser fallenfall out ausfallenvicious circle; doom loop Teufelskreisgo to university eine Universitat besuchenon the one hand einerseitson the other hand andererseits; wiederum, demgegenubershould sollte; solltenodd number ungerade Zahleven number gerade Zahl

Im going to have the same way. Ich habe den gleichen Weg.long haul flight Langstreckenflugshort haul flight Kurzstreckenflugaisle Gang zwischen den Sitzenover-head compartment obere Gepackablageleak entweichen, lecken, Leck


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5.3.3 Adjective + preposition

It was nice ofyou to ...nice ofsomebody (to do something)kind ofsomebody (to do something)

good ofsomebody (to do something)generous ofsomebody (to do something)polite ofsomebody (to do something)silly ofsomebody (to do something)stupid ofsomebody (to do something)

Adjective +aboutangry aboutsomethingannoyed aboutsomethingfurious aboutsomethingexcited aboutsomething

worried aboutsomethingupset aboutsomethingnervous aboutsomethinghappy about something

Adjective +withangry withsomebody for doing somethingannoyed withsomebody for doing somethingfurious withsomebody for doing somethingdelighted withsomethingpleased with somethingsatisfied with somethingdisappointed withsomethingfed up with somethingbored with something

Adjective +at/by/withsurprised at/by somethingshocked at/bysomethingamazed at/bysomethingastonished at/bysomethingimpressed with/by somebody/something

sorry about/forsorry aboutsomethingsorry fordoing somethingImsorryI (did something)

Thats a bitchildish ofthem.Why do you always get so annoyed aboutlittle things.I wasnt veryimpressed with/bythe service in the restaurant.I wasastonished at/by the crowds.I wasshocked at/bywhat I saw.Imimpressed withher English, Its very good.


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Imsorry forshouting at you yesterday.ImsorryI shouted at you yesterday.I feelsorry forGeorge. He has a lot of problems.

5.4 Languages Focus

5.4.1 Linking words

After/After that

Afteris generally followed by a noun, gerund or phrase:After coffee we went home.Afterdrinkingour coffee we went home.After we had drunk our coffee we went home.When after is used at the beginning of a sentence, we are saying that theevents happened in the order which they are mentioned.After+ first event + second event.

After that/Afterwards

These refer to something already mentioned.First event + afterwards+ second event:We had coffee. After thatwe went home.Afterwards we went home.

Before

Beforefollow the same rules as afterwhen it is at the beginning.It can be followed by a noun, gerund or phrase.When before is used at the beginning of a sentence it indicates that twoevents which are mentioned are in reverse order:Before+ second event + first event:

Before Ipaidthe bill Icheckedthe total to make sure it was correct.However, whenbeforeis used between two events the order is:First event + before+ second event:I checked my changebefore I left the shop.

Although/Despite

These are used to indicate contrast.Althoughis followed by a subject and verb:Althoughthere was very little snow, the skiing resort was crowded.Despiteis followed by a noun, a noun phrase or gerund + gerund + verb:Despite the fact thatit was cold, the central heating was turned off.Despite the cold weather, we decided to climb the mountain.Despite feeling cold, we decided to climb the mountain.We can also say even though (although) in spite of (despite)Although ... = Despite the fact ...


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5.4.2 Used to + infinitive

This tells us about things that happened in the past but which dont happen now.These are things which happened regulary over a long period of time.Heused to play footballwhen he was a child.Does he play football now? (no) Did he play football often (yes)Used to does not exist in the present. The present equivalent of used to isusually.

5.4.3 Past perfect

When we tell a story, we set a time in the past in which the narrative takesplaces. When we refer to actions and periods before that, the Past perfectis used:When we got back to the house, he hadremoved the furniture.(First he removed the furniture, then we got back.)

When we got back to the house, he removed the furniture.(First we got back, then he removed the furniture.)

5.5 Exam Focus Use Of English

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the firstsentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.

Youve broken my radio, Frank! said Jane. accused:Jane ...................................... her radio.Jane accused Frank of having brokenher radio. (reported speech)

Susan regrets not buying that house. - wishes:Susan ...................................... that house.Susanwishes she had boughtthat house. (conditional)

I could never have succeeded without your help. you:I could never have succeeded ...................................... me.I could never have succeeded if you didnt help me. (conditional)

Lindas plan for a picnic have been spoilt by the weather. fallen:Lindas plan for a picnic ...................................... because of the weather.Lindas plan for a picnic have fallen throughbecause of the weather.

The thief suddenly realised that the police were watching him. watched:The thief suddenly realised that ...................................... by the police.The thief suddenly realised that was been watchedby the police.


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Chapter 6

Travellers tales

6.1 Why is a round the world trip good for me?

I think a round-the-world trip would be a good experience for me because

it is not only time for relaxing.

In German we say other countries other customs or travelling is edu-cation. So every trip to an other country can give you new points of viewand new experiences.

Maybe at first you will find that some things are not so nice in an othercountry. But if you are get used to the circumstances there, then you willfind a better understanding of the differences.

Also you are getting used to seeing the unknown nice things. You can

compare what is better and what is not. At the end you are not only re-laxed.

You will bring little gifts in your memory home.

125 words

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42 CHAPTER 6. TRAVELLERS TALES

6.2 Giving directions

Dear Andrea,

Im looking forward to seeing you next Thursday. I would like to pick you

up from the airport Tegel at 9:30 a.m. but Ive got a new job and I have towork at that time. Im so sorry. So Ill describe the way to my flat.

The airport Tegel is not so big. You will find the way out very easily.Next to the exit is the bus stop. You have to take the bus X9. This is anexpress bus line to the train station Bahnhof Zoo. The airport Tegel is thestarting-point and Bahnhof Zoo is the end-stop of this line - you cant makea mistake. Buy a daily ticket - it costs about 12 DM. You can use it until 3oclock next morning and we can paint the town red on Thursday evening.Bahnhof Zoo is in the centre of the western part of Berlin. A tip: Dont staytoo long near the Bahnhof Zoo. There are drug-dealers and other criminals.

At Bahnhof Zoo you can go the fast way with the S-Bahn (town train) ortake a nice trip with the bus line 100. I recommend using the bus line. Itstarts only few meters from the end stop of the X9.The bus line 100 connects both centres of Berlin and it will be a little sightseeing trip. From the top bus-deck you will see the ruin of the churchGedachniskirche and the Europa Center first. Later the bus will go throughthe big park Tiergarten with the pregnant oyster (House of the Culturesof the World) and the new buildings of the German government on the lefthand side. Maybe you will see the sky scrapers at the Potsdamer Platz faron the right hand side. You cant miss the Brandenburger Tor. The BerlinWall was here and you will reach the eastern part of Berlin.

So the bus will go along the big street Unter den Linden, with the Staat-soper, the Deutsches Musem and other sights. After that the bus will crossthe river Spree. On the left hand side is the Museums Insel (island of themuseums) and the big cathedral Berliner Dom. On the right is the uglybig GDR-building Palast der Republik. Next you will cross the river Spreeagain. On the right hand side is the church St. Marien Kirche and behindthe tall TV-Tower. In front you can see the S-Bahn station Alexanderplatz.This is the east centre of Berlin and you have to get out the bus at stopAlexanderplatz.Now Change to the tram line 5. The tram stop is between the S-Bahn-Station Alexander Platz and the TV-Tower. Take the direction Hohen-

schonhausen (not Hackescher Markt). Now it will take you about 20minutes by tram. You will see a display in the tram shows the stop names.Go out at Freienwalder Strasse. Change the street side of the streetKonrad-Wolf-Strasse and you will find the street Manetstrasse few meterahead. Go into the Manetstrasse and walk down the road for about 150meter and you will find my house (number 23). Ring to my neighbour hewill give you the key to my flat. You can use everything as it as yours. Iwill come about 6 oclock and we will have a nice evening.

Love Otto

Too long! 560 words


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6.3. VOCABULARY 43

6.3 Vocabulary


cross out ausstreichen, durchstreichencross off abhackencheck in eincheckencheck up Nachuntersuchungcheck off abhaken

check out ausprufenturn round umlenkenturn up aufbinden, auftauchen; erscheinenturn up the headlights aufblendenHe failed to turn up. Er erschien nicht.turn off abbiegen, abdrehen, abschalten; ausschaltenturn in einreichentake off starten, abhebencall on besuchen, heranziehen (zu Diensten)to call on someone bei jemanden vorsprechen; jemanden besuchencall up aufbieten

call off ruckgangig machen; absagencall in hinzuziehen, hereinrufencall out herausrufenwake up aufwachenfill in (a form) (ein Formular) ausfullenfill out this form fullen Sie das Formular ausleave in the lurch im Stich lassenrent out Miete beendenleave out weglassen; auslassenleft out ausgelassenmake up for wiedergutmachen

hand in einreichenhold up uberfallen, andauerncome forward vortretengo off losgehen, verderben, sauer werden (Milch)carry out abfragen, vornehmenget away davon kommen, wegkommentake up abspulen, abwickeln, einnehmenput off auf-, verschieben, vertrosten, hinhalten

Polly crossed things off her shopping list as shepicked them up in thesupermarket.Theyrented out their house and went to live in the South of France.


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6.3.2 Word List

regret BedauernI have no regrets (about anything). Ich bereue gar nichts.shallow seicht (Wasser)let go gehen gelassen; gehengelassen, loslassen

whoever wer auch immertricky kompliziertspot Fleckfury Furie, Rage, Wut, Zorn, Rasereisuperior obererabandon im Stich lassenafford leisten

anger Argeranticipation Vorausnahme, Erwartungbeg Mannchen machento beg (for) bitten (um); betteln (um)

to beg off absagen; sich entschuldigento beg leave um Erlaubnis bittenI beg your pardon; beg pardon entschuldigen Siebucket Eimer, Kubel, Behaltercharter Urkunde , Freibrief, anheuernconstraints Auflagen, Zwangecontribution Beitragcrease Bugelfalte, Faltediary Tagebuch, Terminkalenderto keep a diary ein Tagebuch fuhrendisposable verfugbar

fulfil ableisten; vollziehenfurious rabiat, aufgebrachte, wutendinhabitants Einwohner plinoculate geimpft; impfteknot Astlatter letzte, jungere; letzterememorable denkwurdigoverland uber Landposh fesch; todschick; piekfeinfuse elektrische Sicherung

6.3.3 Prepositionby

send something by postdo somethingby handsomething can happen by mistake / by accident / by chanceDid you payby cheque or in cash?We hadnt arranged to meet. We metby chance.In these expressions we use by + noun without a or the.

In the same way we use by ... to say how somebody travels:bycarbytrain


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6.3. VOCABULARY 45

byplanebyboatbyshipbybusbybicycle

byroadbyrailbyseabyairbyunderground

Do you prefer to travelby airorby train?

But we say on foot:Did you come hereby caroron foot?

You cannot use byif you say mycar / the train / ataxi etc. We useby+ noun without a/the/my etc.bycar but in my carbytrain but on the train

We use in for cars andtaxis.They didnt come in theircar. They cameina taxi.

We use onfor bicycles and public transport (buses, trains etc.)We travelledonthe 6.45 train.

We say something is done by somebody/something.Have you ever been bittenbya dog?The programme was watchedbymillions of people.

Compare by andwith:The door must have been openedwitha key.The door must have been openedbysomebodywitha key.

Byalso means next to/beside:Come and sitbyme. (= beside me)Wheres the light switch? Bythe door.

Use of by in differencesJohn and Roger had a race over 100 metres. Roger wonbyabout five metres.I dont mind goingbycar but I dont want to go in yourcar.I went to Kates house to see her but she had gone out five minutes before Iarrived. I missed herbyfive minutes.


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6.4 Languages Focus

6.4.1 Time and money expressions as adjectives

When the price or the time are used as adjectives, they have no plural form.Adjective + noun

Its afour-hourflight from Birmingham to Athens. (It takes four hours.)Adjective+nounHe had to pay aten-poundparking fine. (He had to pay ten pounds.)

6.4.2 Compound adjectives

These are formed when a noun and adjective, or verb and adjective, arecombined with a hyphen to form an adjectival phrase:A girl with blue eyes. = A blue-eyedgirl.A woman who looks friendly. = A friendly-lookingwoman.

To avoid sentences becoming lists of adjectives, it is good style to use com-pound adjectives before the main noun, expecially when further adjectivesfollow:A tall grey-hairedman with green eyes and a moustache.

6.4.3 Future time

The Present simple is used when we talk about timetables and thingswhich happen at fixed times and so cannot be changed:

The flight lands at 16:00.The important question to ask yourself is:Can I change it is it my decision?

ThePresent continuousis used to talk about plans which we have alreadymade with somebody else:Immeetingthe Managerat 2:30.The important questions to ask yourself are:Have I already decided?Have I made an arrangement with someone else?If the answer is yes, then use the Present continuous to describe your plans.

Going to + infinitive is used for future plans and intentions that involveonly ourselves, or where no definite arrangement has been made.Im going to learn Russiannext year.Compare:My Russian classstartnext week. (It doesnt depend on me.)Im startingRussian classes next week. (Ive arranged to join the class.)

6.4.4 So/Such

So is used with adjective to make them stronger:This sport isso dangerous.


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6.5. EXAM FOCUS SPEAKING 47

And link them to resulting actions:It wassocold that I wore two pairs of socks.

Suchcan be used in a similar way with adjective and noun groups:It issuch a dangerous sport. (countable).

It issuchcold weather. (uncountable).It wassuchcold weather that I wore two pairs of socks.

So can be used with quantifiers:There wereso manypeople that I could not breather. (countable).There were so fewpeople at the disco that we came home early. (count-able).There wasso muchrice that we couldnt eat it all. (uncountable).There wasso little wind that we couldnt go sailing. (uncountable).

Suchcan only be used with quantifiers that have an indefinite article:

There weresuch a lotof people that ...There wassuch a lackof water that ...

6.4.5 during/while

during + nounwhile + gerund ??while + subject + verb

6.5 Exam Focus Speaking

6.5.1 Im sorry ...

Im sorry could you say that again?

6.5.2 Personally speaking

I think about ...I feel ...

In my opinion ...From my point of view ...As I see it ...Personally speaking ...Speaking personally ...The way I see it ...... because ...

6.5.3 Giving reasons

Firstly ... Secondly ... Finally ...An another thing is ...


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One reason is ... and another reason is ...Another ...Well, for one thing ...

6.5.4 Speaking about yourself two minutes

Where are you from?What part of ... are you from?How long have you lived in ... ?Tell me a bit about the area ...Whats like living here/there ... ?What are the differences between here and your home town/country?

6.5.5 Speaking about photos with your partner

Dont point with the finger on the photos!

in the top left hand corner in the top right hand corneron the left on the right

in the middleon the left on the rightin the bottom left hand corner in the bottom right hand corner

background foreground

6.5.6 Speaking about problems and try to find solutionsWhat do you thing ...I see what you mean, (but) ...


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Chapter 7

Food for thought

7.1 A letter to a friend

Dear Paul,

It was great to hear from you. I know you plan to apply for the samecompany I worked for last year. I read this job advertisement too and I cantell you what the job is really like.

The groups arent so small. In my group there were 25 children. You willget pocket money only and a half day off a week. You wont get your travelexpensive until November.

Despite of this disadvantages, this job is good for learning English. I im-proved and practised my English well. I can recommend a one month con-tract in August. In August it will be better organised and less stressful.

Maybe we can talk about this over a beer next week?

Yours

Otto

124 words

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50 CHAPTER 7. FOOD FOR THOUGHT

7.2 Vocabulary


get out of verlassen, verrutschen, beendenbuild up aufbauencut down(on) (Baum) fallen, (Ausgaben) einschrankencome across (zufallig) begegnen; stoen auffill up auffullen, vollfullenget out of place verrutschentake away fortschaffen, wegnehmenset up vorbereiten, rusten, (Kartei) anlegenget rid of loswerden, an den Mann bringenget rid of something etwas loswerdenclear out entrumpeln

go on angehen, weitergehen, weiterfahrenput back nachgestelltset on vorantreibenget on vorwarts kommen, weiterkommen, einsteigenpick on schikanieren; drangsalieren

Hefilled upthe car with lead-free petrol.You should try toget out of the habit of putting sugar in your coffee.Chantal Coaday hasset upa new society.Cholesterolbuilds upon the walls of the arteries.

7.2.2 Word List

omit auslassenwont gewohnt

junk food gehaltloses Essenfibre Faser, Ballaststoffe ??accessories Zubehoranniversary Jahrestag, Jubilaum, Wiederkehr eines Gedenktages

cereals Getreide, Getreideflocken, Cornflakes, Muslichilled kuhlte abdebate erorterndisease Krankheitdistribution Verteilung, Verbreitungfattening mastendflavouring Geschmackgrips Griffemultiply mutiplizierennutrition Ernahrungstale abgestanden; schal

undercooked


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7.2. VOCABULARY 51

7.2.3 Adjective + preposition

Adjective +ofafraid of Angst haben vorfrightened of uberangstlich sein

terrified of erschrocken uberfond of gern haben, mogen, liebenproud of stolz auf ashamed of sich schamen wegen

jealous of eifersuchtig aufenvious of neidisch auf suspicious of argwohnisch; misstrauisch adj (gegen)critical of kritisch; bedenklichtolerant of grozugig, tolerantaware of bemerkenconscious of bei Bewusstsein; bewusst

capable of imstandeincapable of unfahigfull of voll vonshort of knapp antypical of typisch furtired of genug haben von, uberdrussigcertain of bestimmt; sichersure of/about sicher; gewiss; zuverlassig

Are youafraid ofdogs? Yes, Im terrified ofthem.Why are you always so jealous ofother people?He didnt trust me. He was suspicious ofmy intentions.

The letter I wrote was full ofmistakes.Im a bitshort ofmoney. Can you lend me some?We havent got enough time. Were a bitshort oftime.Kate is veryfond ofher younger brother.Im notashamed ofwhat I did. In fact Im veryproud of it.She is a very honest person. I dont think she iscapable oftelling a lie.

Adjective +at / to / from/ in / on / with / forgood at ... gut in (sein)bad at ... schlecht (sein) inexcellent at ... ausgezeichnet; vorzuglich; hervorragend in

brilliant at ... strahlend; groartig; brillanthopeless at ... aussichtslos; hoffnungslosmarried to ... verheiratet mit ...engaged to ... beschaftigt; verpflichtet; verlobt mitsimilar to ... gleich; gleichartig mitdifferent from/to ... unterschiedlich zuinterested in ... interessiert sein inkeen on ... scharf sein auf dependent on ... abhangig voncrowded with ... uberfull, voll, ereignisreichfamous for ... beruhmt (wegen)

responsible for ... verantwortlich; zustandig (fur)


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Linda ismarried to an American.But: Linda ismarried withthree children.I dont want to bedependent onanybody.I dont like sport very much. Im not verykeen onsport.Im not verygood attennis.

The station platform wascrowded withpeople waiting for the train.

7.3 Languages Focus

7.3.1 -ing form/infinitive

Some verbs are followed either by the -ingform or by an infinitive:I wantto go. I enjoy going.The commonest verbs which are followed by the -ing form are:

admit -ing zugeben; zulassen, zugeben

appreciate -ing schatzen; wurdigen; dankbar seinavoid -ing meiden; vermeidenconsider -ing berucksichtigen, erachten; erwagendelay -ing aufhalten; verzogerndeny -ing leugnen; verweigern; abstreitendetest -ing verabscheuendislike -ing Abneigungendure -ing aushalten; ertragenenjoy -ing genieen; Gefallen finden anescape -ing entfliehen; entgehen, entkommen; entweichenexcuse -ing entschuligen

face -ing beschichten, gegenuberliegen; Trotz bietenfeel -ing sich befinden; sich fuhlenlike -ing gernhaben; lieben, gleich; ahnlich; wiefinish -ing beendigen; erledigen, vollendenforgive -ing verzeihen; vergebengive up -ing abgewohnen, aufgebencant help -ing nicht helfen konnenimagine -ing einbilden; sich vorstelleninvolve -ing einschlieen; umfassen; involvierenmention -ing erwahnen; vermerkenmind -ing beachten

miss -ing missen; vermissen; verpassenpostpone -ing verschieben; aufschieben; zuruck stellen (hinter)practise -ing ausuben; ubenputt off -ing aufschieben, abgespiesenresent -ing verubeln; ubelnehmenresist -ing erwehren; widerstehenrisk -ing riskierencant stand -ing nicht mehr ausstehen konnensuggest -ing empfehlen; behaupten; andeuten; nahelegenunderstand -ing begreifen; verstehen, einsehen

He refused togive upsmoking.


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The commonest verbs which are followed directly by an infinitive are:

afford to infinitive sich leisten konnenagree to infinitive beipflichten; ubereinstimmenappear to infinitive erscheinen; auftauchen; auftretenarrange toinfinitive ordnen; hinstellen; einrichten, ubereinkommen

ask to infinitive fragen; auffordern; bitten; verlangenattempt toinfinitive versuchenbear to infinitive (Last; Verantwortung) tragen, gebarenbegin to infinitive anfangen; beginnencare to infinitive sorgen furchoose to infinitive aussuchen; wahlen; auswahlen; kuren; vorziehenconsent to infinitive zustimmen; einwilligendare toinfinitive wagen; sich erdreisten; durfendecide to infinitive befinden; entscheiden, beschlieen; entscheidendetermine toinfinitive beenden, bestimmen; entscheiden; beschlieenexpect to infinitive erwarten; entgegensehen

fail to infinitive durchfallen; scheitern; versagenforget to infinitive vergessen,happen to infinitive geschehen; passieren; vorkommenhate to infinitive hassen; nicht mogenhelp to infinitive helfenhesitate toinfinitive zogern; zaudernhope to infinitive hoffenintend toinfinitive beabsichtigen, vorhabenlearn toinfinitive lernen, erlernen; erfahrenlike to infinitive gernhaben; lieben, gleich; ahnlich; wielove to infinitive lieben

manage to infinitive handhaben; leiten; verwaltenmean to infinitive meinen; sagen wollenneglect to infinitive vernachlassigen; versaumenoffer to infinitive anbieten; zeigenprefer toinfinitive lieber wollen; vorziehenprepare toinfinitive zubereitenpretend toinfinitive vorgeben; heuchelnpromise toinfinitive versprechen; verheienpropose to infinitive vorschlagen (zu); beantragenrefuse to infinitive abschlagen; verweigern; verwehren; ablehnen; abweisenregret to infinitive bedauern, bereuen

remember to infinitive daran denkenseem to infinitive scheinenstart to infinitive startentrouble toinfinitive beunruhigen; storentry to infinitive erproben, probieren, prufen; versuchenwant to infinitive benotigen; brauchen; mussenwish to infinitive wunschen

Some of these verbs can also be followed by the-ingform, often with a different meaning:Rememberto closethe door(future) I remember closingthe door(past)He stopped eatingice-cream. He stoppedto eathis ice-cream.


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7.3.2 Too/Enough

Too and enoughare opposite concepts used to talk about quantity and de-gree:This house istoo small. = This house is not large enough.

Toois used before adjectives (toohot).Enough is used after adjectives (coldenough).Toois used before quantifiers and nouns:Toomany/few people (countable noun).Too much/little water (uncountable noun).People eattoomuch junk food.

Enoughis used directly with countable and uncountable nouns:Thereare not enoughplates.There is not enoughrice.People dont eatenoughfibre.

7.3.3 Conditional 0/1

The zero conditional usesif orwhento say what always or usually happensin a given situation:When youpress this button, a bellrings.

The first conditional is used to predict what will happen given certain other facts.We use it for things that will probably happen in the real future and forpredictions:

If Iseeher, Ill give her a massage.If itrains, therell be a lot of traffic.If is followed by the present tense, and the subject of the main clause bythe future, even when the order is changed:Illgive her a message if I see her.

7.3.4 Prefer/Rather

a I prefer is used to refer to a general situation:Iprefer eatingGreek foodto French food. (always/usually)b Id prefer is used to refer to a specific situation:

Id prefer to go to a restaurant. (now/on this occasion)I d rather + infinitive without to can be used in place of Id prefer.

7.3.5 Unless/IF

Ifrefers to a positive condition:If I win Ill be happy.

Unlessrefers to a negative condition and can be used instead ofif notwhenwe refer to exceptional circumstances whish would change a situation:Unless Iwin/ If Idont winIwont be happy.

Unless ... = If not ...


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7.3.6 Future time

will+ infinitive decisions, offers, promisesThis form is used when we make decisions, offers and promises at the timeof speaking:Whatshall Ihave? Lets see ... Oh yes, Ill havea salad.(Im deciding now.)A: Have a lovely holiday!B: Thanks. Ill sendyou a card. (I promise.)A: Oh no, Ive left my bag in the car.B:Ill go back and get it for you. (I offer.)

Time of decision

a: Im going tohave an ice-cream. Ive already decidedb: What flavour?a: Hmm .. Ill have raspberry I decide now

a: Im doing some shopping for Mary today. Already arrangedb: Oh, Ill take you in the car. Offer now

a: Im leaving tomorrow. Already arrangedThe train goesat 9:00 in the morning. Time tableb: Do keep in touch.a: Yes, Ill write often. I promise now.

Present simple timetables and fixed timesGoing to + infinitive+ infinitive intentionsPresent continuous arrangements

Whenareyou leaving?Next Sunday, Im getting the train to London and then Im going to flyto Paris.I cant come on Sunday. ImgivingRose a lift to the airport.

7.3.7 Looks/Seem/Appears

These phrases are useful for describing photographs:Itlooks as if they+ verb.They look + adjective.Itlooks like+ (a) noun.Sheseems to be+ adjective.Sheseems to be+ verb + -ing.Heappears to be+ adjective.Heappears to be+ verb + -ing.

I get the impression that he is ...Maybe theyre ...Perhaps theyre ...


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7.3.8 Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses can be defining or non-defining.

They begin with a relative pronoun who or that used for people, andwhich or thatin other cases.Defining relative clauses identify nouns they tell us which person, thingetc. the speaker means:The girl who sits next to me is Japanese. (no punctuation surround thistype of clause).

The relative pronoun can be omitted if it is the object of the clause:The girl(that) I spoke to was Japanese.

Non-defining relative clauses give extra information about a person or thing

(This extra information is enclosed by commas.):Mr Brown, who is an electrician, mended our kitchen light.

Whose is used to indicate possession:My brother,whose housewas burgled last week, has been asked to help withpolice investigations.

You cant use that or omit the relative pronoun in non-defining relativeclauses.


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Chapter 8

High-tech horizons

8.1 Changes in my Country

In my opinion Germany will be changed by the followed facts in the next

ten years. The world and especially Europe will become more internation-alised. That means country-borders will fade out and markets will growover borders. Cheaper foreign products will be sold and competition is get-ting harder. More and more specialists are crossing borders to find better

jobs. New technology is changing our lives and work. This will affect mepersonally strongly. If I want to find good a job in the future, Ill have toimprove my job-skills continuously.. As I see it, it isnt only in my job (Ima IT-expert) but a lot of jobs are changing. But not only job skills are get-ting more important. Language skills will be more important than beforein Europe.

130 words

8.2 Vocabulary


go off losgehen, schlecht (Milch sauer) werdendo without entbehren; entbehren konnendo in umbringen, um die Ecke bringendo out saubermachen; herrichten, streichen; tapezierendo up zumachen; binden, ein-/verpacken, zurechtmachen

block off absperren, blockieren, abdeckenblock out nicht durchlassen, verdecken, (weg)retuschierenpick up aufnehmen, hochnehmenturn out herausstellenswitch on ein-/anschalten, anstellen, anlassenfeed up masten; vollstopfenfed up die Nase voll habenget in touch(with someone) mit jemandem Kontakt aufnehmenthrow away weg-/fortwerfen, verschwenden, nebenbei sagentake place stattfinden

I couldntdo withoutmy mobile phone, its so handy.I was waiting to pay in the shop when suddenly the fire alarmwent off.

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58 CHAPTER 8. HIGH-TECH HORIZONS

The new Coke recipeturned outnot to be a great success.

8.2.2 Word List

prediction Prophezeiung, Voraussage, Vorhersageevidence Beweis, Beleg, Anzeichen, Hinweisaccuracy Exaktheit; Genauigkeit; Treffgenauigkeitaccurately genaubent beugte; gebogenbookings Bestellungen; Buchungenbreakdown Ausfall; Storfallconfiscate beschlagnahmencope bewaltigendistraction Ablenkung; Verstortheitdisturbance Beunruhigung; Storungdrawback Nachteildrought Durre; Trockenheitforecast Vorhersagehassle belastigenimperfection Fehlerstelle, Mangelhaftigkeitennecessity Not, Notwendigkeitoperator Anwender, Bedieneroverseas uberseeischpastime Zeitvertreibpredict voraussagen; prophezeienprestigious prestigevollreputation Ansehen, Leumundscholarship Gelehrsamkeitscratch Kratzer, Schrammesevere ernstworkload Arbeitsbelastung, Arbeitspensumtoping oberer Teil (der Pizza)dough Teigtamed gezahmt


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8.2.3 Verb + preposition

Verb + abouttalk aboutreadabouttell abouthave a discussion aboutdo somethingaboutsomething

But: discuss something (no preposition):We discussed a lot of things at the meeting.We discussed the problem.

care about...(think that somebody/something is important)He is very selfish. He doesntcare aboutother people.We say care what/where/how/... (without about)You can do what you like. I dontcare whatyou do.

care for...- I like something (usually in questions and negative sentences):Would youcare fora cup of coffee?- look after somebody:Albert is 85 and lives alone. He needs somebody to care forhim.take care of (=look after):Have a nice holiday. Takecare of yourself!

Verb + forask (somebody) for...apply (to a person, a company etc.) for(a job etc.)wait for ...search (a person / a place / ...) for...leave (a place) for (another place)

I havent seen her since she left (home) forwork this morning.Diane is from Boston but now she lives in Paris. She left BostonforPariswhen she was 19.

8.3 Languages Focus

8.3.1 The Passive

The passive voice is formed by making the object of the active phraseinto the subject of an new phrase:Active I washmy car every week.Passive My caris washedevery week.Passive voice equivalents exist for all major active tenses.The passive is used in three main ways:

a) To describe a process.b) When the action is more important than who does it:The photocopierwas repaired in two hours.


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60 CHAPTER 8. HIGH-TECH HORIZONS

c) When we do not know, or do not want to say, who does the action:A windowhas been broken.

The agent (by...) is only used when it includes important information:America was discoveredbyColumbus in 1492.

Never add by someone to a passive phrase.

Active Passive

Present simple someone makes the pizza the pizza is madePresent continuous someone is making the pizza the pizza is being madePresent perfect someone has made the pizza the pizza has been madePast simple someone made the pizza the pizza was madePast continuous someone was making the pizza the pizza was being madePast perfect someone had made the pizza the pizza had been madeGoing to someone is going to make the pizza the pizza is going to be made

Will someone will make the pizza the pizza will be madeMust someone must make the pizza the pizza must be madeHave to someone has to make th

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