Bombs Away! - WPI · 2013. 3. 2. · Bombs Away! Michael Grossfeld, Anthony Sessa, Matt Tomson Project Thumbnail: Bombs Away! Is a game that seeks to inform players about drone strikes,

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Bombs Away!

Michael Grossfeld, Anthony Sessa, Matt Tomson

Project Thumbnail:

Bombs Away! Is a game that seeks to inform players about drone strikes, the process that

goes into initiating them, and their consequences. The game puts the player at the desk of the

leader of a world superpower who has difficult decisions to make. Bombs Away! seeks to inform

the target users about the facts behind drone strikes without presenting any bias.

Target Users:

The target user for Bombs Away! is the general population, high school age and older.

Delivery Platform and Justification:

Bombs Away! will be released through a computer browser using HTML5 to reach the

maximum potential audience. Browser games allow the widest distribution among our target

audience while allowing for the shorter playtimes that Bombs Away! requires.

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Needs & Task Analysis:

Needs Analysis Task Analysis

Procedure of a Drone Strike • Chain of Command --- Intelligence Gathering from CIA --- National Security Teleconference --- Ranking by the President --- Strike declared by the President --- Official or Classified Reporting of the Strike to the Media • Gathering Intelligence • Timing • In combative area, must release information openly • In non-combative area, don't have to say much of anything • Releasing of information to the media

Interpreting the Intelligence • Innocents In Area • Number of Targets -- High Profile Target vs. Low Profile Target vs. "Militant Combatant" • Cost of Ground Assault vs. Drone Strike • Militant vs. Civilian --- Civilian is generally a woman or child that has no relation to the intended target --- Combatant is "all military-age males in a strike zone" unless there is evidence which clearly points to the contrary • Probability of Success

Consequences of a Drone Strike • Innocents Killed • Targets Taken Out • Media Attention • Official Response (single-digit civilian casualties [?]) • Differences between reports on the ground collected by the media and official responses • Anti-American Backlash • Negative reactions by Americans • UN probes • Effectiveness of a Drone Strike on stopping terrorism • Political Backlash

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Learning Objectives:

In Bombs Away!, the player should learn several things about the process and

consequences of drone strikes:

1 The decision making process behind drone strikes.

Drone strikes in the United States follow a strict procedure under the Obama

administration. One of the points this game wants to communicate to the player is

the process of approving a drone strike. The player should learn the full process,

from the initial target selection to the decision options to gathering intelligence, as

well as the actual drone strike itself. Teaching these steps to the player through

example is the main gameplay mechanic of Bombs Away!.

2 The costs and consequences, both positive and negative, resulting from drone strikes.

Whether a player decides to drone strike a target, there will be consequences

attached to their actions. These actions range from a successful strike to an

unsuccessful strike that results in the loss of civilian life. The point of these

differing consequences is to impress upon the player that they are both positive

and negative consequences that result from drone strikes. There are also gray

areas in between where the player can weigh both the positive and negative

consequences. The player should understand the consequences that come from

drone strikes make them a controversial topic.

3 Current and relevant statistics and facts pertaining to drone strikes.

Through the course of the game, the player will be given statistics and facts

related to drone strikes. The point of the game is to improve awareness about

drone strikes, so the player will be given these statistics and facts during the game

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to supplement the information they are getting from the gameplay. These facts

give information on current events pertaining to drone strikes, such as costs for

drone strikes and number of deaths resulting from the strikes.

User Interface and Environment:

The Bombs Away! Game.

The user interface is split into four sections:

a Dossier

Contains all relevant information about the current target. This includes

the target’s name, past transgressions, supposed current whereabouts, as well as

other important information. It starts out next to empty and can be filled in with

more information as the game goes on if the player chooses to gather more intel.

Whether or not the intel added to the dossier is correct or reliable depends on the

source the information is coming from. If information is deemed to be more

credible than what was previously gathered, the old intel will be replaced with the

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newer, more reliable intel. Additionally, this section contains facts about drone

strikes.

A sample dossier.

b Map

Displays the map of the area the suspect is currently believed to inhabit.

Information such as population density, buildings in the area, and other

topographical information are displayed here. During the course of the game,

random facts/tidbits about drone strikes intended to inform the player will pop up

for them to read.

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The map of a potential target.

c Clock

The clock represents the game time that passes as the player plays the

game. When the player chooses to gather more intel or wait, the clock moves

forward at set rate. While the player is choosing which option they want to select,

the time is also moving forward, although at a slower pace. As time moves

forward in game, the situation can change, such as the target leaving the location.

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The clock.

d Choices

When it comes time for the player to make a decision on how to proceed,

he/she is presented with four different options. These choices are “Drone Strike”,

“Gather Intelligence”, “Strike Team”, and “Wait”. “Drone Strike”, the extremely

destructive option, will call in a drone strike on the area displayed on the map.

Both the target(s) and civilians are at risk when this option is chosen. “Gather

Intelligence” allows the player to (hopefully, become more familiar with their

target(s). The intel that is gathered may or may not be reliable depending on the

source it’s coming from. “Strike Team”, the careful and safer alternative to

“Drone Strike” is an option that becomes available once enough intel is gathered.

It allows the player to send in a small team of soldiers to deal with the target(s)

without having to worry about civilian fallout. Finally, “Wait” will allow the

passage of time to take its toll and possibly alter the situation slightly. The player

can choose from an hour, 12 hours, or a day.

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The possible choices the player can make at each turn.

Interactivity:

● Dossier

○ Multiple pages of information.

○ Links to real-world articles related to terrorist actions.

■ A target(s) past attacks can be real terrorist attacks. When the intelligence

comes in, the dossier can update with news articles about these particular

attacks and give the player a chance to learn what the terrorist has done in

the past and the consequences of those attacks.

○ Contains real-world facts related to drone strikes, the procedures of drone strikes,

and the consequences of drone strikes.

○ Dossier updates as the player collects information on the target, adding new pages

to the dossier that the player can look through to better understand the target.

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A more informative dossier.

● Map

○ Map updates with current intelligence about what is known/unknown.

■ For example, if intelligence has learned that the target is no longer in the

bunker, it will instead show the new location of the target. If the target’s

location is unknown, the last known location will be shown instead.

○ Different locations (there isn’t just one map).

■ Whenever a target is chosen, a map will be selected that pertains to that

target. It is possible that this map corresponds to a similar area as another

target, but a different location. Additionally, it is possible that this target is

in an entirely different map.

○ Information bubbles.

■ Different locations on the map will have information bubbles that will

give the current intelligence about that location.

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■ For example, if the highlighted area were believed to be a children’s

hospital, the information bubble would contain this information, along

with estimated number of targets and civilians inside and around the

location.

● Buttons

To finish every turn, the player is given a set of choices

○ Drone Strike

■ This choice initiates a drone strike on the target. After this choice, a player

is given the consequences of the strike.

○ Strike Team

■ Similar to the drone strike option, but uses people instead of drones. This

choice has a different set of consequences than a drone strike choice.

○ Gather Intelligence

■ Interrogate Associates

● Gives the player information about the target in the dossier.

■ Informants

● Can give either information about the map or the dossier.

■ Ask Fellow Intelligence Agencies

● Can also give information about the map or the dossier.

○ Wait

These options will forward the in-game clock by the given time. Intelligence can

be learned in this time without having to specifically seek it out. Circumstances

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may change from one hour to the next. For example, an elementary school will let

out in the afternoon and will have less people in it than earlier in the day.

■ One hour

■ Six hours

■ Twelve hours

Fact Delivery System:

Whenever the player is given a new piece of intelligence, the game presents them with an

additional fact in their dossier. These facts will look the same as the pieces of intelligence

gathered and the player will need to read them to distinguish them from actual pieces of intel.

These facts will contain information about drone strikes, the process of drone strikes, or the

consequences of drone strikes. The following are a sampling of facts that will be shown:

● The United States has ordered 362 known drone strikes in Pakistan since 2004.1

● The number of people reported killed in Pakistan since 2004 is between 2,629-3,461.1

● The number of civilians reported killed in Pakistan since 2004 is between 475-891.1

● The number of children reported killed in Pakistan since 2004 is 176.1

● The number of known United States operations in Yemen since 2002 is between 54-64.1

● The United States has ordered between 42-52 drone strikes in Yemen since 2002.1

No further interaction will be necessary for the player after they receive a fact.

Consequences Delivery System:

1 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/

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When the game has completed, either from elapsed time or a final choice, the player is

shown the consequences of his or her actions. This is presented in a slideshow format similar to

the end of Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas. Information, such as the following, will be shown:

● Whether or not the target(s) was successfully taken out.

● The number of civilians (innocents) that were killed in the strike.

● The number of civilians (innocents) that were injured in the strike.

● The number of children that were killed in the strike.

● The foreign government’s reaction to the strike.

● The local reaction (media) to the strike.

● The terrorist reaction to the strike.

○ Added recruitment.

○ Increased resentment.

○ New attack possibilities.

This display will inform the player of what happens after the end of the game and will be decided

based on the choices the player has selected.

One of the possible slides in the consequences slideshow.

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Assessment:

Pre-Test: Test Knowledge/Opinion about Drone Strike

• Quick pre-test quiz. • Two sections --- First section: True or False --- Sample Questions: ● The number of drone

strikes by the United States in Pakistan since 2004 is greater than 500.

● Children make up less than 10% of the reported number of civilians killed.

● The number of people reported killed in Pakistan resulting from drone strikes is between 2,500 and 3,500.

--- Second Section: Likert Scale --- Sample Questions: ● Drone strikes are, on a

scale of necessary to unnecessary, a tool to combat terrorism.

● Civilian casualties are, on a scale of necessary to unnecessary, consequences of reducing terrorism.

● Negative fallout is, on a scale of acceptable to not acceptable, if the target is successfully taken out.

• Score is not shown.

Post-Test Assess Knowledge/Opinion about drone strikes

• Using the same questions as the pre-test, randomize the order of the true or false questions and see how the player does. • Show the players the score difference between the pre-test and the post-test.

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To see if Bombs Away! is succeeding with its learning goals, the player will be required

to take a quick pre-test and post-test quiz, which is broken up into two sections.

The first section is a True or False section, which contains questions of facts related to

drone strikes. Sample questions include the following (bolded is the correct answer):

● The number of drone strikes by the United States in Pakistan since 2004 is

greater than 500.

True or False

● Children make up less than 10% of the reported number of civilians killed.

True or False

● The number of people reported killed in Pakistan resulting from drone

strikes is between 2,500 and 3,500.

True or False

The second section consists of asking the player his or her opinions about

drone strikes using a Likert scale. Sample questions include the following:

● Drone strikes are, on a scale of necessary to unnecessary, a tool to combat

terrorism.

● Civilian casualties are, on a scale of necessary to unnecessary,

consequences of reducing terrorism.

● Negative fallout is, on a scale of acceptable to not acceptable, if the target

is successfully taken out.

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After the player has successfully completed the pre-test, he or she plays the game. When the

game is complete, the player is asked the same questions in a randomized order. After the player

has completed the post-test, he or she is shown their pre-test scores versus their post-test scores

and are allowed to compare the two tests. It is the hope that Bombs Away!’s players see an

increase in score from the pre-test to the post-test.

Gameflow / Narrative:

Bombs Away! is split into three different sections:

1 Pre-test

In the pre-test, players will be asked a series of true or false questions, in a random order,

regarding facts about drone strikes. In addition to the true or false questions, players will

be asked their opinions on the necessity of drone strikes on a Likert scale of Necessary to

Unnecessary.

2 Game Loop

The game loop will consist of number of steps:

I. Get Dossier.

a Presented with “random” amount of information

i The name, age, gender, known associates, and modus

operandi will given to the player 100% of the time.

ii The rest of the possible information from the dossier

can be read in the “Interactivity” section.

II. Read Dossier.

a. The player can skip reading the information in the dossier. This is

ill advised.

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III. Clock Starts.

a. After the player has finished reading the dossier (or skipped

doing so), the clock starts ticking. Each “strike campaign” lasts for

less than a week in game time. Once the time has started, it cannot

be stopped except by the drone strike fact popups. Different choices

use different amounts of in-game time.

IV. Select Choice.

a. The options are listed within the “Interactivity” section. Each of

these choices takes a given amount of in-game time.

V. Time Elapses.

b Whenever anything is happening within the game loop, time is moving.

VI. Repeat III -V.

When the player has either run out of time, chosen to initiate a strike, or decided to move

on to another target, the player will be shown a slideshow of the consequences of the

actions they have taken. These include, but are not limited to the following:

○ Target(s) taken out.

○ Number of innocents killed (adults/children).

○ Media coverage related to the strike.

○ Opinions on the strike.

○ Foreign government reaction.

○ Terrorist reaction.

3 Post-test

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The post-test will echo the questions of the pre-test in the same format as the pre-test, but

in a randomized order. The player will once again be asked their opinions on the

necessity of drone strikes on a Likert scale. After the player has successfully answered

the questions, they will be informed of their pre-test and post-test score.

Paper Prototype:

In designing and testing the prototype, there were several changes made to the game and

instructional design of the game. First, the fact delivery system came out of a natural evolution of

the game as a complement to the intel. Second, there were several intel changes and ending

clippings that were added, modified, and removed due to the playtesting of the prototype.

Another change that came from the playtesting was the look of the interface. The buttons

changed from a button for wait and for intel, to three buttons for each type of wait and three

buttons for each type of intel. This gave the player a better idea of the options available to them.

The paper prototype was an accurate representation of the game that would give the player

enough of the capabilities of a full software version.

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Appendices:

Appendix A: Sample Game Cards:

S1 Name: Terrance Zdunich - Known Aliases: Graverobber, John Smith - Modus Operandi: Biological Weapons, Arms Trafficking

S2 Current Threat: Act of terror on domestic soil.

S3 Known Location: North City

A1 Agency Intel: "John Smith" has bought a plane ticket for a flight four days away.

A2 Agency Intel: Zdunich is making a trip into the city tomorrow.

A3 - Show Alert 3 Agency Intel: Graverobber is currently at his home.

B1 Agency Intel: "Graverobber" scoped out North City Airport from 08:00-12:00.

B2 - Show Alert 3 Agency Intel: Zdunich visited a virology lab from 12:00 to 14:00.

B3 Agency Intel: Graverobber has been sighted visiting a hospital from 14:00-17:00.

B4 Agency Intel: "John Smith" is currently at his home.

B5 Informant Intel: Zdunich brought a briefcase containing a virus that can be weaponized home from the virology lab.

B6 - Show Alert 3 Agency Intel: "John Smith" had lunch with Boris Dragnov from 12:00-13:00.

B7 - If B2 then C7 Agency Intel: Zdunich visited the airport, a lab, and a hospital today.

C1 Agency Intel: "John Smith" currently at virology lab.

C2 Agency Intel: Zdunich is currently at his home.

C3 Agency Intel: Zdunich has met doctor of virology, Robert Moriarty.

C4 Agency Intel: Graverobber went into the city with a briefcase.

C5 Informant Intel: Virus has been weaponized and has the ability to take out the city's population.

D1 Agency Intel: Zdunich is currently at the airport.

D2 - Needs D1 Agency Intel: A security guard at the airport by the name of Adam Goldberg has the briefcase.

D3 Agency Intel: Graverobber is currently at his home.

D4 Informant Intel: Graverobber's plane takes off at 11:00 Friday.

E1 Agency Intel: Graverobber is currently in the airport.

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E2 Agency Intel: "John Smith's" plane has departed the airport.

Associate - Needs B6 - Takes 8 hours

Associate Intel: Zdunich will spend Thursday smuggling the virus into the airport.

Associate - Needs C3 - Takes 7 hours

Associate Intel: Virus is currently weaponized and can be bypassed with the use of gas masks.

Associate - Needs D2 - Takes 10 hours

Associate Intel: The briefcase is in Goldberg's locker (7331) at the airport.

L1 Airport - Average population: 15, 371 - Supports international flights - Open 24/7

L2 University - 6,143 active students - Leading robotics institute in country - Founded in 1914

L3 Hospital - Contains largest children's cancer ward - Large virology research wing - 1,532 trained medical personnel on staff

L4 Nuclear Reactor - Cold War Era - Still functioning - Powers most of the city

L5 Home - Densely populated apartments - $500 per month rent - Red light district

L6 Orphanage - 261 current orphans - Leading cause of orphaning: Bombs - It's very sad

L7 Lab - Lab specializes in virology - Building contains 2,015 people - Contains dangerous chemicals

L8 Café - Heavy foot traffic - Delicious hot coffee - Known terrorist meeting place

Fact 1 Fact: The United States has ordered 362 known drone strikes in Pakistan since 2004.

Fact 2 Fact: The number of people reported killed in Pakistan since 2004 is between 2,629 and 3,461.

Fact 3 Fact: The number of civilians reported killed in Pakistan since 2004 is between 475 and 891.

Fact 4 Fact: The number of children reported killed in Pakistan since 2004 is 176.

Fact 5 Fact: The number of known United States operations in Yemen since 2002 is between 54-64.

N1 Hospital with children's cancer ward in rubble after drone strike attack

N10 Drone Strike in North City – Are We To Blame?

N11 Confidential: Repeated searchings fail to locate biological weapon

N12 Bright Young Minds Extinguished After Bombing

N13 Known Terrorist Terrance Zdunich Killed During Terror Plot

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N14 Crater Remains Where Country Used To Be After Reactor Explodes

N15 Confidential: Threat neutralized

N16 Apartment Complex of innocent bystanders destroyed by drone strike in attempt to kill terrorist

N17 Hundreds of orphans murdered in bombing

N18 Confidential: 371 killed due to drone strike

N19 Dangerous chemical leak from virology lab – Residents required to evacuate lethal zone

N2 Distraught lone male standing next to destroyed building

N20 Expertly-trained strike team seen in downtown North City – What are they doing?

N21 Confidential: Three Members of Strike Team Killed

N22 Training Mission in foreign airport leads to casualties

N23 Terror Plot Foiled with minimal casualties – Joint effort of nation's intelligence agencies

N24 Terrorist Attack on domestic soil – The Next 9/11?

N25 Confidential: 2.2 million people killed due to biological attack on domestic soil.

N26 Confidential: Briefcase with Biological Weapon Recovered

N27 Unknown Terrorist Kills Millions with Biological Weapon

N3 Picture of orphans crying

N4 Rebuilding Efforts continue six months after devastating drone strike

N5 Confidential: Biological Weapon Not Recovered

N6 Confidential: Zdunich cannot be located

N7 Tens of Thousands Killed Today in Horrific Bombing

N8 Confidential: 17, 293 killed due to drone strike

N9 Whodunit? Drone Strike in North City

Alert - Day 1 - No informant

ALERT: No informants to question.

Alert - Day 2-5 - No informant available

ALERT: Informant currently unavailable.

Alert - No agency intel ALERT: No new intelligence currently available.

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Alert - No associates ALERT: No associates to interrogate.

Alert 1 ALERT: Informant Available from 15:00-20:00.

Alert 2 ALERT: Associates available for interrogation.

Alert 3 ALERT: New location(s) available.

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Appendix B: Sample Game Flow:

Monday

16:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour

17:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour

18:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour

19:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour

20:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour

21:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour

22:00:00 A1, 1 hour A2, 1 hour A3

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Tuesday

10:00 Alert 1

11:00

12:00 B1, 1 hour

13:00 B6, 2 hour, Alert 2 B1, 1 hour

14:00 B6, 2 hour, Alert 2

B2, 1 hour, Alert 3

15:00 B2, 1 hour, Alert 3 B5 (2 hours)

16:00 B5 (2 hours)

17:00 B3, 1 hour B5 (2 hours)

18:00 B3, 1 hour B5 (2 hours)

19:00 B3, 1 hour B5 (2 hours)



22:00 B4, 0 hours, Alert 3

B7, 10 hours

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Wednesday

9:00 Alert 1

10:00

11:00 C1, 1 hour

12:00 C1, 1 hour

13:00 C1, 1 hour

14:00 C1, 1 hour C3, 2 hours, Alert 2

15:00 C3, 2 hours, Alert 2 C5, (2 hours)

16:00 C3, 2 hours, Alert 2 C5, (2 hours)

17:00 C2, 1 hour C5, (2 hours)

18:00 C2, 1 hour C5, (2 hours)

19:00 C2 C5, (2 hours)

20:00

21:00

22:00 C4, 10 hours

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Thursday

9:00 Alert 1

10:00 D1, 2 hours

11:00 D1, 2 hours

12:00 D1, 2 hours

13:00 D1, 2 hours

14:00 D1, 2 hours D2, 3 hours

15:00 D1, 2 hours D2, 3 hours D4 (2 hours)



18:00 D3, 1 hour D4 (2 hours)

19:00 D3, 1 hour D4 (2 hours)

20:00 D3, 1 hour

21:00 D3, 1 hour

22:00 D3 D5, 10 Hours

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Friday

9:00 E1, 1 hour

10:00 E1, 1 hour

11:00 E2, 1 hour

12:00 E2, 1 hour

13:00 E2, 1 hour

14:00 E2, 1 hour

15:00 E2, 1 hour

16:00 E2, 1 hour

17:00 E2, 1 hour

18:00 E2, 1 hour

19:00 E2, 1 hour

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Appendix C: Sample Consequences

Day 1 - Drone - Before 18:00

Day 1 - Strike - Before 18:00

Day 1 - Drone - After 18:00

Day 1 - Strike - After 18:00

Hospital N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10 N5, N6, N20, N21

N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10 N6 N20, N21, N26

Airport N2, N4, N6, N7, N8, N11

N5, N6, N11, N20, N22

N2, N4, N6, N7, N8, N11 N5, N11, N20, N21

University N2, N5, N9, N10, N12, N13

N5, N13, N15, N20, N21, N23

N2, N5, N9, N10, N12

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor N3, N7, N10, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

N3, N7, N10, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home N/A

N2, N3, N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N16, N17

N5, N11, N13, N15, N20, N21, N23

Orphanage N/A N/A

Lab N/A N/A

Cafe N/A N/A

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Day 2 - Drone - 8:00-12:00

Day 2 - Strike - 8:00-12:00

Day 2 - Drone - 12:00-14:00

Day 2 - Strike - 12:00-14:00

Hospital N1, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N15, N20, N21, N26

N1, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N15, N20, N21, N26

Airport

N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15, N23

N5, N13, N15, N20, N21, N22, N23

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

University

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

Orphanage

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Lab N/A N/A

N2, N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15, N19

N5, N13, N15, N19, N20, N21, N23

Cafe N/A N/A N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N5, N13, N15, N20, N21, N23

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Day 2 - Drone - 14:00-17:00

Day 2 - Strike - 14:00-17:00

Day 2 - Drone - 17:00-22:00

Day 2 - Drone - 17:00-22:00

Hospital N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N20, N21, N23, N26

N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N20, N21, N23, N26

Airport N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

University

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N3, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15, N16, N17

N13, N15, N20, N21, N23, N26

Orphanage

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Lab N2, N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N24, N25

Cafe N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

30

Day 3 - Drone - 8:00-11:00

Day 3 - Strike - 8:00-11:00

Day 3 - Drone - 11:00-15:00

Day 3 - Strike - 11:00-15:00


N13, N20, N21, N23, N26

N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N20, N21, N23, N26


N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

University

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home

N2, N3, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15, N16, N17

N13, N15, N20, N21, N23, N26

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

Orphanage

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Lab N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15, N19

N13, N15, N19, N20, N21, N23, N26

Cafe N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

31

Day 3 - Drone - 15:00-22:00

Day 3 - Strike - 15:00-22:00

Day 3 - Drone - 15:00-22:00

Day 3 - Strike - 15:00-22:00


N13, N20, N21, N23, N26

N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N20, N21, N23, N26


N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N22, N24, N25

University

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

Orphanage

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Lab N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

Cafe N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

32

Day 4 - Drone - 8:00-10:00

Day 4 - Strike - 8:00-10:00

Day 4 - Drone - 10:00-18:00

Day 4 - Strike - 10:00-18:00


N13, N20, N21, N23, N26

N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N20, N21, N23, N26


N6, N11, N20, N21, N22

N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N15, N20, N21, N22, N23, N26

University

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N16, N17, N24, N25

N6, N11, N20, N21, N24, N25

Orphanage

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Lab N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

Cafe N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

33

Day 4 - Drone - 18:00-22:00 Day 4 - Strike - 18:00-22:00

Hospital N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15 N13, N20, N21, N23, N26

Airport N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N15 N20, N21, N22, N23, N26

University N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25 N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15 N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

Home

N2, N3, N4, N5, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15, N16, N17, N24, N25, N27

N5, N11, N13, N15, N20, N21, N24, N25, N27

Orphanage N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25 N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

Lab N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19 N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

Cafe N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25 N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

34

Day 5 - Drone - 8:00-11:00

Day 5 - Strike - 8:00-11:00

Day 5 - Drone - 11:00-on


N13, N14, N21, N23, N26

N1, N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

Airport N2, N4, N7, N8, N9, N10, N13, N15

N13, N15, N20, N21, N22, N23, N26

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

University N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25 N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N12, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N7, N9, N10, N12, N13, N14, N15

Home


N5, N11, N13, N15, N20, N21, N24, N25, N27


Orphanage N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25 N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N3, N4, N5, N6, N9, N10, N17, N18, N24, N25

Lab N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25

N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N19

Cafe N2, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25 N5, N6, N20, N24, N25

N2, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N24, N25

35

Day 5 - Strike - 11:00-on Wait

Hospital N13, N14, N21, N23, N26 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

Airport N6, N11, N21, N22, N24, N25 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

University N5, N6, N20, N24, N25 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

Nuclear Reactor N5, N6, N20, N21, N24, N25 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

Home N5, N11, N13, N15, N20, N21, N24, N25, N27 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

Orphanage N5, N6, N20, N24, N25 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

Lab N5, N6, N19, N20, N21, N24, N25 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

Cafe N5, N6, N20, N24, N25 N3, N5, N6, N11, N24, N25

36

Sources:

● http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/

● http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-

dyn/content/article/2010/03/20/AR2010032003343_pf.html

● http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/the-us-and-its-uavs-a-cost-benefit-analysis/

● http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/26/obama-drone-strikes-human-cost

● http://livingunderdrones.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Stanford-NYU-LIVING-

UNDER-DRONES.pdf

● http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-

qaeda.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

● http://fcnl.org/issues/foreign_policy/understanding_drones/

● http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/25/world/europe/un-panel-to-investigate-rise-in-drone-

strikes.html

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