Upload
uncleadolph
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 1/27
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 2/27
Ontario’s Cosmetic Pesticides Ban :
Ontario
Regulation
63/09
April
22,
2009
• Pesticides cannot be used for cosmetic purposes
on lawns, vegetable and ornamental gardens,
patios, driveways, cemeteries, and in parks and
school yards. There are no exceptions…
• >250 pesticide products banned for sale and over
80 pesticide ingredients banned for cosmetic
uses.
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 3/27
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 4/27
No insecticides, no herbicides…
• Lawn care suddenly became difficult!
• Insect control – how…???• No longer spray/broadcast and walk away
•
Requires
a
whole
new
approach
and
mindset• Creating a healthy system rather than curing a
problem – east meets west
• Know the pest, the control options and how to
use them
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 5/27
Changes in lawn care practices
• ‘Preventative’ vs ‘curative’ actions to ensure
success• No silver bullets
– need to consider several approaches
– healthy soil, healthy lawn as a first line of defense
• Managing customer expectations
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 6/27
Understand the enemy(ies)
• White grubs– European chafer
– Japanese beetle
– June bugs
• Chinch bug
• Sod webworm
• Leatherjackets
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 7/27
White grubs
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 8/27
European chafer – Rhizotrogus majalis
European
Chafer –
Egg to adult
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 9/27
Detecting white grubs
• Adult swarms
•Flocks of starlings feeding on the lawn
• Feeding on fibrous roots causes turf to wilt and turn
brown, turf lifts with ease
•
Fold back turf to look for grubs
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 10/27
Chinch bugs
• Piercing‐sucking mouthparts
• Nymphs and adults feed on many lawn grasses
• Often aggregate when feeding
• Feed on the crown and stems of turf grasses
• Damage rapidly evident in hot, dry weather – irregular yellow/brown patches
• Most damage in open, sunny areas, well‐drained soils
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 11/27
Detecting chinch bugs
• Damage
• Direct observation– Adults lay eggs May/June
– Nymphs in early June, adults mid‐July thru’ Aug
– Gently part the base of the grass
– Adults only 4mm long; nymphs bright red
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 12/27
Monitoring
• Floatation method– Fill bucket with water
– Place 10 cm diam plug into bucket– Wait several minutes for chinch bugs to float to the surface; gently agitate to
dislodge insects
– Repeat over lawn adjacent to areas of visible damage, or sample whole area
– ≥10 bugs/sample, damage likely
– Treat area to control bugs in late June‐July
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 13/27
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 14/27
Microbial biocontrol agents
• European chafer, Japanese beetle susceptible to:– Nematodes
– Fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae)
• Chinch bugs:– Naturally infected with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae
– Natural aggregation behavior may promote spread of disease
– Nematodes
•Nematodes– New species adapted to cooler soils?
– Best use practices, combinations
• New fungal products, application protocols
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 15/27
Biological control of white grubs
with nematodes• Optimal time to treat: July/Aug
• Purchase the correct species, as‐needed– Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb nematode)
– Sold under a variety of trade names (Grub Patrol, Nemasys G)
• Refrigerate after purchase until use; limited shelf life
• Ensure sufficient nematodes are applied
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 16/27
Key to successful use of nematodes:
Refrigerate, irrigate, agitate…apply• Ideally, apply when conditions are overcast, early morning or evening
– Nematodes are temperature and uv sensitive
• If the lawn is dry, irrigate (approx 0.5 ‐ 1 inch)
• Prepare and use on the same day:– Add entire contents of a pack to cool, fresh water to re‐hydrate
– Remove any filters in sprayer
– Add to spray tank to obtain correct concentration and rate/unit area
– Apply, agitating constantly– Irrigate again to ‘wash’ nematodes into the soil
• Correct use protocols are key to ensure nematodes are healthy and
sufficient numbers reach the target pest to cause mortality
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 17/27
Research: Natural products tested
against chafer grubs
Product Designation
Neem seed
cake BotanicalNeem seed cake + corn gluten Botanical
Hb (Grub Patrol) 7.5 billion/ha Biological (nematode)
Hb (Grub Patrol) 5.0 billion/ha Biological (nematode)
Hb (experimental) 7.5 billion/ha Biological (nematode)
Hb (experimental) 5.0 billion/ha Biological (nematode)
Met52 granular Biological (fungus ‐ Metarhizium)
Met52 ‘spray’ Biological (fungus)
Met52 spray + Hb (Grub Patrol 5bn/ha) Combination biological/botanical
Merit granules (11.2 g/2m2) Chemical standard
Untreated N/A
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 18/27
Field trials 2010...to date
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
Neem cake + corn gluten
Hb (Grub Patrol) 5bn/ha
Met52 aqueous
Met 52 + Hb (5bn/ha)
Merit (11.2g/2m2)
Untreated
Chafer Grubs/Sample (% of Pr
e‐treatment Count)
Week 0
Week 3
Week 6
Note. These results are
preliminary and do not
represent a recommendation
or endorsement of any specific product tested.
Additional trials are needed
to confirm these findings.
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 19/27
Effects of timing on European chafer
control in
lawn
turf
Mean # Chafer larvae in lawn samples (0.45 sq M )
after treatment with H. bacteriophora
10.5
4.52
7.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
control 1st instar 2nd instar
Data courtesy Deb Henderson, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, BC
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 20/27
Fun in the field 2010
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 21/27
Control of chinch bugs
• Cultural practices, e.g.,– Aeration to reduce compaction
– Removal of thick layers of thatch
– Use of slow‐release fertilizers, etc.
• Grasses with endophytic fungi (fescues, rye grass) will reduce chinch
feeding but are less cold‐tolerant
• Natural predators (rove beetles, ants, spiders), parasites
• Microbials, e.g., nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae ‐ Sc), fungi (B.bassiana, M. anisopliae)
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 22/27
Natural products tested against
chinch
bugs
Product Designation
Neem granules Botanical
Neem WP (spray) Botanical
Met52 granules Biological (fungus)
Met52 spray Biological (fungus)
Sc (Millenium) 250 million/1,000m2 Biological (nematode)
Sc (Millenium) + natural wetting agent Biological + botanical
Essential oil Botanical
Untreated N/A
Note: as no pesticides can be used in urban lawns, no insecticide ‘standard’ was included
in the trials
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 23/27
Chinch bug field trials 2010
0
20
40
6080
100
120
140
M
ean No. Chinch Bugs/4 Soil Cores
0 days
8 days
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Mea
n No. Chinch Bugs/4 Soil Cores
0 days
10 days
Site 1
Site 2Note. These results are preliminary
and do not represent a
recommendation or endorsement
of any specific product tested. Additional trials are needed to
confirm these findings.
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 24/27
Sod webworm, leatherjackets
• Susceptible to nematodes used vs white grubs (Hb) and
chinch bugs (Sc)
• May need to apply later in the season for leatherjackets (Sept‐Oct)
• Healthy lawn = first line of defense
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 25/27
Mycoherbicides
• Sarritor (Sclerotinia minor )
• Selective control of broad leaf weeds
• Phoma (Phoma macrostoma)
• Active vs a wider range of broadleaf weeds incl. thistles
• Original research done in AAFC Saskatchewan
• Commercial development by Scott’s
Corn gluten
• Natural pre‐emergent herbicide
Fiesta
• Chelated iron
And weeds…???
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 26/27
Summary
• The cosmetic pesticide ban has changed the
way we must think about lawn pests• New approaches require a different mindset
•
Understand
the
pest’s
biology
and
the
‘needs’
of the control agents
• Change of mindset by the clients – difficult!
• Encouraging results for a range of new
products
8/7/2019 Bogus Alternatives OntarioPesticideBanBiologicals_and_Botanicals_Dr_Michael_Brownbridge
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bogus-alternatives-ontariopesticidebanbiologicalsandbotanicalsdrmichaelbrownbridge 27/27
Acknowledgements
• Cosmetic Use Pesticide Research and
Innovation (CUPRI) Program
• Agriculture and AgriFood Canada
Growing Forward Program
• AAFC AgriScience Cluster Program
• Ontario Turf Research Foundation
• Taro Saito
• Paul Côté
• L. Patrick Schenck
•
Richard Reed – Dufferin LawnLife• Gerry Brouwer
QUESTIONS?