BODY SYSTEMS REVISION

Y E A R 10 S

P O R T SC I E

N C E

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM• Allows air to travel to our lungs from

body

FUNCTION• Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body

Consists of:• Pharynx• Larynx• Trachea• Lungs

• Bronchus• Bronchiole• Alveoli• Diaphragm

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMInspiration and ExpirationInspiration• Contraction of intercostal muscles• Diaphragm contracts downwards• Increase size of thoracic cavity and lung space• Air pressure in lungs decreased

Expiration• Intercostals and diaphragm relax• Space inside lungs decreases• Air pressure in lungs increased

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM• Tidal Volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled per

breath (600mL male)

• Minute ventilation – volume of air moved into and out of respiratory tract each minute

Minute ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate × tidal volume

At rest, minute ventilation = 12 × 0.5 L = 6.0 L/min

SKELETAL SYSTEM• Bone structure of body

FUNCTION• Movement of body• Support

Two sections:• Axial skeleton- bones of skull, spine, thorax• Appendicular skeleton- bones of upper and lower extremities

SKELETAL SYSTEMTYPES OF BONES• Long bones (eg. Femur)• Short bones (eg. Tarsals)• Flat bones (eg. Sternum)• Irregular bones (eg. Vertebrae)• Sesamoid bones (eg. Patella)• Sutural bones (eg. Skull)

SKELETAL SYSTEMTYPES OF JOINTS• Gliding Joint• Ball and Socket Joint• Pivot Joint• Hinge Joint• Saddle Joint• Condyloid Joint

MUSCULAR SYSTEMFUNCTION• Allow movement to occur

TYPES OF MUSCLES• Smooth- involuntary (eg. Stomach)• Skeletal- voluntary (eg. Quadricep)• Cardiac- involuntary (eg. Heart)

MUSCULAR SYSTEMTypes of movement• Flexion- shortening of muscle• Extension- lengthening of

muscle• Abduction- movement away

from body• Adduction- movement towards

body

MUSCULAR SYSTEM• Supination- outward action of

hand• Pronation- inward action of hand• Eversion- outward action of foot• Inversion- inward action of foot• Dorsi flexion- upward action of

foot• Plantar flexion- downward action

of foot

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM• Transportation of blood throughout the body• Removal of waste products

Consists of:• Heart - (ventricles, atrium, aorta, vena cava,

pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein) • Blood - (RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma)• Blood vessels - (arteries, arterioles, capillaries,

venules, veins)

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

RIGHT ATRIUM → RIGHT VENTRICLE → PULMONARY ARTERY → LUNGS → PULMONARY VEIN → LEFT ATRIUM → LEFT VENTRICLE → LEFT VENTRICLE → AORTA → ARTERIES →

ARTERIOLES → CAPILLARIES → VENULES → VEINS → VENA CAVA