Body Area Networks SystemLocalization in High Frequency

Student: Perzila Arab (42732360)

Supervisor: Prof. Michael Helmich

Outline

• Introduction• Body Area Network• Capsule endoscopy• Localization methods• Radar Technology• Millimeter Wave Identification (MMID)• Summary

Slide 1

Introduction

Aim:Designing and developing a positioning system model to monitor a capsule endoscopy inside a body in high frequency.Frequency work: 60 GHz

Slide 2

60GHz Characteristics

• Operates in an unlicensed band (57−64GHz) with approximately 7GHz bandwidth [1]

• High data rate that makes it suitable for high data rate wireless application (> 1Gbit/s)

• Lower interference due to the high free space loss [2]

• Better frequency reuse in cellular system due to low Inter-Channel and Co-Channel Interference [2]

• Small RF component and antenna • Appropriate for short-range applications

Slide 3

Slide 4

Body Area Network

BAN refers to the technology which carries out the wireless transmission of data between devices located around or implemented in human body.

BAN Applications

Respiration MonitoringECG

Glucose Monitoring

Vital sign Monitoring EMG

Brain Simulation

Disability assistance EEG

PH Monitoring

Capsule EndoscopeMotion Monitoring

Hearing Aid

Medical Application

Slide 5

Slide 6

BAN Applications

EntertainmentGaming

Video Streaming3D Video

Social NetworkingData file Transfer

Sport

Non-Medical Applications

Slide 7

Medical applications requirements[3]

Applications Data Rate BandwidthECG (12 leads) 288 kbps 100-1000 HzECG (6 leads) 71 kbps 100-500 HzEMG 320 kbps 0-10000 HzEEG (12 leads) 43.2 kbps 0-150 HzBlood saturation 16 bps 0-1 HzGlucose monitoring 1600 bps 0-50 HzTemperature 120 bps 0-1 HzMotion sensor 35 kbps 0-500 HzVideo several Mbit/s -

Slide 8

BAN Communication structure[4]

1. Intra-BAN communication:Communication between body sensors or between body sensors and personal devices (PS).

2. Inter-BAN communication:Communications between the PS and APs.

3. Beyond-BAN communication:It has designed for the use in metropolitan area. By this communication the authorized healthcare staff can access to the patients information remotely.

Slide 9

BAN Communication structure

Slide 10

Capsule Endoscopy

Diagnosis of diseases in the small bowl

• Less than 4gm• Takes 2 images per second• 50000 frames in 8 hours exam

Slide 11

Limitations of Capsule Endoscopy[5]

1. Probability of missing an abnormalities in some areas because of rapid transit of the capsule

2. Blurred photos3. Battery life4. Determining the location of abnormalities 5. Capsule can get stuck in small intestine due

to the tumors

Slide 12

Position estimation[6]

Process of estimating the position of a node• Self-positioning: Node position can be estimated by the node itself• Remote-positioning: Node position can be estimated by a central unit that obtains information via the reference nodes• Two-step positioning SchemeSome signal parameters will be extracted from the signals and then the position will be measured according to those parameters.

Slide 13

Signal Parameters in positioning

1. Received Signal Strength (RSS)The distance will be calculated based on, the strength and energy of the signal which is varies by distance.2. Time of Arrival (TOA)The distance will be calculated by measuring the one-way propagation time.3. Angle of Arrival (AOA) It determines the angle between two nodes.

Comparison of Methods

• RSS highly depends on the channel parameter.• In TOA all transmitters and receivers in the

system have to be synchronized.• AOA will be limited by some parameters likes:

as shadowing, multi-path or the directivity of the measuring aperture.

• To location estimation, RSS and TOA need the position of at least 3 reference elements, but AOA requires only 2 references.

Slide 14

Slide 15

Radar

The reflected signal can be collected by the radarreceiver antenna . So, Radar can determine and track the

object.

Slide 16

Radar Functions

• Searching for the object• Target detection• Tracking of the target• Measuring the target position• Measuring the target velocity

Slide 17

Radar Cross Section

It is a measurement that shows the delectability of an object by a radar system. It strongly depends on: [7]

1. Size: The larger object has a greater RCS, so the object can be easily detected.2. Material: Plastic, fiberglass, cloth or wood are less reflective.3. The incident angle: is the angle which the radar beam beat a target. It depends on the shape of target.4. Reflected angle: is the angle which the reflected signal leaves the target and depends on the incident angle.5. Polarization: depends on the position and location of the target.

Slide 18

Millimeter Wave Identification (MMID)

• Same as RFID, it enable wireless non-contact transfer from a tag attached to an object.

• It can be used for remote identification and tracking purposes.

• The ISM band around 60GHz is appropriate for MMID since no license is required.

• Precise accuracy, high data rate and small size of antenna are some advantages of MMID.

Slide 19

MMID applications[8]

• Wireless mass memory• Automotive Radar• Location Sensing

Slide 20

MMID systemMMID system like RFID consists of a reader and a tag (transponder). Three types of tag:1- Passive tag2- Semi-passive tag3- Active tag

Slide 21

Summery

• Body Area Network• Capsule endoscope• Localization methods• Radar Technology• Millimeter Wave Identification (MMID)

References

[1] M. Peter, W. Keusgen, and J.Luo, “A survey on 60 ghz broadband communication: Capability, applications and system design,” in European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference, 2008. EuMIC 2008., Oct. 2008, pp. 1 –4.

[2] M. Luo, Keusgen, W.Kortke, and A.Peter, “A design concept for a 60 ghz wireless in-flight entertainment system,” in IEEE 68thVehicular Technology Conference, 2008. VTC 2008-Fall., Sept. 2008, pp. 1 –5.

[3] B. Latr, B. Braem, I. Moerman, C. Blondia, and P.Demeester” A survey on wireless body area networks”. In Wirel. Netw Jan.2011,pp.1-18.

[4] M.Chen, S.Gonzalez, A.Vasilakos, H.Cao, and V.C.Leung, “Body area networks: A survey,” Mob. Netw. Appl., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 171–193, Apr. 2011.

References

[5] (2012, Jun.) Capsule Endoscopy. [Online]. Available: http://www.medicinenet.com/capsule_endoscopy/page2.htm

[6] S.Gezici,”A Survey on Wireless Position Estimation”,Wirel. Pers. Commun, Feb.2008, pp.263-282

[7] (2012, Jun.) Radar cross section. [Online]. Available:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_cross-section

[8] (2012, Jun.) Wireless Sensing and RFID . [Online]. Availabl:http://www.vtt.fi/files/research/mel/wireless_sensing_slides_short.pdf

Any questions ?