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7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
1/18
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
2/18
w
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
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R A C H lnd
ATIONALITY
Franz
Boas.
o
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
4/18
iM
M
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
5/18
m
R CE
ND
N TION LITY
HEtruggle
hat
s
ow
evastatingurope
has
beendescribed
as
an
unavoidable
war
of
races,snutcome
fhe
nnatehostility
betweeneutonic,
lav,
nd
atineoples,
that
can
never
be
overcome
y
argument
and
eason,
because
t
sdueodeep-seated'racialnstinct. f
this
were
o we
mightdespairofhe
uture
of
man
kind
;
orbeyondthis
conflict
wouldarise
others
with
outend,as
wider
and
closer
nternationalntercourse
develops
andbrings
more
emphatically
nto
onscious
ness
racialdifferences
like
thosebetweenLatin-Amer
ican
and
Anglo-American,
Eastndian
and
European,
Mongol
or
Malay
and
uropean.
f
his
view
ere
correct,
he
so-called
racial
nstinct ould
perpetu
ate
wars
fxtermination
ntil
ne
ace
loneur
vived.
It
s
rue
hatn
ur
own
political
and
ocial
ife
the
eeling
of
acialsolidarityindsstrongexpression
in
ur
behavior
owardsMongol
nd
egro.
t
s
equallytruehatnEuropeheSlavicworldsmoved
to
ts
depths
by
he
Pan-Slavistic
dea;
hat
Germany
has
been
carried
ar
n
a
wave
of
admiration
or
he
excellenceof
thegreatTeutonicrace,
andthat
England
rests
ereneonhe
unshaken
conviction
of
heupe
riorityf
he
nglo-Saxon;
ndet
he
motional
value
of
hese
ideas
does
not
make
clear
theirrational
values.
The
erm
racial
nstinct expresseshedeashat
there
re
efinite,
insurmountable
ntipathies
ased
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
6/18
on
differences
ofappearance,
andhat
certain
ered
itaryental
haracteristics
elong
o
ach
ypef
man.
In
Europe,
he
occurrence
of
oc l
ypes
has
ed
o
the
oncept
fistinct
aces,dentifiedith
ertain
national
groups
:
he
blond
epresenting
heeuton;
theheavy,darkerype,he
Slav;
and
heMediterra
nean,
he
ypical
Spaniardortalian.
On
ccount
fheeculiar
osition
fhe
lond
type,
t
hasbeenpre-eminently
dentifiedwithheo-
called
Aryan
ace.s
is
well
known,
most
of
thelan
guages
of
Europe
are
derived
rom
one
ancient
orm
of
speech,the
parentalAryanlanguage.
lavic,
Teu
tonic,andRomanceanguagesarethe
most
mportant
modern
ivisionsfhisgroupnurope,owhich
Greek,eltic,ithuanian,ndAlbanianlso
belong.
Among
European
anguages,only
Finnishandts
ela
tiveson
he
Baltic,
Magyar,
Turkish,
andBasque,o
not
belong
ohis
extended
group.
ryan
anguages
are
spoken
by
people
of
he
most
diverse
acial
ypes;
nevertheless
hererecientists
ho
ryodentify
the
lond
orth-European
ith
hencienture
Aryan,and
who
claimor
the
race
pre-eminenthered
itarygifts,
becausehepeoplewhoatpresentandn
our
concept
aretheeadersofheworldspeak
Aryan
languages.
Scientific
rooff
hese
ontentionsannot
e
given.
hey
re
ather
ancies
f
orth-European
dreamers,
ased
n
he
omplaisant
ove
f
he
achievements
oftheblondes.
oonehasever
proved
either
hatll
he
Aryansf
he
earliest
imeswere
blondes,orhat
people
speaking
otheranguages
may
not
have
been
blond,
oo;
and
nobody
would
e
able
to
showhat
thegreat
achievements
of
mankind
were
dueoblond
hinkers.
n
he
contrary,
hemen
o
whom
we
arendebtedorthebasicadvanceof
civil-
4
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
7/18
izationbelongohedark-complexionedhumanypes
ofhe
Orient,Greece,and
taly,
andnot
oour
blond
ancestors.
How
deep
and
emotional
a
hold
this
dea
has
nthe
minds
ofome
scientists
ppears
whpn
some
nvesti
gatorsry
o
how
s
hat
hrist
annot
ave
been
a
ewbydescent,
but
musthavebeenanAryan.
THE
GRE TBLOND
RY N
FICTION
Thedea
of
he
reatblondryan,heeaderf
mankind,
s
heesult
f
elf-admiration,
that
mo
tional
hinkersaveriedoustainymaginative
reasoning.
tas
o
oundationnbserved
act.
This,
however,
oes
not
decrease
he
emotional
value
of
he
iction
hat
has
aken
hold
of
minds
wherever
the
Teutonic,
German,
orAnglo-Saxon
type
however
itmaybecalled
prevails.
It
s
nothepre-eminenceof
he
blondealone
hat
appeals
to
the
ancy
in
northwest-European
countries
:
allover
Europe
we
ind
he
deaof
acial
purity,
and
ofheexistencef
certain
eaturesnherentn
ach
race
hat
make
tuperiorollthers;
hile
t
s
assumed
hat
he
mixed,mongrel acesaredoomed
to
permanent
nferiority.his
notion
prevailsamong
ourselvesithqualorce,or
we
hake
our
eads
gravely
ver
he
minous
nflux
finferior aces
from
astern
urope.
nferior
y
eredity?
o.
Socially
ifferent?
es,n
account
ofhe
nviron
mentn
whichhey
have
ived,and
herefore
iffer
ent
rom
ourselves,
and
not
easilysubjectochange
providedhey
reallowed
o
cluster
ogether
ndefi
nitely.
qually
strong
sourearof
he
mongreliza-
tion
of
theAmericanpeople
by
ntermixtures
between
thenorthwest-Europeanand
other
European
ypes.
Scientific
investigation
does
not
ountenance
the
5
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
8/18
assumption
hat
n
any
one
part
ofuropea
people
ofpuredescentor
of
a
pureacial
ype
s
ound,and
careful
nquiry
hasailed
completely
o
evealany
n
feriority
of
mixed
uropean
ypes.
TYPE
AND
CE
DO
NOT
COINCIDE
Inourmaginationhe
oc lacialypesof
Europe
have
been
dentified
with
the
modernnations,
and
thus
the
upposed
ereditary
haracteristics
f
he
aces
havebeen
confused
with
nationalcharacteristics.
n
identification
f
acial
ype,
f
anguage,
nd
of
a
tionalityas
beenmade,
hat
has
ained
nxceed
ingly
strong
holdonour
magination.
n
vain
sober
scientific
hought
has
emonstratedagainst
his
denti
fication;hedeas
oo
irmly
ooted.
venf
t
is
rue
hat
heblondypesoundatpresentre
eminently
mong
eutoniceople,
ts
ot
confined
tothemalone.
mongthe
Finns,Poles,
French,North
Italians,
ot
o
peak
f
he
orth
frican
Berbers
and
he
Kurdsf
estern
sia,
here
re
manyn
dividuals
fhis
ype.
he
eavy-set,arkast-
EuropeanypescommontomanyofheSlaviceo
plesof
eastern
Europe,
to
theGermansof
Austriaand
southern
Germany,
o
he
North
talians,
nd
o
he
French
of
theAlpsand
ofcentralFrance.
he
Medi
terranean
ype
s
pread
idely
ver
pain,
taly,
Greece,
and
he
coast
of
Asia
Minor,
without
egard
to
national
boundaries.
In
western
urope,ypesre
istributed
ntrata
that
ollow
one
anotherrom
north
o
south,
in
he
northhe
blonde,nhecenter
aark,hort-headed
type,nheouth
he
lightly
uilt
Mediterranean
type.
National
boundaries
n
central
Europe on
heother
hand
runnorth
and
south:
and
so
weind
he
north-
6
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
9/18
em
French Belgian Hollander
German
andRussian
tobeabouthesamenype
and
descent;
he
central
French
South
German
Swiss
North
Italian
Austrian
Servian and
central
Russian obellthesame
variety
of
man;andhe
southern
French
o
be
closelyrelated
to
heypes
of
the
easternand
westernMediterranean
re
At
hepresent
moment
theelation
of
German
and
Slav
s
f
rincipal
nterest.
uring
heeriod
f
Teutonicmigrations,n
he
irst
ew
centuries
of
our
era,heSlavssettledn
hewholeegion
rom
which
Teutonic
ribes
had
moved
away.
hey
occupied
he
wholeofwhat
s
noweastern
Germany.
nhe
Mid
dle
Ages,
with
he
growth
of
he
GermanEmpire,
a
slow
backward
movement
set
n.
ermans
settled
as
colonists
n
lavic
erritory,
nd
byegrees
erman
speech
prevailed
over
he
lavic.
n
ermany,
ur
vivals
of
hegradual
processmaybeound
n
a
ew
remote
ocalities
herelavicpeechtillersists.
As
by
contact
with
he
more
advanced
ermans
he
cultural
andeconomic
conditions
oftheSlavimproved,
his
esistanceoermanizationecamereater
nd
greater,
earliest
mong
he
zechs
ndoles,ater
in
he
otherSlavic
groups.
This
processhased
o
he
presentdistribution
of
languages,
whichexpresses
a
ossilization
of
German
colonization
in
the
east,and
illustrates
inamosttrik
ing
way
he
penetration
of
peoples.
oland
and
part
ofussia,lavonicnd
Magyar
erritories,
re
n
terspersedwithsmallGermansettlements,
which
re
the
moresparseand
scattered
thefarthereast
they
are
located,hemore
continuousheearei;hey
ie
o
Germany.
Withhe
ncreasedeconomic
and
culturalstrength
ofhe
Slav,
heGerman
osthis
ability
o
mpose
his
mode
of
life
upon
him,
and
with
ithis
powertoassimi-
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
10/18
late
he
numericallystrongerpeoplents
own
home.
But
y
blood
ll
hesepeople,nomatterwhat
heir
speech,
are
thesame.
n
short,
here
is
no
war
of
races
in
Europe;
for
n
every
ingle
ationality
oncerned
n
he
resent
strugglehevarious
elements
of
he
European
popu-
ationare
epresented,and
rrayed
against
hesame
elementssrouped
ogethernnotherationality.
Theonflict
has
othing
whatever
o
o
ith
acial
descent.
he
o-calledacial
antipathies
are
eelings
that
have
grownpnanotherbasisandhavebeen
given
a
ictitious
acial
nterpretation.
If
we
deny
he
presence
of
acial
contrasts,
t
may
notbeamissosay
a
word
onheacthat
we
may
distinguishithmoreor
ess
uncertainty
ndividuals
that
belong
todistinct
nationalities.
his
commonex
perience
might
eem
ontradictory
o
what
as
been
said
before;
but
we
orm
concepts
of
national
ypes
partly
from
essential
elements
of
theform
ofthe
body,
partly
rom
he
annerisms
f
earing
air
nd
beard,
nd
lso
romhe
haracteristicxpressions
andmotions
of
he
body,hichreeterminedot
so
much
yhereditaryausess
y
abit.
nhe
whole,the
latter
aremore
impressive
thanthe
former;
andamong
thenations
hat
are
concerned
n
hepres
entstruggle,noundamental
traits
of
he
body
occur
thatbelongo
one
o
he
exclusionof
he
others.
Its
clear
hatheermace
s
only
adisguiseof
the
dea
fationality whichaseallyery,ery
littleo
o
withacial
descent;andhathepassions
that
have
been
let
loose
arethose
of
nationalenmities,
notofacialantipathies.
If
community
ofacial
escent
s
nothebasis
of
nationality,stcommunity
of
anguage?
Whene
lance
t
he
ational
spirations
hat
have
characterized
a
large part of
the
nineteenth
8
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
11/18
century,
community
ofanguage
might
segn
o
behe
backgroundof
nationallife.t
touches
the
most
sym
pathetic
hords
nurearts.taliansorked
or
the
overthrow
of
ll
he
small
ocal
and
great
oreign
interests
that
wereopposed
o
the
national
unity
of
ll
Italian-speaking
eople.
ermanatriotstroveor
theederationof
he
German-speakingpeoplenone
empire.hetrugglesnhealkansre
argely
dueo
esire
or
ational
ndependence
ccording
to
he
imits
ofspeech.he
Poles
are
ongingor
re-establishmentf
heirtate
hich
s
o
mbrace
all
hose
of
Polish
tongue.
WITHOUT
THE
BOND
OF
L NGU GE
Stillhisdoes
not
comprise
hewhole
of
ational
ism or
no
essrdents
he
patriotismof
ilingual
Belgiumandofrilingual
Switzerland.ven
here
n
Americaeeehathe
bond
fonguesothe
only
ne.
lsewe
should
eelthat
here
s
no
eason
for
division
between
Canada
and
he
United
States,
and
thatthepoliticaltiesbetween
western
Canadaand
French
uebec
must
e
rtificial.
either
ouldt
bentelligiblehyodernermanyhould
ever
havepursued
the
policy
of
unifying
allGerman-speak
ingpeoples
nurope,
why
sheshould
notcovet
he
largeermanrovincesfustria,nd
hould
a
tiently
witness
he
orcible
Russianization
ofhe
Ger
man
towns
n
he
Baltic
provinces
and
the
Magyariza-
tion
of
theGermans
in
Hungary.
Neither
hebondsf
blood
nor
hoseofanguage
alonemakeanation.t
s
ather
he
community
of
emotional
ifehat
isesrom
ur
very-day
abits,
fromhe
ormsof
our
thoughts,
eelings,andactions,
which
constitute
the
mediumin
whichevery
individual
canunfold
reely
hisactivities.
3
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
12/18
Languageand
nation
are
so
often
identified,
because
weeelhatamong
a
people
hat
uses
he
samean
guageverynean
indhe
widest
ieldornre
stricted
activity.
dded
o
his
s
he
powerful
dea
ofoliticalnity,
hich
mphasizes
henterestsf
theitizen
s
pposed
o
hosefhe
oreigners.
These
beliefs
ombineocreate
ense
of
ational
unity.
evertheless
t
s
perfectly
clear
hat
heres
no
individual,nor
any
group
ofindividuals,thatrepre
sentshe
national
deal.
t
s
ather
anbstraction
based
nhecurrentormsfhought,eeling,nd
action,
an
bstraction
of
high
emotional
value,
hat
isurther
enhanced
by
he
consciousness
of
political
power.
It
is
well
to
bear
in
mind
that
nationality
isnot
neces
sarilyasednunityf
peech;orwhen
he
ame
typeof
ultural
dealsprevails
n
apolyglottal
rea,
inhich
achroup
s
oo
weak
o
give
o
he
n
dividual
aree
field
of
action,
hiscanbeattained
only
by
he
evelopment
f
nion
f
he
ndependent
groups.
hose
who
claimon prioriground
that
there
cannot
be
any
Austrian
patriotism
onaccount
of
he
polyglottalmixturehats
oundn
theempire,
might
do
welloconsiderthatduring
the
past
seventy
years
a
o-ordination
f
he
arious
inguistic
roups
as
slowly
eveloped.gainst
he
ishesfheon
archy,
Hungary
hasgainedtsndependence
of
Ger
man
domination;andduring
heast
ew
decadeshe
Government
of
Austria
itself,
muchagainst
the
clamor
ofhe
Germanelement,hasgiven
due
ecognitiono
thewishesfhe
lavic
population^n
ll
hise
see
he
beginning
of
a
newnationalife,
probably
he
onlyone
hat
can
eado
a
reeunfoldingofhuman
activitynhisegionhat
s
split
p
ike
o
ther
part
of
Europe.
The ttitude
of
Italy
n
hepresentsituationllus
IO
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
13/18
trates
lso
hatheinguisticond
s
othe
nly
source
ofationalaspirations.hile
national
unity
of
hetalian-speaking
eople
s
heir
vowed
im,
those
Italianswho
have
cast
their
lot
with
Switzerland
arewillingly
eft
ohemselves.
n
ther
reas
he
ardorithhich
nity
s
ought
epends
pon
he
historic
ast.
hetalians
nder
ustrian
ulep
pealosttronglyo
he
talianmagination,
nd
Austriaseapingher
eward
orong-continuedp
pression.hisasakenuchtrongold
f
he
Italianind,
hat
herenchncroachments
n
he
west,
nd
azzini's
ondemnation
f
he
hird
Frenchepublic
or
notestoringheost
erritory,
seem
o
have
been
orgotten.
For
he
ulldevelopment
of
his
aculties,
he
ndi
vidualneeds
he
widestpossibleield
n
which
o
ive
andactaccordingo ismodesof
hought
andnner
feeling.ince,nmost
cases,
heopportunitysgiven
amongagroup
hatpossesses
unity
of
speech,weeel
full
sympathy
with
he
ntense
desire
o
hrow
down
the
rtificialarriersf
mall
olitical
nits.
his
process
has
characterized
he
development
of
modern
nations,nd
s
ow
ctive
n
art
f
outheastern
Europe.
When,
owever,
hese
imits
re
overstepped,nd
a
ictitiousacial
rlleged
ational
nits
et
p
that
aso
xistencen
ctualonditions,
he
ree
unfolding
f
owers,
or
hich
e
re
triving,
s
liableoecomenxcuseormbitiousust
or
power.
hen
Francedreamt
of
aunionofallLatin
people
n
aPan-Latinunionunderhereadership,he
legitimate
imitsfatural
evelopment
ere
ost
sightof
or
hesakeofnationalambition.
f
Russia
promotes
an-Slavistic
ropaganda
mong
hei
verse
peoples,
solely
n
he
ground
hat
heSlavs
are
linguistically
elated,
and
assumes
a
ictitious
common
II
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
14/18
racial
origin,
he
actual
usefulness
ofhe
nationalistic
ideasost
sight
of,andtsmade
the
coverorhe
desire
of
expansionof
power.
THEWRONGIDE FNATIONALISM
There
s
nodoubt
hat
he
dea
of
nationality
has
beena
creative
orce,makingpossiblehe
uller
e
velopment
ofndividualpowersywideningheield
ofndividualctivity,ndy
etting
efinite
deals
to
arge
co-operating
masses
;
but
we
eel
with
Fichte
andMazzinihatheoliticalowerf ations
importantnly
hen
he
national
nit
she
carrier
ofdealshatare
of
value
o
mankind.
Together
with
hepositive,
creative
sideof
ation
alism,
here
aseveloped
verywhere
notherne
which
orms
thebasis
of
the
passions
that
are
blinding
the
peopleofurope
o
he
igh
ims
ofhumanity.
Instead
of
seeing
n
each
nation
one
of
he
members
of
mankind
hat
ontributes
n
ts
wn
ayoward
theadvance
of
civilization,
nggressive
ntolerance
of
lltherunitsas
grown
up.
t
strengthened
by
he
nadaptability
f
overnmental
achinery,
whichavors
national
solation.
On
a
argerscaleheconditions
are
epeated
now
thatesshana
century
agoprevented
he
eadyor
mationofmodernnations.henarrow-mindedoc l
interests
f
ities
nd
ther
mall
olitical
nits
e
sisted
unification
or
ederation
on
accountof
he
up
posed
conflicts
between
heir
nterests
and
deals
and
thoseofotherunits
of
comparable
ize.
he
overn
mental
organization
strengthenedheendencyoso
lation,nd
he
navoidable,
ver-present
esire
f
self-preservationfhexistingrdertood
n
he
way
ofamalgamation. Itwasnlyafterong
years
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
15/18
ofgitationnd
f
loody
truggle
hathearger
ideaprevailed.
Thosefs
ho
ecognize
n
heealizationf
national
deals
efinite
dvance
hat
as
enefited
mankind
annot
ail
o
eehat
he
askefores
at
hepresentime
s
epetition
of
herocess
f
nationalization
n
argercale;
not
withaviewo
levellingownllocalifferences,utith
he
avowed
purpose
of
making
them
allsubservethesame
end.
The
ederation
of
nations
s
he
next
necessary,step
in
he
evolution
of
mankind.
Itsheexpansionofhe
undamental
deander
lyingheorganizationofhe
United
tates,
of
wit
zerland,andofGermany.he
weaknessofhemod
erneacemovement
ies
n
his,
hatt
s
notuffi
cientlyclear
and
adicalnts
demand,ortsogical
aim
annot
e
n
rbitration
f
isagreements.
t
must
e
he
ecognition
of
common
ims
of
t
east
all
he
nations
of
European
descent.
he
ime
s
b
viously
not
ipe
or
demanding
an
xpansion
of
his
idea
over
heproductive
members
fhe
on-Euro
peanacesofmankind.
Such
ederationofnations
isnot
a
Utopianidea,
any
morethannationalismwas
century
ago.
nact,he
wholedevelopment
of
mankindshowshat
this
ondi
tion
s
destined
o
ome.
n
he
earliest
periodofo
cial
development,
when
human
beings
ived
n
mall,
scattered
groups,
the
unit
in
which
community
of
inter
est
was
recognized
was
the
small
horde,and
every
out
sider
was
considered
as
specifically
distinct
and
as
an
enemy
who
must
be
killedorhe
sakeof
self-preser
vation.y
slow
degreesthesizeofthe
horde
increased
and
theyormedthemselvesinto
largerunits.
hedis-
/
tinction
betweenthe
membersofthe
tribe
and
theor
eigner
was
o
onger
considered
as
a
pecific
one,
al-
13
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
16/18
\
thoughhe
deaontinuedo
prevail
hattwas
f
foremost
nterest
orotectheellow-tribesman
against
he
oreigner.
Progressas
beenlow,
but
almost
teady,
n
he
direction
of
expanding
the
political
units
romhordes
toribes,
rom
ribeso
small
tates,
confederations,
and
nations.
he
concept
of
heoreigner
as
pe
cifically
istinct
beinghaseen
o
modifiedhat
e
are
beginningo
ee
nhim
a
memberofmankind.
Enlargementf
ircles
f
ssociation,
ndquali
zation
fightsfistinctocalommunities,ave
beeno
onsistently
he
general
endencyf
uman
development,hat
e
may
ookorward
onfidently
to
ts
onsummation.
It
s
obvioushathestandardsof
ethicalconduct
must
e
uite
istinct
setween
hose
hoave
grasped
his
dealnd
hose
hostillbelievenhe
preservationfsolated
ationality
nppositiono
all
others.norderoormaairudgment
ofhe
motives
of
action
of
he
eaders
of
European
nations
atthe
presenttime,weshould
bear
n
mind
hat
in
ll
countrieshetandardsfational
thics,
s
ulti
vated
bymeans
of
national
education,
are
opposed
o
this
wider
view.
evotion
o
he
nation
s
aught
as
the
paramount
duty,andtsnstilledntoheminds
ofheyoungn
uch
aormhatithtgrowsp
and
s
perpetuatedhe
eelingof
ivalry
and
of
os
tility
gainst
ll
ther
nations.
Conditions
n
Europe
are
ntelligible
only
when
we
remember
hatby
education
patriotism
s
surrounded
by
a
halo
ofsanctity,
and
hatnational
self-preserva
tion
s
consideredheirstduty.
Ifourpublic
conscience
s
hardly
strong
enough
o
exactheaithfulerformance
fheerms
f
treaty
nwhich
onlycommercialnterestsare
at
stake,
if
we
are
restrained
with
some
ifficulty
rom
aggres-
14
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
17/18
sion
or
thesake
of
economicadvantage,tis
at
east
intelligible
whya
government
thatseestfye
veryexist
ence
of
he
nation
endangered
should,
n
a
conflict
of
duties,
reluctantlydecidetoset
the
safety
of
thenation
for
which
itis
responsible
higher
than
the
performance
ofa
treatynheritedroma
previousgeneration.
Wemustacknowledgehatnsuch
a
case
he
e
mandsfationalndnternational
uty
reope
lessly
at
variance,
ndwhatineofction
schosen
depends
ponhe
onceptionf
esponsibility
nd
uponhevaluegiven
o
he
preservation
of
national
existence.
NATIONALISMN
MERIC
Sinceurwnolitical
nterest
nhearn
Europeseak,e
tand
aturallyearer
o
he
standpointfnternationaloralsndrenclined
to
misinterprethe
motives
hat
swayhenationsat
war.
e
hould
ot
eceive
urselves.
ts
nly
lack
f
mmediate
nterest
hat
etermines
ur
tti
tude.
wing
our
more
solated
ositionn
he
Western
Hemispherend
o
he
reatize
fur
country,
we
are
not
omuch
exposed
o
heconflicts
betweenurnterests,ealrmaginary,
nd
hose
of
other
nations.
Still
we
areo
less
eager
than
the
nations
of
Europeo
nstil
he
dea
of
hepreponderanceofa
tional
nterest
over
human
nterest
nto
he
minds
of
the
young.
We,
oo each
ather
he
essons
of
ag-
/
gressivenationalism
than
those
of
national
idealism,
ex-/
pansion
rather
thannner
development,he
admiration/
ofwarlike,heroicdeedsather
han
of
he
object
or
whichheyere
performed.
Given
national
on
flict and
the
same
unreasoning
passions
will
sway
our
peoplehatarecarryingEuropeo
hebrinkof
uin.
Those
who
ook
orward
o
he
ederation
of
na-
15
7/25/2019 Boas, Franz - Race and Nationality
18/18
tions
must
workogetheroeach
heirdeals
ohe
young,
o
teach
hatno
nation
has
he
ightoimpose
its
ndividuality
pon
nother
ne,
hat
o
ar
s
justifiablexceptor
heefencefhe
hreatened
integrity
ofourdeals.
16