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Introduction
BMW entered existence as a business entity following a restructuring of the RappMotorenwerke aircraft engine manufacturing firm in 1917. After the end of World
War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft engine production by the terms of
the Versailles Armistice Treaty.[2]
The company consequently shifted to motorcycle
production in 1923 once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted,[3]
followed by
automobiles in 192829.[4][5][6]
The first car which BMW successfully produced and the car which launched BMW
on the road to automobile production was the Dixi, it was based on the Austin 7 and
licensed from the Austin Motor Company in Birmingham, England.
The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel is portrayed by BMW as the
movement of an aircraft propeller, to signify the white blades cutting through the blue
sky an interpretation that BMW adopted for convenience in 1929, twelve years afterthe roundel was created.
[7][8]The emblem evolved from the circular Rapp
Motorenwerke company logo, from which the BMW company grew, combined with
the blue and white colours of the flag of Bavaria, reversed to produce the BMW
roundel. However, the origin of the logo being based on the movement of a propeller
is in dispute, according to an article posted in 2010 by the New York Times, quoting
"At the BMW Museum in Munich, Anne Schmidt-Possiwal, explained that the blue-
and-white company logo did not represent a spinning propeller, but was meant to
show the colours of the Free State of Bavaria."[9][unreliable source?]
BMW's first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled
engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance.[10]
With German
rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines forthe Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the BMW
132 and BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-
flowturbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944-1945-era jet-powered "emergency
fighter", the Heinkel He 162 Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b
version of the world's first jet fighter, the Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines
failed on takeoff, a major setback for the jet fighter program until successful testing
with Junkers engines.[11][12]
By the year 1959, the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a
shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way
of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy
car boom enjoyed so successfully by some of Germany's ex-aircraft manufacturers
such as Messerschmitt andHeinkel. The rights to manufacture the Italian Iso
Isetta were bought; the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form
of BMW's own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the
company get back on its feet. The controlling majority shareholder of the
BMW Aktiengesellschaft since 1959 is the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of
the stock. The rest is in public float.
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BMW acquired the Hans Glas company based in Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. It
was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas' development of the
timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications.[13] Glas vehicles
were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed.
In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California based industrial
design studio DesignworksUSA, which they fully acquired in 1995. In 1994, BMWbought the British Rover Group[14]
(which at the time consisted of the Rover, Land
Rover and MG brands as well as the rights to defunct brands
including Austin and Morris), and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was making
huge losses and BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were
sold to the Phoenix Consortium to form MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over
by Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the rights to build the new Mini, which was
launched in 2001.
Chief designer Chris Bangle announced his departure from BMW in February 2009,
after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years. He was replaced
by Adrian van Hooydonk, Bangle's former right hand man. Bangle was known for his
radical designs such as the 2002 7-Series and the 2002 Z4. In July 2007, theproduction rights for Husqvarna Motorcycles was purchased by BMW for a reported
93 million euros. BMW Motorrad plans to continue operating Husqvarna Motorcycles
as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production activities, as well as
the current workforce, have remained in place at its present location at Varese.
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SWOT Analysis
An Internal and corporate analysis in terms of strength, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats (SWOT) will assist in gaining an understanding of where BMW is currently in
terms of strengths and where improvement is required within the business and what
outside environmental threats it may face as well as what new opportunities are
available to the company in the short and medium term.
STRENGTHS
Diverse ranges of Products
Strong Cash Flow Position
Increase turnover and trading profits
Strong Balance Sheet
World's leading Premium QualityAutomobile Manufacturer
Brand Awareness
Human resources
Capabilities to turn resources into
advantages
OPPORTUNITIES
New Products Innovation & Alliances
Customers demand change to more
comfortable and relevantly cheap cars
Diversification
New Technologies in Automobiles
WEAKNESSES
Perception of High Prices
Customer disinterest
Environmental issues: Pollutions
Buyer sophistication and knowledge
Substitute products or technologies
THREATS
New & existing competition
Volatility in Price of Fuel
New legislations
Consequences of the oil crisis
Economic recession
Market shift to globalization
Takeover bids
Far-East (Japan, Korea, etc.)
Automobile companies expansion
Extremely high competition forcustomers and resources
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Reasons for entry into Indian Market
The luxury segment is puny in India, accounting for no more than
0.03% of the market. Nevertheless, high-end carmakers see it as
crucial to build a presence here due to the market's anticipated growth.
In 2000, only five in every 1,000 Indians owned a car; by 2010, the
number is expected to have risen to 11 per 1,000. By 2010 there could
be 13 million cars on India's already crowded roads, up from just 5
million in 2000.
"We want to benefit from this growth potential, but we also want to
make an active contribution to this growth," said Norbert Reithofer,
chairman of BMW's board of management.
"Chennai has a developed infrastructure and it benefits from having
parts suppliers nearby," added Frank-Peter Arndt, BMW board member
in charge of production.
13 potential production locations were analyzed for setting up the production
plant in India. Chennai was chosen as the most feasible option because of the
following reasons:
Automobile manufacturers
Automotive suppliers
Qualified labor
Cost balance for production location
Infrastructure International Airport, Sea Port, Road Network
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Strategic objective
The BMW Group is the leading provider of premium products and premium
services for individual mobility.
Vision
Uniqueness through diversity, Leadership, taking Risk, courteous
Mission
"To become most successful premium manufacturer in the car industry"
Marketing Strategy
BMW India studied the Indian markets and found it to portray
immense dynamism and this is how BMW formulated its
marketing strategy.
BMW India decided to stand their ground in a fiercely competitive environmentwith new ideas and the strength to promote our new products. In absoluteterms, India cannot compete with other high-volume single markets yet. But,the future belongs to India. If you want to benefit from the dynamics of theIndian market later, you need to act today. This is what they did. They were
prepared to meet the challenges head-on to ensure their company's success.These qualities enabled them to weather stormy conditions and continue toinvest in our future. They were able to anticipate trends and that gave them anedge.
Their strategy has been to embark on an aggressive product offensive withrapid market expansion through greater customer intimacy. They haveaddressed these through competency-enhancement across all levels seekingnew business opportunities. As pioneers in bringing luxurious dealerships to
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India, they set a decisive course by setting up BMW dealerships ofinternational standards across all metros. They have set very high standardsin service quality and customer care in India, which meet the expectations oftheir customers.
And this is exactly how they position themselves to redefine luxury, focusingon individuals, recognizing future challenges, promoting creativity, and beingthe leading supplier of luxury products and services for individual mobility.They always concentrate on their strengths and thus on the
Implementation of the luxury claim which they convey with each of theirvehicles. They do not make compromises. This has been their strategy inIndia, where they currently have 16 BMW dealer facilities. As we embark onthe next phase of our dealer network strategy, BMW India will further expandoperations by establishing its presence in 10 more cities.
Communication, Pricing and Distribution
Most of the BMW communication takes place through print media inmagazines and newspapers. This is supported by communication through TVadvertisements and point of sales promotion. Now days a good company has
a state of the art web portal. BMW websites are highly informative, interactiveand a pleasure to watch. One can get any amount of detailed informationregarding the prices, features, retailers, support services, etc. There arecompany specified retailers and distributors throughout the country who are inconstant touch with the parent and comply implicitly. Dealers also have roundthe clock servicing and repair. BMW also has a used car portal where one canchoose and buy his/her appropriate model.