BlumenthalPresentation

8/8/2019 BlumenthalPresentation

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Leading Global Energy Solutions

Industry Partners

Jeffrey O. Henley (Chair)Mark A. BertelsenDaniel P. BurnhamReece DucaRobert W. Duggan

George W. Holbrook, Jr.John MarrenFredric E. SteckMichael TowbesPhilip H. White

Directors Council

Upcoming Seminars Wednesdays @ 4pm

Nov 03 - Rachel Segalman, UC Berkeley

Nov 17 - John Bowers, UC Santa Barbara

Dec 1 - Marija Ilic, Carnegie Mellon University

Daniel J. BlumenthalDirector, Terabit Optical Ethernet Center

Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering

The UCSB Terabit O ptical Ethernet Center (TOEC)and the Greening of Photonic Technologies


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Daniel J. Blumenthal,Director, Terabit Optical Ethernet Center

Professor, ECEUniversity of California

Santa Barbara, [email protected]

The UCSB Terabit Optical Ethernet

Center (TOEC) and the Greening of

Photonic Technologies


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TOEC Faculty and Founding Affiliates

Daniel J. Blumenthal TOEC DirectorJohn E. Bowers IEE Director

Larry A. Coldren Acting Dean COENadir DagliMark Rodwell

Results Included from Research Supported under DARPA MTO 3R and LASOR programs

#W911NF-04-9-0001, #W911NF-06-1-0019, and #W911NF-05-1-0175, and Gifts from Agilent and Google.

Founding Industrial Affiliates Faculty

D. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency


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Terabit Optical Ethernet Center at

UCSB

Mission Statement:To lead the way in establishing a new roadmap for multiTbps Optical Ethernet

Create new energy efficient photonic integratedtechnologiesCreate a multidisciplinary center of excellence for

technologies to enable the future generations of Terabit

green optical Ethernet transport, switching and

communications

4D. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency


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Terabit Optical Ethernet Center at

UCSB

Address the future need of ubiquitous Ethernetcommunications that will require communications bandwidthsexceeding a Terabit/Sec

The underlying integration technologiesThe underlying transmission and modulation technologiesThe driving architectures and applicationsNew physics, algorithms, control and adaptation techniquesEnhance new intellectual collaborations between University

and Industry and within the University

Encourage new educational development in multidisciplineoptical communications and data communications.



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TOEC Organization and Scope

Collaborations

UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency (IEE)J. E. Bowers (Director)

Terabit Optical Ethernet Center (TOEC)

Blumenthal (Director), Bowers, Coldren,

Dagli, Rodwell

Data Center Center

Fred Chong

(Director)

Materials

Center

FundedProjects

DARPA

iPhod PICO LASOR

Google Agilent RockwellCollins

UCDiscovery

Stanford Clean SlateInstitute- McKeown

InternationalLaboratories andInstitutes

Verizon



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Projected IP Traffic Growth

7

Courtesy G. Epps, Cisco



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Historical Growth of High-End Router Capacity


Courtesy G. Epps, Cisco


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Human Genomics7 EB/yr, 200% CAGR

Clinical Image DB

~1PB

Ave. Files on HD54GB

Physics (LHC)

300 EB/yr

Retail Customer DB

600 TB

Business MedicalPersonal Media Science

HD video projection

12 EB/yr

Social Media

Estimating the Exaflood, Discovery Institute, January 2008Amassing Digital Fortunes, a Digital Storage Study, Consumer Electronic Association, March 2008

Its Raining DataSlide Courtesy Intel



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Billions of New Sources to ComeSlide Courtesy Intel

DigitalSignage

Robotics

Digital SecuritySurveillance

Printers

TransportationTest &

Measurement

NetworkAppliances

WirelessInfrastructure

Routing &Switching

EnterpriseVoIP

Enterprise

Security

IP Services

Military ATM MedicalImaging

GamingAerospace Kiosks

Point of SaleIndustrial PC Thin Client

In-VehicleInfotainment

MedicalPortable

IP Cameras

HomeAutomation

Sensors ResidentialGateway

IP Media

Phones

Factory

Automation

Energy

& UtilitiesControl

Source: Grald Santucci, Head of Unit European Commission DG INFSO 20 Years of ICT Revolution:The Unceasing Grail Quest , March 2009

50+billiondevices.


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Global Data TimelineSlide Courtesy Intel

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1ZB

500EB

1.5ZB

2ZB

Generated dataexceeds global

storage

capacity

A Zetabyte of

data is

generated inone year

Twice as much

data generated

than can be

stored

126 million blogs

234 million websites

1.73 billion web users

90 trillion emails sent

A Flood of Data is being created at a60% growth rate may become more than we can handle!

D. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency 11


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24Hz 48Hz 60Hz 120Hz (3D)

HDR Increase(color depth)

24 48 24 48 24 48 24 48

Today: Full HD

1080p1.19Gbps

2.39Gbps

2.39Gbps

4.78Gbps

2.99Gbps

5.97Gbps

5.97Gbps

11.94Gbps

Tomorrow : Quad HD

2160p4.78Gbps

9.56Gbps

9.56Gbps

19.11Gbps

11.94Gbps

23.89Gbps

23.89Gbps

47.78Gbps

High Dynamic Range3D Displays

Future: Ultra High Definition (4320p, 30bpp, 60Hz) needs 60Gbps!

Photonic links could facilitate better TV experiences

Example: Advanced Video TechnologySlide Courtesy Intel



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Ethernet

Ethernet is the most widely-installed local area network (LAN) and DataCenter technology and is moving into WAN, LH transport.

Named by Robert Metcalfe, Ethernet was originally developed fromAlohanet at Xerox Park

Ethernet can run over any physical layer.

Ethernet is inherently asynchronous with packet sizes ranging from 40Bytes to 1522 Bytes

Gigabit Ethernet common in the DC server interface and laptops. 10-Gigabit Ethernet moving into the DC and used for WAN and LH

transport.40-Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Ethernet compatible with existing 802.3Terabit maps discussed at 2015



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CoreSwitch

Matrix*

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

CoreSwitch

Matrix*

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

Rack Server/Storage

4 x 40 Top-Of-Rack Switch

4 x 10 Gbps =

40Gbps Peak

10Gbps CS Optical Burst

Transceiver10Gbps TORS

Optical Burst

Transceiver

40 x 1 Gbps =40Gbps Sustained

Peak

1Gbps TORS

Electrical Burst

Transceiver

Example of Current DC NetworkArchitecture Fat Tree

All Traffic Routes

through TORSServer Ports Limited to

1Gbps

ServerRa

ck



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Data Center Ethernet Demands



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Rationale for Terabit Optical Ethernet

Commercial Ethernet is rapidly moving to 100Gbps deployment using opticalcoherent technologies Slow for future Terabyte Applications !!!

Data centers are talking this capacity!D. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency


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Historical Fiber Capacity and

TOEC Roadmap

Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks, Ren-Jean Essiambre et. al., JOURNAL

OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 28, NO. 4, FEBRUARY 15, 2010

2020



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Carbon Footprint Contributions of

Information Technologies

18Intel study: Heat Load per ProductFootprintD. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency


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Switching Energy with

Photonics

Invited Paper: JSTQE Special Issue on

Green Photonics, Integrated Photonics

for Low Power Packet Networking,

Scheduled for publication 2011.



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DARPA DODN Program LASOR a

Label Switched Optical Router



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Monolithic Integration

UCSBMOTORSwitch + diagnostic elements

Switch elements

PLSI

S. C. Nicholes, et al.



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LASOR PIC Technologies

An 8x8 InP Monolithic Tunable Optical Router (MOTOR) Packet Forwarding

Chip, S. C. Nicholes, et. al., IEEE JLT, Special Issue on OFC, (2009) (Invited).

M. J. R. Heck et al., Integrated Recirculating Optical Buffers,

in SPIE Photonics West 2010, Proc., CA, 2010.

Optical Buffers MOTOR

Packet Forwarding Chip

CAM All-Photonic Wavelength Converter

Tauke-Pedretti, A., et. al., Separate Absorption and Modulation Mach-Zehnder

Wavelength Converter, Lightwave Technology, Journal of , vol.26, no.1, pp.91-98,

Jan.1, 2008

Vikrant Lal, et. al., Monolithic Wavelength Converters for High-Speed Packet-

Switched Optical Networks, Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal

of , vol.13, no.1, pp.49-57, Jan.-feb. 2007



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Hybrid Silicon Devices

AMPdetector

Micro-ring resonator laser(Liang et al. , GFP2009)

DFB

MLL

Ringlaser

Modulators(H. W. Chen et al. , GFP2009)

MOD

Waveguide detector and amplifier(Park et al.,IEEE PTL,19 , 2007)

FP, ML, DFB, and DBR lasers(Fang et al.,IEEE PTL,20, 2008 )

DBRDigital Tunable Lasers

Kurcveil et al. ISLC 2010


John Bowers group


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0.3V

single armquasi push-pull

-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.00.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

NormalizedTransmission

Applied Voltage (V)

7 mm electrode, =1.55 m

0.3 mCompact Bandstop Filters with SemiconductorOptical Amplifier, Etched Beam Splitters and Total Internal

Reflection Mirrors

1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

Input SOA = 170 mA

Intensity[dBm]

Wavelength [nm]

0 mA

0.5 mA

1.5 mA

2.5 mA

Nadir Daglis groupUltra low drive voltage substrate removedelectro-optic modulators



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SiOxNy waveguides on InP and Si/InP platform

ULLW Fabrication SiOxNy Waveguide Core by Ion Beam Deposition

Higher index than SiO2 smaller footprint and fewer required layersLow-H deposition process critical for low lossUse in-depth materials characterization to identify and eliminate material losses

H bond losses

Rayleigh and other scattering mechanisms

Fabricated on InP for active device integration

iPhoD at UCSB (Blumenthal,Bowers)

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Demonstration Fiber-opticalgyroscope on chip Switched TTD with active/passive components

iPhod = Fiber Like Losses on Chip -> 10x, 100x, 1000x reduction over todays losses

PM: Dr. ScottRodgers, MTOTM: Dr. Bill Jacobs,

SPAWAR


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LASOR System: Power Consumption

Powers are split between optics and electronics for eachlinecard

Power is dominated by electronics for centralcomponents

Total power consumed by router is 110.7W

Linecard 1: 47.2W AWG/Arbiter: 18.3W Linecard 2: 45.2W

Total Power: 110.7W

*Power consumed by synchronizers and buffers includes current drivers and

temperature controllers** Power consumed by wavelength converters includes temperature controllers** ECP and Arbiter powers derived from typical power consumption of FPGA

boards provided by manufacturer data sheet



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How do we get to Terabit Optical Ethernet? 100G standards being commercialized 200G

and 400G are next then onto Terabit

4

1632

12864

2565121024

1 8 16 32 64

Numberbits

perSymbol

84

Higher Speed Ethernet:100 or 40 GbE? Drew Perkins,[email protected]



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Comparison of Modulation

Formats @ 40/100 Gb/s

ModulationFormatPerformance vs.

NRZ

CS-RZ ODB DPSK DQPSK DPSK-RZ DQPSK-RZ Coherent

Pol-muxQPSK

OSNR Sensitivity SlightlyBetter

SlightlyWorse

MuchBetter

SlightlyBetter

MuchBetter

Better Best

CD Tolerance &SpectralEfficiency

SlightlyWorse

MuchBetter

SlightlyBetter

MuchBetter

SlightlyWorse

MuchBetter

Best

PMD Tolerance Better Equivalent SlightlyBetter

MuchBetter

Better MuchBetter

Best

Nonlinear

Tolerance

Better Equivalent Better Equivalent Much

Better

Equivalent Slightly

Worse

Cost &Complexity

SlightlyWorse

Equivalent SlightlyWorse

MuchWorse

Worse MuchWorse

Much

Worse

IEEE JSTQE, Vol. 12, NO. 4, pp. 615-626

PICs28D. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency


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Terabit Ethernet PICs Cost, Power,

Footprint

Terabit Optical Ethernet

Transceiver PIC Vision



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BenefitsTime-domain, coherentpolarization-diverse signal

detection.Highest flexibility in analyzingadvanced modulation formats.Signal integrety test fromtransmitter to receiver input.Leverage of key RF Microwavesignal analysis.Optical constellation

diagram

Eye diagram

I carrier

Eye diagram

Q carrier

Error Vector

Magnitude

High resolution

optical spectrum

Statistic data

Detected bits

www.agilent.com/find/n4391a 30D. J. Blumenthal,Seminar Series UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency


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Optical Coherent ModulationConstellations The Optical Cell Phone!!!

Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks,

Ren-Jean Essiambre et. al., JOURNAL OF

LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 28, NO.

4, FEBRUARY 15, 2010

1024 QAM10 bits/

symbol @

100GHz= 1Tbps 100 Tbps?


TOEC


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PMD distorted Signal at receiver

input CD distorted

signal after 50km

SMF-28 with 900ps/km CD

PMD distorted signal after

1st order PMD measurement

and correction in N4391A

data processing

Constellation after

CD measurement

and correction in

N4391A data

processing



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State of the Art Coherent Integrated

Modulators and Transmitters (integrated Rxdemonstrations use PC to decode not in real time!)



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Summary

TOEC A combination of state of the art University Research, worldleading industry expertise and international collaboration to move theubiquitous Ethernet standard to 1 Tbps and 100 Tbps

Combine a broad range of expertise from materials, to photonic andelectronic leading edge integrated circuits to systems and applications

Build upon success of Ethernet for scalability and backwardscompatibility

Revolutionary breakthroughs needed in PIC technology, optical coherenttechnology and optical network/interconnect as well as computing/network/storage architectures

Power efficiency and green at all levels not an option anymore, is anecessity example is the Alcatel-Lucent GreenTouch Initiative.

Thank You !!!34D. J. Blumenthal,

Documents

BlumenthalPresentation