Blood Groups

ABO

4 possible blood groups in humans

Antigens-proteins that stimulate antibody productions

Antigens-on surface (RBC’s)

Blood types A blood =

B blood =

AB blood =

O blood =

A antigens

B antigens

•A and B antigens

•no antigens

Antibodies

Antibodies against antigens A or B build up in blood plasma after birth & peak at 8-10 yrs

initiated by A & B antigens entering the body via food, bacteria, etc

Antibodies

1. Type A blood = B antibodies

2. Type B blood = A antibodies

3. Type AB blood = no antibodies

4. Type O blood = both A and B antibodies

Antibodies

Agglutination-clumping of RBCs

Antibody attacks the antigen on the RBC’s Occurs with transfusion of incorrect blood types

Agglutination

1. Type A = anti-B antibodies & attacks type B blood

2. Type B = anti-A antibodies & attacks type A blood3. Type AB = no antibodies/receive from any blood group=UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT4. Type O =anti-A and anti-B antibodies/can only receive blood from O UNIVERSAL DONAR

Blood Compatibility

Blood type based on antigens NOT antibodies

Agglutination

Blood Genotypes

Phenotype Possible Genotypes

A IAIA or IAi

B IBIB or IBi

AB IAIB

O ii

B. A Type O women marries a Type AB man. What are the possible blood types of their children??

•♀ ii x ♂ IAIB

i

i

IA IB

IAi IBi

IAi IBi

Genotypic Ratio:

1 IAi : 1 IBi

Phenotypic Ratio:

1 Type A : 1 Type B