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Blood and Plasma. Prof. K. Sivapalan. Composition of the blood. Plasma: Serum + fibrinogen. Cells Red blood cells (erythrocytes) White blood cells (leucocytes). Neurtophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte. Platelets. Physical properties. Color- red. [hemoglobin] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Blood and Plasma
Prof. K. Sivapalan
June 2013 Blood and plasma 2
Composition of the blood.
• Plasma:– Serum + fibrinogen.
• Cells– Red blood cells
(erythrocytes)– White blood cells
(leucocytes).• Neurtophil, eosinophil,
basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte.
– Platelets.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 3
Physical properties.
• Color- red. [hemoglobin]• Osmolality: 290 – 300 m osmol/L.• Osmotic pressure: 5000 mm Hg. [≈7 Atm]• Colloid osmotic pressure [oncotic
pressure] : 25 mm. Hg.• Viscosity: 3 – 4 times that of water.• Specific gravity: 1.050 – 1.060.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 4
Functions of Blood
• Transport of,• Water.• Oxygen.• Nutrients:
• Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, iron, calcium, etc.
• Wastes:– Urea, carbon dioxide, bilirubin, heat, acid.
• Hormones:– Water soluble, – fat soluble.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 5
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD-ctd..
• Microcirculation.• Hemostasis.
– Platelets, fibrinogen and clotting factors.• Immunity.
– Antibodies, white blood cells.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 6
BLOOD VOLUME.
• Blood : 8 % of the body weight.• 80 ml / Kg ± 10 %• Plasma: 5 % of the body weight.•Males 5-6, females 4-5 liters.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 7
Control of Blood Volume.
• Circulatory mechanism• Volume receptor mechanism.• Renin - Angiotensin – Aldesterone
mechanism.• Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 8
Circulatory Mechanism
• Blood volume determines cardiac output.• Cardiac output determines blood pressure.• Blood pressure determines Urine
production.• Urine production determines ECF volume
and blood volume.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 9
Volume Receptor Mechanism.Volume receptors in RA and IVC.
[stimulated by stretch which represents blood volume]
Post. Pituitary through Hypothalamus.
Anti Diuretic Hormone. Collecting ducts in Kidney.
Decreased blood volume.
+ [ ↑ impulses in afferents with volume]
- [ ↓secretion.]
- [Reabsorption of water ↓, ↑Urine out put ]
-
June 2013 Blood and plasma 10
Renin - Angiotensin – Aldesterone Mechanism.
• Renin is secreted by the Juxta Glomerular Cells in response to low sodium in tubule and low blood pressure in afferent arterioles.
• It converts angeotensinogen into angeotensin I which in turn gets converted to angeotensin II.
• Angeotensin stimulates secretion of Aldesteron.• Aldesteron stimulates sodium re-absorption in
distal tubule.• Keeps blood volume due to osmotic force.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 11
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.
• Stretch of the right atrium is determined by venus return which mainly depends on blood volume.
• ANP is secreted by Right Atrium in response to stretch.
• ANP causes Sodium and water loss in urine.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 12
Properties of plasma.
• Straw color.• Volume - 3.5 liters.• High Viscosity.• Osmolality- 290 m Osmols/L• Specific gravity- 1.025.• Coagulability.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 13
Composition of PLASMA.
• Proteins- 7.5 g/100 ml. (dL)– Albumin. 4.5
g.– Globulin. 2.5
g.– Fibrinogen. 0.3 g.– [source: liver, plasma cells.]
• Electrolytes.• Nutrients.• Hormones.• Waste products.
June 2013 Blood and plasma 14
Functions of plasma.
• Fluid exchange.• Maintenance of pH- Buffering.• Transport of substances.• Hemostasis- Clotting.• Immunity.• Reserve of body proteins.