Upload
others
View
5
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Mark O’[email protected]
Blockchain Beyond Bitcoin
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SNIA Legal Notice
The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA unless otherwise noted. Member companies and individual members may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions:
Any slide or slides used must be reproduced in their entirety without modificationThe SNIA must be acknowledged as the source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations.
This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee.Neither the author nor the presenter is an attorney and nothing in this presentation is intended to be, or should be construed as legal advice or an opinion of counsel. If you need legal advice or a legal opinion please contact your attorney.The information presented herein represents the author's personal opinion and current understanding of the relevant issues involved. The author, the presenter, and the SNIA do not assume any responsibility or liability for damages arising out of any reliance on or use of this information.
NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.2
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Abstract – Blockchain Beyond Bitcoin
Blockchain is the name of a new class of distributed application which can coordinate independent operations across multiple machines in an untrusted network and produce a consensus result on both the correctness of the individual operations as well as the order in which the operations were executed. While the most well known use case for blockchain is Bitcoin, the technology itself has many other applications and
implementations and use cases are arising in areas as diverse as international finance, B2B transactions, identity management, domain name registration, and many more. This tutorial will introduce the blockchain family of technologies, will discuss the technical aspects of the implementations and how consensus is achieved despite the lack of trust amongst the machines, will explore how this basic technology can be applied for non-currency related use cases, and will discuss alternative implementations of the technology and their advantages and
disadvantages.
3
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Definitions: Bitcoin vs Blockchain
Digital currencyNo gov’t controlCryptographically secured payments
Ordered list of recordsDistributed ledgerDecentralizedSelf-policing
4
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
How does the bitcoin blockchain work?
5
New tx Is it valid? Create a new block with this and other txs
Try to add it to the chain
If successful, tell other blockchain nodes about the new block
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Why does this work?
• Cryptographically signed (PKI)
• Sent to multiple nodes
• Must reference txswhere money originated
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Why does this work?
• Validate signature• Validate origin txs
• Must reference txswhere money originated
• Validated on multiple nodes
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Why does this work?
• Block hash must match a certain pattern
• ~10 minutes to generate, by varying nonce
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Why does this work?
Other nodes validate:• Txs are valid• Hash matches pattern• Links to final block
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Why all the trouble?
Validate multiple times?10 minute Proof of Work?Designed for a no-trust environment
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
There’s more to life than money
Property deedsArtwork provenanceCar title / ownershipMedical history…
11
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
There’s more than one way
12
Po-tay-to ? Po-tah-to ?
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
What makes a distributed ledger?
Forgery protectionInformation distributionRedundant networkDecentralized networkInternal fraud protection
13
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
An example
Forgery protection - PKIInformation distribution – nodes chatterRedundant network – mining rewardsDecentralized network – mining rewardsInternal fraud protection – Proof of Work
14
+
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
An example
Forgery protection - PKIInformation distribution – nodes chatter – whitelistRedundant network – Interested participantsDecentralized network – Interested participantsInternal fraud protection – Whitelisted nodes
15
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
An example
Forgery protection - PKIInformation distribution – Known node membershipRedundant network – Specific named nodesDecentralized network – Specific named nodesInternal fraud protection – Round robin mining
16
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Proof of Work alternatives
Once there is some trust:Round robinProof of StakeProportional to previously mined blocksPractical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
2/3rds of participants agree
17
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
A world of possibilities
IdentityB2BSmart ContractsDRM
18
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Attribution & Feedback
19
Please send any questions or comments regarding this SNIA Tutorial to [email protected]
The SNIA Education Committee thanks the following Individuals for their contributions to this Tutorial.
Authorship History
Mark O’Connell
Updates:
Additional Contributors
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
How does the Bitcoin blockchain work?
1. Send transaction to blockchain node (x bitcoins to Y)2. Node validates the transaction3. Node groups (ordered) transactions together4. Node “mines” the group
Competing against other miners5. Node broadcasts its results
If another miner got here first, go back to step 2
20
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
How does the Bitcoin blockchain work?
21
Tx 1
Tx 2
Tx 3
Tx 4
Tx 5
…
Tx N-1
Tx N
Hash of block
Hash of prior block
Nonce
Tx aa
Tx ab
Tx ac
Tx ad
Tx ae
…
Tx ay
Tx az
Hash of block
Hash of prior block
Nonce
Tx zkjdaa
Tx zkjdab
Tx zkjdac
Tx zkjdad
Tx zkjdae
…
Tx zkjday
Tx zkjdaz
Hash of block
Hash of prior block
Nonce
Tx new1
Tx new2
Tx new3
Tx new4
Tx new5
…
Tx new N-1
Tx new N
TBD hash of block
Hash of prior block
TBD Nonce
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
How does the Bitcoin blockchain work?
22
Tx 1
Tx 2
Tx 3
Tx 4
Tx 5
…
Tx N-1
Tx N
Hash of block
Hash of prior block
Nonce
Tx aa
Tx ab
Tx ac
Tx ad
Tx ae
…
Tx ay
Tx az
Hash of block
Hash of prior block
Nonce
Tx zkjdaa
Tx zkjdab
Tx zkjdac
Tx zkjdad
Tx zkjdae
…
Tx zkjday
Tx zkjdaz
Hash of block
Hash of prior block
Nonce
…
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.23
New tx Is it valid? Create a new block with this and other txs
Try to add it to the chain
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
How does the bitcoin blockchain work?
24
New tx Is it valid? Create a new block with this and other txs
Try to add it to the chain
If successful, tell other blockchain nodes about the new block
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Large size slide page number is deliberate Easier for audience to follow from handouts
Keep slide-count to amount you can cover in time allottedMaximum 40-45 slides for 60-minute sessionMaximum 30-35 slides for 45-minute sessionTitle, boilerplate (e.g. legal, Attribution & Feedback contents, and ‘separator’ slides don’t count against limitYou may have extra slides in an Appendix (max. of ~30% extra)
3 levels of bullets maximum 4 to 6 Bullets: use 2 column text slideUse www.snia.org scheme colors for hyperlinks
AVOID Moving or resizing the text areaChanging fonts, point sizes or spacing
Use color, bold and italics for emphasis
Tutorial Preparation Guidelines
26
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Tutorial Preparation Guidelines (cont.)Title Slide: List the presentation title, presenter name/company name; if a co -presenter, list name/company name (no email addresses). Always include: Legal, Abstract, and Attribution & Feedback slides (do not delete these slides)
Legal slide is #2 slideAbstract Slide is #3: View the sample abstract in “SNIA Tutorial Preparation Guidelines” presentation and modify your abstract to fit that format. Attribution & Feedback (authorship history & contributors) is the final slide before any appendix
Please try to stay with template colors in case re-coloration is necessary. For information on approved colors, view https://members.snia.org/members/Style%20Guide_07.pdf
Run spell check when doneChoose Tools, Spelling in Powerpoint 97-2003Choose Review, Spelling in Powerpoint 2007
Save your presentation as a Powerpoint 2007.pptx presentation file Refer to the FAQ for SNIA Tutorials “General Information” at http://www.snia.org/education/tutorials/faq/
27
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Graphics
28
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Graphics
29
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Graphics
30
Blockchain Beyond BitcoinApproved SNIA Tutorial © 2017 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Use this icon to refer to other SNIA Tutorials where applicable
31
Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Enter Tutorial Title Here
Refer to Other Tutorials