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Bleach Exposure in Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Child Care Settings: Strategies for Elimination or Strategies for Elimination or Reduction Reduction

Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

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Page 1: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Bleach Exposure in Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings:  Child Care Settings:  

Strategies for Elimination or Strategies for Elimination or ReductionReduction

Page 2: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

OutlineOutline

Work‐Related & Childhood Asthma

Asthma Basics

Infection Control

Options for Maintaining Compliance 

with CA CCL Regulations 

What You Can Do

Page 3: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Work Related Asthma (WRA)Work Related Asthma (WRA)

Asthma that is newly developed or worsens Asthma that is newly developed or worsens 

(is exacerbated) from exposures at work.(is exacerbated) from exposures at work.

People who never had asthma can develop respiratory symptoms from small amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach.

On‐the‐job exposures may result in lifetime breathing problems or asthma.

Importance: child care workers spray bleach frequently throughout the day. 

Page 4: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Who is at risk for asthma Who is at risk for asthma in child care settings?in child care settings?

Page 5: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

WRA Studies WRA Studies 

WRA associated with exposure to bleachWRA associated with exposure to bleach11

Statewide: 60% new‐onset asthma

WRA associated withWRA associated with exposure to cleaning exposure to cleaning productsproducts22

Statewide: 10% WRA casesNationwide: 72% new‐onset asthma

In educational In educational settingssettings33

Cleaning staff are at the highest riskPotentially at risk:Teachers and teachers’ aides 

1 1 Unpublished Data, 1993Unpublished Data, 1993‐‐present, California Department of Public Health, present, California Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Branch, WorkOccupational Health Branch, Work‐‐related Asthma Prevention Programrelated Asthma Prevention Program

2  2  RosenmanRosenman KD, et al.  2003KD, et al.  20033 3 MazurekMazurek JM, et al 2008JM, et al 2008

Page 6: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Childhood AsthmaChildhood Asthma

Cleaning products = environmental triggersCleaning products = environmental triggerschildren have a higher breathing rate than adultslungs are still developing 

Asthma isAsthma isleading chronic illness among children and youth in USleading cause of children’s hospitalizationsone of the leading causes of school absenteeism

In San Francisco*In San Francisco*26.2% of children aged 5‐17 years old diagnosed with asthma 

**California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Lifetime Asthma PrevaCalifornia Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Lifetime Asthma Prevalence. 2007.  lence. 2007.  Cited by the San Francisco Asthma Task Force Community Action toCited by the San Francisco Asthma Task Force Community Action to Fight Asthma (Fight Asthma (CAFACAFA) Report to the Community on Asthma, 2008.) Report to the Community on Asthma, 2008.

Page 7: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

California Child Care Licensing and BleachCalifornia Child Care Licensing and Bleach

Bleach is widely used in child care settings to meet Bleach is widely used in child care settings to meet 

Child Care Licensing Regulations for infection controlChild Care Licensing Regulations for infection control

Trade‐offs for infection control in child careBleach has been associated with work‐related asthma

Child care workers and children in their care are exposed to a known risk factor for asthma frequently throughout the day on a daily basis

Page 8: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Asthma BasicsAsthma Basics

Page 9: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

SignsSigns ofof AsthmaAsthma

Physical Symptoms: Warning SignsPhysical Symptoms: Warning Signs

• Coughing

• Wheezing

• Trouble breathing    

• Long‐lasting head colds

• Dry itchy skin, rash, or eczema

• Loss of appetite

• Stomach ache

• Cranky and tired

• Not sleeping well

• Playing less than usual

• Difficulty feeding 

(poor sucking, grunting sounds)

Page 10: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

TriggersTriggers ofof AsthmaAsthma

Pets Pests Pollen Mold and mildewHouse dust Wood smoke/tobacco smokeSome cleaning products 

Chemical contentAerosol SpraysFragrances

Perfumes Weather changes

Page 11: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Infection ControlInfection Control

Page 12: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

CA Child Care Licensing RequirementsCA Child Care Licensing Requirements

Classroom Surface How OftenInfant/Toddler Classrooms:

Diaper Changing Areas **

Potty Training Chairs **

Napping Equipment ********

Mouthed Objects (Including Toys) *** *** Disinfect

Hard Non Porous, 

Non‐Food Contact Surfaces Infant/Toddler/

Classrooms with Mildly Ill Children:

Sinks ****

Floors ******

Walls/Partitions **** **** 

** After each use  

** ** After each use if soiled  

****** Daily  

********Weekly

SanitizeFood Contact Surfaces

All Classrooms:

Snack/Meal Table **

High Chairs **

Dishes/Utensils, Cups **

SanitizeNon‐ Food Contact Surfaces

Infant/Toddler Classrooms:

Disposable diaper containers ******

** After each use

****** Daily

Page 13: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Why sanitize and Why sanitize and 

disinfect?disinfect?

• Infection Control

• Reduce the spread of infectious diseases

• Infectious people may be asymptomatic

Page 15: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Delivery of Infectious DiseasesDelivery of Infectious Diseases

Human wasteUrine

Feces

Body fluidsSaliva

Blood

Nasal Discharge

Eye Discharge

Injury or Tissue Discharge

Page 16: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Products Used in Child Care to Products Used in Child Care to Maintain Infection ControlMaintain Infection Control

Page 17: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Common Products Used in Child Care Common Products Used in Child Care and Potential Health Risksand Potential Health Risks

Active Ingredients

Quaternary Ammonia

Compounds

CancerLiver damage/cancerRed blood cell damage 

resulting in anemiaImpaired fertility

Toxic for reproductionand development

Developmentand 

exacerbation of asthma

Active Ingredient

Ethylene Glycol Butyl 

Ether (2‐Butoxyethanol)

Page 18: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

ThymolThymol

Thymol has been added to the list of asthmagens (known to cause or exacerbate asthma),maintained by the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics, as of 12/2010

Products containing thymol: Seventh Generation Multi‐Surface DisinfectantBenefect® Botanical DisinfectantSol‐U‐Guard Botanical® (Melaleuca)

Page 19: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Antibacterial SoapAntibacterial Soap

Active Ingredient

Triclosan

No additional benefits using antibacterial soap containing 

triclosan.

May enable the spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.

May mimic hormones resulting in1) reproductive harm

2) developmental effects on the nervous 

and endocrine systems.

Page 20: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Most Widely Used Product in Child Care:Most Widely Used Product in Child Care:BleachBleach

Causes IRREVERSIBLE

Eye Damage &

Skin Burns

Causes IRREVERSIBLE

Eye Damage &

Skin Burns

Page 21: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Top Three Concerns About BleachTop Three Concerns About Bleach

1) Irritates the skin and nose and makes

providers feel allergic

2) Gives providers headaches

3) Damages clothing

Page 22: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Options to Maintain Compliance with Options to Maintain Compliance with Sanitizing and Disinfecting RegulationsSanitizing and Disinfecting Regulations

Page 23: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Sanitizing and DisinfectingSanitizing and Disinfecting

SanitizeSanitizeReduce microorganisms Kill  rate: 99.9%

Snack/Meal Tables

High Chairs

Dishes/Utensils

Cups

DisinfectDisinfectDestroy/Inactivate microorganisms

Kill rate: 99.99%

Diaper Changing Tables

Potty Chairs/Toilets

Sinks

Floors 

Walls/Partitions

Cribs and Cots

Toys

Page 24: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Option 1: Use BleachOption 1: Use Bleach‐‐Free Sanitizers Free Sanitizers and Disinfectantsand Disinfectants

Page 25: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Are BleachAre Bleach‐‐Free Products Compliant?Free Products Compliant?

““Commercial disinfecting solutions, including oneCommercial disinfecting solutions, including one‐‐step step cleaning/disinfecting solutions, may be used cleaning/disinfecting solutions, may be used in accordance with in accordance with label directionslabel directions..””

‐‐CA Child Care LicensingCA Child Care Licensing

All sanitizers or disinfectants must be registered with the USEPAll sanitizers or disinfectants must be registered with the USEPA.A.NOTE:NOTE: Sanitizers for use in child care settings should be registered Sanitizers for use in child care settings should be registered as as ““food food contact sanitizers.contact sanitizers.””

Page 26: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

How Were the Products Chosen?How Were the Products Chosen?

Compliant

Ease of UseNot Known to 

Cause Or Exacerbate 

Asthma

Page 27: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

BleachBleach‐‐Free Disinfectant for Classroom UseFree Disinfectant for Classroom UseOxivirOxivir TBTB™™

Active ingredient: Accelerated Hydrogen PeroxideReady‐to‐use disinfectant for hard, nonporous surfaces(Diaper changing tables, toilets, sinks, activity tables)

1) Pre‐clean using diluted triclosan‐free soap

2) Leave surface wet: 1 minute contact time

3) Wipe dry or air dry

NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use on food surfaces.NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use on food surfaces.

Page 28: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

BleachBleach‐‐Free FoodFree Food‐‐Contact SanitizerContact SanitizerionatorEXPionatorEXP™™

Sanitizing device that is also used to pre‐clean.  Uses tap water only!

1) Pre‐clean with a first pass step, wipe excess water

2) Sanitize  by spraying surfaces continuously for six‐seconds 

3) Remove excess water, wipe dry or air dry

NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use as a disinfectant.NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use as a disinfectant.

Page 29: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

BleachBleach‐‐Free FoodFree Food‐‐Contact Sanitizer:Contact Sanitizer:ProPro‐‐SanSan®® LL

Active ingredient: Citric AcidReady‐to‐use sanitizer for hard, nonporous food contact surfaces

(Meal/snack tables, high chair tables)

1) Pre‐clean using diluted triclosan‐free soap

2) Leave surface wet: 1 minute contact time

3) Wipe dry or air dry

NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use as a disinfectant.NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use as a disinfectant.

Page 30: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

BleachBleach‐‐Free Sanitizer & Disinfectant for Custodial UseFree Sanitizer & Disinfectant for Custodial UseAlpha HPAlpha HP®

Active ingredient: Accelerated Hydrogen PeroxideReady‐to‐use disinfectant or non‐food contact sanitizer for hard, nonporous surfaces

(Diaper changing tables, toilets, sinks, activity tables, floors)Ready‐to‐dilute using a utility sink

No pre‐cleaning required.

1) Dilute to sanitizing/disinfecting level

2) Leave surface wet: 10 minutes contact time

3) Wipe dry or air dry

NOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use on foodNOTE: Not registered with the USEPA for use on food‐‐contact surfaces.contact surfaces.

Page 31: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Product Use Surface

Oxivir® TBDisinfect

Hard Non Porous, 

Non‐Food Contact Surfaces

Diaper Changing Tables

Potty Training Chairs 

Cots/Cribs 

Mouthed Objects (Including Toys)

Sinks 

Walls/Partitions

Alpha HP®

Sanitize &

DisinfectHard Non Porous, 

Non‐Food Contact Surfaces

Sanitize 

Floors (Pre‐K, Hallways)

Disinfect 

Diaper Changing Tables

Potty Training Chairs 

Cots/Cribs 

Sinks

Walls/Partitions

Floors (Infant/Toddler )

ionatorEXPTM/ Pro‐San® L 

Pre‐CleanAny Surface

SanitizeFood Contact Surfaces

Food Contact Surfaces

Snack/Meal Table

High Chairs

Dishes/Utensils

Cups

Page 32: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Option 2: Use Bleach ProperlyOption 2: Use Bleach Properly

Page 33: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Dilute BleachDilute Bleach

When: Daily

Personal Protective Equipment

Fragrance‐free bleach containing 6% Sodium Hypochlorite

What to Use:

Quart‐size bottles (32 ounces)

HowTo Dilute:

Prepare two separate dilutions:Disinfecting level and sanitizing level

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Dilution for Sanitizing Food Contact SurfacesDilution for Sanitizing Food Contact Surfaces

1 Quart = 32 ounces1 Quart = 32 ouncesWaterWater

~1 Teaspoon = 0.125 ounces~1 Teaspoon = 0.125 ouncesBleachBleach

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Dilution For Disinfecting Body Fluid SpillsDilution For Disinfecting Body Fluid Spills

6 Tablespoons = 3 ouncesBleach

66

Dilution for Disinfecting Hard Nonporous SurfacesDilution for Disinfecting Hard Nonporous Surfaces

1 Tablespoon = 0.5 ounces1 Tablespoon = 0.5 ouncesBleachBleach

1 Quart = 32 ounces1 Quart = 32 ouncesWaterWater

1 Quart = 32 ounces1 Quart = 32 ouncesWaterWater

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Practical Tools for Bleach UsePractical Tools for Bleach Use

No metal calibrated dispensing pumps

Quart‐size bottles (32 ounces)

Digital timers

Protective eyewear

Funnels

Instructional placards

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Proper Use of BleachProper Use of Bleach

Step 1: Pre‐clean using diluted triclosan‐free soap

Step 2: Apply bleach solutionby spraying away from the breathing zonewhen children are in another area

Step 3: Leave the surface wet Appropriate contact time (specified on the label)2 Minutes for Bleach

Step 4: Rinse* and Wipe dry*When disinfecting 

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What Can You Do in Your What Can You Do in Your Center or Classroom?Center or Classroom?

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Simple Steps to Reduce Overexposure and Simple Steps to Reduce Overexposure and Ensure Proper PracticeEnsure Proper Practice

1) Purge your center or classroom of extra products.If using bleach, only one product is needed since bleach satisfies all requirements of Child Care Licensing.

2) Perform internal quarterly assessments within your center or classrooms that would inform training needs.

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3) Raise Awareness Through Training & 3) Raise Awareness Through Training & Create an Open DialogueCreate an Open Dialogue

For Who?Managers

Teachers, aides, floaters, substitutes

On‐site health advocates

Parents

When?In‐services

Staff meetings

Meetings with parents

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3) Raise Awareness Through Training & 3) Raise Awareness Through Training & Create an Open Dialogue (continued)Create an Open Dialogue (continued)

What Topics?Asthma: symptoms and triggers

Infection control

Potential risks to chemicals in household products

Proper practices

Acceptable products for use in the classroom

How to provide continued support?Provide updates for substitutes, floaters and new teachers

Provide suggestions to set up classroom environments 

to ensure reduced exposure

Use hands‐on training 

Encourage co‐workers and parents to sustain best practices

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5) Minimize Products Purchased5) Minimize Products Purchased

Center Status

Products Used By # of Products Needed Products

Classroom 3

1

2

Bleach‐Free

Custodial servicesSanitizer & Disinfectant: Alpha HP®

Bleach Classroom and Custodial services

1) Triclosan‐free soap

2) Sanitizer: ionatorEXPTMor Pro‐San® L 

3) Disinfectant: Oxivir® TB

1) Triclosan‐free soap

2) Sanitizer & Disinfectant: Fragrance‐free bleach containing  6.0% Sodium Hypochlorite 

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ConclusionConclusionKnow your environment and your co‐workers

Environmental triggers

Ingredients of products

Practices that enable overexposure

Minimize exposurePractical tools

Proper use of bleach

Safer products for asthma

Educate and disseminateStaff

Parents

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ResourcesResourcesSan Francisco Asthma Task ForceGeneral sitehttp://www.sfgov/asthmaReducing Overuse of Bleach Projecthttp://www.sfgov3.org/index.aspx?page=721

Regional Asthma Management & Prevention (RAMP)http://www.rampasthma.org/

San Francisco Child Care Planning and Advisory Council (CPAC)http://sfcpac.org/resources.html

California Department of Public Health, Work‐Related Asthma Prevention Programwww.cdph.ca.gov/programs/ohsep/Pages/Asthma.aspx

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ContactsContacts

Karen Cohn, MS, CIH, Program ManagerKaren Cohn, MS, CIH, Program Manager

(415) 252(415) 252‐‐3898 3898 

[email protected]@sfdph.org

Luz Agana, Project CoordinatorLuz Agana, Project Coordinator

(415) 252(415) 252‐‐39583958

[email protected]@sfdph.org

Children's Environmental Health PromotionChildren's Environmental Health PromotionEnvironmental Health SectionEnvironmental Health Section

San Francisco Department of PublicSan Francisco Department of Public HealthHealth

Page 46: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns
Page 47: Bleach Exposure in Child Care Settings: Strategies for ...What You Can Do. Work Related Asthma (WRA) ... amounts of chemicals in cleaning products such as bleach. ... Top Three Concerns

Cost as of August 2010Cost as of August 2010

ProductDistribut

or1‐25 Cases/

Units26‐50 Cases/

Units

51‐100 Cases/Units

100‐500 Cases/Units

Alpha HP®

1 case= 2 x 1.5L$62 $57 $47 $42

Oxivir TB™1 case= 12 x 32oz.

$58 $53 $43 $40

ionatorEXPTM

1 unit/each

Laguna GreenWorks

$305 $289

Pro‐San® L Ready‐to‐use spray1 case= 12 x 1Qt. bottles

$57 $92 $73 ‐

Microcide, Inc.Pro‐San® L 

Ready‐to‐dilute pouches 1 case= 100 pouches (1  pouch per 32 oz.)

$325 $293 $263 ‐

Disinfecting Bleach Pump

‐ ‐ ‐ ~$7min. order $500

Sanitizing Bleach Pump

‐ ‐ ‐ ~$1min. order $500

ReikePackaging Systems

WaxieSanitary Supply