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Level RedThe cover shows the Colorado
River in the Grand Canyon.
It is the primary river of the
American Southwest. This
forked lightning bolt shows a
large static discharge between
the dark clouds and the ground.
This red-eyed tree frog can be
found in rain forests in South
and Central America, and as far
north as Mexico.
Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 978-0-07-877806-3MHID: 0-07-877806-9
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The Nature of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Chapter 1 The Nature of Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Chapter 2 Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Chapter 3 Matter and Its Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Chapter 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Interactions of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Chapter 5 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Chapter 6 Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Chapter 8 Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Earth’s Changing Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Chapter 10 Forces Shaping Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Chapter 12 The Atmosphere in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Chapter 13 Oceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Beyond Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404Chapter 14 Exploring Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406Chapter 15 The Solar System and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Life’s Diversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472Chapter 16 Cells—The Units of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Chapter 17 Invertebrate Animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496Chapter 18 Vertebrate Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528Chapter 19 The Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558Chapter 20 The Role of Genes in Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588
Life and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614Chapter 21 Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616Chapter 22 Earth’s Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
ContentsIn Brief
Contents In Brief
CONTENT
Alton J. Banks, PhDDirector of the Faculty Center
for Teaching and LearningNorth Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC
Jack CooperEnnis High School
Ennis, TX
Sandra K. Enger, PhDAssociate Director,Associate Professor
UAH Institute for Science EducationHuntsville, AL
David G. Haase, PhDNorth Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC
Michael A. Hoggarth, PhDDepartment of Life and
Earth SciencesOtterbein CollegeWesterville, OH
Jerome A. Jackson, PhDWhitaker Eminent Scholar in Science
Program DirectorCenter for Science, Mathematics,
and Technology EducationFlorida Gulf Coast University
Fort Meyers, FL
William C. Keel, PhDDepartment of Physics
and AstronomyUniversity of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, AL
Linda McGawScience Program Coordinator
Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc.Dallas, TX
Madelaine MeekPhysics Consultant Editor
Lebanon, OH
Robert NiersteScience Department Head
Hendrick Middle School, Plano ISDPlano, TX
Connie Rizzo, MD, PhDDepatment of Science/Math
Marymount Manhattan CollegeNew York, NY
iv
Authors
Series Consultants
Education DivisionWashington, D.C.
Alton BiggsRetired Biology Teacher
Allen High SchoolAllen, TX
Lucy Daniel, PhDTeacher/Consultant
Rutherford County SchoolsRutherfordton, NC
Ralph M. Feather Jr., PhDAssistant Professor
Department of Educational Studiesand Secondary Education
Bloomsburg UniversityBloomsburg, PA
Edward OrtlebScience Consultant
St. Louis, MO
Susan Leach SnyderRetired Teacher, Consultant
Jones Middle SchoolUpper Arlington, OH
Dinah ZikeEducational Consultant
Dinah-Might Activities, Inc.San Antonio, TX
Dominic Salinas, PhDMiddle School Science Supervisor
Caddo Parish SchoolsShreveport, LA
Cheryl WistromSt. Joseph’s College
Rensselaer, IN
Carl Zorn, PhDStaff Scientist
Jefferson Laboratory Newport News, VA
MATH
Michael Hopper, DEngManager of Aircraft Certification
L-3 CommunicationsGreenville, TX
Teri Willard, EdDMathematics Curriculum Writer
Belgrade, MT
READING
Elizabeth BabichSpecial Education TeacherMashpee Public Schools
Mashpee, MA
Barry BartoSpecial Education Teacher
John F. Kennedy ElementaryManistee, MI
Carol A. Senf, PhDSchool of Literature,
Communication, and CultureGeorgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA
Rachel Swaters-KissingerScience Teacher
John Boise Middle SchoolWarsaw, MO
SAFETY
Aileen Duc, PhDScience 8 Teacher
Hendrick Middle School, Plano ISDPlano, TX
Sandra West, PhDDepartment of Biology
Texas State University-San MarcosSan Marcos, TX
ACTIVITY TESTERS
Nerma Coats HendersonPickerington Lakeview Jr. High
SchoolPickerington, OH
Mary Helen Mariscal-CholkaWilliam D. Slider Middle School
El Paso, TX
Science Kit and BorealLaboratoriesTonawanda, NY
Deidre AdamsWest Vigo Middle School
West Terre Haute, IN
Sharla AdamsIPC Teacher
Allen High SchoolAllen, TX
Maureen BarrettThomas E. Harrington Middle School
Mt. Laurel, NJ
John BarrySeeger Jr.-Sr. High School
West Lebanon, IN
Desiree BishopEnvironmental Studies CenterMobile County Public Schools
Mobile, AL
William BlairRetired Teacher
J. Marshall Middle SchoolBillerica, MA
Tom BrightConcord High School
Charlotte, NC
Lois BurdetteGreen Bank Elementary-Middle
SchoolGreen Bank, WV
Marcia ChackanPine Crest School
Boca Raton, FL
Obioma ChukwuJ.H. Rose High School
Greenville, NC
Karen CurryEast Wake Middle School
Raleigh, NC Merrilville, IN
Joanne DavisMurphy High School
Murphy, NC
Robin DillonHanover Central High School
Cedar Lake, IN
v
Reviewers
vi
Anthony J. DiSipio, Jr.8th Grade Science
Octorana Middle SchoolAtglen, PA
Sandra EverhartDauphin/Enterprise Jr. High Schools
Enterprise, AL
Mary FerneauWestview Middle School
Goose Creek, SC
Cory FishBurkholder Middle School
Henderson, NV
Linda V. ForsythRetired Teacher
Merrill Middle SchoolDenver, CO
George GabbGreat Bridge Middle SchoolChesapeake Public Schools
Chesapeake, VA
Annette D’Urso GarciaKearney Middle School
Commerce City, CO
Nerma Coats HendersonPickerington Lakeview Jr.
High SchoolPickerington, OH
Lynne HuskeyChase Middle School
Forest City, NC
Maria E. KellyPrincipal
Nativity SchoolCatholic Diocese of Arlington
Burke, VA
Michael MansourBoard Member
National Middle Level ScienceTeacher’s Association
John Page Middle SchoolMadison Heights, MI
Mary Helen Mariscal-CholkaWilliam D. Slider Middle School
El Paso, TX
Michelle MazeikaWhiting Middle School
Whiting, IN
Joe McConnellSpeedway Jr. High School
Indianapolis, IN
Sharon MitchellWilliam D. Slider Middle School
El Paso, TX
Amy MorganBerry Middle School
Hoover, AL
Norma Neely, EdDAssociate Director for Regional
ProjectsTexas Rural Systemic Initiative
Austin, TX
Annette ParrottLakeside High School
Atlanta, GA
Nora M. Prestinari BurchettSaint Luke School
McLean, VA
Mark SailerPioneer Jr.-Sr. High School
Royal Center, IN
Joanne StickneyMonticello Middle School
Monticello, NY
Dee StoutPenn State UniversityUniversity Park, PA
Darcy Vetro-RavndalHillsborough High School
Tampa, FL
Karen WatkinsPerry Meridian Middle School
Indianapolis, IN
Clabe WebbPermian High School
Ector County ISDOdessa, TX
Alison WelchWilliam D. Slider Middle School
El Paso, TX
Kim WimpeyNorth Gwinnett High School
Suwanee, GA
Kate ZieglerDurant Road Middle School
Raleigh, NC
vii
The Teacher Advisory Board gave the authors, editorial staff, and design team feedbackon the content and design of the Student Edition. They provided valuable input in the
development of the 2008 edition of Glencoe Science Level Red.
John GonzalesChallenger Middle School Tucson, AZ
Rachel ShivelyAptakisic Jr. High SchoolBuffalo Grove, IL
Roger PrattManistique High SchoolManistique, MI
Kirtina HileNorthmor Jr. High/High SchoolGalion, OH
Marie RennerDiley Middle SchoolPickerington, OH
Nelson FarrierHamlin Middle SchoolSpringfield, OR
Jeff RemingtonPalmyra Middle SchoolPalmyra, PA
Erin PetersWilliamsburg Middle SchoolArlington, VA
Rubidel PeoplesMeacham Middle SchoolFort Worth, TX
Kristi RamseyNavasota Jr. High SchoolNavasota, TX
Teacher Advisory Board
The Glencoe middle school science StudentAdvisory Board taking a timeout at COSI, a science museum in Columbus, Ohio.
The Student Advisory Board gave the authors, editorial staff, and design team feedbackon the design of the Student Edition. We thank these students for their hard work and
creative suggestions in making the 2008 edition of Glencoe Science Level Red studentfriendly.
Jack AndrewsReynoldsburg Jr. High SchoolReynoldsburg, OH
Peter ArnoldHastings Middle SchoolUpper Arlington, OH
Emily BarbePerry Middle SchoolWorthington, OH
Kirsty BatemanHilliard Heritage Middle SchoolHilliard, OH
Andre BrownSpanish Emersion AcademyColumbus, OH
Chris DundonHeritage Middle SchoolWesterville, OH
Ryan ManafeeMonroe Middle SchoolColumbus, OH
Addison OwenDavis Middle SchoolDublin, OH
Teriana PatrickEastmoor Middle SchoolColumbus, OH
Ashley RuzKarrar Middle SchoolDublin, OH
Student Advisory Board
Aaron Haupt
Why do I need my science book?
Have you ever been in class andnot understood all of what waspresented? Or, you understoodeverything in class, but at home,got stuck on how to answer aquestion? Maybe you just wondered when you were evergoing to use this stuff?
These next few pages are designed to help you understand everything your science book can be used for . . . besides a paperweight!
Before You Read● Chapter Opener Science is occurring all around you,
and the opening photo of each chapter will preview the
science you will be learning about. The Chapter
Preview will give you an idea of what you will be
learning about, and you can try the Launch Lab to
help get your brain headed in the right direction. The
Foldables exercise is a fun way to keep you organized.
● Section Opener Chapters are divided into two to four
sections. The As You Read in the margin of the first
page of each section will let you know what is most
important in the section. It is divided into four parts.
What You’ll Learn will tell you the major topics you
will be covering. Why It’s Important will remind you
why you are studying this in the first place! The
Review Vocabulary word is a word you already know,
either from your science studies or your prior knowl-
edge. The New Vocabulary words are words that you
need to learn to understand this section. These words
will be in boldfaced print and highlighted in the
section. Make a note to yourself to recognize these
words as you are reading the section.
John
Eva
ns
As You Read● Headings Each section has a title
in large red letters, and is further
divided into blue titles and
small red titles at the begin-
nings of some paragraphs.
To help you study, make an
outline of the headings and
subheadings.
● Margins In the margins of
your text, you will find many helpful
resources. The Science Online exercises and
Integrate activities help you explore the topics
you are studying. MiniLabs reinforce the sci-
ence concepts you have learned.
● Building Skills You also will find an
Applying Math or Applying Science activity
in each chapter. This gives you extra prac-
tice using your new knowledge, and helps
prepare you for standardized tests.
● Student Resources At the end of the book
you will find Student Resources to help you
throughout your studies. These include
Science, Technology, and Math Skill Hand-
books, an English/Spanish Glossary, and an
Index. Also, use your Foldables as a resource.
It will help you organize information, and
review before a test.
● In Class Remember, you can always
ask your teacher to explain anything
you don’t understand.
Science Vocabulary Make thefollowing Foldable to help youunderstand the vocabularyterms in this chapter.
Fold a verticalsheet of notebookpaper from side toside.
Cut along every third line of only thetop layer to form tabs.
Label each tab with a vocabularyword from the chapter.
Build Vocabulary As you read the chapter, listthe vocabulary words on the tabs. As you learnthe definitions, write them under the tab foreach vocabulary word.
STEP 3
STEP 2
STEP 1
ix
Look For...
At the beginning of every section.
(t)P
hoto
Dis
c, (
b)Jo
hn E
vans
In LabWorking in the laboratory is one of the best ways to understand the con-
cepts you are studying. Your book will be your guide through your laboratory
experiences, and help you begin to think like a scientist. In it, you not only will
find the steps necessary to follow the investigations, but you also will find
helpful tips to make the most of your time.
● Each lab provides you with a Real-World Question to remind you that
science is something you use every day, not just in class. This may lead
to many more questions about how things happen in your world.
● Remember, experiments do not always produce the result you expect.
Scientists have made many discoveries based on investigations with unex-
pected results. You can try the experiment again to make sure your results
were accurate, or perhaps form a new hypothesis to test.
● Keeping a Science Journal is how scientists keep accurate records of obser-
vations and data. In your journal, you also can write any questions that
may arise during your investigation. This is a great method of reminding
yourself to find the answers later.
x
Look For...● Launch Labs start every chapter.
● MiniLabs in the margin of each
chapter.
● Two Full-Period Labs in every
chapter.
● EXTRA Try at Home Labs at the
end of your book.
● the Web site with laboratory
demonstrations.
(l)Jo
hn E
vans
, (r
)Geo
ff B
utle
r
Before a TestAdmit it! You don’t like to take tests! However, there are
ways to review that make them less painful. Your book will
help you be more successful taking tests if you use the
resources provided to you.
● Review all of the New Vocabulary words and be sure you
understand their definitions.
● Review the notes you’ve taken on your Foldables, in class,
and in lab. Write down any question that you still need
answered.
● Review the Summaries and Self Check questions at the
end of each section.
● Study the concepts presented in the chapter by reading
the Study Guide and answering the questions in
the Chapter Review.
xi
Look For...● Reading Checks and caption
questions throughout the text. ● the Summaries and Self Check
questions at the end of each section.● the Study Guide and Review
at the end of each chapter.● the Standardized Test Practice
after each chapter.
(l)Jo
hn E
vans
, (r
)Pho
toD
isc
Let’s Get StartedTo help you find the information you need quickly, use the Scavenger
Hunt below to learn where things are located in Chapter 1.
What is the title of this chapter?
What will you learn in Section 1?
Sometimes you may ask, “Why am I learning this?” State a reason why the
concepts from Section 2 are important.
What is the main topic presented in Section 2?
How many reading checks are in Section 1?
What is the Web address where you can find extra information?
What is the main heading above the sixth paragraph in Section 2?
There is an integration with another subject mentioned in one of the margins
of the chapter. What subject is it?
List the new vocabulary words presented in Section 2.
List the safety symbols presented in the first Lab.
Where would you find a Self Check to be sure you understand the section?
Suppose you’re doing the Self Check and you have a question about concept
mapping. Where could you find help?
On what pages are the Chapter Study Guide and Chapter Review?
Look in the Table of Contents to find out on which page Section 2 of the
chapter begins.
You complete the Chapter Review to study for your chapter test.
Where could you find another quiz for more practice?
xii
Pho
toD
isc
xiii
Contents
Contents
In each chapter, look for these opportunities forreview and assessment:• Reading Checks• Caption Questions• Section Review• Chapter Study Guide• Chapter Review• Standardized Test
Practice• Online practice at
red.msscience.com
The Nature of Matter—2
The Nature of Science—4Section 1 What is science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Section 2 Science in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Section 3 Models in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Section 4 Evaluating Scientific Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Lab What is the right answer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Lab Identifying Parts of an Investigation . . . . . . .32
Measurement—40Section 1 Description and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Section 2 SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Lab Scale Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Section 3 Drawings, Tables, and Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Lab: Design Your OwnPace Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Matter and its Changes—68Section 1 Physical Properties and Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Section 2 Chemical Properties and Changes . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Lab Liquid Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Lab: Design Your OwnFruit Salad Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Atoms, Elements, and the PeriodicTable—96
Section 1 Structure of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Section 2 The Simplest Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
Lab Elements and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . .112
Section 3 Compounds and Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Lab Mystery Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Get Ready to ReadStrategies• Preview . . . . . . . . . . 6A• Identify the
Main Idea . . . . . . . 42A• Monitor . . . . . . . . . 70A• New
Vocabulary . . . . . . 98A
Stephen J. Krasemann/Photo Researchers
xiv
Contents
Cont
ents
Interactions of Matter—126
Motion, Forces, and SimpleMachines—128
Section 1 Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Section 3 Work and Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Lab Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Lab: Use the InternetMethods of Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
Energy—160Section 1 Energy Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
Section 2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Section 3 Chemical Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Lab Converting Potential and Kinetic Energy . .183
Lab Comparing Temperature Changes . . . . . . . .184
Electricity and Magnetism—192Section 1 Electric Charge and Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Section 2 Electric Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Section 3 Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
Lab Batteries in Series and Parallel . . . . . . . . . . .215
Lab Magnets and Electric Current . . . . . . . . . . . .216
Waves—224Section 1 What are waves? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
Section 2 Wave Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231
Lab Waves on a Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236
Section 3 Wave Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Lab: Design Your OwnWave Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
In each chapter, look for these opportunities forreview and assessment:• Reading Checks• Caption Questions• Section Review• Chapter Study Guide• Chapter Review• Standardized Test
Practice• Online practice at
red.msscience.com
Kennan Ward/The Stock Market/CORBIS
Contents
Contents
xv
Earth’s Changing Surface—252
Rocks and Minerals—254Section 1 Minerals—Earth’s Jewels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
Section 2 Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . .265
Section 3 Metamorphic Rocks and the Rock Cycle . . . . . .272
Lab Gneiss Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
Lab Classifying Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278
Forces Shaping Earth—286Section 1 Earth’s Moving Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288
Lab Earth’s Moving Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298
Section 2 Uplift of Earth’s Crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299
Lab: Model and InventIsostasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306
Weathering and Erosion—314Section 1 Weathering and Soil Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . .316
Lab Classifying Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322
Section 2 Erosion of Earth’s Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323
Lab: Design Your OwnMeasuring Soil Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
The Atmosphere in Motion—340Section 1 The Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342
Section 2 Earth’s Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348
Section 3 Air Masses and Fronts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356
Lab Interpreting Satellite Images . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
Lab: Design Your OwnCreating Your Own Weather Station . . . . . . . . .364
Get Ready to ReadStrategies• Visualize . . . . . . . 130A• Questioning . . . . 162A• Make
Predictions . . . . 194A• Monitor . . . . . . . . 226A• Identify Cause
and Effect . . . . . . 256A• Summarize . . . . 288A• Compare and
Contrast . . . . . . . 316A• Make
Inferences . . . . . 342A
(t)Jose Manuel Sanchis Calvete/CORBIS, (b)Howard Bluestein/Photo Researchers
Contents
Cont
ents
xvi
Oceans—372Section 1 Ocean Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374
Lab Desalination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379
Section 2 Ocean Currents and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380
Section 3 Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385
Section 4 Life in the Oceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389
Lab: Model and InventWaves and Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396
Beyond Earth—404
Exploring Space—406Section 1 Radiation from Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408
Lab Building a Reflecting Telescope . . . . . . . . . .414
Section 2 Early Space Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415
Section 3 Current and Future Space Missions . . . . . . . . . .423
Lab: Use the InternetStar Sightings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430
The Solar System and Beyond—438Section 1 Earth’s Place in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440
Lab Moon Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447
Section 2 The Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448
Section 3 Stars and Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456
Lab: Design Your OwnSpace Colony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464
In each chapter, look for these opportunities forreview and assessment:• Reading Checks• Caption Questions• Section Review• Chapter Study Guide• Chapter Review• Standardized Test
Practice• Online practice at
red.msscience.com
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Life’s Diversity—472
Cells–The Units of Life—474Section 1 The World of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476
Lab Observing Algae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482
Section 2 The Different Jobs of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
Lab: Design Your OwnWater Movement in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488
Invertebrate Animals—496Section 1 What is an animal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498
Section 2 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, andRoundworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501
Section 3 Mollusks and Segmented Worms . . . . . . . . . . . .506
Section 4 Arthropods and Echinoderms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512
Lab Observing Complete Metamorphosis . . . . .519
Lab: Design Your OwnGarbage-Eating Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520
Vertebrate Animals—528Section 1 Chordate Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530
Section 2 Amphibians and Reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535
Lab Frog Metamorphosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540
Section 3 Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541
Section 4 Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545
Lab: Model and InventHomes for Endangered Animals . . . . . . . . . . . .550
The Human Body—558Section 1 Body Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560
Lab Improving Reaction Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .573
Section 2 Human Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574
Lab: Design Your OwnDefensive Saliva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580
Get Ready to ReadStrategies• Take Notes . . . . . 374A• Make
Connections . . . . 408A• Questions and
Answers . . . . . . . 440A• Identify the
Main Idea . . . . . . 476A• New
Vocabulary . . . . .598A• Monitor . . . . . . . . 530A• Visualize . . . . . . . 560A
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The Role of Genes in Inheritance—588Section 1 Continuing Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590
Lab Getting DNA from Onion Cells . . . . . . . . . .598
Section 2 Genetics—The Study of Inheritance . . . . . . . . .599
Lab: Use the InternetGenetic Traits: The Unique You . . . . . . . . . . . . .606
Life and the Environment—614
Ecology—616Section 1 What is an ecosystem? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618
Lab Ecosystem in a Bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626
Section 2 Relationships Among Living Things . . . . . . . . .627
Section 3 Energy Through the Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633
Lab: Design Your OwnWhat’s the limit? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .636
Earth’s Resources—644Section 1 Natural Resource Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646
Lab Using Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .654
Section 2 People and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655
Section 3 Protecting the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .663
Lab: Design Your OwnUsing Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668
In each chapter, look for these opportunities forreview and assessment:• Reading Checks• Caption Questions• Section Review• Chapter Study Guide• Chapter Review• Standardized Test
Practice• Online practice at
red.msscience.com
Get Ready to ReadStrategies• Questioning . . . . 590A• Make
Predictions . . . . 618A• Identify Cause
and Effect . . . . . . 646A
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Student Resources—676Science Skill Handbook—678
Scientific Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687
Safety in the Science Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688
Extra Try at Home Labs—690
Technology Skill Handbook—701Computer Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701
Presentation Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .704
Math Skill Handbook—705Math Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .705
Science Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715
Reference Handbooks—720Periodic Table of the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .720
Topographic Map Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .722
Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .723
Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .724
Diversity of Life: Classification ofLiving Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .726
Use and Care of a Microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730
English/Spanish Glossary—731
Index—750
Credits—769
Ed Reschke/Peter Arnold, Inc.
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Unit Openers
Unit 1 How are Arms and Centimeters Connected?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Unit 2 How are Train Schedules and Oil Pumps Connected? . . . . 126Unit 3 How are Rocks and Fluorescent Lights Connected? . . . . . . 252Unit 4 How are the Inuit and Astronauts Connected? . . . . . . . . . . 404Unit 5 How are Animals and Airplanes Connected?. . . . . . . . . . . . 472Unit 6 How are Oatmeal and Carpets Connected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
VISUALIZING
1 The Modeling of King Tut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Precision and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Dichotomous Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 The Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085 Newton’s Laws and Space Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426 Kinetic Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1657 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2068 Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2429 Igneous Rock Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
10 Rift Valleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 11 Mass Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32412 The Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34613 Food Chains in a Food Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39314 Space Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41915 Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46016 Life’s Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48617 Arthropod Diversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514–51518 Fish Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53319 Vitamins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56520 Human Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59621 Biotic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62122 Steel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648–649
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12 How Zoos Prepare for Hurricanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 14 Cities in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43216 Test Tube Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49020 Separated at Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60821 Gators at the Gate! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63822 A Tool for the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
1 Women in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 The Road to Understanding Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 Ancient Views of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207 Which way to go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
11 Crumbling Monuments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33419 Overcoming the Odds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
9 Going for the Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28018 Cosmic Dust and Dinosaurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
6 “Hiroshima” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18615 “The Sun and the Moon”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
2 Biggest, Tallest, Loudest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 Fastest Facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1548 Waves, Waves, and More Waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
10 Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30813 Ocean Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39817 Squid Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
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1 Observe How Gravity Accelerates Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Measuring Accurately. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Can you classify pennies by their properties? . . . . . . . . . . . 694 Observe Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5 Model Halfpipe Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296 Forms of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1617 Electric and Magnetic Forces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1938 Waves and Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2259 Observe a Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
10 Model Earth’s Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28711 Water’s Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31512 How does temperature affect gas molecules?. . . . . . . . . . . 34113 Why are oceans salty? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37314 An Astronomer’s View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40715 How many stars are in the sky? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43916 Observe Onion Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47517 How are animals organized? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49718 Animals with a Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52919 Where does food go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55920 Why are seeds formed?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58921 What is a living system? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61722 What are natural resources?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
1 Thinking Like a Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Measuring Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Determining Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 Investigating the Unseen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005 Observing Mechanical Advantage—Pulleys . . . . . . . . . . . 1476 Comparing Energy Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767 Observing Magnetic Force on a Wire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2128 Comparing Sounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2299 Classifying Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
10 Modeling Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30111 Dissolving Rock with Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31912 Creating a Low-Pressure Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35913 Modeling a Density Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
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14 Modeling a Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42115 Modeling Earth’s Seasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44116 Analyzing Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48417 Observing Sow Bugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51718 Inferring How Blubber Insulates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54620 Observing Yeast Budding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59321 Observing Soil Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62322 Analyzing Gift Wrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
1 Classifying Parts of a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Forming a Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Measuring Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 Observing Yeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 Comparing Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 Determining Weights in Newtons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1386 Comparing Kinetic Energy and Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1677 Observing Charging by Induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1978 Observing How Light Refracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2389 Modeling How Fossils Form Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
10 Modeling Tension and Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29511 Analyzing Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32012 Observing Condensation and Evaporation . . . . . . . . . . . . 34713 Modeling Water Particle Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38614 Observing Effects of Light Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41215 Observing Planets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45015 Modeling Constellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45716 Modeling a Cell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48017 Modeling Cephalopod Propulsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50818 Modeling Feather Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54319 Inferring How Hard the Heart Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56919 Interpreting Infant Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57820 Modeling Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60121 Calculating Population Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62822 Making Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
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1 What is the right answer?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Scale Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Liquid Layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 Elements and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125 Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1516 Converting Potential and Kinetic Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1837 Batteries in Series and Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2158 Waves on a Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2369 Gneiss Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
10 Earth’s Moving Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29811 Classifying Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32212 Interpreting Satellite Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36313 Desalination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37914 Building a Reflecting Telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41415 Moon Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44716 Observing Algae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48217 Observing Complete Metamorphosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51918 Frog Metamorphosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54019 Improving Reaction Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57320 Getting DNA from Onion Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59821 Ecosystem in a Bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62622 Using Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
One-Page Labs
available as a video lab
AFP/CORBIS
Content Details
1 Identifying Parts of an Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–334 Mystery Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118–1196 Comparing Temperature Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184–1857 Magnets and Electric Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216–2179 Classifying Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278–279
2 Pace Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60–613 Fruit Salad Favorites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88–898 Wave Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244–245
11 Measuring Soil Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332–33312 Creating Your Own Weather Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364–36515 Space Colony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464–46516 Water Movement in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488–48917 Garbage-Eating Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520–52119 Defensive Saliva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580–58121 What’s the limit?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636–63722 Using Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668–669
10 Isostasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306–30713 Waves and Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396–39718 Homes for Endangered Animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550–551
5 Methods of Travel . . . . . 152–15314 Star Sightings. . . . . . . . . 430–43120 Genetic Traits:
The Unique You . . . . . 606–607
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Design Your Own Labs
Two-Page Labs
Dominic Oldershaw
xxvi
Cont
ent D
etai
ls
Activities
1 Seasonal Temperatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 Rounded Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5 Bicycle Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
5 Family Trip Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5 Acceleration Down a Hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
5 Acceleration of a Basketball. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5 Weight Lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7 Flashlight Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
12 Wind Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
14 Drawing by Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
16 Red Blood Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
18 How much time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
20 Alleles in Sex Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
3 Do light sticks conserve mass? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4 What’s the best way to desalt ocean water? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6 Can you be fooled by temperature? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
8 Can you create destructive interference? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
9 How hard are these minerals? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
10 How can glaciers cause land to rise?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
11 Can evidence of sheet erosion be seen in a farm field? . . . . . . . 329
13 Are fish that contain mercury safe to eat? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
15 How can you model distances in the solar system? . . . . . . . . . . 453
17 How does soil management affect earthworms?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
19 Will there be enough blood donors? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
21 Graph Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
22 Reusing Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Applying Science
Applying Math
1
Content Details
Activities
Astronomy: 51, 466, 507Career: 13, 43, 104, 418, 442, 485, 538, 604Chemistry: 290, 318, 382, 479, 502, 564, 591Earth Science: 117, 132, 210, 232, 658Health: 9, 47, 81, 199, 234, 344, 409, 595, 660History: 99, 174, 198, 629Language Arts: 75, 304Life Science: 77, 116, 137, 145, 150, 164, 180, 257, 349, 420Physics: 230, 267, 288, 325, 378, 458, 459, 462, 477, 517, 532, 577, 634Social Studies: 266, 353, 391, 507, 564, 569
18, 22, 47, 58, 71, 72, 102, 107, 116, 140, 146, 168, 181, 199, 202, 235,241, 262, 274, 293, 302, 326, 330, 350, 357, 361, 377, 381, 387, 392, 420,425, 427, 444, 449, 478, 487, 507, 513, 536, 542, 571, 576, 591, 605, 620,629, 653, 656
38–39, 66–67, 94–95, 124–125, 158–159, 190–191, 222–223, 250–251,284–285, 312–313, 338–339, 370–371, 402–403, 436–437, 470–471,494–495, 526–527, 556–557, 586–587, 612–613, 642–643, 674–675
Standardized Test Practice
Tess & David Young/Tom Stack & Assoc.
