Bivalve Slides

8/4/2019 Bivalve Slides

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Mollusca - comes from the Latin word molluscusmeaning soft.

Phylum Mollusca structure

no backbone

internal cavities containing the heart, kidneys, gonads most molluscs have a hard exterior shell that is

produced by the mantle

some, such as the slugs, have no shell at all

some molluscs (squid and seahares (Pteropods)produce an internal shell


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7 Classes of Mollusks GASTROPODA (gastropods) - "stomach-footed"

BIVALVIA (bivalves) - "two-valved"

SCAPHOPODA (scaphopods) - "boat-footed"

APLACOPHORA (solenogasters) - "without plates"

POLYPLACOPHORA (chitons) - "bearing many plates"

MONOPLACOPHORA (gastroverms and segmented limpets) -"bearing one plate"

CEPHALOPODA (cephalopods) - "head-footed"


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Bivalve Taxonomy

http://www.manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/moll101pelecypoda.html
http://www.manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/moll101pelecypoda.htmlhttp://www.manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/moll101pelecypoda.htmlhttp://www.manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/moll101pelecypoda.html


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BIVALVIA

These animals produce two shells (valves)that are connected by a hinge. The animalshave no head but with a foot that often extends

between the two valves. Common names forsome of the bivalves are clams, scallops, andoysters.


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Determination of

Left and Right Valve


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Determination of Left and Right Valve


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CLAM


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CLAM The clam's foot is used to dig down into the sand.

Pair of long siphons extrude to reach up to the waterabove.

Most clams filter feeders.

Water and food particles are drawn in through one siphonto the gills where tiny, hair-like cilia move the water, andthe food is caught in mucus on the gills.

The food-mucus mixture is transported along a groove to

the palps which push it into the clam's mouth. The second siphon carries away the water.

The gills also draw oxygen from the water flow.


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Edible Clams


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Giant Clam


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Geoduck


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Geoduck Harvesting


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Geoduck with Starfish


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Geoduck


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Mike Rowe - Geoduck

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrelhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZhQLoYIbJ4&feature=fvwrel


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Clam Anatomy


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Corbicula ClamsGolden Clams


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Deep Sea Clams


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Steamer Clams


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ClamsQuahogs Mercenaria mercenaria


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Razor Clam Ensis directus


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Razor Clam


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Razor Clam


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How to Find Clams


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Alaska!!


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Scallops

Scallops, such as the Atlantic Bay Scallop, do not burrowin the sand; instead, they lie on the bottom and move byusing their abductor muscle to rapidly open and close theirvalves, ejecting water around the hinge.

The abductor muscle is most often eaten, but most of theremainder is also edible.

Around the edge of the scallop's mantle is a series of blueeyes that, though rather weak, can detect movement

nearby and warn of the presence of predators, particularlyof sea stars.


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SCALLOPS Scallops can swim in spurts by clapping their shells.

Water is ejected backwards through openings oneither side of the hinge, propelling the scallop in the

opposite direction.

When not jetting around, they settle into evenly-

spaced shallow pits in the sand.


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Bay Scallop Aquipectenirradians - edible


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SCALLOP


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Scallop


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Scallop Eyes


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Scallop Eyes

S S


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Deep Sea Scallop Placopectenmagellanicus - edible


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Oyster

The oysters change their sex during their lives,starting as males and usually ending as females.

The shape of oysters varies and depends mainly onhow many crowd about them in the bed as theydevelop.

The larvae of oysters, such as the Eastern Oyster,cement their mantles to rocks, shells, or any othersolid objects and spend their lives in one place,

opening their growing shells to filter algae from thewater.


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Oyster


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Oysters Oysters breathe much like fish, using both gills and

mantle.

The mantle is lined with many small, thin-walled blood

vessels which extract oxygen from the water and expelcarbon dioxide.

A small, three-chambered heart, lying under the adductor

muscle, pumps colorless blood, with its supply of oxygen,to all parts of the body.

At the same time a pair of kidneys located on the

underside of the muscle purify the blood of any waste


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Oysters There is no way of telling male oysters from females by

examining their shells.

While oysters have separate sexes, they may change sex

one or more times during their life span.

The gonads, organs responsible for producing both eggsand sperm, surround the digestive organs and are made

up of sex cells, branching tubules and connective tissue.


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Oysters

What is that tinycrab we see in anoyster?

It is a species ofcrab (Pinnotheresostreum) that hasevolved to liveharmoniously

inside an oyster'sshell.


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Oysters


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Oysters

How do pearls end up inside of oysters?

An oyster produces a pearl when foreign materialbecomes trapped inside the shell. The oyster responds to

the irritation by producing nacre, a combination ofcalcium and protein. The nacre coats the foreign materialand over time produces a pearl.

Pearl Oysters


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Pearl Oysters


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Pearl Oyster


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Edible Oysters

MUSSELSM l f d h h d


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MUSSELSMussels are found everywhere, attached toany solid substrate.

Mussels are to the sea what grass is tosuburbia.

Mussels lack the muscular foot of clams orthe large hinge muscle of scallops.

Instead, they have a "beard" of tough fibersnear the hinge with which they attach


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Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis

Horse Mussel Modiolus


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Horse Mussel Modiolusmodiolus (INEDIBLE)

Zebra Mussel


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Zebra Mussel Zebra Mussels were introduced into the Great Lakes in the

mid eighties.

Probably arrived as larvae in the ballast water of visitingships.

They have been spreading like wildfire and often coveringevery available hard surface, including each other.

This wreaks havoc with power-plant cooling systems andmunicipal water supplies, where masses of the tiny

bivalves clog pipes and water intakes.

One positive effect for divers, however, the Great Lakesand surrounding waters have never been cleaner orclearer.

Zebra Mussel


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Zebra Mussel

Zebra Mussel


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Zebra Mussel

Z b l


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Zebra mussel

Mi i O t


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Mimic Octopus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8oQBYw6xxc&feature=player_embedded#at=25

Bi l Vid


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Bivalve Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TNoyvQ8qo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TNoyvQ8qohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TNoyvQ8qohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TNoyvQ8qohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TNoyvQ8qohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TNoyvQ8qo


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Giant Clam


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Giant Clam

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBfviWg7kKM&feature=fvwrel

Oyster Filter


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Oyster Filter

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rh7gFpaGr70&feature=related

Moon Snail vs Cockel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rh7gFpaGr70&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rh7gFpaGr70&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rh7gFpaGr70&feature=related


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Moon Snail vs Cockel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70OHQJ2SbQU

Phylum Mollusca Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70OHQJ2SbQUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70OHQJ2SbQUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70OHQJ2SbQU


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Phylum Mollusca Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEwnarCYIO4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEwnarCYIO4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEwnarCYIO4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEwnarCYIO4&feature=related

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Bivalve Slides