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INDIAN STANDARDS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY
BIS presentation for INDO-US Digital Video Conferencing on Water Standards
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), erstwhile ISI, works under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Govt. of India.
It is governed by Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and Rules and Regulations framed there under.
BIS has been entrusted the job of formulation of National Standards under an Act of Parliament.
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
STANDARD FORMULATION PROCEDURE
Standards are formulated through Technical Committees / Division councils.Interests Represented in Technical Committees
ManufacturersConsumersTechnologistsRegulatorsR & D Institutions
Consensus principle as per ISO/IEC Guide.Documents sent for wide circulation for public comments before finalization.
INDIAN STANDARDS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY
IS 10500:1991* Indian Standard - Drinking water –Specification (First Revision)
IS 13428:2005 Indian Standard - Packaged natural mineral water – Specification (Second Revision)
IS 14543:2004 Indian Standard - Packaged drinking water (other than packaged natural mineral water) – Specification (First Revision)
* IS 10500 is currently under second revision.
DEFINITIONSDRINKING WATER
Water from any potable water source including public drinking water supply systems.
DEFINITIONS
Packaged drinking water means water derived from surface water or underground water or sea water which is subjected to hereinunder specified treatments, namely,
decantation, filtration, combination of filtration, aerations, filtration with membrane filter depth filter, cartridge filter, activated carbon filtration, demineralization, remineralization, reverse osmosis and packed after disinfecting the water to a level that shall not lead to any harmful contamination in the drinking water by means of chemical agents or physical methods to reduce the number of microorganisms to a level beyond scientifically accepted level for food safety or its suitability: Cont…
DEFINITIONSPACKAGED DRINKING WATER (OTHER THAN
PACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER)
DEFINITIONS
Provided that sea water, before being subjected to the above treatments, shall be subjected to desalination and related processes. It shall be filled in sealed containers of various compositions, forms and capacities that is suitable for direct consumption without further treatment. In case remineralization is a part of the treatment process, the ingredients used shall be food grade quality and conform to the requirements of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and the Rules framed thereunder.’
DEFINITIONSPACKAGED DRINKING WATER (OTHER THAN
PACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER)
DEFINITIONS
Water clearly distinguishable from ordinary drinking water because:it is obtained directly from natural or drilled sources from underground water-bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to avoid any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and physical qualities;it is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportions and the presence of trace elements or of other constituents;
Cont…….
DEFINITIONSPACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER
DEFINITIONS
of the constancy of its composition and the stability of its discharge and its temperature, due account being taken of the cycles of minor natural fluctuations;it is collected under conditions which guarantee the original microbiological purity and chemical composition of essential components;it is packaged close to the point of emergence of the source with particular hygienic precautions; andit is not subjected to any treatment other than those permitted by this standard.
DEFINITIONSPACKAGED NATURAL MINERAL WATER
Naturally carbonated natural mineral waterNon-carbonated natural mineral waterDecarbonated natural mineral waterNatural mineral water fortified with carbon dioxide from the source.Carbonated natural mineral water
TYPES OF NATURAL MINERAL WATERTYPES OF NATURAL MINERAL WATER
Treatments permitted include separation from unstable constituents, such as compounds containing iron, manganese, sulphur or arsenic, by recantation and/or simple filtration up to 0.5 microns, if necessary, accelerated by previous aeration.The treatments may only be carried out on condition that the mineral content of the water is not modified in its essential constituents, which give the water its properties.The transport of natural mineral waters in bulk containers for packaging or for any other process before packaging is prohibited.
TREATMENT AND HANDLINGpermitted for NATURAL MINERAL WATER
This standard was originally published in 1998. In preparing this standard, assistance had been derived from the following:
a) Manual on water supply and treatment (third edition), 1991, prepared by the expert committee constituted under the Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi.
b) Codex Code of practice for collecting, processing and marketing of natural mineral waters (CAC/RCP 33- 1985).
c) EEC Directive, 80/778/EEC relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption.
The first revision has been undertaken to incorporate six amendments along with the technological developments, check listfor hygienic requirements and consumer requirements.
IS 14543:2004Indian Standard - Packaged drinking water (other than packaged
natural mineral water) – Specification (First Revision)
This standard was published in 1992. In preparing this standard, assistance had been derived from EEC Directive, 80/778/EEC relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption.
It was subsequently revised in 1998 to align with the revised Codex Standard for natural mineral water and to include hygienic practices in line with Codex (CAC/RCP 33- 1985) ‘Code of practice for collecting, processing and marketing of natural mineral waters’.
The second revision has been undertaken to incorporate five amendments along with the technological developments, check list for hygienic requirements, and consumer requirements.
IS 13428:2005Indian Standard - Packaged natural mineral water) – Specification
(Second Revision)
SCOPE
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
This standard prescribes the requirements and methods of sampling and test for packaged drinking water (other than natural mineral water) offered for sale in packaged form.
This standard prescribes the requirements and methods of sampling and test for natural mineral waters offered for sale in packaged form for human consumption.
NOTE – It does not apply to natural mineral water sold or used for other purposes.
SCOPE
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428 :2005
Escherichia coli (or thermotolerant bacteria) absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
Coliform bacteria absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
Faecal streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
Sulphite reducing anaerobes absent in 50 ml sample
absent in 50 ml sample
Pseudomonas aeruginosa absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
Cont…….
MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Aerobic Microbial Count -at 20 to 22°C in 72 h
- at 37°C in 24 h
shall not exceed 100 per ml
shall not exceed 20 per ml
--NS--
Yeast and Mould absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
Salmonella and Shigella absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
Vibrio cholera and V. parahaemolyticus absent in 250 ml sample
absent in 250 ml sample
MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Colour, true colour units, Max 2 2
Odour Agreeable Agreeable
Taste Agreeable Agreeable
Turbidity, NTU, Max 2 2
Total dissolved solids, mg/l 500 150 TO 700
pH value 6.5 TO 8.5 6.5 TO 8.5
ORGANOLEPTIC & PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Barium (as Ba), mg/l, Max 1.0 1.0
Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max 0.05 1.0
Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max 0.1 --NS--
Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max 0.1 2.0
Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max 45 50
Nitrite (as NO2), mg/l, Max 0.02 0.02
Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max 1.0 1.0
Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max 5 5
Silver (as Ag), mg/l, Max 0.01 0.01
Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max 0.03 --NS--
Cont…….
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, Max 200 200
Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max 0.01 0.05
Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l, Max 200 200
Alkalinity (as HCO3), mg/l, Max 200 75 to 400
Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max 75 100
Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max 30 50
Sodium (as Na), mg/l, Max 200 150
Residual free chlorine, mg/l, Max 0.2 --NS--
Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max Absent Absent
Mineral Oil, mg/l, Max Absent Absent
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Cont…….
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Anionic surface active agents (as MBAS), mg/l, Max
0.2 Not detectable
Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l, Max 0.05 0.05Antimony (as Sb), mg/l, Max 0.005 0.005Borate (as B), mg/l, Max 5 5
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max 0.001 0.001
Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max 0.01 0.003Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max 0.05 0.05Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max Absent AbsentLead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.01 0.01Chromium (as Cr), mg/l, Max 0.05 0.05Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max 0.02 0.02Polychlorinated biphenyle (PCB) Not detectable Not detectablePolynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Not detectable Not detectable
PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Characteristic IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
Alpha emitters, Bq/l, Max 0.1 0.1
Beta emitters, Bq/l, Max 1 1
PARAMETERS CONCERNING RADIO ACTIVE RESIDUES
IS 14543:2004 IS 13428:2005
The maximum limit of the pesticide residues for pesticides as given in Annex D shall be as follows:
Residues of pesticides for pesticides as given in Annex N shall be below the detectable limitsParametersParameters LimitsLimits
Pesticide residues considered individually
Not more than 0.0001 mg/1
Total pesticide residue
Not more than 0.0005 mg/1
Cont…….
PESTICIDE RESIDUES LIMITS
Test MethodsSl. No. Name of PesticideUSEPA AOAC
11 DDT (o,p & p,p- isomers of DDT, DDE & DDD)
508 990.06
22 g-HCH (Lindane) 508 990.06
33 a, b & d -HCH 508 990.06
44 Endosulfan (a, b andSulphate)
508 990.06
55 Monocrotophos 8141A -
66 Ethion 1657A -
77 Chlorpyrifos 525.2, 8141A -
88 Phorate (Phorate and its oxygen analogue i.e. phorate sulphoxide and phorate sulphone)
8141A -
Cont…….
ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005
ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005
99 2,4-D 515.1 -1010 Butachlor 525.2, 8141A -1111 Isoproturon 5321212 Alachor 525.2, 507 -1313 Atrazine 525.2, 8141A -1414 Methyl Parathion ( Methyl
Parathion and its oxygen analogue i.e. methyl-paraoxon )
8141A ISO 10695
1515 Malathion ( Malathion and its oxygen analogue i.e. malaoxon )
8141A
1616 Aldrin and dieldrin 525.2 990.06
ANNEX D OF IS 14543:2004 AND ANNEX N OF IS 13428:2005
IS 14543:2004 and 13428:2005 prescribes hygienic practices for collection, processing, handling, packaging and marketing of source water and also give a checklist for good hygienic practices and food safety system for packaged water processing units and packaged natural mineral water processing units respectively.
HYGIENIC CONDITIONS
Packaged drinking water and natural mineral water shall be packed in clean, hygienic, colorless, transparent and tamperproof bottles/containers, made of polyethylene (PE) conforming to IS 10146 or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conforming to IS 10151 or polypropylene conforming to IS 10910 or polyalkylene terephthalate (PET and PBT) conforming to IS 12252 or polycarbonate conforming to IS 14971 or polystyrene conforming to IS 10142 or sterile glass bottles suitable for preventing possible adulteration or contamination of the water or polyethylene bags conforming to IS 15609. Plastic containers shall be conforming to IS 15410.
All packaging materials of plastic origin shall pass the overall migration and colour migration limits as laid down in the relevant Indian Standards for products for respective packaging material when tested as per method given in IS 9845
PACKING
No claims concerning medicinal (preventative, alleviative or curative) effects shall be made in respect of the properties of the product covered by the standard. Claims of other beneficial effects related to the health of the consumer shall not be made.The name of the locality, hamlet or specified place may not form part of the brand name unless it refers to a packaged drinking water collected processed at the place designated by that brand name.The use of any statement or of any pictorial device which may create confusion in the mind of the public or in any way mislead the public about the nature, origin, composition and properties of drinking water is prohibited.
LABELLING PROHIBITIONS
Packaged Drinking Water and Packaged Natural Mineral Water are under
mandatory BIS certification as per the PFA Rules, 1955 administered by
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India.
This standard was originally published in 1983 with the objective of assessing the quality of water resources, and to check the effectiveness of water treatment and supply by the concerned authorities.
IS 10500:1991Indian Standard – Drinking water – Specification (First Revision)
a) International Standards for Drinking Water issued by World Health Organization, 1984 Geneva;
b) Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies. Indian Council of Medical Research, 1971, New Delhi; and
c) Manual on Water Supply and Treatment ( third revision ), Ministry of Urban Development, 1989, New Delhi.
In the formulation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications:
The first revision was undertaken to take into account the update information available about the nature and effect of various contaminants as also the new techniques for identifying and determining their concentration and the first revision was published in 1991.
IS 10500:1991Indian Standard – Drinking water – Specification (First Revision)
IS 10500:1991Indian Standard – Drinking water – Specification (First Revision)
SCOPE
The standard prescribes the requirements for the essential and desirable characteristics required to be tested for ascertaining the suitability of water for drinking purpose.
SCOPE
The standard mentions the desirable limit and indicates its background. It is recommended that the ‘Desirable limit’ is to be implemented. Values in excess of those mentioned under ‘Desirable’ render the water not acceptable, but still may be tolerated in the absence of alternative source but up to the limit indicated under ‘Permissible limit in the absence of alternate source’ above which the sources will have to rejected.
REQUIREMENTS
Sl. No.
Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Limit)
Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source
1 Colour, Hazen units, Max 5 25
2 Odour Unobjectionable -
3 Taste Agreeable -
4 Turbidity, NTU, Max 5 10
5 Dissolved solids, mg/l, Max 500 2000
6 pH value 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation
7 Total hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max
300 600
ORGANOLEPTIC & PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
Sl. No.
Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Limit)
Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source
1 Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max 0.05 1.5
2 Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max 0.3 1.0
3 Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max 0.1 0.3
4 Nitrate (as NO3)mg/l, Max
45 No relaxation
5 Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max 1.0 1.5
6 Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max 5 15
7 Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max 0.03 0.2
8 Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l, Max 250 1000
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Cont…….
Sl. No.
Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Limit)
Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source
9 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation
10 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max 200 400(May be extended upto 400 provided that Mg does not exceed 30)
11 Alkalinity, mg/l, Max 200 600
12 Calcium (as Ca),mg/l, Max
75 200
13 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max 30 100
14 Residual, Free chlorine, mg/l, Min
0.2(To be applicable only when water is chlorinated. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be Min0.5 mg/l)
-
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Cont…….
Sl. No.
Substance or Characteristic Requirement (Desirable Limit)
Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source
15 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l, Max
0.001 0.002
16 Mineral Oil, mg/l, Max 0.01 0.03
17 Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/l, Max
0.2 1.0
18 Boron (as B), mg/l, Max 1 5
GENERAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN
EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS
Sl. No.
Substance or Characteristic
Requirement (Desirable Limit)
Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source
1 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max
0.001 No relaxation
2 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max
0.01 No relaxation
3 Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation
4 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max
0.05 No relaxation
5 Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.05 No relaxation
6 Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l, Max
0.05 No relaxation
7 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (as PAH), mg/l, Max
NS † NS †
8 Pesticides mg/l Max Absent 0.001
PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Sl. No.
Substance or Characteristic
Requirement (Desirable Limit)
Permissible limit in the Absence of Alternate source
1 Radioactive materials
a) Alpha emitters Bq/l, Max
- 0.1
b) Beta emitterspci/l, Max
- 1
PARAMETERS CONCERNING RADIO ACTIVE RESIDUES
WATER IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Through out any year, 95% of samples should not contain any coliform organism in 100 ml;No sample should contain E. coli in 100 ml;No sample should contain more than 10 coliform organisms per 100 ml; andColiform organisms should not be detectable in 100 ml of any two consecutive samples.
UNPIPED WATER SUPPLIES
Bacteriologically, the Objective should be to reduce the coliform count to less than 10 per 100 ml, but more importantly to ensurethe absence of faecal coliform organisms.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER
10500:1991 has a section on Virological Examination of Drinking Water but it does not specify any limit for viruses in Drinking Water
VIROLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER
CURRENT STATUS OF IS 10500
The standard is presently under second revision which has been undertaken to upgrade the requirements of the standard and align with the internationally available specifications on Drinking Water.
CURRENT STATUS OF IS 10500
EU Directives relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption (80/778/EEC) and Council Directive 98/83/EC.USEPA standard – National primary drinking water standard. EPA 816-F-02-013 dated July, 2002.WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 3rd
Edition, 2004Manual on Water supply and treatment, third edition
– revised and updated May 1999, Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi.
DOCUMENTS BEING CONSIDERED IN THE SECOND REVISION