BirdLife Internationaldatazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/IBAs/EuCntryPDFs/IBA2000Vol2pp… · 515 Important Bird Areas in Europe – Spain (including the Canary Islands) GENERAL

515

Important Bird Areas in Europe – Spain (including the Canary Islands)

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Spain is one of the largest states in Europe. Most of the country(97.5%, 492,463 km2) lies on the Iberian peninsula, at the southerntip of Europe. In addition, Spanish territory includes the BalearicIslands in the Mediterranean Sea (5,014 km2), the Canary Islandsin the Atlantic Ocean (7,447 km2), and the two small territories ofCeuta and Melilla on the North African coast.

The Iberian peninsula comprises several distinct regions, whichgives rise to a great variety of habitats across the country. The northof the peninsula includes the Pyrenees and Cantabric mountainranges together with the wide northern plateau, the Iberianmountain range and the valley of the River Ebro. The central regionis dominated by the Central mountain range which lies to the northof the southern plateau. The southern third of the peninsula isoccupied by the Sierra Morena mountain range, the Guadalquivirvalley and the Betic mountain ranges. The Mediterranean coast isdominated by sand beaches, and includes two large deltas, those ofthe Rivers Llobregat and Ebro. It is separated from inland regionsby a coastal mountain range.

The Balearic Islands (four main islands and a number of smallislands and islets) are surrounded by sea cliffs and beaches; onlyMallorca, the largest island, has a significant mountain range. Theterritory of Ceuta is on the African side of the Strait of Gibraltarand Melilla (Chafarinas Islands) on the Mediterranean coast ofMorocco. The Canary Islands (seven main islands) are mountainous(the Pico del Teide, 3,718 m, is the highest peak in Spain) with deepravines, cliffs and precipices.

Spain has 391 Important Bird Areas (IBAs), covering 157,689 km2

(32% of Spanish territory). Of these, the Balearics hold 20 IBAs(1,312 km2), the Canaries 65 (1,334 km2), Ceuta a single IBAcovering all its territory (1,900 ha) and Melilla (Chafarinas Islands)one IBA (50 ha) (Table 1, Maps 1 and 2).

In the previous pan-European inventory (Grimmett and Jones1989), 352 IBAs were identified, covering 95,000 km2. In 1992, SEO/BirdLife reviewed the inventory for the Iberian peninsula and the

Balearics, increasing the number of IBAs to 386 and the areacovered to 134,289 km2. A second national inventory was publishedin 1998, with the number of sites being identical to the presentinventory (Viada 1998). The area covered by the present inventoryand by the second national inventory has increased significantly asa result of the identification of new IBAs, an increase in the area ofsome existing IBAs and also improved accuracy of measurement.

Ninety-six percent of IBAs from the previous pan-Europeaninventory (Grimmett and Jones 1989) are confirmed in the presentinventory. Fifteen (4%) IBAs, identified for both the previousEuropean and national inventories, are not confirmed. Sixty-sevennew IBAs are identified, mainly as a result of increased effort andimproved knowledge of sites and their birds (Table 1).

ORNITHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

There are 175 species of European conservation concern (SPECs1–4) breeding regularly in Spain (Tucker and Heath 1994). Of these,eleven are globally threatened (Marmaronetta angustirostris, Aythyanyroca, Oxyura leucocephala, Aquila adalberti, Falco naumanni,Crex crex, Otis tarda, Larus audouinii, Columba bollii, C. junoniae,Fringilla teydea), two are near-threatened (Tetrax tetrax, Saxicoladacotiae) and a further 162 breeding species are SPECs 2–4 (Tuckerand Heath 1994). Two non-breeding globally threatened speciesoccur: Numenius tenuirostris (wintering) and Acrocephaluspaludicola (passage).

One hundred and forty-six sites were selected as IBAs on thebasis of internationally important breeding, wintering or passagepopulations for thirteen globally threatened or near-threatenedspecies, meeting criterion A1 (Table 2). Of this group of species,Spain holds the entire European population or a major proportionof the European breeding populations of Aegypius monachus,Aquila adalberti, Falco naumanni, Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, Larusaudouinii, Columba bollii, C. junoniae, Saxicola dacotiae andFringilla teydea.

Spanish dehesas. (PHOTO: FERNANDO BARRIO, SEO/BIRDLIFE)

■■■■■ SPAIN(INCLUDING THE CANARY ISLANDS)

CARLOTA VIADA

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Map 1. Location, area and criteria category of Important Bird Areas in Spain.

Map 2. Location, area andcriteria category of ImportantBird Areas in the CanaryIslands.

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P O R T U G A L

B A YO F

B I S C A Y

A T L A N T I CO C E A N

F R A N C E

M O R O C C O

M E D I T E R R A N E A NS E A

I B I Z A

M A L L O R C A

M E N O R C A

A N D O R R A

Area of IBA (ha)

A (188 IBAs)

B (118 IBAs)

Highest category ofcriteria met by IBA

4 to 6,699

6,700 to 31,999

32,000 to 66,499

66,500 to 324,500

C (20 IBAs)

0 200100

km

380381

383 379384

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A T L A N T I CO C E A N

L A N Z A R O T E

F U E R T E V E N T U R A

G R A N C A N A R I A

T E N E R I F EG O M E R A

H I E R R O

L A P A L M A

Area of IBA (ha)

A (28 IBAs)

B (35 IBAs)

Highest category ofcriteria met by IBA

1 to 420

421 to 1,099

1,100 to 2,999

3,000 to 14,800

C (2 IBAs)

0 10050

km

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Table 1. Summary of Important Bird Areas in Spain. 391 IBAs covering 157,689 km2

IBA National 1989code code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11)

001 001 ES001 Cíes islands Islas Cíes Galicia 433 A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C3, C6002 002 ES002 Ons islands Islas Ons Galicia 500 A4i, B1i, B3, C3003 003 ES003 Ría de Arosa (O Grove) estuary Ría de Arosa (O Grove) Galicia 2,561 B1i, B2, C2004 004 ES005, Costa de la Muerte (North coast) Costa de la Muerte (Norte) Galicia 9,650 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

ES006005 005 — Ferrolterra–Valdoviño coast Costa de Ferrolterra–Valdoviño Galicia 4,400 A4i, B1i, C3, C6006 006 ES007 Cape Candelaria–Ortigueira estuary– Punta Candelaria–Ría de Ortigueira– Galicia 6,700 B2, C7

Cape Estaca de Bares Estaca de Bares007 007 ES008 Eo river estuary–Barayo beach–Ría de Foz Ría del Eo–Playa de Barayo–Ría de Foz Galicia, Asturias 7,500 A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6008 008 ES010 La Limia La Limia Galicia 32,800 C6

009 009 ES011 Ancares mountains Sierra de los Ancares Galicia, Castilla y León 50,600 B2, C6010 010 ES027 Montes Aquilanos range Montes Aquilanos Galicia, Castilla y León 55,000 B2, B3, C6011 011 ES026 La Cabrera mountain range Sierra de La Cabrera Galicia, Castilla y León 73,700 B2, C6012 012 ES012 Muniellos Muniellos Asturias 24,100 C6013 013 ES013 Degaña–Hermo Degaña–Hermo Asturias 32,000 C6014 014 ES014 Babia–Somiedo Babia–Somiedo Asturias, Castilla y León 166,860 A3, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6015 015 ES015 Gistreo and Coto mountain ranges Sierras de Gistreo y Coto Castilla y León 59,000 B2, B3, C6016 016 ES016, Central ranges of the Cantabric Sierras Centrales de la Cordillera Asturias, Castilla y León 117,500 B2, C6

ES017, mountains CantábricaES018

017 017 ES009 Cape Busto–Luanco Cabo Busto–Luanco Asturias 6,000 B1i, C3, C6018 018 ES297 Ribadesella–Tina Mayor Ribadesella–Tina Mayor Asturias 3,600 A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6019 019 ES019 Riaño Riaño Castilla y León 70,000 B2, B3, C2, C6020 020 ES020 Picos de Europa mountain range Picos de Europa Asturias, Cantabria, 132,000 A3, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6

Castilla y León021 021 ES021 Fuentes Carrionas Fuentes Carrionas Castilla y León 66,000 B2, C6022 022 ES022 Peña Labra and Cordel mountain ranges Sierras de Peña Labra y del Cordel Cantabria, Castilla y León 110,000 B2, B3, C6023 023 ES023 River Ebro dam Embalse del Ebro Cantabria, Castilla y León 11,600 A4i, B1i, B2, C3024 024 — Tina Menor–Sarnosa island–Oyambre Tina Menor–Isla Sarnosa–Oyambre Cantabria 1,100 C6025 025 — Portios islets–Conejera island Islotes de Portios–Isla Conejera Cantabria 10 C6026 026 — Santander bay–Mouro islet Bahía de Santander–Isla de Mouro Cantabria 3,300 B1i, C2, C6027 027 ES024 Santoña marshes Marismas de Santoña Cantabria 6,907 B1i, B2, C2, C3

028 028 ES028 Humada–Peña Amaya Humada–Peña Amaya Castilla y León 41,000 B1iii, B2, C2029 029 ES029, Upper Ebro and Rudrón canyons Hoces del Alto Ebro y Rudrón Castilla y León 74,500 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

ES030030 030 ES032 Oña and Tesla mountain ranges Sierras de Oña y de la Tesla Castilla y León 37,800 B2, C2, C6031 031 ES035 Obarenes mountains Montes Obarenes Castilla y León, La Rioja 35,000 B2, C2, C6032 032 — Valdegovía–Arcena mountain range Valdegovía–Sierra de Arcena Castilla y León, País Vasco 20,000 B1iii, B2, C2, C6033 033 ES033 La Losa–Orduña (Salvada mountain range) La Losa–Orduña (Sierra Salvada) Castilla y León, País Vasco 20,000 B1iii, B2, C2, C6034 034 ES034 Sobrón canyon Hoz de Sobrón Castilla y León, País Vasco 4,800 B1iii, B2, C2, C6035 035 ES025 Guernica estuary–Cape Ogoño Ría de Guernica–Cabo de Ogoño País Vasco 4,000 B1i, C2, C6036 036 — Izki mountains Montes de Izki País Vasco 9,250 B3, C2, C6037 037 — Chingudi–Bidasoa estuary Chingudi–Estuario del Bidasoa País Vasco 525 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, C1,

C2, C3038 038 ES036, Tierra de Campos steppes Tierra de Campos Castilla y León 268,000 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3,

ES037 C1, C2, C3, C6039 039 ES038 Villafáfila Villafáfila Castilla y León 32,682 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C3, C6040 040 ES301 Esla dam Embalse del Esla Castilla y León 22,300 A1, C1041 041 ES039 Belver de los Montes–Gallegos del Pan Belver de los Montes–Gallegos del Pan Castilla y León 40,300 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6042 042 — River Pisuerga at Dueñas Río Pisuerga en Dueñas Castilla y León 2,300 B2, C6043 043 — Carrión–Frómista Carrión–Frómista Castilla y León 58,500 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

044 044 ES059 Cerrato high moor Páramos del Cerrato Castilla y León 108,000 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6045 045 ES139 La Demanda mountains Sierra de la Demanda Castilla y León, La Rioja 133,000 B2, C6046 046 ES140 Urbión and Cebollera mountain ranges Sierras de Urbión y Cebollera Castilla y León, La Rioja 142,000 B2, B3, C6047 047 ES141 Gorges of Iregua, Leza and Jubera Hoces del Iregua, el Leza y el Jubera La Rioja 23,400 B1iii, B2, C2, C6048 048 ES142 Arnedillo–Isasa crag Arnedillo–Peña Isasa La Rioja 5,530 B1iii, B2, C2, C6049 049 ES143 Alcarama mountain and Alhama river Sierra de Alcarama y Río Alhama Castilla y León, La Rioja 10,500 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6050 050 ES057 River Lobos canyon Cañón del Río Lobos Castilla y León 9,580 B1iii, B2, C2051 051 ES058 Arlanza valley–Peñas de Cervera Valle del Arlanza–Peñas de Cervera Castilla y León 26,000 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6052 052 ES054 Montejo de la Vega–Riaza canyon Montejo de la Vega–Hoces del Riaza Castilla y León 9,400 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6053 053 ES053 Duratón canyon Cañón del Duratón Castilla y León 8,800 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6054 054 — River Cega–Tierra de Pinares–Cantalejo Río Cega–Tierra de Pinares–Cantalejo Castilla y León 25,500 B2, B3, C6055 055 ES051 River Moros Río Moros Castilla y León 11,500 B2, B3, C6

056 056 ES062 Northern slope of Guadarrama Umbría de Guadarrama Castilla y León 54,500 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6mountain range

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Table 1 ... continued. Summary of Important Bird Areas in Spain. 391 IBAs covering 157,689 km2


057 057 ES052 Segovia Segovia Castilla y León 2,200 B1i, B2, C2

058 058 ES040 Tordesillas–Mota del Marqués Tordesillas–Mota del Marqués Castilla y León 20,000 A1, C1, C6

059 059 ES041 Castronuño–Zamora Castronuño–Zamora Castilla y León 19,500 C6

060 060 ES045 Fuentelapeña–Jambrina Fuentelapeña–Jambrina Castilla y León 25,000 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

061 061 ES042, Tierra de Campiñas steppes Tierra de Campiñas Castilla y León 189,600 A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1,ES043 C2, C6

062 062 — Topas Topas Castilla y León 28,000 A1, B2, C1, C2

063 063 ES046 Arribes del Duero–Fermoselle Arribes del Duero–Fermoselle Castilla y León 53,000 B1i, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

064 064 ES047 Río Huebra–Arribes del Duero Río Huebra–Arribes del Duero Castilla y León 170,000 A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

065 065 ES231 Campo de Argañán Campo de Argañán Castilla y León 47,000 B1i, B2, C2, C6066 066 ES049 Peña de Francia Peña de Francia Castilla y León, Extremadura 65,500 A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

067 067 ES050 Gredos and Candelario mountain ranges Sierras de Gredos y Candelario Castilla y León, Extremadura 173,600 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C6

068 068 — Tiétar valley Valle del Tiétar Castilla y León 86,000 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

069 069 ES050 Iruelas valley Valle de Iruelas Castilla y León 8,440 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

070 070 ES061 El Escorial–San Martín de Valdeiglesias El Escorial–San Martín de Valdeiglesias Castilla y León, 198,400 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6Comunidad de Madrid

071 071 ES063 El Pardo–Viñuelas El Pardo–Viñuelas Comunidad de Madrid 34,000 A1, A3, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

072 072 — Redbeeds and copses of Aranjuez Carrizales y Sotos de Aranjuez Comunidad de Madrid 18,000 C6

073 073 ES065 Cortados del Jarama Cortados del Jarama Comunidad de Madrid 25,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

074 074 ES064 Talamanca–Camarma Talamanca–Camarma Comunidad de Madrid, 52,000 A1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Castilla-La Mancha

075 075 — Alcarria de Alcalá steppes Alcarria de Alcalá Comunidad de Madrid 8,000 A1, C1, C6

076 076 ES062 Alto Lozoya–La Pedriza Alto Lozoya–La Pedriza Comunidad de Madrid 55,000 A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

077 077 ES066 Ayllón mountain range Sierra de Ayllón Castilla y León, 187,000 B2, C6Comunidad de Madrid,Castilla-La Mancha

078 078 ES067 Puebla de Beleña lagoons Puebla de Beleña Castilla-La Mancha 3,100 A4i, B1i, B1iv, C2, C5

079 079 ES055 Tiermes–Caracena Tiermes–Caracena Castilla y León 45,300 B1iii, B2, C2, C6

080 080 ES056 Altos de Barahona high moor Altos de Barahona Castilla y León 29,000 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

081 081 ES070 Layna high moors Páramos de Layna Castilla y León, 2,100 B2, C2, C6Castilla-La Mancha

082 082 ES144 Las Cañas lake Laguna de las Cañas Navarra 101 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

083 083 ES148 Echauri crags Peñas de Echauri Navarra 1,400 B2, C6

084 084 ES151 Gorramendi mountain and Itxusi crags Monte Gorramendi y Peñas de Itxusi Navarra 6,300 B2, C6

085 085 ES152 Roncesvalles–Irati–Abodi mountain range Roncesvalles–Irati–Sierra de Abodi Navarra 39,000 A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, C2, C5, C6

086 086 ES149 Areta, Archuba and Zariquieta mountain Montes de Areta, Archuba y Zariquieta Navarra 19,500 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6ranges

087 087 ES163 Leyre, Illón and San Miguel mountain Sierras de Leyre, Illón y San Miguel Navarra 23,500 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6ranges

088 088 ES147 Izaga crag Peña Izaga Navarra 1,746 B1iii, B2, C2, C6

089 089 ES145 Pitillas and Dos Reinos lagoons Lagunas de Pitillas y Dos Reinos Navarra, Aragón 260 C6

090 090 ES145 Bardenas Reales Bardenas Reales Navarra, Aragón 55,900 A3, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

091 091 — Cinco Villas ponds Carrizales y estancas de las Cinco Villas Aragón 860 C6

092 092 ES188 Moncayo mountain range Sierra del Moncayo Aragón, Castilla y León 47,600 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

093 093 ES190 River Jalón canyon Hoces del Jalón Aragón 23,500 C6

094 094 — Langa–Mara–Belmonte de Calatayud Llanos de Langa–Mara–Belmonte de Aragón 6,100 B2, C2, C6plains Catalayud

095 095 ES192 Gallocanta lake Laguna de Gallocanta Aragón 30,280 A1, A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, C1,C2, C3, C5, C6

096 096 ES193 Blancas–Torralba de los Sisones Blancas–Torralba de los Sisones Aragón 7,850 B2, C2, C6

097 097 ES198 Montes Universales–Albarracín Montes Universales–Sierra de Aragón, Castilla-La Mancha 80,300 B2, C6mountain ranges Albarracín

098 098 ES194 Campo Visiedo Campo Visiedo Aragón 18,000 B2, C2, C6

099 099 ES197 River Guadalope Río Guadalope Aragón 31,800 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

100 100 ES195, River Martín canyons and Arcos Cañones del Río Martín y Sierra Aragón 38,800 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6ES196 mountain range de Arcos

101 101 ES187 Alcañiz salt-lakes Saladas de Alcañiz Aragón 7,360 B1i, C2, C6

102 102 ES185 Lower course of the River Huerva Bajo Huerva Aragón 37,000 B2, C6103 103 ES186 Belchite–Mediana Belchite–Mediana Aragón 53,000 B2, C2, C6

104 104 ES182 River Ebro oxbow lakes Galachos del Río Ebro Aragón 7,400 C6

105 105 ES177 Monegrillo–Pina steppe area–Pina Estepas de Monegrillo–Pina Aragón 43,100 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

106 106 ES178 Los Monegros (South) Los Monegros (Sur) Aragón 49,000 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

107 107 ES183 Valdurrios–Serreta Negra and Sierras de Valdurrios–Serreta Negra Aragón 49,500 B2, C6Los Rincones mountain ranges y Los Rincones

108 108 — Lower course of the River Matarraña– Bajo Matarraña–Ribarroja Aragón, Cataluña 73,500 B1i, B2, C2, C6Ribarroja

519




109 109 — Rivers Cinca and Alcanadre riverine forest Sotos de los ríos Cinca y Alcanadre Aragón, Cataluña 9,450 B1i, C2, C6

110 110 ES179 Ballobar–Candasnos Ballobar–Candasnos Aragón 26,000 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

111 111 — Cinca river rice-fields and steppe area Arrozales y estepas del Cinca medio Aragón 14,400 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

112 112 — Sariñena lake and La Estación pond Laguna de Sariñena y Balsa de la Aragón 610 C6Estación

113 113 ES175 Alcubierre and Sigena mountain ranges Sierras de Alcubierre y Sigena Aragón 64,500 C6

114 114 — Confidential Confidencial Aragón 4,600 C6

115 115 ES174 Zuera mountains Montes de Zuera Aragón 35,000 B2, C6

116 116 ES173 Tormos reservoir (La Sotonera) Embalse de Tormos (La Sotonera) Aragón 7,500 A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, C2, C5

117 117 ES176 Bajo Alcanadre–Serreta de Tramaced Bajo Alcanadre–Serreta de Tramaced Aragón 17,000 B1iii, B2, C2118 118 ES166 Guara mountain range Sierra de Guara Aragón 95,000 A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6

119 119 ES167 Oturia–Canciás Oturia–Canciás Aragón 33,520 B2, C6

120 120 ES165 Santo Domingo–Riglos–Gratal Santo Domingo–Riglos–Gratal Aragón 45,000 A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6

121 121 ES164 San Juan de la Peña–Oroel crag San Juan de la Peña–Peña Oroel Aragón 22,400 B2, B3, C6

122 122 ES150 Dos Ríos and Orba mountain ranges Sierras de los Dos Ríos y de Orba Aragón 34,700 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

123 123 ES153 Belagua–Ansó–Hecho Belagua–Ansó–Hecho Navarra, Aragón 44,500 B1iii, B2, C2, C6

124 124 ES154 Collarada–Telera Collarada–Telera Aragón 21,000 C6

125 125 ES155 Panticosa–Vignemale–Tendeñera Panticosa–Viñamala–Tendeñera Aragón 32,000 B2, C6

126 126 ES156 Ordesa–Bielsa Ordesa–Bielsa Aragón 43,000 A3, B2, C6

127 127 ES157 Gistaín–Cotiella Gistaín–Cotiella Aragón 42,000 B2, C6

128 128 ES158 Posets–Maladeta Posets–Maladeta Aragón 44,700 A3, B2, C6

129 129 ES168 Turbón–Espés–Sis Turbón–Espés–Sis Aragón 43,000 B2, B3, C2, C6130 130 ES159 San Mauricio–Bohí–Beret San Mauricio–Bohí–Beret Cataluña 120,000 A3, B2, C2, C6

131 131 ES169 Sant Gervás mountains Sierra de Sant Gervàs Cataluña 24,500 B2, C2, C6

132 132 ES170 Boumort mountains Sierra del Boumort Cataluña 54,000 B1iii, B2, C2, C6

133 133 ES160 Monteixo–L’Orri–Tornafort Monteixo–L’Orri–Tornafort Cataluña 65,000 B2, C6

134 134 ES161 Cerdaña Cerdaña Cataluña 22,000 B2, C6

135 135 ES171 Cadí mountains Sierra del Cadí Cataluña 69,600 B1iv, B2, C5, C6

136 136 ES162 Fresser–Setcases Fresser–Setcases Cataluña 38,500 C6

137 137 ES199 Ampurdán marshes Aiguamolls del Ampurdán Cataluña 5,454 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

138 138 ES200 Medas islands Islas Medas Cataluña 21 A4i, B1i, C3, C6

139 139 — Mountains of Barcelona Sierras Prelitorales de Barcelona Cataluña 124,000 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6

140 140 — Llobregat delta Delta del Llobregat Cataluña 2,200 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, C1,C2, C3, C6

141 141 — Montagut and Montmell mountains Sierras de Montagut y Montmell Cataluña 44,300 B2, C6

142 142 — Lerida steppes Secanos de Lérida Cataluña 62,500 A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

143 143 ES172 Montsech and Montgai mountains Sierras del Montsech y Montgai Aragón, Cataluña 49,000 B2, C2, C6

144 144 ES181 Cogul–Alfés steppes Cogul–Alfés Cataluña 18,000 B2, C2, C6

145 145 ES201 Montsant and Prades mountains Sierras del Montsant y de Prades Cataluña 80,000 B2, C2, C6

146 146 — Cardó, Tivissa and Llabería mountains Sierras de Cardó, Tivissa y Llaberia Cataluña 68,500 B2, C2, C6

147 147 ES203 Pass of Beceite–Turmell mountain Puertos de Beceite–Monte Turmell Aragón, Cataluña, 107,000 B2, C6País Valenciano

148 148 ES202 Ebro delta Delta del Ebro Cataluña 32,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2,C3, C6

149 149 ES204 Morella pass Puertos de Morella País Valenciano 43,000 B2, C6

150 150 ES205 Peñagolosa Peñagolosa Aragón, País Valenciano 83,000 B2, B3, C6

151 151 ES206 Espadán mountain range Sierra de Espadán País Valenciano 59,400 B2, C6

152 152 ES211 Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca País Valenciano 860 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

153 153 ES210 Columbretes islands Islas Columbretes País Valenciano 2,500 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

154 154 ES212 River Mijares mouth Desembocadura del Río Mijares País Valenciano 375 A4i, B1i, C2, C3, C6

155 155 ES213 Almenara marshes Lagunas y Marjal de Almenara País Valenciano 3,000 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

156 156 — El Moro marshes Marjal de El Moro País Valenciano 350 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

157 157 ES207 Turia canyon and Los Serranos Hoces del Turia y Los Serranos Castilla-La Mancha, 135,000 B2, B3, C2, C6País Valenciano

158 158 ES208 Rivers Cabriel and Júcar canyons Hoces del Cabriel y del Júcar Castilla-La Mancha, 163,000 B2, C2, C6País Valenciano

159 159 ES214 Albufera de Valencia marshes Albufera de Valencia País Valenciano 21,120 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

160 160 — La Safor and North Alicante mountain Sierras de La Safor y Norte de Alicante País Valenciano 102,000 B2, B3, C6ranges

161 161 — Enguera mountain range–La Canal de Sierrra de Enguera–La Canal de País Valenciano 52,500 B2, C6Navarrés Navarrés

162 162 — Pego–Oliva marshes Marjales de Pego–Oliva País Valenciano 1,290 B1i, B2, C2, C6163 163 ES209 Marina mountain ranges Sierras de la Marina País Valenciano 102,300 B2, C2, C6

164 164 — Alicante islets Islotes de Alicante País Valenciano 40 B1ii, B2, C2, C6

165 165 ES215 El Hondo wetland El Hondo País Valenciano 2,387 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

520



IBA National 1989code code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p.11)

166 166 ES216 Santa Pola saltpans Salinas de Santa Pola País Valenciano 2,496 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2,C3, C6

167 167 ES217 Mata and Torrevieja lagoons Lagunas de la Mata y Torrevieja País Valenciano 3,755 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

168 168 — El Valle, Altaona and Escalona mountains Monte El Valle y Sierras de Altaona Murcia, País Valenciano 24,000 B1iii, C2, C6y Escalona

169 169 ES218 Mar Menor coastal lagoon Mar Menor Murcia 14,933 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2,C3, C6

170 170 ES219 Littoral islets of Murcia and Almería Islotes litorales de Murcia y Almeria Andalucía, Murcia 300 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6171 171 — Fausilla mountains Sierra de la Fausilla Murcia 900 B2, C6

172 172 — Muela mountain range and Cape Tiñoso Sierra de la Muela y Cabo Tiñoso Murcia 11,700 B2, C6173 173 — La Almenara mountain range–Cape Cope Sierra de La Almenara–Cabo Cope Murcia 25,850 B2, C6

174 174 — Torrecilla and Gigante mountain ranges Sierra de la Torrecilla y del Gigante Murcia 42,000 B2, C6175 175 ES222 Guadalentín saltmarshes Saladares del Guadalentín Murcia 6,800 C6

176 176 — Las Cabras plain Llanos de las Cabras Murcia 1,300 B2, C6177 177 — Burete, Cambrón and Espuña mountain Sierras de Burete, del Cambrón y Murcia 47,000 B2, C6

ranges de Espuña

178 178 ES221 Quipar reservoir, Molino mountain range Embalse de Quipar, Sierra del Molino Murcia 22,000 B2, C6and Cagitán plains y Llanos del Cagitán

179 179 — Ricote and Nevela mountain ranges Sierras de Ricote y Nevela Murcia 9,500 B2, C6

180 180 — Pila mountain range Sierra de la Pila Murcia 8,900 B2, C6181 181 ES220 Moratalla mountain range Sierra de Moratalla Murcia 21,000 C6

182 182 ES077 Pétrola–Almansa–Yecla Pétrola–Almansa–Yecla Murcia, Castilla-La Mancha 75,800 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6183 183 ES078, River Mundo and River Segura canyons Hoces del Río Mundo y del Río Segura Castilla-La Mancha 78,000 B2, C6

ES079

184 184 ES080 Campo de Montiel Campo de Montiel Castilla-La Mancha 153,500 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6185 185 ES081 San Clemente–Villarrobledo San Clemente–Villarrobledo Castilla-La Mancha 103,000 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

186 186 ES076 Canyons on the middle section of the Hoces del Cabriel Medio Castilla-La Mancha 52,300 B2, C6Cabriel river

187 187 ES072 Cuenca mountain ranges Serranía de Cuenca Castilla-La Mancha 102,000 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

188 188 ES069 Upper sections of the Rivers Tajo and Alto Tajo y Tajuña Castilla-La Mancha 157,000 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Tajuña

189 189 ES071 Embid–Molina high moors Paramera de Embid–Molina Castilla-La Mancha 13,500 B2, C2, C6

190 190 ES191 River Mesa canyons Cortados del Río Mesa Aragón, Castilla-La Mancha 12,500 B1iii, B2, C2, C6191 191 ES068 Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs Embalses de Entrepeñas y Buendía Castilla-La Mancha 38,500 B1i, B2, C2

192 192 ES083 El Hito El Hito Castilla-La Mancha 24,000 A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6193 193 ES083 Tarancón–Ocaña–Corral de Almaguer Tarancón–Ocaña–Corral de Almaguer Castilla-La Mancha 129,100 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

194 194 ES084, Tembleque–La Guardia plains Llanos de Tembleque–La Guardia Castilla-La Mancha 128,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6ES085

195 195 ES086 Alcázar de San Juan–Quero endorreic Complejo lagunar de Alcázar de Castilla-La Mancha 58,500 A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2,lagoons San Juan–Quero C3, C6

196 196 ES082 Pedro Muñoz–Manjavacas endorreic Complejo lagunar de Pedro Muñoz– Castilla-La Mancha 41,500 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6lagoons Manjavacas

197 197 ES087 Tablas de Daimiel marshes; ‘Vicario’ and Tablas de Daimiel, Embalses del Castilla-La Mancha 31,500 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6‘Gasset’ reservoirs and Malagón lakes Vicario y Gasset y Navas de Malagón

198 198 ES092 Castrejón reservoir Embalse de Castrejón Castilla-La Mancha 3,800 C6

199 199 ES093 Torrijos Torrijos Castilla-La Mancha 28,600 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

200 200 — Malpica island (River Tagus) Isla de Malpica (Río Tajo) Castilla-La Mancha 4 A4i, B1i, C3, C6

201 201 ES096 Rosarito and Navalcán reservoirs– Embalses de Rosarito y Navalcán– Castilla-La Mancha 70,000 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6La Iglesuela (Tiétar valley) La Iglesuela (Valle del Tiétar)

202 202 ES095 Oropesa plains Llanos de Oropesa Castilla-La Mancha 45,500 A1, B2, C1, C6

203 203 ES094 Azután reservoir Embalse de Azután Castilla-La Mancha 933 A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6

204 204 ES090, Toledo mountains–Cabañeros Montes de Toledo-Cabañeros Castilla-La Mancha 324,500 A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1,ES091 C2, C6

205 205 ES089 Canalizos mountain range (Saceruela) Sierra de los Canalizos (Saceruela) Castilla-La Mancha 100,000 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

206 206 — Campo de Calatrava Campo de Calatrava Castilla-La Mancha 102,000 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

207 207 ES088 Alcudia valley and mountain range Valle y Sierra de Alcudia Andalucía, 226,300 A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6Castilla-La Mancha

208 208 ES236 Madrona and Andújar mountain ranges Sierra Madrona–Sierra de Andújar Andalucía, 212,300 A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6Castilla-La Mancha

209 209 ES237 Aldeaquemada–Dañador Aldeaquemada–Dañador Andalucía, 46,000 A1, B2, C1, C6Castilla-La Mancha

210 210 ES238 Cazorla and Segura mountain ranges Sierras de Cazorla y Segura Andalucía, 250,000 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Castilla-La Mancha

211 211 ES223 Puebla de Don Fadrique–Las Cañadas Puebla de Don Fadrique–Las Cañadas Andalucía 52,140 A1, B2, C1, C6

212 212 — María mountain range–Los Vélez Sierra de María–Los Vélez Andalucía 82,880 B2, C6

213 213 ES224 Hoya de Baza Hoya de Baza Andalucía 38,600 B2, C2, C6

214 214 ES225 Hoya de Guadix Hoya de Guadix Andalucía 47,000 B2, C2, C6

521



IBA National 1989code code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p.11)

215 215 ES228 Alhamilla mountain range–Campo Sierra Alhamilla–Campo de Níjar Andalucía 80,000 B2, C2, C6de Níjar plain

216 216 ES226, Mountain range and saltpans at Cabo Sierra y salinas de Cabo de Gata Andalucía 46,100 A1, A3, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1,ES227 de Gata C2, C6

217 217 ES229 Tabernas desert Desierto de Tabernas Andalucía 25,000 B2, C6218 218 — Gádor mountain range Sierra de Gádor Andalucía 57,210 B2, C2, C6219 219 ES230 Wetlands of western Almería Humedales del Poniente Almeriense Andalucía 3,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6220 220 ES270 Chafarinas Islands Islas Chafarinas Melilla 50 A1, A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, C1, C2,

C3, C6

221 221 — Alborán island Isla de Alborán Andalucía 7 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6222 222 ES269 Sierra Nevada mountain range Sierra Nevada Andalucía 245,000 B2, C2, C6223 223 ES268 Prelittoral mountain ranges of Granada Sierras prelitorales de Granada Andalucía 125,000 B2, C2, C6224 224 — Mouth of the River Guadalhorce Desembocadura del Río Guadalhorce Andalucía 125 A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C6225 225 ES266 Antequera mountain range–El Chorro Sierra de Antequera–El Chorro Andalucía 23,500 B2, C2, C6226 226 ES242 Mountain ranges of Córdoba Sierras Subbéticas de Córdoba Andalucía 63,000 B2, C6227 227 ES241 Mountain ranges south of Jaén Sierras al sur de Jaén Andalucía 200,000 B2, C2, C6228 228 ES239 Middle section of River Guadalquivir Embalses del Tramo medio del Andalucía 663 B1iii, B2, C2, C6

reservoirs Guadalquivir229 229 — Jaén countryside Campiña de Jaén Andalucía 35,500 A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6230 230 ES240 Marmolejo reservoir–La Ropera Embalse de Marmolejo–La Ropera Andalucía 675 C6

231 231 — Conde, Chinche and Honda lakes Lagunas de Conde, Chinche y Honda Andalucía 420 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6232 232 — Córdoba countryside Campiña alta de Córdoba Andalucía 116,000 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6233 233 ES235 Hinojosa del Duque–El Viso Hinojosa del Duque–El Viso Andalucía 30,000 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2234 234 ES234 Los Blázquez–La Granjuela– Los Blázquez–La Granjuela– Andalucía 32,000 A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Fuenteovejuna Fuenteovejuna235 235 ES233 Sierra Morena de Córdoba Sierra Morena de Córdoba Andalucía 119,715 A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6236 236 ES232 Sierra Morena de Sevilla Sierra Morena de Sevilla Andalucía 164,840 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6237 237 ES244 Carmona countryside Campiña de Carmona Andalucía 18,200 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6238 238 — Écija–Osuna plain Llanura cerealista de Écija–Osuna Andalucía 62,200 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

239 239 ES243 Wetlands at south Córdoba Zonas húmedas del sur de Córdoba Andalucía 3,054 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6240 240 ES267 Fuente de Piedra, Gosque and Campillos Lagunas de Fuente de Piedra, Gosque Andalucía 10,600 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

lakes y Campillos241 241 ES264, Mountain ranges of Ronda, Bermeja Serranía de Ronda, Sierras Bermeja Andalucía 105,000 B2, C6

ES265 and Crestellina y Crestellina242 242 ES263 Líjar mountain range–Zaframagon crag Sierra de Líjar–Peñón de Zaframagón Andalucía 6,850 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6243 243 ES262 Ubrique and Grazalema mountain ranges Sierras de Ubrique y Grazalema Andalucía 90,500 A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6244 244 ES261 Cabras, Aljibe and Montecoche Sierras de las Cabras, del Aljibe y Andalucía 133,500 A1, A4iv, B1iii, B1iv, B2, C1,

mountain range de Montecoche C2, C5, C6245 245 ES260 Bujeo, Ojén, del Niño and Blanquilla Sierras del Bujeo, Ojén, del Niño y Andalucía 42,100 A4ii, A4iv, B1iii, B1iv, B2, C2,

mountain ranges Blanquilla C5, C6246 246 ES259 Tarifa Tarifa Andalucía 5,000 A1, A4i, A4ii, A4iv, B1i, B1iii,

B1iv, B2, C1, C2, C5247 247 — Ceuta Ceuta Ceuta 1,900 A1, A4i, A4ii, A4iv, B1i, B1iii,

B1iv, C1, C2, C3, C5248 248 ES258 De la Plata mountain range Sierra de la Plata Andalucía 3,000 A4iv, B1iv, C5249 249 ES256 Tajo de Barbate coastal cliffs Tajo de Barbate Andalucía 2,017 A4i, B1i, C3250 250 ES257 La Janda La Janda Andalucía 20,000 A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, C2, C3,

C5251 251 ES251 Cádiz Bay Bahía de Cádiz Andalucía 12,500 A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6252 252 ES252, Medina and Puerto Real lagoons Laguna de Medina y de Puerto Real Andalucía 4,900 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

ES253253 253 ES250 Terry lagoons Lagunas de Terry Andalucía 350 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6254 254 ES254 Bornos reservoir Embalse de Bornos Andalucía 2,500 A4i, B1i, C2, C3, C6255 255 ES255 Medina–Sidonia Medina–Sidonia Andalucía 22,000 A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3, C6256 256 — Confidential Confidencial Andalucía 2,000 A1, C1257 257 — Los Tollos lake Laguna de Los Tollos Andalucía 100 A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2258 258 ES249 Lebrija, Las Cabezas and Espera lagoons Lagunas de Lebrija, Las Cabezas Andalucía 7,600 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

y Espera259 259 ES247 Guadalquivir marshes Marismas del Guadalquivir Andalucía 230,000 A1, A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, B3,

C1, C2, C3, C5, C6260 260 — Condado–Campiña Condado–Campiña Andalucía 56,500 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6261 261 ES246 Odiel and Tinto marshes and Huelva Marismas del Tinto y el Odiel y Andalucía 14,900 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

coastal lagoons Lagunas costeras de Huelva262 262 — River Piedras marshes and Rompido Marismas del Río Piedras y Flecha Andalucía 3,120 B1i, B2, C2

sandbank del Rompido263 263 ES245 Isla Cristina and Ayamonte marshes Marismas de Isla Cristina y Ayamonte Andalucía 3,390 A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6

and Prado lagoon y Laguna del Prado Hondo

522




264 264 — West Andévalo Andévalo Occidental Andalucía 45,800 A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

265 265 ES231 Sierra Pelada mountain range Sierra de Pelada Andalucía 48,000 A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

266 266 ES231 Las Contiendas mountain range Sierra de las Contiendas Andalucía 35,000 B1i, B1iii, C2

267 267 ES231 East mountain range of Huelva Sierra oriental de Huelva Andalucía 71,000 B1i, B2, C2, C6

268 268 ES131 Fuente de Cantos–Montemolín Fuente de Cantos–Montemolín Extremadura 49,000 A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

269 269 ES134, Azuaga–Llerena–Peraleda de Zaucejo Azuaga–Llerena–Peraleda de Zaucejo Extremadura 147,000 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3,ES135 C1, C2, C6

270 270 ES133 Central Badajoz mountain ranges Sierras Centrales de Badajoz Extremadura 90,000 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

271 271 ES132 Bienvenida–Usagre–Ribera del Fresno Bienvenida–Usagre–Ribera del Fresno Extremadura 6,700 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

272 272 ES130 Valuengo reservoir Embalse de Valuengo Extremadura 11,200 A4i, B1i, C2, C3273 273 ES129 Jerez de los Caballeros dehesas Dehesas de Jerez de los Caballeros Extremadura 160,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

274 274 ES128 Villanueva del Fresno Villanueva del Fresno Extremadura 7,800 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2

275 275 ES127 Valongo Valongo Extremadura 2,800 A4i, B1i, C3, C6

276 276 ES125, Olivenza–La Albuera Olivenza–La Albuera Extremadura 79,000 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6ES126

277 277 — Alange Alange Extremadura 66,500 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2

278 278 — Villalba de los Barros Villalba de los Barros Extremadura 12,500 A1, B2, C1, C2

279 279 ES136 Puerto de Mejoral–Almorchón– Puerto de Mejoral–Almorchón– Extremadura 82,500 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Cabeza del Buey Cabeza del Buey

280 280 ES137 La Serena La Serena Extremadura 109,800 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2,C3, C6

281 281 ES138 Siruela–Agudo Siruela–Agudo Extremadura 66,000 A4i, B1i, C2282 282 ES107 Cijara reservoir Embalse de Cíjara Extremadura, 73,500 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

Castilla-La Mancha

283 283 ES108 Puerto Peña reservoir–Valdecaballeros Embalse de Puerto Peña– Extremadura 32,000 A1, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Valdecaballeros

284 284 ES109, Pela mountain range–Orellana Sierra de Pela–Embalse de Orellana– Extremadura 140,000 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3,ES110 reservoir–Zorita Zorita C1, C2, C3, C6

285 285 — Don Benito–Guareña Don Benito–Guareña Extremadura 31,000 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2286 286 — Valdehornillos–Santa Amalia Valdehornillos–Santa Amalia Extremadura 23,000 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

287 287 ES120 Montánchez mountain range–Cornalvo Sierra de Montánchez–Embalse Extremadura 54,500 A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2reservoir de Cornalvo

288 288 ES122 Mérida–Montijo reservoir Mérida–Embalse de Montijo Extremadura 4,100 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C3, C6

289 289 ES121 Lácara–Morante Lácara–Morante Extremadura 56,900 A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6290 290 ES124 Botoa–Villar del Rey Botoa–Villar del Rey Extremadura 47,800 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2

291 291 ES118 San Pedro mountain range Sierra de San Pedro Extremadura 295,000 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1,C2, C3, C6

292 292 ES116 Cedillo reservoir Embalse del Cedillo Extremadura 53,000 A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

293 293 ES115 Brozas–Membrío Brozas–Membrío Extremadura 94,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6294 294 ES114 Malpartida de Cáceres–Arroyo de la Luz Malpartida de Cáceres–Arroyo de la Luz Extremadura 43,900 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

295 295 ES118 Plain between Cáceres and Trujillo– Llanos entre Cáceres y Trujillo– Extremadura 103,000 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3,Aldea del Cano Aldea del Cano C1, C2, C6

296 296 ES111 Trujillo–Torrecillas de la Tiesa Trujillo–Torrecillas de la Tiesa Extremadura 108,500 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3,C1, C2, C3, C6

297 297 ES106 Las Villuercas mountain range Sierras de las Villuercas Extremadura 216,230 A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6298 298 ES103 Monfragüe Monfragüe Extremadura 155,000 A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6

299 299 ES101, Alcántara reservoir–Cuatro Lugares Embalse de Alcántara–Cuatro Lugares Extremadura 116,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6ES102

300 300 ES100 Coria mountain ranges Sierras de Coria Extremadura 71,500 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6

301 301 ES099 Borbollón reservoir Embalse del Borbollón Extremadura 48,400 A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C3302 302 ES097 East Gata mountain range Solana de la Sierra de Gata Extremadura 86,600 A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6

303 303 ES098 Gabriel y Galán reservoir Embalse de Gabriel y Galán Extremadura 55,000 B1i, C2304 304 — Plasencia and San Bernabé mountain range Plasencia y Sierra de San Bernabé Extremadura 18,000 A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2

305 305 — Lower Tiétar river and La Vera valley Bajo Tiétar y rampa de La Vera Extremadura 73,000 B1i, B2, C2, C6306 306 ES104, Campo Arañuelo–Valdecañas reservoir Campo Arañuelo–Embalse de Extremadura, 81,950 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

ES105 Valdecañas Castilla-La Mancha307 307 ES271 Islets Vedrá and Vedranell Islotes de Vedrá y Vedranell Baleares 100 A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6308 308 — Isle of Conejera and islets of Bledes and Isla Conejera e islotes de Bledes y Baleares 147 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3,

Espartar (Ibiza) Espartar (Ibiza) C1, C2, C6309 309 ES272 Cape Nonó–Isle of Murada Cabo Nonó–Isla Murada Baleares 1,000 A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6

310 310 ES273 Tagomago island Isla de Tagomago Baleares 90 A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6311 311 — Islets of Santa Eulalia, Redona and Islotes de Santa Eulalia, Redona y Baleares 6 A1, B1ii, C1, C2, C6

Es Canar (Ibiza) Es Canar (Ibiza)312 312 ES274, Saltpans of Ibiza and Formentera and Salinas de Ibiza y Formentera e islas Baleares 2,600 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3,

ES275 Freus isles de los Freus C1, C2, C3, C6313 313 — Cape Barbaria Cabo de Barbaria Baleares 100 A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B3, C2, C6

523




314 314 ES276 La Mola of Formentera La Mola de Formentera Baleares 1,800 A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B3, C2, C3, C6

315 315 ES277 Dragonera island–La Trapa Isla Dragonera–La Trapa Baleares 2,660 A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B1iii,B2, B3, C1, C2, C6

316 316 ES278 Tramuntana mountains Sierra de Tramuntana (Norte) Baleares 54,953 A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, C1,C2, C6

317 317 ES279 Cape Pinar Cabo Pinar Baleares 2,500 B3, C6

318 318 ES280 Albufera de Mallorca and Albufereta Albufera de Mallorca y Albufereta Baleares 2,800 A1, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6de Pollença marshes de Pollença

319 319 ES281 Cape Freu–Cape Farrutx Cabo del Freu–Cabo Farrutx Baleares 500 B1i, C2, C6

320 320 ES282 Cape Vermell Cabo Vermell Baleares 150 B1i, C2

321 321 ES283 Salobrar de Campos lagoons–Sa Vall Lagunas de Salobrar de Campos–Sa Vall Baleares 2,397 B2, B3, C6

322 322 ES284 Coastal cliffs between Cape Enderrocat Acantilados entre Cap Enderrocat Baleares 900 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C6and Cala Pí y Cala Pí

323 323 ES285 Coastal cliffs between isles of Malgrats Acantilados costeros entre las Islas Baleares 440 B1i, B1ii, B3, C2, C6and Cala Figuera Malgrats y Cala Figuera

324 324 ES286 Archipelago of Cabrera Archipiélago de Cabrera Baleares 10,000 A1, A3, A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3,C1, C2, C3, C6

325 325 ES287 North and east coasts of Minorca and Costa Norte y Este de Menorca e Baleares 17,900 A1, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C1,Island of Aire Isla del Aire C2, C6

326 326 ES288 Ravines and pinewoods in central Barrancos y pinares centrales de Baleares 30,200 B1i, B2, C2, C6Minorca Menorca

327 327 CI001 Lanzarote islets Los islotes de Lanzarote Las Palmas 4,000 A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6

328 328 CI002 Famara crag Riscos de Famara Las Palmas 1,350 B2, C2, C6329 329 CI004 Haría–Tabayesco Haría–Tabayesco Las Palmas 2,350 B2, C6

330 330 CI010 Tenegüime gully Barranco de Tenegüime Las Palmas 421 B2, C6331 331 CI007 Plains of La Corona–Las Honduras Llanos de La Corona–Las Honduras Las Palmas 3,470 B2, B3, C2, C6

332 332 CI006 Famara sandy plain Jable de Famara Las Palmas 5,700 B2, B3, C2, C6333 333 CI008 El Mojón El Mojón Las Palmas 60 B2, C6

334 334 CI003 Janubio saltpans Salinas de Janubio Las Palmas 169 B2, C6335 335 CI009 Plains of Mareta–Hoya de la Yegua Llanos de Mareta–Hoya de la Yegua Las Palmas 3,600 B2, B3, C2, C6

336 336 CI023 Island of Lobos Isla de Lobos Las Palmas 468 A4ii, B1ii, B2, C2, C6337 337 CI024 Sandy plain of Corralejo Jable de Corralejo Las Palmas 2,668 B2, B3, C2, C6338 338 CI015 Morro Tabaiba–Morro de los Rincones- Morro Tabaiba–Morro de los Las Palmas 1,150 A1, A2, B2, C1, C2, C6

Vallebrón mountains Rincones-Vallebrón

339 339 CI026 Río Cabras gully Barranco de Río Cabras Las Palmas 100 A1, B2, C1340 340 CI020 Cuchillete de Buenavista–gully of Cuchillete de Buenavista–Barranco Las Palmas 7,500 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6

La Torre–Los Alares de La Torre–Los Alares

341 341 CI022 Pozo Negro mountain – Vigán Macizo de Pozo Negro – Vigán Las Palmas 8,000 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6342 342 CI019 Tarajalejo mountain range Macizo de Tarajalejo Las Palmas 2,200 A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

343 343 CI025 Sotavento beach Playa de Sotavento Las Palmas 450 B2, C7344 344 CI021 Peninsula of Jandía Península de Jandía Las Palmas 12,400 A1, B2, B3, C1, C6

345 345 CI012 Isthmus of Jandía sandy plain Jable del Istmo de Jandía Las Palmas 3,900 B2, B3, C2, C6346 346 CI016 Gully of Ajuí–Betancuria Barranco de Ajuí–Betancuria Las Palmas 700 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6

347 347 CI017 Los Molinos gully–Plain of La Laguna Barranco de Los Molinos–Llano de Las Palmas 1,700 A1, B2, B3, C1, C6La Laguna

348 348 CI018 Coast of Esquinzo–Puertito de Costa de Esquinzo–Puertito de Las Palmas 250 B2, C6Los Molinos Los Molinos

349 349 CI013 Lajares sandy plain–Cotillo–Ezquinzo Jable de Lajares–Cotillo–Ezquinzo Las Palmas 6,800 B2, B3, C2, C6350 350 CI014 Coast between Corralejo and Tostón Costa de Corralejo a Tostón Las Palmas 530 A1, B2, C1, C6

351 351 CI041 Coast between Arinaga and Castillo Costa de Arinaga–Castillo del Romeral Las Palmas 1,100 B2, C7del Romeral

352 352 CI046 Tirajana pine woodland Pinar de Tirajana Las Palmas 3,600 B2, C6

353 353 CI045 Tauro pine woodland Pinar de Tauro Las Palmas 800 B2, C6354 354 CI044 Pajonales, Ojeda, Inagua and La Data Pinares de Pajonales, Ojeda, Inagua Las Palmas 3,700 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6

pine woodlands y la Data

355 355 CI043 Tamadaba pine woodland Pinar de Tamadaba Las Palmas 3,400 A2, B2, C6356 356 CI029 Anaga rocky islets Roques de Anaga Santa Cruz de Tenerife 10 B1ii, B2, C2, C6

357 357 CI034 San Andrés, Pijaral and Anaga mountains Montes de San Andrés, Pijaral y Anaga Santa Cruz de Tenerife 860 A1, B2, C1358 358 CI032 Las Vueltas, Aguas Negras and Monte de Las Vueltas, Aguas Negras Santa Cruz de Tenerife 450 A1, B2, B3, C1

Quebrades mountains y Quebrades

359 359 CI035 Las Mercedes, Mina y Yedra, Aguirre, Montes de Las Mercedes, Mina y Yedra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 2,000 A1, B2, B3, C1, C6La Goleta, and Pedro Alvarez mountains Aguirre, La Goleta y Pedro Alvarez

360 360 CI040 Los Rodeos–La Esperanza Los Rodeos–La Esperanza Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,200 B2361 361 CI031 La Playa islet Roque de la Playa Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1 B2, C6362 362 CI037 Santa Úrsula and La Victoria laurel forest Monte Verde de Santa Úrsula y Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,800 A1, B2, C1, C6

La Victoria363 363 CI033 Tigaiga slope Ladera de Tigaiga Santa Cruz de Tenerife 370 A1, B2, C1, C6

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Species IBA code

Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Duck 165, 166, 252, 257, 258, 259Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck 165, 194, 195, 196, 219, 231, 239, 240, 253,

257, 258, 259, 318Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture 056, 066, 069, 070, 076, 204, 205, 207, 208,

235, 236, 264, 265, 282, 289, 291, 292, 297,298, 302, 316

Aquila adalberti Spanish Imperial Eagle 056, 068, 070, 071, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209,235, 236, 252, 255, 256, 258, 259, 264, 270,283, 291, 297, 298, 299, 300

Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel 038, 039, 041, 061, 073, 074, 106, 110, 185,195, 202, 206, 207, 211, 229, 232, 233, 237,238, 244, 246, 247, 260, 268, 269, 273, 284,288, 291, 293, 295, 296, 299, 304

Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard 038, 044, 061, 074, 075, 105, 106, 142, 182,184, 185, 193, 194, 199, 202, 206, 232, 268,269, 271, 274, 276, 280, 284, 285, 287, 290,293, 294, 295, 296, 299

Table 2. Important Bird Areas in Spain that are important for species of global conservation concern (meeting criterion A1).

Species IBA code

Otis tarda Great Bustard 038, 039, 040, 041, 043, 044, 058, 060, 061,062, 074, 075, 080, 095, 106, 182, 184, 185,193, 194, 199, 202, 206, 238, 269, 271, 274,276, 277, 278, 280, 284, 285, 290, 291, 293,294, 295, 296, 299, 301

Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull 140, 148, 152, 153, 159, 167, 169, 170, 216,219, 220, 221, 224, 246, 247, 259, 308, 311,312, 315, 324, 325

Columba bollii Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 366, 375, 376, 379,380, 388

Columba junoniae 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 366, 375, 376, 379,White-tailed Laurel Pigeon 380, 383

Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 346, 347, 350Acrocephalus paludicola Aquatic Warbler 004, 037Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch 354, 368, 369, 370



364 364 — Santo Domingo coastal cliffs Acantilados de Santo Domingo Santa Cruz de Tenerife 7 B2, C6365 365 CI030 Garachico rocky islet Roque de Garachico Santa Cruz de Tenerife 5 B2, C6366 366 CI036 Mountain of Agua, gully of Los Cochinos Monte del Agua, Barranco de los Santa Cruz de Tenerife 800 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6

and gully of Cuevas Negras Cochinos y Barranco de Cuevas Negras367 367 CI028 Los Gigantes coastal cliff Acantilado de Los Gigantes Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,000 B2, B3, C6368 368 CI027 Tágara gully Barranco de Tágara Santa Cruz de Tenerife 400 A1, B2, C1, C6369 369 CI039 Vilaflor pine woodland Pinar de Vilaflor Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,750 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6370 370 CI038 Arico pine woodland Pinar de Arico Santa Cruz de Tenerife 3,000 A1, A2, B2, C1, C6371 371 — Centinela mountain and La Esquina plain Montaña Centinela y Llano de la Esquina Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,600 B2, C6372 372 — El Médano coast El Médano Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,000 B2, C6373 373 — Rasca lava-fields–Guaza mountain– Malpaís de Rasca–Montaña de Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1,400 B2, C2

Las Mesas plain Guaza–Llano de las Mesas374 374 CI047 Majona coast Costa de Majona Santa Cruz de Tenerife 170 B2, C2375 375 CI050 Step rocks of Hermigua and Agulo Riscos de Hermigua y Agulo Santa Cruz de Tenerife 450 A1, B2, C1, C6376 376 CI051 Garajonay National Park Parque Nacional de Garajonay Santa Cruz de Tenerife 3,984 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6377 377 CI049 Vallehermoso coast Costa de Vallehermoso Santa Cruz de Tenerife 59 C6378 378 CI048 South-west coast of La Gomera Costa meridional de La Gomera Santa Cruz de Tenerife 600 B1ii, B2, C2, C6379 379 CI052 La Palma laurel forest Monte Verde de La Palma Santa Cruz de Tenerife 14,800 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6380 380 CI056 El Canal y Los Tiles laurel forest El Canal y Los Tiles Santa Cruz de Tenerife 511 A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6381 381 CI054 Negro rocky islet Roque Negro Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1 B2, C6382 382 CI053 Garafía rocky islets Roques de Garafía Santa Cruz de Tenerife 4 B2, C2, C6383 383 CI055 La Caldera de Taburiente National Park Parque Nacional de La Caldera de Santa Cruz de Tenerife 4,690 A1, B2, B3, C1, C6

Taburiente384 384 — El Roque coastal cliffs El Roque Santa Cruz de Tenerife 40 B2, C6385 385 CI058 Ventejís mountain Macizo de Ventejís Santa Cruz de Tenerife 870 C6386 386 CI063 Nizdafe plains Llanos de Nizdafe Santa Cruz de Tenerife 2,000 B3387 387 CI062 Salmor rocky islets Roques de Salmor Santa Cruz de Tenerife 5 B1ii, B2, C2, C6388 388 CI059 Frontera laurel forest Monte Verde de Frontera Santa Cruz de Tenerife 2,300 A1, B2, B3, C1, C6389 389 CI061 Western coast of El Hierro Costa occidental de El Hierro Santa Cruz de Tenerife 600 B1ii, B2, C2, C6390 390 CI057 La Dehesa grasslands La Dehesa Santa Cruz de Tenerife 2,000 B2, C7391 391 CI060 Naos Bay–Hoya de Tacorón Bahía de Naos–Hoya de Tacorón Santa Cruz de Tenerife 170 B2, C6

Sites identified in the previous inventory of IBAs in Europe (Grimmett and Jones 1989) but no longer considered to be IBAsES004 Cabo Finisterre–Costa de Touriñán; ES031 Páramo de Masa; ES048 Ledesma–Río Tormes; ES060 Río Carrión en Husillos; ES073 Valeria; ES074 Carboneras de Guadazaón; ES075Moya; ES146 Gallipienzo–Sierra de la Peña; ES184 Urrea de Jalón; ES189 Río Manubles; CI005 Litoral de Arrecife; CI011 Costa Punta Lima–Playa de Matagorda; CI042 Roque Partido;CI064 Name and location confidential.

Several IBAs hold more than one globally threatened or near-threatened species, including the Guadalquivir marshes (IBA 259;Marmaronetta angustirostris, Oxyura leucocephala, Aquila adalbertiand wintering Larus audouinii), the San Pedro mountain range (IBA291; Aegypius monachus, Aquila adalberti, Otis tarda, and Tetraxtetrax) and the Alcántara reservoir–Cuatro Lugares (IBA 299;Aquila adalberti, Falco naumanni, Otis tarda and Tetrax tetrax).

Two IBAs (004, 037) have been identified on the migratory routeof the globally threatened Acrocephalus paludicola along theCantabric and Atlantic coasts, however, site coverage for this speciesis lacking in this inventory as a result of a paucity of data. Similarly

a lack of data and small numbers of birds have prevented the selectionof sites for Numenius tenuirostris (wintering) and Crex crex (breeding).

The Canary Islands are included in one of the three EndemicBird Areas (EBAs) identified in Europe (Stattersfield et al. 1998):the Madeira and Canary Islands EBA, selected for its 10 restricted-range species. Nine of these species are present in the Canaries,with five species being restricted to these islands alone. Eleven IBAshave been identified for restricted-range species, meeting criterionA2, with sites holding 2–6 of the relevant species. Tenerife has thelargest number of restricted-range species and Fuerteventura onesingle island endemic, Saxicola dacotiae. The central and western

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Species Season IBA codeGavia immer Great Northern Diver P 004Podiceps nigricollis W 167, 169, 261, 312

Black-necked GrebeBulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 327, 356Calonectris diomedea B 220, 324, 325, 327, 336, 389

Cory’s ShearwaterPuffinus yelkouan R 307

Yelkouan Shearwater B 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 323, 324, 325W 140P 037

Puffinus assimilis Little Shearwater B 327, 336, 378Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 164, 308, 309, 311, 312, 324, 327, 336,

378, 387Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 327, 356Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 001, 148, 159, 201, 251, 306Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 001, 153, 313, 316, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326

B 314, 319, 320Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 082Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 148, 159Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 138, 148, 159, 200, 249, 250, 254, 255, 263,

288, 306B 203, 272, 275, 280, 284, 291, 294, 296, 301W 148, 155, 159, 247, 288P 148, 247N 137, 154

Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 148, 159, 259, 261, 263W 148, 159, 251P 148

Ciconia nigra Black Stork R 208, 306B 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 070, 201, 204,

207, 235, 236, 264, 267, 273, 279, 282, 283,284, 287, 291, 292, 293, 296, 297, 298, 299,300, 302, 303, 305

W 259P 037, 068, 070, 071, 085, 108, 204, 224, 246,

247, 266, 269, 270, 272, 273, 274, 280, 281,282, 283, 284, 287, 291, 293, 294, 295, 296,297, 299, 301, 304, 306

N 201Ciconia ciconia White Stork R 263

B 284, 296, 299P 246, 247N 057

Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill R 259, 261, 263P 003, 026, 027, 035, 037N 262

Phoenicopterus ruber R 148, 259Greater Flamingo B 165, 240

W 148, 165, 166, 240, 259P 148N 216, 219, 251, 252, 261

Anser anser Greylag Goose W 038, 039, 259Tadorna tadorna Shelduck W 259Anas penelope Wigeon W 027, 148, 259Anas strepera Gadwall W 095, 148, 197, 259Anas crecca Teal W 148, 259Anas platyrhynchos Mallard R 039, 148

W 038, 137, 148, 197Anas acuta Pintail W 007, 259Anas clypeata Shoveler W 148, 159, 165, 196, 259Marmaronetta angustirostris R 165, 166, 259

Marbled Duck W 165, 257, 259N 252, 258

Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard R 148, 159, 166, 195B 156, 197W 095, 148, 155, 159, 165, 166, 194, 195, 196,

197, 259N 023

Species Season IBA codeAythya ferina Pochard W 095, 148Oxyura leucocephala R 165, 195, 196, 219, 231, 258, 259, 318

White-headed Duck B 194, 239, 240W 165, 194, 196, 239, 257, 259N 219, 252, 253, 258

Milvus migrans Black Kite N 228Milvus milvus Red Kite W 038, 061, 295Neophron percnopterus R 063

Egyptian Vulture B 014, 064, 090, 297, 299P 246, 247N 029, 090, 122

Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 020, 032, 034, 047, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052,053, 064, 079, 086, 087, 088, 092, 099, 100,118, 120, 122, 123, 132, 187, 188, 190, 210,235, 242, 243, 244, 245, 297, 298

B 028, 029, 033W 052P 246, 247N 117, 264, 265, 266

Aegypius monachus R 056, 066, 069, 076, 204, 205, 207, 208, 235,Cinereous Vulture 265, 291, 292, 297, 298, 302, 316

N 264, 289Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle W 168Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle N 142, 168Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 038, 039, 061, 106, 195, 206, 207, 229, 232,

237, 238, 260, 268, 269, 273, 284, 295, 296,299

P 246Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 307, 309, 310, 315, 316, 327Fulica atra Coot W 095, 148, 252Grus grus Crane W 061, 068, 095, 201, 233, 234, 240, 269, 271,

274, 276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 283, 284, 285,286, 287, 289, 290, 293, 295, 296, 299, 301,303, 306

P 039, 071, 078, 085, 095, 101, 109, 111, 116,191, 192

Himantopus himantopus R 154, 259, 286Black-winged Stilt B 039, 111, 148, 155, 156, 159, 162, 165, 167,

182, 192, 195, 196, 197, 219, 251, 284, 312W 251P 073

Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet R 148, 166, 259B 251W 148, 165, 166, 251P 261

Glareola pratincola R 259, 286Collared Pratincole B 148, 152, 195, 250, 251, 263, 284, 289

P 159Charadrius hiaticula Ringed Plover W 263Charadrius alexandrinus R 148, 166, 167, 259, 312, 318

Kentish Plover B 251, 263W 148, 251P 148N 219

Charadrius morinellus Dotterel W 038Calidris alba Sanderling P 004, 005Calidris minuta Little Stint W 263

P 148Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper P 148Calidris alpina Dunlin W 148

P 148Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit W 148, 259, 284

P 148, 286Numenius arquata Curlew W 037Tringa totanus Redshank R 259

W 251, 263P 148

Larus melanocephalus W 140, 148Mediterranean Gull

Table 3. Important Bird Areas in Spain that support important numbers of one or more congregatory species (i.e. meeting criteria A4and/or B1). IBAs meeting both criteria A4 and B1 for the species are shown in bold. IBAs meeting only criterion B1 for the speciesconcerned, and not A4, are shown in normal type. For key to ‘Season’, see p. 7.

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Species Season IBA codeLarus minutus Little Gull P 140Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull W 159Larus genei Slender-billed Gull R 148Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 148, 153, 170, 220, 221, 312, 315, 324

B 308W 148, 167P 140, 148, 159, 224, 246, 247N 216, 219

Larus fuscus W 240, 251, 263, 284Lesser Black-backed Gull

Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 001, 002, 004, 007, 018, 138, 220, 314, 324W 007, 017, 137, 140, 251, 263P 037N 139

Table 3 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Spain that support important numbers of one or more congregatory species (i.e. meetingcriteria A4 and/or B1). IBAs meeting both criteria A4 and B1 for the species are shown in bold. IBAs meeting only criterion B1 for thespecies concerned, and not A4, are shown in normal type. For key to ‘Season’, see p. 7.

Species Season IBA codeGelochelidon nilotica R 095

Gull-billed Tern B 148, 159, 194, 195, 196, 240, 259, 284, 306Sterna caspia Caspian Tern R 263Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern R 159

B 148P 037

Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 148, 159P 037, 148

Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 148, 159, 166, 167, 169, 261, 263Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern R 259

B 148, 156, 165, 166P 137, 159, 263

Chlidonias niger Black Tern P 140Merops apiaster Bee-eater P 247

islands, with the most extensive forest cover, hold four endemicspecies, Columba bollii, C. junoniae, Fringilla teydea and Regulusteneriffae. The Canary Islands also hold many endemic subspecies,including Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae, Tyto albagracilirostris, Accipiter nisus granti, Dendrocopos major canariensis,D. m. thanneri and Fringilla coelebs ombriosa. Subspecies listed onAnnex I of the EC Birds Directive that are found elsewhere in Spaininclude Perdix perdix hispaniensis and, in the Balearic Islands,Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii and Puffinus yelkouanmauretanicus.

Seven sites are important for breeding species characteristic ofthe Mediterranean biome, meeting criterion A3 (071, 090, 204, 216,235, 298, 324), and five sites (014, 020, 126, 128, 130), are importantfor breeding species characteristic of the Eurasian high-montanebiome (Table 1).

IBAs in Spain hold important breeding populations of the SPECslisted in Table 4. IBAs hold significant proportions of the Spanishbreeding populations of many raptors, for which Spain has amongstthe largest remaining European populations, for exampleGypaetus barbatus, Neophron percnopterus, Gyps fulvus, Aegypiusmonachus, Circaetus gallicus, Aquila chrysaetos, Hieraaetuspennatus, H. fasciatus, Falco naumanni and F. peregrinus (Table 4).

Important populations of SPEC 2 and 3 species associated withnon-irrigated, extensive crops, semi-desert and steppe-like habitatsare also found in Spain. IBAs hold significant proportions of thebreeding populations of these species, in particular Chlamydotisundulata, Cursorius cursor and Chersophilus duponti (Table 4).

Several wetland sites are important for breeding SPECs such asArdeola ralloides, Egretta garzetta, Ardea purpurea, Platalealeucorodia, Phoenicopterus ruber, Fulica cristata, Himantopushimantopus, Recurvirostra avosetta, Glareola pratincola,Gelochelidon nilotica and Chlidonias hybridus (Table 4).

IBAs on the Spanish Mediterranean islands (Balearics,Columbretes, Chafarinas, Alborán, and other smaller islets) holdimportant European populations of Calonectris diomedea, Puffinusyelkouan, Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii and Larus audouinii.IBAs in the Canaries are also important for breeding seabirdsincluding Puffinus assimilis, Bulweria bulwerii and Oceanodromacastro (Table 4).

The Iberian peninsula includes some of the most importantmigration routes in the Western Palearctic. Sixteen IBAs areparticularly important for migrating waterbirds, meeting the A4icriterion (Table 3). Migrating waterbirds follow three main routes:along the Mediterranean coast, the Cantabric/Atlantic coast andacross the Iberian peninsula. The Mediterranean route includes achain of coastal wetlands such as the Ebro delta (IBA 148), theValencia marshes (IBA 159), and the Ampurdan marshes (IBA 137).The Cantabric/Atlantic route includes seven IBAs, such as theBidasoa estuary (on the border with France, IBA 037), the Santoñamarshes (IBA 027) and the Costa de la Muerte (IBA 004).

Twelve IBAs have been identified as internationally importantbottleneck sites for migrating storks, cranes and raptors (meetingcriteria A4iv/B1iv). Birds that breed in western Europe cross thePyrenees at several sites (Roncesvalles–Irati–Abodi mountain range

IBA 085; Cadí mountain range IBA 135), and cross IBAssurrounding the Strait of Gibraltar (IBAs 244, 245, 246, 248, 250)before moving to Africa. They also use the Guadalquivir marshes(IBA 259) before crossing to Africa over Ceuta (IBA 247). Duringmigration through Spain Grus grus stop over at a number of smallwetlands, the most important being Gallocanta (IBA 095). Manyof these sites are also important for migratory passerines.

A number of sites are important for wintering waterbirds andseabirds (35 IBAs meet the A4i and A4ii criteria in winter). Ofparticular note are the coastal and inland lagoons of Andalucía,Castilla-La Mancha, País Valenciano and Cataluña. Eighty to ninetypercent of the western European population of Grus grus winters in29 Spanish IBAs (75% of them in 22 IBAs of the Extremadura region).

Overall, 42 IBAs meet criteria for 10 species or more (a singlespecies may meet criteria in more than one season at an IBA). Ofthese, 15 IBAs meet criteria for 15 or more species; seven wetlands(Ebro delta IBA 148; Guadalquivir marshes IBA 259; Valenciamarshes IBA 159; Isla Cristina and Ayamonte wetland IBA 263; ElHondo IBA 165; Bahía de Cádiz IBA 251; Llobregat delta IBA 140)and four steppe, riverine or mountainous areas (Pela mountain range–Orellana reservoir–Zorita IBA284; Tierra de Campos IBA 038;Jarama river IBA 073; Prelittoral mountains of Barcelona IBA 139).

HABITATS

Spain has a highly heterogeneous landscape encompassing a widevariety of habitats. Some 40% of Spanish territory is cultivatedwhilst 30% is wooded and 10% is pasture. Northern regions andsome mountainous areas are characterized by Euro-Siberian typevegetation, dominated by Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur andQ. pyrenaica. In the remainder of the country, natural and semi-natural habitats have Mediterranean vegetation, dominated byQuercus ilex. Conifers are frequent in mountainous and hilly areas(predominantly Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris), on the higherplateau areas (Juniperus thurifera) and on the eastern seaboard(Pinus halepensis), with extensive plantations in other areas (over3 million hectares have been reforested with Eucalyptus and Pinus).

Cultivated areas reflect the variable climatic conditions: cornand potatoes are important in the north, olive-trees and vines inthe centre and south, and citrus fruits in the extreme south andeastern coastal regions. Cereal fields cover most of the plateau areasand big depressions, which are almost devoid of trees. More thanhalf of the land area of the Canary Islands is cultivated.

Semi-natural forests (including ‘dehesas’) are one of the mostextensive habitat-types in 42% of IBAs (Figure 1). Forests in theCanary Islands are important for the conservation of endemic birdspecies while, elsewhere in Spain, ‘dehesas’ and Mediterraneanforests are important for the conservation of globally threatenedor near-threatened species such as Aquila adalberti and Aegypiusmonachus. They are also important for a range of other speciesincluding Elanus caeruleus, Ciconia nigra, C. ciconia, Milvus migransand M. milvus. Dehesas are also the wintering habitat for at least80% of the western European population of Grus grus.

527


Minimum Proportion (%) of national breeding national population

population breeding at all IBAsSpecies 1 (pairs) 2 in Spain

Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel 1,000 70Calonectris diomedea Cory’s Shearwater 44,000 40Puffinus yelkouan Yelkouan Shearwater 3,300 67Puffinus assimilis Little Shearwater 400 37Pelagodroma marina White-faced Petrel 10 100Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel 2,700 1003

Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel 300 63Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag 1,660 1003

Botaurus stellaris Bittern 25 52Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern 1,900 61Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron 1,480 1003

Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron 380 1003

Egretta garzetta Little Egret 7,660 60Ardea purpurea Purple Heron 2,000 75Ciconia nigra Black Stork 200 1003

Ciconia ciconia White Stork 7,901 66Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis 1 1003

Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill 675 1003

Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo 400 1003

Anas strepera Gadwall 650 89Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Duck 226 individuals 74Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard 5,400 51Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck 100 1003

Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard 1,000 21Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite 1,000 14Milvus migrans Black Kite 9,000 23Milvus milvus Red Kite 3,338 11Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier 56 1003

Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture 1,354 73Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture 8,074 1003

Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture 1,050 1003

Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle 1,700 38Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier 481 59Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier 300 50Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier 3,647 55Aquila adalberti Spanish Imperial Eagle 150 95Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle 1,192 64Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle 2,000 51Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle 627 74Pandion haliaetus Osprey 22 1003

Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel 5,000 1003

Falco tinnunculus Kestrel 30,000 2Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon 665 1003

Falco peregrinus Peregrine 1,628 57Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie 3,680 individuals 24Alectoris rufa Red-legged Partridge 1,778,000 2Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge 650 19Perdix perdix Partridge 2,000 85Porzana porzana Spotted Crake 750 7Porzana parva Little Crake 50 2Porzana pusilla Baillon’s Crake 3,000 3Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule 3,000 19Fulica cristata Crested Coot 10 1003

Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard 34,000 individuals 1003

Chlamydotis undulata Houbara Bustard 527 individuals 66Otis tarda Great Bustard 17,000 individuals 98Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt 10,420 1003

Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet 4,356 1003

Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew 22,300 27Cursorius cursor Cream-coloured Courser 200 41Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole 3,761 73Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover 5,200 98Charadrius morinellus Dotterel 2 1003

Tringa totanus Redshank 1,200 95

Table 4. Species of European conservation concern and species listed on Annex I of the EC Birds Directive with significant breedingpopulations at IBAs in Spain (meeting any IBA criteria).

Minimum Proportion (%) of national breeding national population

population breeding at all IBAsSpecies 1 (pairs) 2 in Spain

Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull 17,025 97Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern 1,869 1003

Sterna caspia Caspian Tern 1 1003

Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern 755 1003

Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern 2 50Sterna hirundo Common Tern 5,838 90Sterna albifrons Little Tern 2,500 64Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern 5,000 1003

Chlidonias niger Black Tern 150 5Pterocles orientalis Black-bellied Sandgrouse 27,200 13Pterocles alchata Pin-tailed Sandgrouse 5,500 1003

Columba oenas Stock Dove 36,000 5Columba palumbus Woodpigeon 220,000 5Columba bollii Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon 1,650 individuals 1003

Columba junoniae White-tailed Laurel Pigeon 1,200 individuals 1003

Streptopelia turtur Turtle Dove 792,500 1Tyto alba Barn Owl 50,400 1Bubo bubo Eagle Owl 520 1003

Athene noctua Little Owl 50,000 2Strix aluco Tawny Owl 45,000 2Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl 150 29Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar 82,000 5Apus unicolor Plain Swift — —4

Alcedo atthis Kingfisher 7,800 1Merops apiaster Bee-eater 23,000 21Coracias garrulus Roller 4,000 12Picus viridis Green Woodpecker 65,500 1Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker 550 79Dendrocopos medius Middle Spotted Woodpecker 650 45Dendrocopos leucotos White-backed Woodpecker 30 1003

Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark 13,000 49Melanocorypha calandra Calandra Lark 1,030,000 3Calandrella brachydactyla Short-toed Lark 2,200,000 2Calandrella rufescens Lesser Short-toed Lark 247,000 4Hirundo rustica Swallow 783,000 1Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit 15,000 10Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat 750 13Oenanthe hispanica Black-eared Wheatear 513,000 <1Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear 4,000 50Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush 3,500 19Monticola solitarius Blue Rock Thrush 12,500 8Acrocephalus melanopogon Moustached Warbler 2,400 64Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler 14,000 11Sylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler 1,100,000 2Sylvia melanocephala Sardinian Warbler 1,040,000 <1Regulus regulus Goldcrest 193,000 —5

Regulus teneriffae Tenerife Goldcrest 23,000 —5

Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike 45 49Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough 7,300 1003

Sturnus unicolor Spotless Starling 2,000,000 <1Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch 2,610,000 —5

Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch 1,000 14Serinus canaria Canary 80,000 8Serinus citrinella Citril Finch 225,000 —5

Bucanetes githagineus Trumpeter Finch 4,100 10

1. Only those species of European conservation concern (see Box 1, p. 12) that meet IBAcriteria in Spain are listed, together with those species listed on Annex I of the EC BirdsDirective that fulfil criterion C6 in IBAs in Spain.

2. Data are taken from the BirdLife/EBCC European Bird Database 1998 (Heath and Borggreve 2000).3. The percentage of the national population in IBAs exceeds 100%. Usually this is because the

national population estimate has not been updated recently whilst the IBA population estimatehas been recently updated with new data as a result of comprehensive surveys of IBAs themselves.Also, the individual site count for a species may be the maximum or average over recent years, andsumming these may record more birds than are present nationally in any single year.

4. No minimum national breeding population estimate exists.5. Estimates of the total numbers present in IBAs in Spain and the Canary Islands are not

currently available.

528


Extensive areas of artificial landscape occur in 36% of IBAs(Figure 1). Non-irrigated arable cultivation, which occurs in morethan 22% of IBAs, is of great importance for the conservation ofOtis tarda, Tetrax tetrax and Falco naumanni. Rice crops, linkedto coastal wetlands, for example in the Ebro delta (148), Ampurdánmarshes (137) and Valencia marshes (159), hold important numbersof breeding and wintering waterfowl.

Scrub is a significant habitat-type in almost 31% of the IBAs(Figure 1). Associated with the Mediterranean region, it includescharacteristic formations such as garrigue and maquis. It is ofparticular importance for Burhinus oedicnemus and species ofSylviidae. In upland areas, scrub is important for breeding Perdixperdix and foraging raptors, and on the Canary Islands is vital forSaxicola dacotiae.

Extensive rocky areas occur in almost 20% of IBAs (Figure 1).Of these 47% contain inland cliffs, used by cliff-nesting raptors,such as Gypaetus barbatus, Gyps fulvus, Aquila chrysaetos,Hieraaetus fasciatus, as well as Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, P.graculus and Tichodroma muraria. A further 26% include coastalcliffs, holding seabird and coastal raptor colonies and 27% are rockyislets, important for Calonectris diomedea, Puffinus yelkouanmauretanicus, Larus audouinii, and raptors such as Pandion haliaetusand Falco eleonorae.

Grasslands are a major habitat-type in 17% of IBAs (Figure 1).Alpine and subalpine grasslands are important for Perdix perdix.At lower altitudes, grasslands hold breeding Circus spp. and somesteppe species such as Chersophilus duponti, and are used by foragingraptors.

Despite occurring as an extensive habitat in under 15% of IBAs(Figure 1), wetlands are the most important areas for birds in Spain,in particular the Guadalquivir marshes (IBA 259) and the Ebrodelta (148). Although most major wetlands are highly threatened,they are of major international significance for breeding, passageand wintering waterbirds. Most wetlands are natural or semi-natural, but also include some man-made reservoirs used bywildfowl, post-breeding congregations of Ciconia nigra and roostingGrus grus.

Located mainly in the south-eastern part of the Iberian peninsulaand the Canary Islands, desert and semi-desert habitats are extensivein less than 5% of IBAs (Figure 1). They are characterized by lowscrub and are highly affected by erosion. Ornithologically such areasare important for Burhinus oedicnemus, Chlamydotis undulata,Bucanetes githagineus and other steppic species.

IMPACTS ON IBAs – LAND-USE AND THREATS

Agriculture, both arable and livestock production, is the mostwidespread land-use in IBAs, occurring in over 60% (Figure 2).Agricultural expansion and intensification is also a high-impactthreat to nearly 14% of IBAs and a low/medium/unknown-impactthreat in a further 22% (Figure 3). Extensive livestock-farminginfluences the ecology of a wide range of habitats (pseudosteppes,dehesas, mountain grasslands and scrub) with animals movedaround mosaics of habitats to exploit favourable conditions. Sheep-grazing is widespread but cattle are limited to mountainous areas,

the northern seaboard and some areas of the west and south-west.European Union livestock headage payments have causedovergrazing problems in steppe areas of high value, destroyingvegetation, increasing erosion and disturbing breeding birds. Arableproduction has become more intensive, particularly through theirrigation of crops, resulting in serious losses of steppe habitatsand traditional non-irrigated crops. Huge irrigation projectsthreaten the most important areas for Otis tarda, Tetrax tetraxand Falco naumanni. Traditional cultivation is increasinglydependent on EU subsidies.

Infrastructure development is a high-impact threat in 14% ofIBAs and a medium/low/unknown-impact threat in a further 27%(Figure 3). Most of these threats have arisen since Spain joined theEuropean Union in 1986. Since then, transport and water-relatedinfrastructure (reservoirs, hydro-power, irrigation) improvementshave been made but much of the investment has detrimentallyaffected natural areas. Environmental Impact Assessments havefailed to adequately examine alternative projects. Many water-related developments are planned that will affect IBAs, some ofthem without a real justification and with a potentially high impacton sites and their species. Hydro-power plants are proliferating onrivers in mountainous areas with few remaining unregulated. Newwind-energy plants are being constructed in mountainous areaswhere birds migrate, breed or feed. Although impact-mitigationmeasures are now applied to all newly erected powerlines, collisionscontinue to affect birds.

Infrastructural developments are often connected to recreationand tourism activities, the most common threat to IBAs (Figure 3).Impacts tend to be concentrated in coastal areas, particularly alongthe Mediterranean coast and on the Balearic and Canary Islands,where urbanization has severely affected many habitats that werepreviously of interest and has destroyed others, including wetlands.Connected developments such as major roads are often funded bythe EU. Away from coastal areas recreational activities such asclimbing, parasailing, and hiking cause disturbance, particularlyto breeding raptors in mountainous areas.

Hunting is widespread throughout Spain, and is a threat in over40% of IBAs (Figures 2 and 3), As well as shooting, methods includenon-selective poisoning, the use of lime, and trapping. In wetlands,lead poisoning of waterbirds, as a result of ingesting spent shot, isa problem. Nest robbing, of chicks and eggs, is still an activity thataffects some raptor species, especially Falco peregrinus.

Forestry occurs in over 20% of IBAs and intensified forestmanagement and afforestation are threats in 8% and 12% of IBAsrespectively (Figures 2 and 3). In the past there have been largelosses of natural forest to plantations of exotic species. The rate ofchange has declined but natural forests continue to be exploitedcausing loss of habitat and disturbance to breeding species. Innaturally treeless areas (e.g. steppic habitats), EU-promotedafforestation schemes are causing the loss of habitat for species

Figure 2. Occurrence of land-uses at Important Bird Areas inSpain (see Appendix 3 for definitions of land-uses).

Figure 1. Occurrence of habitats at Important Bird Areas inSpain (see Appendix 3 for definitions of habitats).

100 3020 40Percentage of IBAs (100% = 391 sites)

5 15 25 35 45

Scrub

Forest and woodland

Artificial landscape

Wetland

Grassland

Desert

Marine areas

Rocky areas

0 10 20 30 5040 7060Percentage of IBAs (100% = 391 sites)

Not utilized

Other

Military

Urban/industrial/transport

Fisheries/aquaculture

Tourism/recreation

Hunting

Water management

Forestry

Nature conservation/research

Agriculture

529


Figure 3. Threats at Important Bird Areas in Spain (see Appendix 3 for definitions of threat types and impact categories).

such as Chersophilus duponti. In the Canary Islands, wood-cuttingfor use in vegetable gardens is one of the greatest threats to Columbabollii and C. junoniae.

Some forested areas are also threatened by fire, with the highestincidence of fire in the Mediterranean area. Forests in mountainousareas, important for Hieraaetus pennatus and other raptors, areparticularly threatened. Other habitats in which anthropogenic fireis a threat to breeding birds include water-fringe vegetation andalpine grasslands.

The effects of fires are compounded by the effects of drought,the main natural event affecting birds in Spain. A severe droughtbetween 1992–1996 resulted in the drying-out of many smallwetlands. Erosion in semi-desert areas appears to be increasing,often magnified by human activities.

The proliferation of introduced rats on islands and islets whereseabirds breed is an important threat and a number of rat-eradication campaigns are underway. Feral cats and dogs are alsoa problem, particularly in the laurel forest in the Canary Islands,where they predate Columba bollii and C. junoniae. Hybridizationwith introduced Oxyura jamaicensis threatens O. lecucocephala. Alarge increase in the Mediterranean population of Larus cachinnansis a threat, particularly to L. audouinii. In the Balearic Islands andin Cataluña culling campaigns to control L. cachinnans are carriedout every year.

PROTECTION STATUS

■■■■■ National protectionForty-seven percent of IBAs in Spain are, at least in part, coveredby national protection areas (Figure 4). However, in only 16% ofIBAs is 90% or more of the area of the IBA protected. Overlapswith different national protection designations are listed in Table 5.

The protected-area designations listed below and in Table 5 wereestablished under National Law 4/1989 (which concerned theconservation of protected sites and wild fauna and flora andincluded five protection designations) and by several regional laws.Since 1987, responsibility for the designation of sites has been withregional governments, which have increased the number ofdesignation types to 21. The most important of these relating tobird conservation are considered in this inventory. The exceptionto the regional approach are National Parks which are designatedby the National Parliament and administered by a mixed body,comprising representatives of regional and national government.In the last 10 years, the number of sites receiving protection hasincreased spectacularly. Currently in Spain there are 12 NationalParks, 111 Parks (natural, regional), 137 Reserves (natural, integral,partial) and 242 other protection titles (Europarc España 1998).National protected-area designations considered in this inventory,and their aims, are listed as follows.

Figure 4. The national protection status of Important Bird Areasin Spain.

% of area ofindividualIBA overlapswith nationalprotected areas:High >90%Partial 10–90%Low <10%None

Total area of overlap between IBA network in Spain and national protected-area system(see Table 5 for categories) = 29,141–34,266 km2 (18–22% of total IBA area).

Figure 5. The international protection status of Important BirdAreas in Spain.

% of area ofindividualIBA overlapswith internationalprotected areas:High >90%Partial 10–90%Low <10%None

Total area of overlap between IBA network in Spain and international protected-areasystem (see Table 5 for categories) = 30,544–31,871 km2 (19–20% of total IBA area).

40 50 600 10 20 30Percentage of IBAs (100% = 391 sites)

Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrageExtraction industry

Consequences of animal/plant introductionsGroundwater abstraction

Agricultural intensification/expansion

Selective logging/cutting

Unsustainable exploitation

Industrialization/urbanization

Dredging/canalizationIntensified forest management

Abandonment/reduction of land management

Deforestation (commercial)

Filling-in of wetlands

Firewood collection

Aquaculture/fisheries

Forest grazing

OtherAfforestation

Recreation/tourism

Drainage

Infrastructure

Natural events

Burning of vegetation

Disturbance to birds

High impact

Medium to low impact

Unknown impact

Partial90 IBAs (23%)

High62 IBAs (16%)

None208 IBAs (53%)

Low31 IBAs (8%)

High59 IBAs (15%)

Partial100 IBAs (25%)

None218 IBAs (56%)

Low14 IBAs (4%)

530


IBA Internationalcode name

001 Cíes islands ✔ ✔

002 Ons islands

003 Ría de Arosa (O Grove) estuary ✔ ✔

004 Costa de la Muerte (North coast) ✔

005 Ferrolterra–Valdoviño coast ✔

006 Cape Candelaria–Ortigueira estuary–Cape Estaca de Bares ✔ ✔ ✔

007 Eo river estuary–Barayo beach–Ría de Foz ✔ ✔ ✔

008 La Limia

009 Ancares mountains ✔

010 Montes Aquilanos range ✔ ✔

011 La Cabrera mountain range ✔ ✔

012 Muniellos ✔ ✔

013 Degaña–Hermo ✔ ✔

014 Babia–Somiedo ✔ ✔ ✔

015 Gistreo and Coto mountain ranges

016 Central ranges of the Cantabric mountains ✔ ✔

017 Cape Busto–Luanco ✔

018 Ribadesella–Tina Mayor

019 Riaño ✔ ✔

020 Picos de Europa mountain range ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

021 Fuentes Carrionas ✔

022 Peña Labra and Cordel mountain ranges ✔ ✔

023 River Ebro dam

024 Tina Menor–Sarnosa island–Oyambre ✔

025 Portios islets–Conejera island026 Santander bay–Mouro islet

027 Santoña marshes ✔ ✔ ✔

028 Humada–Peña Amaya

029 Upper Ebro and Rudrón canyons

030 Oña and Tesla mountain ranges

031 Obarenes mountains ✔

032 Valdegovía–Arcena mountain range ✔

033 La Losa–Orduña (Salvada mountain range)

034 Sobrón canyon

035 Guernica estuary–Cape Ogoño ✔ ✔ ✔

036 Izki mountains037 Chingudi–Bidasoa estuary

038 Tierra de Campos steppes

039 Villafáfila ✔ ✔ ✔

040 Esla dam

041 Belver de los Montes–Gallegos del Pan

042 River Pisuerga at Dueñas

043 Carrión–Frómista

044 Cerrato high moor

045 La Demanda mountains ✔ ✔

046 Urbión and Cebollera mountain ranges ✔ ✔

047 Gorges of Iregua, Leza and Jubera ✔

048 Arnedillo–Isasa crag ✔

049 Alcarama mountain and Alhama river ✔

050 River Lobos canyon ✔ ✔

051 Arlanza valley–Peñas de Cervera

052 Montejo de la Vega–Riaza canyon ✔

053 Duratón canyon ✔ ✔

054 River Cega–Tierra de Pinares–Cantalejo

055 River Moros

056 Northern slope of Guadarrama mountain range ✔ ✔

057 SegoviaSubtotal of IBAs 0 0 1 1 1 9 2 0 0 0 13 0 0 2 3 0 7 1 1 21

Integ

ral N

ature

Res

erve

Spec

ial N

ature

Res

erve

Natio

nal B

iolo

gical

Rese

rve

Natio

nal P

ark

Natu

ral R

eser

ve

Natu

ral P

ark

Regio

nal P

ark

Rura

l Par

k

Site

of S

cient

ific

Inter

est

Natu

ral L

ands

cape

Natio

nal G

ame R

eser

ve

Prot

ected

Lan

dsca

pe

Natu

ral A

rea

Natu

ral M

onum

ent

Wild

Faun

a Res

erve

Ram

sar S

ite

Wor

ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Bios

pher

e Res

erve

#

Spec

ial P

rotec

tion

Area

National International

Natu

ral S

ite o

fNa

tiona

l Int

eres

t

Table 5. Protection status of Important Bird Areas in Spain.A tick (✔) indicates that an IBA overlaps with a protected area (to any extent).

531


Natu

ral S

ite o

fNa

tiona

l Int

eres

t


058 Tordesillas–Mota del Marqués

059 Castronuño–Zamora ✔

060 Fuentelapeña–Jambrina061 Tierra de Campiñas steppes

062 Topas

063 Arribes del Duero–Fermoselle ✔

064 Río Huebra–Arribes del Duero ✔

065 Campo de Argañán

066 Peña de Francia ✔ ✔

067 Gredos and Candelario mountain ranges ✔ ✔

068 Tiétar valley

069 Iruelas valley ✔ ✔

070 El Escorial–San Martín de Valdeiglesias ✔

071 El Pardo–Viñuelas ✔ ✔ ✔

072 Redbeeds and copses of Aranjuez ✔ ✔

073 Cortados del Jarama ✔ ✔

074 Talamanca–Camarma ✔

075 Alcarria de Alcalá steppes

076 Alto Lozoya–La Pedriza ✔ ✔ ✔

077 Ayllón mountain range ✔ ✔ ✔

078 Puebla de Beleña lagoons

079 Tiermes–Caracena

080 Altos de Barahona high moor

081 Layna high moors

082 Las Cañas lake ✔ ✔

083 Echauri crags ✔

084 Gorramendi mountain and Itxusi crags ✔ ✔ ✔

085 Roncesvalles–Irati–Abodi mountain range ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

086 Areta, Archuba and Zariquieta mountain ranges ✔ ✔

087 Leyre, Illón and San Miguel mountain ranges ✔ ✔ ✔

088 Izaga crag ✔ ✔

089 Pitillas and Dos Reinos lagoons ✔ ✔ ✔

090 Bardenas Reales ✔

091 Cinco Villas ponds

092 Moncayo mountain range ✔

093 River Jalón canyon

094 Langa–Mara–Belmonte de Calatayud plains

095 Gallocanta lake ✔ ✔ ✔

096 Blancas–Torralba de los Sisones

097 Montes Universales–Albarracín mountain range ✔

098 Campo Visiedo

099 River Guadalope

100 River Martín canyons and Arcos mountain range

101 Alcañiz salt-lakes

102 Lower course of the River Huerva

103 Belchite–Mediana ✔

104 River Ebro oxbow lakes ✔ ✔

105 Monegrillo–Pina steppe area–Pina

106 Los Monegros (South)107 Valdurrios–Serreta Negra and Los Rincones

mountain ranges

108 Lower course of the River Matarraña–Ribarroja109 Rivers Cinca and Alcanadre riverine forest

110 Ballobar–Candasnos111 Cinca river rice-fields and steppe area

112 Sariñena lake and La Estación pond ✔

113 Alcubierre and Sigena mountain ranges

114 ConfidentialSubtotal of IBAs 1 0 1 1 11 13 4 0 0 0 17 0 1 2 4 7 8 1 3 42

Integ

ral N

ature

Res

erve

Spec

ial N

ature

Res

erve

Natio

nal B

iolo

gical

Rese

rve

Natio

nal P

ark

Natu

ral R

eser

ve

Natu

ral P

ark

Regio

nal P

ark

Rura

l Par

k

Site

of S

cient

ific

Inter

est

Natu

ral L

ands

cape

Natio

nal G

ame R

eser

ve

Prot

ected

Lan

dsca

pe

Natu

ral A

rea

Natu

ral M

onum

ent

Wild

Faun

a Res

erve

Ram

sar S

ite

Wor

ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Bios

pher

e Res

erve

#

Spec

ial P

rotec

tion

Area


Table 5 ... continued. Protection status of Important Bird Areas in Spain.A tick (✔) indicates that an IBA overlaps with a protected area (to any extent).

532


Integ

ral N

ature

Res

erve

Spec

ial N

ature

Res

erve

Natio

nal B

iolo

gical

Rese

rve

Natio

nal P

ark

Natu

ral R

eser

ve

Natu

ral P

ark

Regio

nal P

ark

Rura

l Par

k

Site

of S

cient

ific

Inter

est

Natu

ral L

ands

cape

Natio

nal G

ame R

eser

ve

Prot

ected

Lan

dsca

pe

Natu

ral A

rea

Natu

ral M

onum

ent

Wild

Faun

a Res

erve

Ram

sar S

ite

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ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Bios

pher

e Res

erve

#

Spec

ial P

rotec

tion

Area


Natu

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ite o

fNa

tiona

l Int

eres

t


115 Zuera mountains

116 Tormos reservoir (La Sotonera)117 Bajo Alcanadre–Serreta de Tramaced

118 Guara mountain range ✔ ✔

119 Oturia–Canciás

120 Santo Domingo–Riglos–Gratal121 San Juan de la Peña–Oroel crag ✔

122 Dos Ríos and Orba mountain ranges123 Belagua–Ansó–Hecho ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

124 Collarada–Telera125 Panticosa–Vignemale–Tendeñera ✔ ✔

126 Ordesa–Bielsa ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

127 Gistaín–Cotiella ✔ ✔ ✔

128 Posets–Maladeta ✔ ✔ ✔

129 Turbón–Espés–Sis

130 San Mauricio–Bohí–Beret ✔ ✔ ✔

131 Sant Gervás mountains

132 Boumort mountains ✔ ✔

133 Monteixo–L’Orri–Tornafort

134 Cerdaña ✔

135 Cadí mountains ✔ ✔ ✔

136 Fresser–Setcases ✔

137 Ampurdán marshes ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

138 Medas islands139 Mountains of Barcelona ✔

140 Llobregat delta ✔ ✔

141 Montagut and Montmell mountains

142 Lerida steppes143 Montsech and Montgai mountains ✔

144 Cogul–Alfés steppes ✔ ✔

145 Montsant and Prades mountains

146 Cardó, Tivissa and Llabería mountains147 Pass of Beceite–Turmell mountain ✔

148 Ebro delta ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

149 Morella pass

150 Peñagolosa151 Espadán mountain range

152 Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca ✔ ✔ ✔

153 Columbretes islands ✔ ✔

154 River Mijares mouth155 Almenara marshes

156 El Moro marshes ✔

157 Turia canyon and Los Serranos

158 Rivers Cabriel and Júcar canyons ✔ ✔ ✔

159 Albufera de Valencia marshes ✔ ✔ ✔

160 La Safor and North Alicante mountain ranges ✔

161 Enguera mountain range–La Canal de Navarrés

162 Pego–Oliva marshes ✔ ✔

163 Marina mountain ranges

164 Alicante islets ✔ ✔

165 El Hondo wetland ✔ ✔ ✔

166 Santa Pola saltpans ✔ ✔ ✔

167 Mata and Torrevieja lagoons ✔ ✔ ✔

168 El Valle, Altaona and Escalona mountains ✔

169 Mar Menor coastal lagoon ✔ ✔ ✔

170 Littoral islets of Murcia and Almería

171 Fausilla mountains

172 Muela mountain range and Cape TiñosoSubtotal of IBAs 3 0 1 4 21 27 6 0 0 0 28 1 1 2 5 7 16 1 4 63


533


Integ

ral N

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Res

erve

Spec

ial N

ature

Res

erve

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iolo

gical

Rese

rve

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nal P

ark

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ral R

eser

ve

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ral P

ark

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nal P

ark

Rura

l Par

k

Site

of S

cient

ific

Inter

est

Natu

ral L

ands

cape

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nal G

ame R

eser

ve

Prot

ected

Lan

dsca

pe

Natu

ral A

rea

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ral M

onum

ent

Wild

Faun

a Res

erve

Ram

sar S

ite

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ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Bios

pher

e Res

erve

#

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ial P

rotec

tion

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Natu

ral S

ite o

fNa

tiona

l Int

eres

t


173 La Almenara mountain range–Cape Cope ✔ ✔

174 Torrecilla and Gigante mountain ranges175 Guadalentín saltmarshes176 Las Cabras plain177 Burete, Cambrón and Espuña mountain ranges ✔ ✔

178 Quipar reservoir, Molino mountain range andCagitán plains

179 Ricote and Nevela mountain ranges180 Pila mountain range ✔

181 Moratalla mountain range182 Pétrola–Almansa–Yecla ✔

183 River Mundo and River Segura canyons184 Campo de Montiel185 San Clemente–Villarrobledo186 Canyons on the middle section of the Cabriel river187 Cuenca mountain ranges ✔ ✔

188 Upper sections of the Rivers Tajo and Tajuña ✔

189 Embid–Molina high moors190 River Mesa canyons

191 Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs ✔

192 El Hito ✔

193 Tarancón–Ocaña–Corral de Almaguer ✔

194 Tembleque–La Guardia plains ✔

195 Alcázar de San Juan–Quero endorreic lagoons ✔ ✔

196 Pedro Muñoz–Manjavacas endorreic lagoons ✔ ✔

197 Tablas de Daimiel marshes; ‘Vicario’ and ‘Gasset’reservoirs and Malagón lakes ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

198 Castrejón reservoir ✔

199 Torrijos200 Malpica island (River Tagus) ✔

201 Rosarito and Navalcán reservoirs–La Iglesuela(Tiétar valley) ✔

202 Oropesa plains ✔

203 Azután reservoir ✔ ✔

204 Toledo mountains–Cabañeros ✔ ✔

205 Canalizos mountain range (Saceruela) ✔

206 Campo de Calatrava ✔

207 Alcudia valley and mountain range ✔

208 Madrona and Andújar mountain ranges ✔ ✔

209 Aldeaquemada–Dañador ✔ ✔

210 Cazorla and Segura mountain ranges ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

211 Puebla de Don Fadrique–Las Cañadas

212 María mountain range–Los Vélez ✔

213 Hoya de Baza214 Hoya de Guadix215 Alhamilla mountain range–Campo de Níjar plain ✔ ✔

216 Mountain range and saltpans at Cabo de Gata ✔ ✔ ✔

217 Tabernas desert ✔ ✔

218 Gádor mountain range219 Wetlands of western Almería ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

220 Chafarinas Islands ✔ ✔

221 Alborán island222 Sierra Nevada mountain range ✔ ✔ ✔

223 Prelittoral mountain ranges of Granada ✔

224 Mouth of the River Guadalhorce ✔

225 Antequera mountain range–El Chorro ✔ ✔

226 Mountain ranges of Córdoba ✔

227 Mountain ranges south of Jaén ✔

228 Middle section of River Guadalquivir reservoirs ✔

Subtotal of IBAs 4 0 1 6 22 34 9 0 0 8 33 2 1 2 5 8 21 1 7 91


534


Integ

ral N

ature

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erve

Spec

ial N

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erve

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ve

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ral L

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ve

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ected

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ral A

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ent

Wild

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a Res

erve

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#

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rotec

tion

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tiona

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eres

t


229 Jaén countryside230 Marmolejo reservoir–La Ropera231 Conde, Chinche and Honda lakes ✔ ✔

232 Córdoba countryside233 Hinojosa del Duque–El Viso234 Los Blázquez–La Granjuela–Fuenteovejuna235 Sierra Morena de Córdoba ✔ ✔

236 Sierra Morena de Sevilla ✔ ✔

237 Carmona countryside238 Écija–Osuna plain ✔

239 Wetlands at south Córdoba ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

240 Fuente de Piedra, Gosque and Campillos lakes ✔ ✔ ✔

241 Mountain ranges of Ronda, Bermeja andCrestellina ✔ ✔ ✔

242 Líjar mountain range–Zaframagon crag ✔

243 Ubrique and Grazalema mountain ranges ✔ ✔ ✔

244 Cabras, Aljibe and Montecoche mountain range ✔ ✔

245 Bujeo, Ojén, del Niño and Blanquilla mountainranges ✔ ✔

246 Tarifa ✔

247 Ceuta248 De la Plata mountain range249 Tajo de Barbate coastal cliffs ✔

250 La Janda251 Cádiz Bay ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

252 Medina and Puerto Real lagoons ✔ ✔

253 Terry lagoons ✔ ✔ ✔

254 Bornos reservoir ✔

255 Medina–Sidonia256 Confidential257 Los Tollos lake

258 Lebrija, Las Cabezas and Espera lagoons ✔ ✔

259 Guadalquivir marshes ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

260 Condado–Campiña261 Odiel and Tinto marshes and Huelva

coastal lagoons ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

262 River Piedras marshes and Rompido sandbank ✔

263 Isla Cristina and Ayamonte marshes andPrado lagoon ✔

264 West Andévalo265 Sierra Pelada mountain range ✔ ✔

266 Las Contiendas mountain range ✔ ✔

267 East mountain range of Huelva ✔ ✔

268 Fuente de Cantos–Montemolín269 Azuaga–Llerena–Peraleda de Zaucejo

270 Central Badajoz mountain ranges ✔

271 Bienvenida–Usagre–Ribera del Fresno

272 Valuengo reservoir273 Jerez de los Caballeros dehesas

274 Villanueva del Fresno275 Valongo

276 Olivenza–La Albuera277 Alange

278 Villalba de los Barros279 Puerto de Mejoral–Almorchón–Cabeza del Buey

280 La Serena281 Siruela–Agudo

282 Cijara reservoir ✔

283 Puerto Peña reservoir–Valdecaballeros

Subtotal of IBAs 4 0 1 7 32 45 9 0 0 18 35 2 1 2 5 8 26 2 10 109


535


Integ

ral N

ature

Res

erve

Spec

ial N

ature

Res

erve

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nal B

iolo

gical

Rese

rve

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ark

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ral R

eser

ve

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ral P

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nal P

ark

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l Par

k

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of S

cient

ific

Inter

est

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ral L

ands

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nal G

ame R

eser

ve

Prot

ected

Lan

dsca

pe

Natu

ral A

rea

Natu

ral M

onum

ent

Wild

Faun

a Res

erve

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sar S

ite

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ld H

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ge S

ite

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pher

e Res

erve

#

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ial P

rotec

tion

Area


Natu

ral S

ite o

fNa

tiona

l Int

eres

t


284 Pela mountain range–Orellana reservoir–Zorita ✔ ✔

285 Don Benito–Guareña286 Valdehornillos–Santa Amalia

287 Montánchez mountain range–Cornalvo reservoir ✔ ✔

288 Mérida–Montijo reservoir

289 Lácara–Morante290 Botoa–Villar del Rey

291 San Pedro mountain range ✔

292 Cedillo reservoir

293 Brozas–Membrío294 Malpartida de Cáceres–Arroyo de la Luz

295 Plain between Cáceres and Trujillo–Aldea del Cano ✔

296 Trujillo–Torrecillas de la Tiesa

297 Las Villuercas mountain range298 Monfragüe ✔ ✔

299 Alcántara reservoir–Cuatro Lugares300 Coria mountain ranges301 Borbollón reservoir302 East Gata mountain range303 Gabriel y Galán reservoir304 Plasencia and San Bernabé mountain range305 Lower Tiétar river and La Vera valley306 Campo Arañuelo–Valdecañas reservoir ✔

307 Islets Vedrá and Vedranell ✔

308 Isle of Conejera and islets of Bledes andEspartar (Ibiza)

309 Cape Nonó–Isle of Murada310 Tagomago island ✔

311 Islets of Santa Eulalia, Redona and Es Canar (Ibiza)312 Salt-plans of Ibiza and Formentera and Freus isles ✔ ✔ ✔

313 Cape Barbaria314 La Mola of Formentera315 Dragonera island–La Trapa ✔ ✔

316 Tramuntana mountains ✔

317 Cape Pinar ✔

318 Albufera de Mallorca and Albufereta de Pollençamarshes ✔ ✔ ✔

319 Cape Freu–Cape Farrutx ✔

320 Cape Vermell ✔

321 Salobrar de Campos lagoons–Sa Vall ✔

322 Coastal cliffs between Cape Enderrocat and Cala Pí ✔

323 Coastal cliffs between isles of Malgrats andCala Figuera ✔

324 Archipelago of Cabrera ✔ ✔

325 North and east coasts of Minorca and Island of Aire ✔ ✔ ✔

326 Ravines and pinewoods in central Minorca

327 Lanzarote islets ✔ ✔ ✔

328 Famara crag ✔ ✔

329 Haría–Tabayesco ✔

330 Tenegüime gully ✔

331 Plains of La Corona–Las Honduras332 Famara sandy plain ✔

333 El Mojón ✔ ✔

334 Janubio saltpans ✔ ✔

335 Plains of Mareta–Hoya de la Yegua336 Island of Lobos ✔ ✔

337 Sandy plain of Corralejo ✔ ✔

338 Morro Tabaiba–Morro de los Rincones-Vallebrónmountains

Subtotal of IBAs 5 0 1 9 33 56 9 0 1 18 35 3 1 2 5 8 29 2 11 135


536


Integ

ral N

ature

Res

erve

Spec

ial N

ature

Res

erve

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nal B

iolo

gical

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rve

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ral R

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ve

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ral P

ark

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nal P

ark

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l Par

k

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of S

cient

ific

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est

Natu

ral L

ands

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nal G

ame R

eser

ve

Prot

ected

Lan

dsca

pe

Natu

ral A

rea

Natu

ral M

onum

ent

Wild

Faun

a Res

erve

Ram

sar S

ite

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ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Bios

pher

e Res

erve

#

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ial P

rotec

tion

Area


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ral S

ite o

fNa

tiona

l Int

eres

t


339 Río Cabras gully

340 Cuchillete de Buenavista–gully of La Torre–Los Alares

341 Pozo Negro mountain – Vigán ✔ ✔

342 Tarajalejo mountain range343 Sotavento beach ✔ ✔

344 Peninsula of Jandía ✔ ✔ ✔

345 Isthmus of Jandía sandy plain ✔ ✔

346 Gully of Ajuí–Betancuria ✔ ✔

347 Los Molinos gully–Plain of La Laguna ✔ ✔

348 Coast of Esquinzo–Puertito de Los Molinos ✔ ✔

349 Lajares Reserve–Cotillo–Ezquinzo ✔

350 Coast between Corralejo and Tostón351 Coast between Arinaga and Castillo del Romeral ✔ ✔

352 Tirajana pine woodland ✔ ✔

353 Tauro pine woodland ✔ ✔

354 Pajonales, Ojeda, Inagua and La Data pinewoodlands ✔ ✔

355 Tamadaba pine woodland ✔ ✔ ✔

356 Anaga rocky islets ✔ ✔ ✔

357 San Andrés, Pijaral and Anaga ✔ ✔ ✔

358 Las Vueltas, Aguas Negras and Quebradasmountains ✔ ✔

359 Las Mercedes, Mina y Yedra, Aguirre, La Goleta,and Pedro Alvarez mountains ✔ ✔

360 Los Rodeos–La Esperanza

361 La Playa islet

362 Santa Úrsula and La Victoria laurel forest ✔ ✔ ✔

363 Tigaiga slope ✔ ✔

364 Santo Domingo coastal cliffs

365 Garachico rocky islet ✔

366 Mountain of Agua, gully of Los Cochinos andgully of Cuevas Negras ✔ ✔

367 Los Gigantes coastal cliff ✔ ✔

368 Tágara gully ✔ ✔

369 Vilaflor pine woodland ✔ ✔

370 Arico pine woodland ✔ ✔

371 Centinela mountain and La Esquina plain ✔

372 El Médano coast ✔

373 Rasca lava-fields–Guaza mountain–Las Mesas plain ✔ ✔

374 Majona coast ✔ ✔

375 Step rocks of Hermigua and Agulo376 Garajonay National Park ✔ ✔ ✔

377 Vallehermoso coast ✔ ✔

378 South-west coast of La Gomera ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

379 La Palma laurel forest ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

380 El Canal y Los Tiles laurel forest ✔ ✔ ✔

381 Negro rocky islet

382 Garafía rocky islets

383 La Caldera de Taburiente National Park ✔ ✔

384 El Roque coastal cliffs

385 Ventejís mountain ✔ ✔

386 Nizdafe plains

387 Salmor rocky islets ✔ ✔ ✔

388 Frontera laurel forest ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

389 Western coast of El Hierro ✔ ✔

390 La Dehesa grasslands ✔ ✔

391 Naos Bay–Hoya de Tacorón ✔ ✔

Total number of IBAs 12 7 1 11 33 67 9 15 5 18 35 8 1 8 5 8 29 3 12 170


537


1. Integral Nature ReservePreservation of ecosystems. Human presence is highly restrictedand is only allowed for scientific research and awareness.

2. Special Natural ReserveFor preservation of outstanding habitats, particular species,geological formations or natural ecological processes of specialinterest. Human presence only allowed for scientific, educationaland, exceptionally, recreational or traditional activities.

3. National Biological ReserveFor strict maintenance of the natural biological balance and theconservation of the integrity of existing faunal and floralcommunities and their genetic resources. Exploitation of allresources is prohibited. The only permitted activities are formanagement and improvement of the habitat.

4. National ParkLarge areas with a high conservation status, not significantlymodified by human activities, with scientific, landscape andeducational value. The aim of the designation is to protect areasfrom any intervention that could alter their physiognomy,integrity or the evolution of natural processes. Exploitation ofnatural resources and alteration of the landscape are not allowed,except if the activity is compatible with protection. Also prohibitedare hunting, fishing, disturbance to animals and the extractionindustry.

5. Natural ReserveProtection of ecosystems, biological or geological communities ortheir elements because of their rarity, fragility, importance orsingularity. Exploitation of natural resources is limited to thosecompatible with the conservation of the site. Collection of biologicalmaterial is prohibited.

6. Natural Park/Regional ParkAreas of notable natural value and outstanding biological quality,where human presence and activities compatible with dynamicnatural processes are permitted.

7. Rural ParkConservation of natural value and promotion of harmonicdevelopment of local populations and their lives.

8. Site of Scientific InterestIsolated sites with natural elements of scientific interest withspecimens or populations of endangered animals or plants that needspecific conservation measures.

9. Natural Landscape (Andalucía region only)Protection of outstanding fauna, flora, geological formations,special beauty or other natural elements. Traditional activities areallowed, under regulation.

10. National Game ReserveProtection, conservation and promotion of game richness, thatshould be exploited in a wise way in order to allow a maximumeconomic, recreational and social profit.

11. Protected LandscapeProtection of sites because of their aesthetic and cultural value.

12. Natural AreaProtection of landscape or ecological values. Human activities areallowed, under regulation.

13. Natural Site of National Interest/Natural MonumentSites or elements of nature, of small size/dimension, of greatsingularity, rarity or beauty, that are subject to special protection(mainly geological forms, fossil beds).

14. Wild Fauna ReserveFor the protection of fauna; hunting is prohibited.

■■■■■ International protectionForty-four percent of IBAs in Spain have at least part of their areaunder international protection (Figure 5, Table 5). In only 15% ofIBAs is more than 90% of the site protected. Spain has ratified themost important international conventions related to site-basednature conservation (Box 1).

By April 1998 Spain had designated 170 Special Protection Areas(under the EC Birds Directive) that overlapped with or werecontained by IBAs, representing 3,344,197 ha (21% of the total IBAarea in Spain). Since data for this inventory were analysed this hasincreased to 175 SPAs covering 3,388,003 ha of the IBA network.However, the current SPA network is insufficient to ensure theconservation of species listed on Annex I of the Birds Directive. Itis particularly important to improve the SPA coverage of somesteppe species, as well as for Ciconia nigra, Circus aeruginosus,Hieraaetus fasciatus, Tetrao urogallus cantabricus, Perdix perdix,Grus grus and Dryocopus martius.

Seventy-seven wetlands in Spain meet Ramsar criteria forbirds; 38 of them are included on the Ramsar List. Twenty-nineIBAs overlap in part or totally with one or more of these RamsarSites.

Spain’s 13 Biosphere Reserves (MAB-UNESCO) have all beendesignated within or encompass IBAs. Under the World HeritageConvention, 28 World Heritage Sites have been designated in Spain,with three of them related to wild landscapes and overlapping withIBAs (Table 5).

CONSERVATION

• The status of wildlife conservation varies across regions in Spain.In general, in the last 10 years, monitoring and conservationactions have increased as a result of the development of regionalconservation policies.

• The National Government promotes task forces for some speciesand for conservation issues. These include representatives of allrelevant regions and also conservation NGOs. Task forces actas coordinating groups for monitoring and conservationactivities. They exist for Gypaetus barbatus, Aquila adalberti,Marmaronetta angustirostris, Oxyura leucocephala, Larusaudouinii, and also for issues relating to ecotoxicology, wetlandsand electric powerlines.

• An increasing number of conservation projects funded by the EULIFE-Nature programme have improved the knowledge andconservation status of Spanish populations of threatenedspecies including Aquila adalberti, Gypaetus barbatus, Aegypiusmonachus, Puffinus yelkouan, Falco naumanni, Otis tarda,Hieraetus fasciatus, Larus audouinii, Botaurus stellaris andMarmaronetta angustirostris. Some species recovery plans exist ata regional level, for example for Gypaetus barbatus in Aragón,Cataluña and Navarra; Ciconia nigra in Castilla y León; Hieraaetusfasciatus in La Rioja; Haematopus ostralegus in Asturias.

• The Environmental Impact Assessment procedure allows NGOsto examine information on development projects before theirfinal approval and to submit recommendations to reduceenvironmental impacts.

• One of the greatest problems for site protection is the lack ofmanagement and finances to ensure that protection is effective.From a total of 490 protected sites in Spain only 124 (25%) havemanagement plans (Europarc España 1998). This means that

GlobalBiodiversity Convention ✔Ramsar Convention ✔Bonn Convention ✔World Heritage Convention ✔MAB Programme ✔

Pan-EuropeanBern Convention ✔

RegionalEC Birds Directive ✔EC Habitats Directive ✔Barcelona Convention ✔

✔ Convention ratified/initiative supported(✔) Convention signed

Box 1. International legislationand initiatives that arerelevant to site conservation inSpain (see Appendix 1 for ageneral description of theseagreements).

538


there are statutory protected sites that are highly threatened bydifferent human activities.

ANALYTICAL METHODS

• More than 75% of species data in the inventory have beencollected since 1995. The quality of data is variable for differentgroups of birds. For IBAs that overlap with protected sites, dataare accurate. Accurate data exist for protected and rare speciesmonitored by regional governments, for example large raptorsand wildfowl. Thirty-eight percent of bird population data areof high accuracy, 44% of medium accuracy and 18% are lowaccuracy. Most passerines, common raptors and owls are notwell covered by the present inventory due to a lack of data.

• Recent data are scarce for bird numbers in some migratorybottleneck areas, particularly in the Strait of Gibraltar. Dataare also lacking for migratory species in some of the mainwetlands in Spain. The Guadalquivir marshes (IBA 259), themost important IBA in Spain, is monitored by differentadministrations (the National Park by the National Governmenttechnical staff, the Natural Park by Regional Government, andalso the Doñana Biological Station). There is no coordinationbetween these bodies so it has been almost impossible to obtaintotal numbers for certain migratory species.

• Population estimates do not exist for most species in the CanaryIslands. IBA selection has been based on the areas of suitablehabitat for species in the Canaries.

• Data on congregatory species have been presented in differentways. Minimum wintering numbers of Grus grus in Extremaduraare the average of annual censuses between 1990 and 1996, andmaximum numbers are the highest number of individualscounted in one year of the same period. For wildfowl, these canbe minimum and maximum estimates for one year or minimumand maximum figures over other periods; in the case of theGuadalquivir marshes, minimum wildfowl numbers are theaverage of the period 1978–1989, and maximum values representthe highest figures for the same period. Data for all breedingbirds are given in pairs except Otis tarda, Chlamydotis undulata,Tetrax tetrax and Tetrao urogallus.

• The criteria A4ii (Milvus milvus only), B1iii and C2 have beenapplied to wintering or non-breeding Milvus migrans, Milvusmilvus, Hieraaetus fasciatus and H. pennatus, where numbersare particularly high and therefore the species has been deemedsufficiently congregatory.

• Spain holds the largest European populations of the globallythreatened Falco naumanni and Otis tarda and the near-threatenedTetrax tetrax. As these three species are relatively abundant insome areas of Spain, the thresholds for meeting the A1 criterionwere raised in order to identify the most important sites in thecountry. The threshold for Falco naumanni was raised from 10 to

50 pairs at a site, for Otis tarda 50 individuals instead of 30individuals and Tetrax tetrax 200 birds instead of 60 birds.

• Marine areas have also not been well covered, due to lack of data.

• Quantitative data on the percentage cover of habitats and land-uses is lacking for many sites. Analysis in this chapter has beenlimited to those habitats and land-uses judged to be the mostextensive by IBA compilers. These are marked with ‘*’ in thesite accounts. A more complete list of the land-uses and habitatsis presented in the site accounts.

• Site boundaries were delimited on official topographic maps(scales 1:200,000 and 1:100,000; and 1:50,000 for the CanaryIslands). Areas of IBAs have been measured using a digitalplanimeter, so accuracy is high. The digitised IBA boundariesare also available through a project carried out by SEO/BirdLifeand the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (contracted by theMinistry of Environment).

• NUTS-level regions used for the application of C criteriacorrespond to the autonomous regions in Spain (17 in total).

GLOSSARY

dehesa wooded pastoral habitats on the Iberian peninsula dominated by oakQuercus. Scrub growth is controlled by extensive rotational cultivation or grazing.endorreic of, or pertaining to, a closed drainage basin, i.e. closed from the sea.garrigue a community of low, scattered, often spiny and aromatic shrubs,characteristic of the Mediterranean region.LIFE an EU funding line (Regulation 1973/92/EEC) which supports EUenvironmental legislation, including the Birds and Habitats Directives.maquis dense, mostly evergreen shrub community 1–3 m high, characteristicof the Mediterranean region.NUTS Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques – the administrativeregions of the European Union are called NUTS regions, and are designated bythe EC Statistical Office.SEO/BirdLife Sociedad Española de Ornitología, BirdLife Internationalpartner in Spain.SPA Special Protection Area (designated under Article 4 of the EC Birds Directive).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

More than 300 ornithologists have collaborated in collecting information. SEO/BirdLife would like to particularly acknowledge their help, without which theinventory would not be accurate. Unfortunately, they cannot be listed here asa result of space restrictions but a full list can be found in Viada (1998).

Special thanks to the volunteers who collaborated in the review: DoloresHedo, Manuel Hernández, Ignacio Jaime Arranz, David López, Juan AntonioLorenzo, Paloma Martín and José María Pérez; all SEO/BirdLife staff, andparticularly the Regional Officers Juan Carlos Cirera (Aragón), Mario Jiménez(Valencia), Cristina González (Canary Islands) and Francisco Romero(Andalucía).

■ SITE ACCOUNTS

colonies of Larus cachinnans in the world and of Phalacrocoraxaristotelis in Europe.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High433 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Islas Cíes, 433 ha). 433 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Islas Cíes, 433 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issues

Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Burning of vegetation (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from tourism and fire. A management plan exists.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 1996 500 1,500 B B1i, C31 Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1996 900 1,100 A A4i, B1i, B3, C21 Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1996 19,500 19,500 — A4i, B1i, C3Uria aalge Guillemot R 1995 0 1 B C6

1. Large increase.

Cíes islands A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C3, C6 001Admin region GaliciaCoordinates 42°15’N 8°53’WAltitude 0–197 m Area 433 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo islands in the Ría de Vigo estuary with extensive areas of cliff.The vegetation is mainly scrub and Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations.The main human activities are tourism and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (40%; scrub),Wetland (5%; sand-dunes/sand beach), Rocky areas (20%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rockstacks/islets), Artificial landscape (25%; forestry plantation)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Nature conservation/research (100%), Tourism/recreation

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important site for breeding seabirds with one of the largest

539


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1992 400 600 B B3Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1992 2,000 — C A4i, B1i, C3


Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1994 — 34 A B1i, C2Calidris alpina Dunlin W 1994 4,267 — A B2


Gavia immer Great Northern Diver P 1995 50 — C A4i, B1i, C2Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1995 25 100 C C6Himantopus himantopus R 1996 5 10 A C6

Black-winged StiltCalidris alba Sanderling P 1995 1,200 — B A4i, B1i, C3Limosa lapponica W 1993 110 110 A B2

Bar-tailed Godwit1 Larus cachinnans R 1992 13,500 13,500 A A4i, B1i, C3

Yellow-legged Gull2 Uria aalge Guillemot R 1995 10 10 A C6Acrocephalus paludicola P 1996 30 — C A1, C1

Aquatic Warbler2 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 80 — B C6

1. Large increase.2. Large decrease.


Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1995 25 115 C C6Calidris alba Sanderling P 1995 1,200 — B A4i, B1i, C3

islands, cliffs, beaches, sand-dunes, littoral lagoons, estuaries andmarshes. The main human activity is fishing.

Habitats Wetland (5%), Marine areas (80%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features),Artificial landscape (15%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Hunting, Tourism/recreation,Urban/industrial/transport

■■■■■ Birds

This is an important site for breeding and passage seabirds and waders(Charadriiformes).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None7 ha of IBA covered by Natural Site of National Interest (Cabo Vilán,7 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Burning of vegetation (A), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from fisheries, fires, tourism and illegal hunting.

Ferrolterra–Valdoviño coast A4i, B1i, C3, C6 005Admin region GaliciaCoordinates 43°36’N 8°12’WAltitude 0–260 m Area 4,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of cliffs and sand beaches with coastal lagoons and a numberof small offshore islands. The main human activities are forestry,fisheries and tourism.

Habitats Scrub (50%), Grassland, Wetland (10%; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastallagoon), Marine areas (open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rockyshore; rock stacks/islets), Artificial landscape (25%)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (15%), Military, Tourism/recreation (20%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and passage waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None255 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Laguna y Arenal de Valdoviño,255 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Disturbance from visitors and deforestation are the most importantthreats.

Ons islands A4i, B1i, B3, C3 002Admin region GaliciaCoordinates 42°23’N 8°57’WAltitude 0–119 m Area 500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo small islands in the Ría de Pontevedra estuary, covered by scruband grasslands. The main human activity is tourism.

Habitats Scrub (*; scrub), Marine areas, Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Not utilized (*), Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for breeding seabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International None


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from tourism and fires. The regional governmentis in charge of management and restricts tourist visits to protect seabirds.

Ría de Arosa (O Grove) estuary B1i, B2, C2 003Admin region GaliciaCoordinates 42°28’N 8°51’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 2,561 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small harbour to the south of the Ría de Arosa, with large intertidalmudflats and sandbanks. Human activities include fishing, shellfishcollecting and tourism.

Habitats Wetland (50%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon), Marine areas (40%; sea inlet/coastal features), Artificiallandscape (10%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Fisheries/aquaculture (30%), Not utilized (60%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important wintering and passage site for waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High2,420 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Complejo intermareal Umia–Grove, 2,420 ha). 2,420 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Complejo intermareal Umia–O Grove, La Lanzada, Pun, 2,420 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include an industrial waste dump and residential land-use.Tourism and outdoor sports cause disturbance to shorebirds.

Costa de la Muerte (North coast) A1, A4i, B1i, 004Admin region Galicia B2,C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 43°14’N 8°56’WAltitude 0–291 m Area 9,650 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA coastal site including some marine areas. It includes several small

540



Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit W 1995 125 125 A B2Numenius arquata Curlew W 1995 536 536 A B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1992 13 13 A C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1995 15 — C C6

2 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard N 1996 60 — C C62 Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1989 15 50 C C6


Cape Candelaria–Ortigueira B2, C7 006estuary–Cape Estaca de BaresAdmin region GaliciaCoordinates 43°33’N 7°04’WAltitude 0–613 m Area 6,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn estuary between Cape Ortegal and the Estaca de Bares. It includesmarine areas, wide intertidal mudflats, a belt of halophytic vegetation,and some islets.

Habitats Scrub (25%), Wetland (10%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat;sand-dunes/sand beach), Marine areas (5%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas(10%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets), Artificial landscape (50%; highly improvedreseeded grassland; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and passage andwintering waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial1 ha of IBA covered by Natural Site of National Interest (Estaca deBares, 1 ha). 2,920 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Rias deOrtigueira y Ladrido, 2,920 ha). 2,940 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Ría de Ortigueira y Ladrido, 2,940 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Extraction industry (B), Infrastructure (B), Intensifiedforest management (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from intensive shellfish collecting, illegal hunting,the construction of windmills, building, and the cutting of marshvegetation.

Eo river estuary– A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6 007Barayo beach–Ría de FozAdmin region Galicia, AsturiasCoordinates 43°40’N 7°04’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 7,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site includes intertidal mudflats and sandbanks, saltmarsh, cliffs,beaches and a marine section.

Habitats Wetland (*; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; river/stream;water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (*; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Artificiallandscape (highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; forestry plantation; otherurban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture, Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Forestry, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important area for wintering and passage wildfowl andwaders and breeding seabirds. It is also one of the most importantsites for waterbirds on the Cantabric coast.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial1,800 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Ría del Eo,2,023 ha). 1,740 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Ría del Eo,

1,740 ha). 1,740 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Ríadel Eo, 1,740 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (B),Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include intensive fishing and shellfish collection, theabandonment of traditional land-use, and recreation and tourism. Arecently built dyke has probably caused a decline in bird numbers.

La Limia C6 008Admin region GaliciaCoordinates 42°10’N 7°40’WAltitude 610–905 m Area 32,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site encompasses a former lagoon that has now been drained.Relict humid grasslands and patches of Quercus robur woodlandremain, surrounded by arable agriculture.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (20%; scrub;heathland), Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Artificial landscape (60%; highlyimproved reseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Hunting, Not utilized (10%)


The site is important for breeding species associated with a mosaic ofarable land, grassland and woodland.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Drainage (B), Infrastructure (C),Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

The main threat is from continued intensification of arable agriculture.

Ancares mountains B2, C6 009Admin region Galicia, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°50’N 6°50’WAltitude 400–1,910 m Area 50,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rugged mountainous area with many valleys covered by deciduouswoodland, scrub and grasslands. The main human activities are cattle-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (*; heathland),Artificial landscape (highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important area for breeding forest species.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Anas acuta Pintail W 1996 250 770 B B1i, C3Porzana pusilla Baillon’s Crake B 1996 30 — B B2, C6Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1996 1,500 — A A4i, B1i, C3Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull W 1996 5,400 — A A4i, B1i, C3

1. Large decrease.Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1996 10 — A C6

1,2Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 5 — B C63 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 50 80 B C6Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 50 — A B2

1. Breeding males.2. Large decrease.3. P. p. hispaniensis.

541



Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1996 25 — B B3, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 15 20 B B2Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 10 — B C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 7 11 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 14 25 B B2, C6

1 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1990 50 55 B C6Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 50 60 B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 120 B B2, C6

1. Large decrease.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None38,300 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (AncaresLeoneses, 38,300 ha). 7,975 ha of IBA covered by National GameReserve (Ancares de Lugo, 7,975 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A),Deforestation (commercial) (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from increasing tourism development, hydro-power projects, fires and potential infrastructure developments. AGame Management Plan is under preparation.

Montes Aquilanos range B2, B3, C6 010Admin region Galicia, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°20’N 6°30’WAltitude 750–2,188 m Area 55,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area comprising the Montes Aquilanos and the Sierradel Teleno ranges. The vegetation is a mixture of deciduous and mixedforest, scrub, Pinus plantations and alpine grasslands. Human activitiesinclude hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub; heathland), Grassland (drysiliceous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Wetland (river/stream),Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (forestry plantation;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (90%), Military (10%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Water management (5%)


This is an important area for cliff-nesting raptors and forest birds.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Falco naumanni (100 non-breeding individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial1,115 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Las Médulas,1,115 ha). IBA overlaps with World Heritage Site (Las Médulas).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Afforestation (A), Burning ofvegetation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Infrastructure (C),Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from frequent fires, development of skiing infra-structure, hydro-power schemes and the afforestation of grasslands.

La Cabrera mountain range B2, C6 011Admin region Galicia, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°15’N 6°45’WAltitude 900–2,125 m Area 73,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the western Cantabrian Range, with extensiveareas of scrub, patches of Quercus woodland, plantations of Pinussylvestris, and alpine grasslands grazed by sheep and cows. The siteincludes 13 lakes.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub; heathland), Grassland (*; dry siliceousgrassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (standing freshwater; raised bog), Rocky areas (scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (arable land;forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting, Not utilized, Urban/industrial/transport


This is a very important area for forest and alpine grassland species,particularly Perdix perdix and raptors. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni (non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None22,365 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Lago de Sanabria yalrededores, 22,365 ha). 1,066 ha of IBA covered by NaturalMonument (Lago de Truchillas, 1,066 ha). 731 ha of IBA covered byNatural Monument (Lago de La Baña, 731 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Burning of vegetation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Extraction industry (A), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The most important threat is the enlargement of open-cast slatequarries. Other threats include fires, hydro-power schemes andunplanned tourism. The lakes are protected at a regional level.

Muniellos C6 012Admin region AsturiasCoordinates 43°05’N 6°44’WAltitude 600–1,685 m Area 24,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of the Cantabrian mountains covered by deciduous woodlandsdominated by Quercus and Fagus forest. The IBA includes theMuniellos forest (3,000 ha), probably the best preserved Quercus roburforest in Spain. The main human activities are hunting, mining andnature conservation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub (25%; scrub; heathland), Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders)Land-use Hunting, Nature conservation/research (*), Not utilized, Urban/industrial/transport


The IBA is important for its good populations of forest species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial5,542 ha of IBA covered by National Biological Reserve (Bosque deMuniellos, 5,542 ha). 2,975 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Bosque de Muniellos, 2,975 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Extraction industry (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1,2Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1992 25 30 B C63 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 20 — B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1991 7 — B C61. Males.2. Large decrease.3. P. p. hispaniensis.


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1990 10 20 B B2Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1990 5 10 B C6

1 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1990 100 200 B C6Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1990 50 70 B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1990 50 80 B C6

1. Large decrease.

542


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1994 15 25 B C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1994 30 — A C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1992 5 — B C6

1. Large decrease.


Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1996 20 — C B3, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1996 30 40 B B1iii, B2, C2, C6

Egyptian VultureCircaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 19 24 B B2, C6Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier R 1996 12 16 B B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 6 7 B C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 12 16 B B2, C6

1,2Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 30 40 B C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 110 — A C6


Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1996 10 20 B B3, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 15 20 B B2Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier R 1996 10 15 A C6

1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1992 25 30 A C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 120 150 A C6Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 50 60 B B2

1. Males.

There are a number of threats to the site including coal and goldmining, illegal hunting, acid rain from industrial pollution, forest firesand road building.

Degaña–Hermo C6 013Admin region AsturiasCoordinates 42°55’N 6°30’WAltitude 600–2,007 m Area 32,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the Cordillera Cantábrica with extensivedeciduous woods dominated by Fagus sylvatica. The area is used forgame hunting, coal mining and cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (55%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (35%; scrub;heathland), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders)Land-use Agriculture, Hunting (*), Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for breeding species associated with uplandforests and open alpine habitats.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial6,500 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Degaña, 8,657 ha).8,500 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Degaña–Hermo,11,659 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Extraction industry (A), Firewood collection (B),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

Coal mining is a serious threat to the site. A project to enlarge the ski-station at Leitariegos and construct new roads poses an additionalthreat. Illegal hunting and forest fires also occur.

Babia–Somiedo A3, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 014Admin region Asturias, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 43°10’N 6°00’WAltitude 800–2,417 m Area 166,860 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large mountainous area in the Cordillera Cantábrica. The site ischaracterized by deciduous woodland, scrub, grassland and narrowvalleys with many small villages and some cultivation. The area isused for cattle-grazing, hunting, forestry and tourism and some mining.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub (20%; scrub; heathland), Grassland (40%; alpine/subalpine/borealgrassland; humid grassland), Wetland (5%; river/stream), Rocky areas (30%; scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Forestry, Hunting (90%), Not utilized (30%), Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport, Water management (6%)


Breeding birds include five of the 10 species in Europe that arerestricted to the Eurasian high-montane biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial86,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Somiedo,87,900 ha). 29,122 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Somiedo,29,122 ha). 29,122 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Somiedo, 29,122 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Extraction industry (C),Firewood collection (C), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The most important threats are over-exploitation of game, miningand increased infrastructural development for tourism.

Gistreo and Coto B2, B3, C6 015mountain rangesAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°50’N 6°20’WAltitude 700–2,111 m Area 59,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the southern part of the Cordillera Cantábrica,with slopes covered by scrub, grassland, and deciduous woodland.Human activities include cattle-grazing, game hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (*; scrub;heathland; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland;alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (river/stream; raised bog),Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; forestryplantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting, Urban/industrial/transport


This is a very important site for breeding alpine and forest species,particularly Perdix perdix hispaniensis and forest raptors.



Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Extraction industry (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from uncontrolled fires, open-cast mining,hydroelectric schemes, illegal hunting, and exploitation of the forestresource.

Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Dryocopus martius R 1996 5 — C C6Black Woodpecker

Dendrocopos medius R 1996 1 4 B C6Middle Spotted Woodpecker

Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1996 Common — A3Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 35 50 C B2Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1996 Common — A3Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1996 Common — A3Montifringilla nivalis Snowfinch R 1996 Common — A3Serinus citrinella Citril Finch R 1996 Common — A3

1. Males.2. Large decrease.

543



Neophron percnopterus B 1996 10 18 B B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 13 16 A B2, C61 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 17 27 B C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 65 — B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1995 6 8 B C6Dendrocopos medius R 1996 6 7 A C6

Middle Spotted Woodpecker

1. Males.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1996 15 — B C6

1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1981 153 153 A C62 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1993 50 100 B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1993 15 — B C6Dendrocopos medius R 1993 10 15 B B3, C6

Middle Spotted WoodpeckerMonticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1993 40 — B B2

Central ranges of the B2, C6 016Cantabric mountainsAdmin region Asturias, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 43°06’N 5°22’WAltitude 200–2,189 m Area 117,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the central Cordillera Cantábrica, betweenAsturias and León. The area is crossed by deep valleys, with grasslandsand deciduous woodland, and scrub and rocky areas at higheraltitudes. The main human activities are forestry, game hunting andtourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub (*; scrub; heathland), Grassland (*; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland;humid grassland), Wetland (river/stream; raised bog), Rocky areas (scree/boulders;inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (85%), Forestry, Hunting (90%), Tourism/recreation


This is an important area for breeding raptors, particularly Neophronpercnopterus and Aquila chrysaetos, and for breeding forest species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None29,834 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Caso,29,834 ha). 1,500 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Piloña, 10,492 ha). 20,082 ha of IBA covered by National GameReserve (Ponga, 20,082 ha). 30,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park(Reres, 45,000 ha). 150 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Rioseco, 150 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Extraction industry (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Selectivelogging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Enlargement of the ski infrastructure, tourism and dams are the mainthreats. Woodland fires and grassland fires, used to provide grazing,are also problems.

Cape Busto–Luanco B1i, C3, C6 017Admin region AsturiasCoordinates 43°35’N 6°00’WAltitude 0–100 m Area 6,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rocky stretch of coast with cliffs and scattered islets close to theshore, and estuaries with mudflats.

Habitats Wetland (tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat), Marine areas (seainlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Forestry, Not utilized (*)


This is an important passage and wintering area for waders andbreeding site for seabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None543 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Cabo Busto,543 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Deforestation (commercial) (C)

The main threats are from fishing and shellfish collection. Pollutionmay also be a problem.

Ribadesella–Tina Mayor A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6 018Admin region AsturiasCoordinates 43°25’N 4°45’WAltitude 0–207 m Area 3,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a 45-km stretch of coastal cliffs and several smallislets. The vegetation is mainly grassland with areas of deciduouswoodland. The main human activities are fishing and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub, Grassland, Wetland(tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach), Rocky areas(*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets), Artificial landscape (*; forestry plantation)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (*), Not utilized (*)


This is an important area for breeding, wintering and passage seabirds.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (U), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (B),Recreation/tourism (B)

The most important threats are industrial and tourism-relateddevelopment. The Ribadesella estuary is a Game Refuge (200 ha).

Riaño B2, B3, C2, C6 019Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 43°05’N 5°00’WAltitude 960–2,190 m Area 70,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the Cordillera Cantábrica with steep slopescovered by scrub and grasslands, deciduous woodland and limestonecliffs at higher altitudes. The summer pastures are grazed by sheepand cattle. Other activities include game hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (40%; scrub;heathland; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (30%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (raised bog), Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (90%), Nature conservation/research (10%), Water management (10%)



Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1996 150 — B C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1993 8 9 A C6Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull W 1996 4,200 — B B1i, C3


Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1995 700 — B B2, C6Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1996 1,800 — — A4i, B1i, C3

544



Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1993 160 — B B2, C2

1. Males in Riaño National Game Reserve.2. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 100 — A B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 7 — A C6

1,2Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1995 5 — A C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 60 — A C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1987 5 — B C6Dendrocopos medius R 1996 15 20 A B3, C6

Middle Spotted WoodpeckerPrunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1996 Common — A3Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1996 Common — A3Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1996 Abundant — A3Montifringilla nivalis Snowfinch R 1996 Common — A3


This is an important site for species associated with forests.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None70,000 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Spain) (Picos de Europa,120,760 ha). 23,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Mampodre, 29,238 ha). 47,000 ha of IBA covered by National GameReserve (Riaño, 71,214 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Deforestation (commercial) (C), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threats include hydroelectric schemes, the development ofthe ski infrastructure, deforestation to create new pastures, overgrazingand the pressure from tourism.

Picos de Europa A3, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 020mountain rangeAdmin region Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 43°10’N 4°50’WAltitude 350–2,617 m Area 132,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rugged limestone karst landscape, with expanses of rocks, cliffs, twodeep gorges and two small mountain lakes. Grasslands predominate,but in the lower areas there are extensive deciduous woods. Humanactivities include tourism, livestock-farming and game hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub (20%; scrub; heathland), Grassland (10%; alpine/subalpine/borealgrassland; humid grassland), Rocky areas (25%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (10%; highly improved reseeded grassland)Land-use Agriculture (45%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (20%), Nature conservation/research (50%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


Breeding birds include four of the 10 species in Europe that arerestricted to the Eurasian high-montane biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial64,660 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Picos de Europa,64,660 ha). 7,630 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Picosde Europa, 7,630 ha). 20,088 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park(Picos de Europa, 120,760 ha). 16,925 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Montaña de Covadonga, 16,925 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Infrastructure (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

A funicular railway is being built in the core area of the NationalPark and other infrastructure is being developed for tourism. Grasslandburning, illegal hunting and the unsustainable exploitation of gamespecies are also threats.

Fuentes Carrionas B2, C6 021Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°55’N 4°40’WAltitude 1,000–2,520 m Area 66,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the Cordillera Cantábrica with limestone cliffs,Quercus and Fagus woodland, and alpine grasslands grazed by cattle.The site also includes five protected lakes.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest), Scrub(*; scrub; heathland), Grassland (alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland),Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (highly improved reseededgrassland; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (80%), Not utilized (20%), Watermanagement (5%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting and forest species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None47,755 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (FuentesCarrionas, 47,755 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (B), Extraction industry (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from tourism, fires and quarrying.

Peña Labra and Cordel B2, B3, C6 022mountain rangesAdmin region Cantabria, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 43°00’N 4°20’WAltitude 600–2,175 m Area 110,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous site in the Cantabrian range with extensive areas ofscrub and grassland, and some deciduous forest. Human activitiesinclude tourism and recreation, hunting and cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Scrub (*; scrub; heathland), Grassland (*; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humidgrassland), Wetland (river/stream)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


This is an important site for breeding forest raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None70,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Saja, 180,186 ha).23,932 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Saja–Besaya, 23,932 ha).


Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1992 35 — B B3, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1992 20 — B B2, C6

1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1991 5 6 A C62 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 — 100 B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1992 14 — B C6Dendrocopos medius R 1992 45 — B B3, C6

Middle Spotted WoodpeckerPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1992 100 — B B2

1. Breeding males.2. P. p. hispaniensis.


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1992 20 — B B2, C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1995 110 120 A C6Dendrocopos medius R 1995 5 10 B C6

Middle Spotted WoodpeckerMonticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1995 140 — C B2

545



Anas strepera Gadwall R 1995 100 120 A B2Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard N 1994 3,000 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C3


Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1992 5 5 B C6


Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1995 80 — B C6


Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1995 40 — C C6Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1995 30 — B B1i, C2


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threat is from the development of tourism infrastructure,particularly for skiing.

River Ebro dam A4i, B1i, B2, C3 023Admin region Cantabria, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 43°00’N 3°57’WAltitude 900–920 m Area 11,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wide, generally shallow reservoir with surrounding wet grasslandand bogs. Human activities include livestock-farming and arableagriculture.

Habitats Scrub (10%; heathland), Grassland (10%; humid grassland), Wetland (80%;standing fresh water; raised bog)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Fisheries/aquaculture (70%), Tourism/recreation (15%),Urban/industrial/transport (10%), Water management (80%)


This is a very important site for resident and passage waterbirds.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Tetrax tetrax (38–63 non-breeding individuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (B), Other (B),Recreation/tourism (C)

Threats come from the transfer of water from the River Ebro to theRiver Besaya which is reducing the water-level of the reservoir (‘Other’threats, above), and a project to create a golf course. Hunting isforbidden.

Tina Menor–Sarnosa island– C6 024OyambreAdmin region CantabriaCoordinates 43°25’N 4°20’WAltitude 0–25 m Area 1,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA section of coastline on the Cantabric Sea, with cliffs, estuaries andsand-dune systems. Human activities include agriculture and fisheries.

Habitats Wetland (65%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; water-fringe vegetation), Rocky areas (30%; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Not utilized


This is a nationally important site for breeding seabirds and passageand wintering ducks and waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None5,758 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Oyambre, 5,758 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from disturbance from fishing and tourists.

Portios islets–Conejera island C6 025Admin region CantabriaCoordinates 43°30’N 4°00’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 10 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a group of small islands close to the north coast ofSpain and mainland cliffs. These are dominated by scrub.

Habitats Marine areas (*; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore;rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (80%), Tourism/recreation (15%)


The site is important for breeding seabirds.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Urban development threatens the coastal cliffs.

Santander bay–Mouro islet B1i, C2, C6 026Admin region CantabriaCoordinates 43°25’N 3°45’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 3,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA coastal bay with sandbanks and a small island. The site includes aport. Human activities include fishing and tourism.

Habitats Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Wetland (85%; tidal river/enclosed tidalwater; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach), Artificial landscape (5%; arable land;other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (50%), Tourism/recreation (25%), Urban/industrial/transport (75%)


This is an important site for migrant waterbirds.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Dredging/canalization (U), Filling-in of wetlands (B),Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

Main threats are from tourism and urban and industrial development.

Santoña marshes B1i, B2, C2, C3 027Admin region CantabriaCoordinates 43°30’N 3°30’WAltitude 0–378 m Area 6,907 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA coastal marsh with sand-dunes and extensive intertidal mudflats.Human activities include fishing and shellfish collecting.

Habitats Wetland (60%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; standingbrackish and salt water), Artificial landscape (50%; highly improved reseeded grassland;other urban/industrial areas)

546



Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1995 52 110 A B1i, C2Anas penelope Wigeon W 1995 2,391 5,828 A B1i, C3Numenius arquata Curlew W 1995 426 1,450 A B2


Neophron percnopterus B 1995 15 — A B2Egyptian Vulture

Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier R 1995 15 — A B2, C61 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 2 3 A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 300 325 A B2, C2, C6

1. Large decrease.

Land-use Agriculture (60%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Forestry (40%), Urban/industrial/transport


The most important wintering and passage site for waterbirds on thenorth coast of the Iberian peninsula.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High3,866 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Marismas de Santoña yNoja, 3,866 ha). 6,907 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Marismasde Santoña, 6,907 ha). 6,907 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Marismas de Santoña, 6,907 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Filling-in of wetlands (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

There are numerous current and potential threats to this site. Theseinclude proposals for industrial development with infilling, a roadproject, aquaculture projects, urban and industrial dumping and intensehunting and tourism. A management plan was approved in 1997.

Humada–Peña Amaya B1iii, B2, C2 028Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°40’N 4°00’WAltitude 900–1,362 m Area 41,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with many cliffs, slopes dominated by maquisand Pinus plantations. Human activities include arable agriculture,livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (25%; broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (25%; scrub; heathland), Grassland (30%; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland; humid grassland), Rocky areas (20%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (15%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (70%), Not utilized (15%)


This is an important area for cliff-nesting birds, especially raptors.



Threats Afforestation (B), Drainage (A), Dredging/canalization (A), Extraction industry (A),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from the construction of new tracks and roads,afforestation with Pinus plantations, disturbance from tourism andthe development of mining and wind-farms.

Upper Ebro and A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 029Rudrón canyonsAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°45’N 3°35’WAltitude 700–1,260 m Area 74,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe area comprises the canyons of the Rivers Ebro and Rudrón with

high limestone cliffs. The vegetation is diverse and includes deciduousforest, evergreen forest, and alluvial forest at the base of the cliffs andlow open scrub elsewhere. The main human activities are livestock-farming, arable agriculture and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (15%; scrub; heathland), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (5%; river/stream), Rocky areas (25%; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (25%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (60%), Not utilized (25%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors, particularly Gypsfulvus and Hieraaetus fasciatus.



Threats Afforestation (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (A)

Major threats include the establishment of wind-farms near a Gypsfulvus colony and increasing disturbance from tourism and relatedinfrastructural developments. There are plans to construct a road anda viaduct.

Oña and Tesla mountain ranges B2, C2, C6 030Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°50’N 3°30’WAltitude 750–1,332 m Area 37,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range in the north of Burgos province with numerouscliffs and two small gorges. The slopes are covered by scrub, Pinusplantations and small Quercus and Fagus woodlands. The area is usedfor livestock grazing, forestry and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest;alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (20%; scrub; heathland), Wetland (5%; river/stream),Rocky areas (65%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (35%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Forestry (55%), Hunting (60%), Not utilized (5%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting birds.



Threats Afforestation (B), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Extraction industry (C),Infrastructure (A), Other (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)


Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1989 100 120 B B1iii, B2, C2


Neophron percnopterus B 1995 23 26 A B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

1 Neophron percnopterus N 1995 90 — A B1iii, C2Egyptian Vulture

Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 200 220 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier R 1995 10 15 A C6

2 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 3 4 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine B 1995 11 12 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 12 — A C6

1. Post-breeding juveniles2. Large decrease.

547



Neophron percnopterus B 1995 15 — B B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 9 10 B C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 3 4 B C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 9 — B C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 15 — B C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 150 200 B B2, C2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaNeophron percnopterus B 1996 7 7 A C6

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 95 100 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1995 5 6 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 4 4 A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 80 100 A C6

The main threats include the enlargement of a road in one of the gorges,the growing use of poison baits, afforestation and game hunting.

Obarenes mountains B2, C2, C6 031Admin region Castilla y León, La RiojaCoordinates 42°40’N 3°15’WAltitude 600–1,434 m Area 35,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA low mountain range to the west of Miranda del Ebro, which includesmany cliffs and a small gorge. The main vegetation-types are scrub,grassland and Quercus and Fagus woodland. The area is used forlivestock-farming, arable agriculture and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (35%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (10%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (35%; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Forestry (7%), Hunting (65%), Not utilized (14%), Other (30%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial4,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Obarenes–Sierrade Cantabria, 5,350 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Extraction industry (B)

Main threats are from the expansion of mining and from afforestation.

Valdegovía–Arcena B1iii, B2, C2, C6 032mountain rangeAdmin region Castilla y León, País VascoCoordinates 42°50’N 3°11’WAltitude 480–1,333 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with abundant cliffs. There are extensive areasof Pinus forest in the valleys together with grassland and arable crops.The main human activities are forestry and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (47%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (48%;scrub; heathland; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (49%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (2%; standing fresh water; river/stream;raised bog), Rocky areas (2%; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (16%; highlyimproved reseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (65%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (100%), Nature conservation/research (22%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


This is an important area for cliff-nesting raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None3,496 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Valderejo, 3,496 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Intensified forest management (C),Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)

No serious threats but some disturbance is caused by forestryactivities, hunting and visitors. A management plan exists for theNatural Park.

La Losa–Orduña B1iii, B2, C2, C6 033(Salvada mountain range)Admin region Castilla y León, País VascoCoordinates 43°01’N 3°04’WAltitude 260–1,187 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range with cliffs, large expanses of scrub and grassland,a few Fagus and Quercus woodlands and Pinus plantations. The areais used for livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest), Scrub (20%; heathland), Grassland (20%; alpine/subalpine/borealgrassland; humid grassland), Rocky areas (5%; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape(15%; highly improved reseeded grassland; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (25%), Hunting (80%), Tourism/recreation (20%)





Threats Firewood collection (B), Forest grazing (C), Infrastructure (B), Intensified forestmanagement (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from intensive forest management, overgrazingin the Fagus forest and hunting. There is a project to erect 40 wind-farms in the site. The pressure from recreational activities is increasing.

Sobrón canyon B1iii, B2, C2, C6 034Admin region Castilla y León, País VascoCoordinates 42°46’N 3°05’WAltitude 480–1,173 m Area 4,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe area includes a gorge of the River Ebro, with cliffs and slopescovered by Fagus and Quercus woodland, scrub and Pinus plantations.The main human activities are arable agriculture, livestock-farmingand hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (65%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (10%; heathland;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (5%; river/stream), Rocky areas (25%;scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (15%; arable land; forestryplantation)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (80%), Not utilized (25%),Tourism/recreation (10%), Water management (10%)

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important area for resident raptors.


Neophron percnopterus B 1992 5 7 B C6Egyptian Vulture

Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1997 85 110 B B1iii, B2, C2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 6 — B C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1997 400 550 B B2, C2, C6

548



Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1992 119 119 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6


Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1996 200 — C C6Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1996 — 120 B B1i, C2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 7 8 A C6


Neophron percnopterus B 1995 2 4 A C6Egyptian Vulture

Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1994 3 5 B C6Dendrocopos medius R 1995 200 300 A B3, C2, C6

Middle Spotted Woodpecker


Puffinus yelkouan Yelkouan Shearwater P 1996 300 2,000 B A4ii, B1ii, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 1 11 B B1i, C2Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill P 1996 69 255 A A4i, B1i, C2Numenius arquata Curlew W 1997 32 5,000 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull P 1996 900 5,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern P 1987 1,100 1,500 B B1i, C2Sterna hirundo Common Tern P 1996 200 2,000 B B1i, C2Acrocephalus paludicola P 1996 9 40 B A1, C1

Aquatic Warbler



Threats Deforestation (commercial) (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The major threats are from intensive forestry operations and a highhunting pressure. Threats are also posed by the erection of powerlines.

Guernica estuary– B1i, C2, C6 035Cape OgoñoAdmin region País VascoCoordinates 43°22’N 2°41’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 4,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA deep estuary with some remnant brackish marshes, extensivemudflats and sandbanks. There is a small rocky islet at the mouth ofthe estuary and a large coastal cliff in the west of the area.

Habitats Wetland (90%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water), Marine areas (10%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Fisheries/aquaculture (25%), Nature conservation/research (90%)


This is an important site for passage and wintering waders and Platalealeucorodia and resident seabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial945 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Ría de Mundaka–Guernika,945 ha). 1,020 ha of IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (Urdaibai,23,000 ha). 1,020 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Urdaibai, 23,000 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Drainage (C), Dredging/canalization (A), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats include disturbance from tourists and intense shellfishgathering and trawling. The bottom of the estuary has been damagedby dredging. There is a management plan for the Biosphere Reserve.Hunting is forbidden.

Izki mountains B3, C2, C6 036Admin region País VascoCoordinates 42°40’N 2°30’WAltitude 700–1,057 m Area 9,250 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionMountains with streams, bogs and a large Quercus pyrenaicawoodland. Cattle are grazed in the woodland which contains manysmall patches of grassland. The main human activities are gamehunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (80%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (40%; scrub), Grassland (15%; dry siliceousgrassland), Wetland (river/stream; raised bog), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (5%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Forestry (100%), Hunting (100%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important area for woodland species. The site holds probablythe best population of Dendrocopos medius in Spain.



Threats Extraction industry (C), Firewood collection (C), Infrastructure (C), Intensifiedforest management (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)

The main threats are from intensive forest management, includingthe construction of new tracks which allow visitor access to the site.

Chingudi–Bidasoa estuary A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, 037Admin region País Vasco B2, C1, C2, C3Coordinates 43°22’N 1°47’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 525 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA highly developed estuary on the Atlantic border between Spain andFrance. The site includes sandy beaches, cliffs, large areas of intertidalmud, grasslands, reedbeds (Phragmites) and some riverine woodland.Main human activities are agriculture, fisheries, tourism and industry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland (5%; humidgrassland), Wetland (90%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (20%; sea inlet/coastalfeatures), Rocky areas (5%; sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape (25%; highlyimproved reseeded grassland; arable land; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Fisheries/aquaculture (5%), Tourism/recreation (20%),Urban/industrial/transport (30%)


A very important area for passage and wintering seabirds and waders.



Threats Dredging/canalization (A), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from dredging, industrial, transport and urbandevelopment, tourism and illegal hunting. A management and recoveryplan exists but has not been implemented.

Tierra de Campos steppes A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 038Admin region Castilla y León B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 42°09’N 5°12’WAltitude 750–910 m Area 268,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLarge plains dominated by arable cultivation with some grasslands.The site includes La Nava lagoon.

549



Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1995 30 30 A C61 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron R 1996 30 31 A C61 Anser anser Greylag Goose W 1995 1,500 2,000 A B1i, C3Anas platyrhynchos Mallard W 1996 6,000 10,000 A B1i, C3Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1995 50 80 B C6Milvus milvus Red Kite W 1994 600 1,400 A A4ii, B1iii, C2Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1995 35 45 C C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 80 120 C B3, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 100 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C61 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 120 150 — C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard W 1995 250 300 B A1, C1

2 Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1997 2,000 2,500 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Himantopus himantopus B 1996 77 90 A C6

Black-winged StiltBurhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 80 100 B C6Charadrius morinellus Dotterel W 1992 1,000 — B A4i, B1i, C2Pterocles orientalis R 1996 100 200 B B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseMelanocorypha calandra R 1996 4,500 11,000 B B2

Calandra Lark

1. Large increase.2. Individuals.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 136 — A C61 Anser anser Greylag Goose W 1995 — 34,183 A A4i, B1i, C3Anas platyrhynchos Mallard R 1995 5,867 — A B1i, C3Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 8 — A C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1993 80 — A C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 374 — A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C6Grus grus Crane P 1995 811 — A B1i, C2Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 1,026 2,198 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Himantopus himantopus B 1996 457 — A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1995 41 — A C6Pterocles orientalis B 1996 40 — B C6

Black-bellied Sandgrouse


Pterocles alchata R 1987 50 — B C6Pin-tailed Sandgrouse

1. Large increase.


Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1995 44 — A A1, C1


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1994 10 20 B C6

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (90%; arable land; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (100%)


The site holds steppic species at high densities.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Afforestation (C), Agriculturalintensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (C)

Available habitat for steppic species is being reduced by changes ofland-use and agricultural intensification, particularly followingirrigation. A zonal plan exists for the site.

Villafáfila A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, 039Admin region Castilla y León C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 41°50’N 5°35’WAltitude 676–733 m Area 32,682 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn large, semi-arid, treeless plain in the north-east of Zamora province.Mainly non-irrigated arable cultivation with patches of grasslandbetween the cultivated fields and surrounding seasonal saline lagoons.

Habitats Wetland (10%; standing brackish and salt water), Artificial landscape (90%;arable land)Land-use Agriculture (95%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (100%)


This is a very important area for breeding steppic species. The lagoonsare important for breeding and passage waterbirds. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (40breeding individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High32,682 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Lagunas deVillafafila, 32,682 ha). 2,854 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site(Lagunas de Villafáfila, 2,854 ha). 32,682 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Villafáfila, 32,682 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Groundwater abstraction (C),Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from a new irrigation project.

Esla dam A1, C1 040Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°40’N 5°47’WAltitude 686–750 m Area 22,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA long, narrow reservoir on the River Esla surrounded by cereal crops.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; mixed forest), Scrub (10%; scrub), Wetland(standing fresh water), Artificial landscape (80%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Water management


An important site for wintering wildfowl and resident steppic species.It is the only site for wintering Anser fabalis in the Iberian peninsula.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Firewood collection (C), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from disturbance from visitors and irrigationplans.

Belver de los Montes– A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 041Gallegos del PanAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°42’N 5°25’WAltitude 670–818 m Area 40,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains to the west of Villafáfila, mainly covered by non-irrigated cereal crops with small areas of scrub and grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (10%;steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (85%;arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (95%), Hunting (50%)


550



Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1994 3 4 A C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 50 60 B A1, B2, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 200 250 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron R 1995 211 211 A B2, C6


Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 80 — B C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 300 400 B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 50 — C C6


Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 30 — B B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 12 — B C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 200 — B A1, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 120 150 A A1, B2, C1, C2Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1992 100 — B C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1995 15 — B C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1995 20 — B B2, C6Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier B 1995 20 — B B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 9 9 B C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1995 19 — B B2, C6

1 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1989 35 41 A C61. P. p. hispaniensis.

This is an important site for breeding steppic species.



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Drainage (B),Groundwater abstraction (C), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from irrigation, afforestation of agricultural landand a high hunting pressure.

River Pisuerga at Dueñas B2, C6 042Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°50’N 4°31’WAltitude 700–710 m Area 2,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of flood-plain with alluvial woodland, cultivation and someindustrial sites.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (10%; river/stream), Artificial landscape (75%; arable land; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (75%), Hunting (40%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Watermanagement (5%)


This is an important area for species characteristic of alluvial woodlandand for breeding herons.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B),Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A)

The main threats are from development of an existing railway,agricultural intensification and industrial activities.

Carrión–Frómista A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 043Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°15’N 4°31’WAltitude 750–859 m Area 58,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLarge plains dominated by non-irrigated cereal cultivation with somedry grasslands. Riverine forest occurs along the banks of the RiverCarrión.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (scrub), Grassland (drysiliceous grassland), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni(6 resident pairs) and Tetrax tetrax (resident).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A)

The main threats are from future plans for irrigating crops and otherforms of agricultural intensification.

Cerrato high moor A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 044Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°55’N 4°00’WAltitude 800–931 m Area 108,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plateau, mainly used for cereal cultivation, with small areas of scruband maquis. The main human activities are livestock-farming, arablecultivation and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Artificial landscape (70%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (100%)


The site is important for steppic species.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Firewood collection (C), Groundwaterabstraction (C)

The main threat to the site is from agricultural intensification.

La Demanda mountains B2, C6 045Admin region Castilla y León, La RiojaCoordinates 42°15’N 3°00’WAltitude 800–2,271 m Area 133,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area which comprises a large part of the SistemaIbérico Norte. Much of area has been deforested and scrub and alpinegrasslands predominate although in some areas there are extensiveQuercus and Fagus woodlands. The area of Pinus plantations isincreasing. Human activities include livestock-farming, game huntingand tourism and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest;alluvial/very wet forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (15%; heathland), Grassland (25%;alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (5%; river/stream), Rockyareas (5%; scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (35%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Fisheries/aquaculture (5%), Forestry (60%), Hunting, Watermanagement (5%)


551



Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 155 155 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1994 6 6 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1994 12 12 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1994 10 10 A C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 145 145 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1994 6 6 A C6

1. Large increase.

This is an important area for species associated with upland forestand alpine grasslands.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial15,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Cameros,92,918 ha). 35,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Sierra de la Demanda, 73,819 ha). 58,000 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Sierra de la Demanda, 58,000 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The site is threatened by poor forestry practice, particularly thecreation of Pinus plantations and the indiscriminate logging of theFagus forest. Hunting pressure is high. A dam project is planned withinthe IBA.

Urbión and Cebollera B2, B3, C6 046mountain rangesAdmin region Castilla y León, La RiojaCoordinates 42°05’N 2°45’WAltitude 900–2,228 m Area 142,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site encompasses the central mountains of the Sistema IbéricoNorte with large Pinus, Quercus and Fagus woodlands, and extensiveareas of grassland and scrub. The main human activities are forestry,livestock-farming, and recreational activities.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (30%; scrub; heathland),Grassland (20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape (20%; forestryplantation)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for species associated with upland forestand grassland, particularly raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial82,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Cameros,92,918 ha). 80,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Urbion, 100,023 ha). 81,250 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Sierras de Urbión, Cebollera y Cameros, 81,250 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A)

Afforestation is the main threat to the area. Management plans forthe Sierra de Cebollera and Alto Najerilla exist.

Gorges of Iregua, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 047Leza and JuberaAdmin region La RiojaCoordinates 42°17’N 2°20’WAltitude 600–1,328 m Area 23,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of mountains and the valley of the River Ebro with manycliffs and three small gorges. There are extensive areas of scrub aswell as grassland and broadleaved deciduous woodland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub, Grassland,Rocky areas (60%; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Not utilized (60%)


The site is important for cliff-nesting raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial8,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Peñas de Iregua,Leza y Jubera, 8,000 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from disturbance to birds by visitors andfrom the extraction industry. There is a management plan for CameroViejo.

Arnedillo–Isasa crag B1iii, B2, C2, C6 048Admin region La RiojaCoordinates 42°10’N 2°10’WAltitude 650–1,471 m Area 5,530 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of limestone cliffs along a spur of the Northern Iberianmountain range with slopes covered by scrub and grassland. The areais grazed by sheep.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (inlandcliff), Artificial landscape (*; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Not utilized



■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial2,400 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Peñas deArnedillo, Peña Isasa y Turruncún, 2,400 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (B)

Tourism and recreational activities cause some disturbance.

Alcarama mountain A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 049and Alhama riverAdmin region Castilla y León, La RiojaCoordinates 41°55’N 2°00’WAltitude 550–1,187 m Area 10,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the Northern Iberian mountain range,including the Alhama river valley. The site comprises limestone cliffs,deforested slopes with open scrub, dry grassland and occasionalpatches of Quercus woodland. There are also small areas of cerealcultivation, olive-groves and orchards. The area is used for cattle-grazing.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPernis apivorus Honey Buzzard B 1996 17 — B B3, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 15 — B C6Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier R 1996 16 — B B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 5 — A C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 20 — B B2, C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 100 — — C6

552


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaNeophron percnopterus B 1994 7 7 A C6

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 189 189 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1994 2 2 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1994 5 5 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1994 9 9 A C6

1. Large decrease.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 92 92 A B1iii, B2, C2

1. Large increase.


Neophron percnopterus B 1992 17 17 A B2Egyptian Vulture

Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1992 219 219 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaNeophron percnopterus B 1993 19 19 A B2, C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 336 336 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C61 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture W 1995 740 790 A A4ii, B1iii, C2Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1992 150 150 B B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Not utilized (*)


The site is important for cliff-nesting raptors, with the largest Gypsfulvus colony in La Rioja.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial8,600 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra deAlcarama y Río Alhama, 8,600 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C)

The only major threat is a plan to enlarge a dam.

River Lobos canyon B1iii, B2, C2 050Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°47’N 3°06’WAltitude 950–1,200 m Area 9,580 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA limestone canyon with slopes that are covered by Pinus forest,maquis, scrub and grassland. The area is used for forestry, tourismand sheep-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub(*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland(river/stream), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Nature conservation/research (*), Not utilized


A very important area for cliff-nesting raptors, particularly Gyps fulvus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High9,580 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Spain) (Cañón del RíoLobos, 9,580 ha). 9,580 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Cañón del Río Lobos, 9,580 ha).



The main threats are from the high pressure from tourism and sandextraction from the river.

Arlanza valley– A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 051Peñas de CerveraAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 42°00’N 3°25’WAltitude 860–1,455 m Area 26,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of limestone cliffs carved by the Rivers Arlanza and

Mataviejas. The slopes and plateaus are covered by Juniperus andQuercus woodland, scrub and arable agriculture in the valleys.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (20%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (20%; scree/boulders; inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape(35%; arable land; forestry plantation; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Forestry (25%), Hunting (65%)





Threats Afforestation (A), Dredging/canalization (A), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from afforestation with Eucalyptus, canalizationof the rivers, and hunting.

Montejo de la Vega– A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 052Riaza canyonAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°32’N 3°35’WAltitude 864–1,166 m Area 9,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA limestone canyon with Populus plantations, small woods of Quercusand Juniperus, open scrub, grassland and cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (*; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Nature conservation/research (*), Water management



■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial2,100 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Montejo de laVega, 2,100 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from overhead powerlines and high visitornumbers.

Duratón canyon A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 053Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°20’N 3°50’WAltitude 850–1,076 m Area 8,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA limestone canyon with Populus plantations and Salix and Ulmuswoodland along the river. The valley sides are covered by scrub and

553


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 364 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1995 280 — B B2, C2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1994 400 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 120 — B C6Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 75 120 B B2, C6Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 40 50 B B3, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork R 1996 250 — A B2, C6Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 30 — B B3, C6

1. Large increase.


Milvus milvus Red Kite B 1996 20 — C C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 50 55 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1996 4 4 A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial Eagle

dry grasslands. The main human activities are hunting, forestry,agriculture and sheep-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Scrub (scrub), Grassland (30%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (10%;inland cliff), Artificial landscape (30%; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (25%), Hunting (60%), Nature conservation/research (90%), Water management (5%)


An important site for cliff-nesting raptors and Chersophilus duponti.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial5,037 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Hoces del Río Duratón,5,037 ha). 5,037 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Hocesdel Río Duratón, 5,037 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threat, particularly to Chersophilus duponti , is theabandonment of traditional agricultural practice.

River Cega–Tierra de Pinares– B2, B3, C6 054CantalejoAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°15’N 4°00’WAltitude 790–1,068 m Area 25,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPlains in the province of Segovia with large Pinus pinaster woods andareas of humid grassland used for cattle farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Scrub (scrub), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*)


An important site for breeding forest raptors and Ciconia ciconia.



Threats Afforestation (A), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impactof dyke/dam/barrage (C), Deforestation (commercial) (A), Dredging/canalization (B),Filling-in of wetlands (A), Groundwater abstraction (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from forestry, and construction of a dam, railwayand camping area.

River Moros B2, B3, C6 055Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°01’N 4°18’WAltitude 850–964 m Area 11,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes conifer forests, riverine forest along the River Moros

and some grassland and arable cultivation. The main human activitiesare arable cultivation, livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Artificial landscape (*; arableland; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Not utilized, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for breeding raptors and breeding Ciconiaciconia. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Aegypius monachus (non-breeding).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (A), Selectivelogging/cutting (B)

The main threats are increasing sand extraction, increasing disturbancefrom traffic and the clearance of forest.

Northern slope A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, 056of Guadarrama C1, C2, C6mountain rangeAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 40°52’N 4°05’WAltitude 880–2,428 m Area 54,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionNorthern slope of the Guadarrama mountain range in the SistemaCentral with Quercus pyrenaica and Pinus sylvestris woodland andQ. rotundifolia below 1,000 m. There are also large areas of degradedscrub and above 1,800 m Cytisus and Juniperus scrub. The main humanactivities are cattle-farming, game hunting and skiing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub), Grassland (*; dry siliceousgrassland; humid grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape(arable land)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


This is a very important area for breeding raptors. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni(4–5 breeding pairs.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial587 ha of IBA covered by Natural Site of National Interest (Pinar dela Acebeda, 587 ha). 4,792 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (El Espinar, 4,792 ha). 10,427 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Pinar de Valsaín, 10,427 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A),Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from recreational activities, buildingdevelopments and infrastructural developments.

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Otis tarda Great Bustard B 1996 150 250 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

Segovia B1i, B2, C2 057Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 40°58’N 4°08’WAltitude 900–1,009 m Area 2,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises the city of Segovia and its surroundings with non-irrigated cereal crops, Pinus copses and riverine vegetation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape(*; arable land; urban parks/gardens; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Urban/industrial/transport (*)


An important site for Ciconia ciconia and Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (B)

The main threats are from road construction, overgrazing and intensiveagriculture.

Tordesillas– A1, C1, C6 058Mota del MarquésAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°40’N 5°15’WAltitude 550–750 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains dominated by cereal production, interspersed withsmall Pinus woodlands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Wetland (20%; standing fresh water; river/stream;water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (95%; arable land; forestry plantation;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Hunting (60%), Urban/industrial/transport (25%), Watermanagement (5%)


This is an important area for breeding steppic species and raptorsassociated with Pinus woodland. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni (breeding).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Groundwater abstraction (B),Infrastructure (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from an increased use of irrigation, new roadconstruction and a high hunting pressure.

Castronuño–Zamora C6 059Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°30’N 5°15’WAltitude 625–750 m Area 19,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe River Duero between Pollos and Zamora. The site includes alluvialwoodland dominated by Salix, Populus and Ulmus and an area ofmarshland. The main human activity is arable cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Wetland (15%; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (60%;arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (60%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%),Water management (10%)


This is an important site for breeding herons (Ardeidae) and Ciconiaciconia. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Falco naumanni (4–6 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial4,671 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Riberas deCastronuño, 4,671 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (B), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Extraction industry (B), Filling-in ofwetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Selective logging/cutting (B)

The greatest threats are from the cutting of riverine forest, urban-ization, quarrying and the introduction of exotic fish species.

Fuentelapeña–Jambrina A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 060Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°25’N 5°35’WAltitude 680–864 m Area 25,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plain to the south-east of Zamora, dominated by non-irrigated cerealfields with some sheep pasture.

Habitats Grassland (7%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape (80%;arable land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting


This is an important area for steppic species.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are plans to introduce irrigation schemes and alsoillegal hunting.


Nycticorax nycticorax B 1996 61 61 A C6Night Heron

1 Egretta garzetta Little Egret B 1996 22 22 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 3 3 A C6

2 Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 110 125 A C6Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1995 50 75 B C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 7 11 A C6

1. Large decrease.2. Large increase.


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard B 1996 60 100 B C6Otis tarda Great Bustard B 1996 100 — B A1, C1Himantopus himantopus B 1996 60 — B C6

Black-winged StiltPterocles orientalis R 1996 30 — C C6

Black-bellied Sandgrouse1 Pterocles alchata R 1996 20 — B C6

Pin-tailed Sandgrouse

1. Large decrease.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork N 1996 1,500 2,000 B B1i, C2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2

1. Feeding at town rubbish-tip.

555



Milvus milvus Red Kite W 1993 1,500 — B A4ii, B1iii, C21 Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1994 200 — B B3, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1995 100 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1995 500 700 A B1i, C2

1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1992 1,500 — B A1, B2, C1, C61 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard W 1992 1,000 — B A1, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1992 2,300 2,500 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

1 Burhinus oedicnemus R 1992 100 — B C6Stone Curlew

Pterocles orientalis R 1992 200 — B B2, C6Black-bellied Sandgrouse

Pterocles alchata R 1992 50 — B C6Pin-tailed Sandgrouse

1. Large decrease.


Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1997 73 150 B A1, B2, C1, C2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 8 8 A B1i, C2, C6Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 11 16 A C6Neophron percnopterus R 1996 58 58 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6

Egyptian VultureAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 11 12 A B2, C6

1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 7 7 A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 10 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1992 15 — A C6

1. Large decrease.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 8 10 A B1i, C2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1996 110 — B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2,

Egyptian Vulture C6

Tierra de Campiñas A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3, 061steppes C1, C2, C6Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°09’N 5°09’WAltitude 690–933 m Area 189,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains to the south-west of Valladolid, used for non-irrigated cereal cultivation and sheep-grazing. There are also smallPinus and Quercus copses and a few lakes.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Artificial landscape (90%; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (70%)


This is a very important area for species of steppic habitats and as afeeding area for raptors. Species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Aegypius monachus (non-breeding) andAquila adalberti (non-breeding).



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Firewoodcollection (B), Groundwater abstraction (A), Infrastructure (A), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Powerlines are a threat to Otis tarda, as is hunting. Other threats arefrom irrigation, agricultural intensification and afforestation. A zonalplan exists for the area.

Topas A1, B2, C1, C2 062Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°10’N 5°35’WAltitude 800–926 m Area 28,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains, north of Salamanca, dominated by non-irrigatedcereal crops and patches of Quercus woodland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (6%;steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (8%; river/stream), Artificial landscape (70%;arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (65%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (30%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%)


This is an area important for steppic species.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Firewood collection (C),Infrastructure (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from road construction, the impact of combine-harvesters on breeding Circus pygargus, illegal hunting and powerlines.

Arribes del Duero– B1i, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 063FermoselleAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°25’N 6°15’WAltitude 500–823 m Area 53,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of granitic cliffs along the River Duero. The slopes coveredin Quercus woodland, sclerophyllous scrub and grassland. The mainhuman activities are arable cultivation and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (10%; scrub), Grassland (10%; dry siliceous grassland), Rocky areas (10%;inland cliff), Artificial landscape (25%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (55%), Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors and breeding Ciconianigra.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial16,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Arribes delDuero, 86,000 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from the abandonment of traditional land-useand disturbance along the river from recreational activities.

Río Huebra– A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 064Arribes del DueroAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 40°50’N 6°45’WAltitude 400–837 m Area 170,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA area of granitic cliffs around the River Duero and its tributaries.The site is dominated by Quercus, Cistus and Juniperus scrub. Themain human activities are arable agriculture and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (10%; scrub), Grassland (10%; dry siliceous grassland), Rocky areas (10%;inland cliff), Artificial landscape (25%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (45%), Hunting


556


Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 250 300 B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 14 — A B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 10 12 A B2, C2, C6

Bonnelli’s EagleFalco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 12 A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 160 C B2, C2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 8 12 A B1i, C2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 10 20 B B2Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 10 20 B B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCiconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 6 7 A B1i, C2, C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 45 50 B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 — B C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 5 — B B1i, C2Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 100 — B B2, C6

1 Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 50 — B B3, C61 Aquila adalberti R 1996 1 1 B B2

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 25 30 B B2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 65 — B B2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 25 — B B2, C6

1. Large decrease.

This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors and breeding Ciconianigra.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial75,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Arribes delDuero, 86,000 ha).


Threats Construction of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Extraction industry (B), Intensified forestmanagement (A), Selective logging/cutting (A)

The main threats are from forestry, quarrying and the abandonmentof traditional land-uses.

Campo de Argañán B1i, B2, C2, C6 065Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 40°30’N 6°40’WAltitude 650–915 m Area 47,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains to the south-west of Salamanca with dehesas, arablecrops and grasslands. The site is crossed by the River Azaba withalluvial forest. The main human activities are arable cultivation andlivestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(dry siliceous grassland), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry


This is an important site for breeding raptors and Ciconia nigra. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetraxtetrax (5 resident pairs).



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Extraction industry (A),Infrastructure (C)

The most important threats are plans to build a wind-farm and ahydroelectric power-station, and gravel extraction.

Peña de Francia A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 066Admin region Castilla y León, ExtremaduraCoordinates 40°30’N 6°10’WAltitude 650–1,730 m Area 65,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with slopes covered by Quercus and Castaneawoodland, Cytisus scrub and a few Pinus plantations. The main humanactivities are forestry, game hunting and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (25%; scrub), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (3%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (70%; forestry plantation)

Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (70%), Hunting


This is an important site for breeding forest raptors. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti(resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial20,976 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Las Batuecas,20,976 ha). 2,200 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Arca–Buitrera, 2,200 ha). 21,500 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Las Batuecas, 21,500 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (A)

The main threats are from afforestation and human disturbance.

Gredos and Candelario B1i, B2, B3, C2, C6 067mountain rangesAdmin region Castilla y León, ExtremaduraCoordinates 40°20’N 4°55’WAltitude 400–2,592 m Area 173,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range in the Sistema Central. The dominant vegetation-types are Quercus woodland, Pinus plantations, Genista and Cytisusscrub, and alpine grassland. Human activities include forestry, cattle-grazing in summer pastures, hunting and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (40%;scrub), Grassland (15%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland(standing fresh water; river/stream; raised bog), Rocky areas (scree/boulders), Artificiallandscape (5%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Water management


This is an important area for forest- and cliff-nesting raptors. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aegypiusmonachus (3 resident pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None87,500 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Sierra de Gredos,87,717 ha). 22,815 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Sierra de Gredos, 22,815 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Intensified forest management (A), Other (U), Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Building, an increase in the number of roads, inappropriate forestrymanagement, hunting, and scrub burning are threats to the site. Theuse of poison baits is deleteriously affecting raptors.

557



Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 10 — A B1i, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 12 22 A B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1995 100 — B C6Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1995 10 — B B2Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1995 20 — B B2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 3 3 A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleGrus grus Crane W 1995 1,500 — B B1i, C2


Aegypius monachus R 1996 90 90 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6

Tiétar valley A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 068Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 40°15’N 4°51’WAltitude 355–2,008 m Area 86,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large valley, crossed by River Tiétar, with dehesas, Pinus woodlandand grassland. The northern part of the IBA is mountainous withQuercus woodland, Pinus plantations, scrub and alpine grassland. Themain human activities are forestry, cattle-grazing, hunting and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (15%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Artificiallandscape (30%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (45%), Hunting


This is an important site for breeding raptors and Ciconia nigra. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aegypiusmonachus (non-breeding).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (B),Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (A), Intensified forest management (A)

The main threats are from urban development, infrastructuredevelopment, inappropriate forest management, agriculturalintensification, forest fires and overgrazing.

Iruelas valley A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 069Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 40°22’N 4°32’WAltitude 850–1,959 m Area 8,440 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain valley with numerous gorges and streams. The dominantvegetation is scrub and Pinus forest with small areas of Quercus andCastanea woodland and riverine forest. The main human activitiesare forestry, hunting and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (40%;scrub), Grassland (10%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rocky areas (scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (80%), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


An important area for resident raptors. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High8,440 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Valle de Iruelas,8,440 ha). 8,440 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Vallede Iruelas, 8,440 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Firewood collection (B), Intensified forestmanagement (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from intensive forestry, forest fires anddisturbance from parachuting.

El Escorial–San Martín A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 070de ValdeiglesiasAdmin region Castilla y León,

Comunidad de MadridCoordinates 40°30’N 4°10’WAltitude 650–1,754 m Area 198,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes the Sistema Central between Puerto de Guadarramaand Gredos. Vegetation includes dehesa woodland, grassland and scrub,small areas of Quercus and Pinus woodland and arable cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest; treeline ecotone), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation (*), Urban/industrial/transport, Water management


This is an important area for breeding and passage raptors and storks.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial61,600 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Encinares delos ríos Alberche y Cofío, 61,600 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A),Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The site is close to Madrid and is therefore highly threatened by urbanand infrastructure developments and tourism. Open-cast mining is aparticular threat to Aquila adalberti.

El Pardo–Viñuelas A1, A3, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 071Admin region Comunidad de MadridCoordinates 40°35’N 3°45’WAltitude 500–746 m Area 34,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site covers the foothills of the Sistema Central, immediately tothe north of Madrid. It is an area of dehesa and grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (15%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (10%; river/stream), Artificial landscape (35%; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Military (5%), Tourism/recreation (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%), Watermanagement (10%)


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 5 6 A B1i, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 33 33 A B1i, C2

1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1992 93 98 B C6Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 28 28 A C6

2 Aegypius monachus R 1996 9 9 A A1, B2, C1, C6Cinereous Vulture

Aquila adalberti R 1996 22 22 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Spanish Imperial Eagle

Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 6 6 A C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1992 15 15 B C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1992 1 1 A C6


558



Breeding birds include six of the 20 species in Europe that are restrictedto the Mediterranean biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial15,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Cuenca Alta del RioManzanares, 46,323 ha). 15,000 ha of IBA covered by BiosphereReserve (Cuenca Alta del Rio Manzanares, 101,300 ha). 14,774 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Monte de El Pardo,14,774 ha). 4,532 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sotode Viñuelas, 4,532 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U), Firewood collection (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)

The main threat is the expansion of nearby conurbations andassociated infrastructure such as the construction of new roads. Theriver is threatened by industrial pollution. Introduced mink Mustelavison may also be a threat.

Redbeeds and copses C6 072of AranjuezAdmin region Comunidad de MadridCoordinates 40°00’N 3°40’WAltitude 450–700 m Area 18,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA section of the Tagus river with well conserved riverine forests andseveral reedbeds (Phragmites).

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (8%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (40%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (standing freshwater; river/stream), Artificial landscape (50%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This is an important site for breeding and wintering waterbirds andwetland raptors. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (wintering) and Tetrax tetrax(resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial56 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Carrizal de Villamejor,56 ha). 635 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (El Regajal–Mar

de Ontígola, 635 ha). 15,520 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Carrizales y Sotos de Aranjuez, 15,520 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Drainage (B), Extraction industry (A),Filling-in of wetlands (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are the logging of riverine forest, industrial and urbandevelopment and overgrazing. Management plans exist for bothNatural Reserves.

Cortados del Jarama A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 073Admin region Comunidad de MadridCoordinates 40°10’N 3°31’WAltitude 560–695 m Area 25,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes sections of the Rivers Jarama and Manzanares tothe south-east of Madrid. Patches of riverine forest remain and thesite includes a number of small lakes, the result of gravel extraction.The main human activities are arable cultivation and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest;treeline ecotone), Scrub (scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (*; standing fresh water; water-fringevegetation), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; highly improvedreseeded grassland; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation;other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Military, Nature conservation/research, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport (*), Water management


This is an important site for species associated with riverine habitatsand also for migrant passerines. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High25,000 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Sureste, 31,550 ha).25,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Cortados ycantiles de los ríos Manzanares y Jaram, 29,205 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (A), Filling-in of wetlands (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (C)

The main threats are from urban and transport developments, sandand gravel extraction from the rivers, river canalization, refusedumping in the lakes, the erection of powerlines and uncontrolledhunting. A management plan exists for the Regional Park of Surestebut has not been applied.


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1995 17 17 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1994 7 7 A C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1994 20 24 B C6Himantopus himantopus R 1992 110 115 B C6

Black-winged StiltPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1994 50 60 B C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 10 20 A B1i, C2Aegypius monachus R 1996 3 — B C6

Cinereous VultureAquila adalberti R 1996 9 10 B A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleGrus grus Crane P 1995 500 1,000 B B1i, C2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 15 20 B C6Caprimulgus ruficollis B 1996 50 — B A3

Red-necked NightjarOenanthe hispanica B 1996 10 — B A3

Black-eared WheatearOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1995 3 — C A3

1 Sylvia conspicillata B 1996 Common — A3Spectacled Warbler

Sylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler B 1996 25 — B A3Sturnus unicolor Spotless Starling R 1996 200 — B A3

1. Large decrease.


Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 5 10 B C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1994 60 — A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1994 5 — B C6Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1994 164 164 A C6Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 50 50 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 3 3 A C6

1 Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1995 38 47 A A1, B2, C1, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 10 A C6

2 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1996 5 10 B C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 25 35 C C6Himantopus himantopus B 1996 76 85 A C6

Black-winged StiltHimantopus himantopus P 1996 1,500 — B A4i, B1i, C2

Black-winged StiltBubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 8 10 B C6Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 230 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 250 300 A B2, C2, C6

1. Large decrease.2. Large increase.

559


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 44 — A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 6 7 A C6Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier B 1996 21 — A B2, C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 118 — A B3, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1995 74 78 A A1, B2, C1, C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard B 1990 300 — B A1, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 484 484 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1992 80 — C C6

1. Large increase.


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1997 160 300 A A1, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1997 80 120 A A1, C1, C6


Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1992 35 38 A C6Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 32 35 A C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 35 40 B A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 5 6 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 5 7 A C6


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 16 19 A B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 3 3 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 16 17 A B2, C6

Talamanca–Camarma A1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 074Admin region Comunidad de Madrid, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°40’N 3°25’WAltitude 750–833 m Area 52,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains and low hills with extensive cereal cultivation andsmall patches of scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (10%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (standing freshwater), Artificial landscape (85%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (100%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


An important site for steppic species and for foraging and dispersingraptors. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Aegypius monachus (non-breeding) and Aquila adalberti (non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial33,200 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Estepascerealistas de los ríos Jarama y Henares, 33,520 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A),Infrastructure (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include illegal house construction and urban infrastructuredevelopments. A management plan for the SPA, produced by SEO,has yet to be applied by the regional government.

Alcarria de Alcalá steppes A1, C1, C6 075Admin region Comunidad de MadridCoordinates 40°19’N 3°18’WAltitude 700–800 m Area 8,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of steppe to the east of Madrid with extensive arablecultivation and also olive-groves, vineyards and patches of scrub.

Habitats Scrub (5%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Artificial landscape (95%;arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (100%), Urban/industrial/transport (20%)


This is an important area for steppic species.



Threats Extraction industry (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A),Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats include illegal house construction, industrialexpansion, a planned airport and disturbance from off-road driving.

Alto Lozoya–La Pedriza A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 076Admin region Comunidad de MadridCoordinates 40°50’N 3°52’WAltitude 850–2,428 m Area 55,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site includes the southern slopes of the Guadarrama mountainrange. The main vegetation-types are Quercus and Pinus woodland,degraded scrub and above 1,800 m alpine grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (68%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Scrub (10%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (15%;alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (10%; standing freshwater), Rocky areas (15%; scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (30%; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (80%), Hunting (5%), Nature conservation/research (55%), Water management (8%)


An important area for forest raptors. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial8,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Cuenca Alta del RioManzanares, 46,323 ha). 14,745 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park(Cumbre, Circo y Lagunas de Peñalara, 768 ha). 8,000 ha of IBAcovered by Biosphere Reserve (Cuenca Alta del Rio Manzanares,101,300 ha). 5,500 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (AltoLozoya, 5,500 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A),Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threat is from urban development. Other threats are fromthe high tourist pressure and the use of the site for recreation. Amanagement plan exists for part of the site.

Ayllón mountain range B2, C6 077Admin region Castilla y León,

Comunidad de Madrid, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 41°15’N 3°20’WAltitude 1,000–2,262 m Area 187,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA massif at the eastern end of the Sistema Central mountains. Thedominant vegetation is sclerophyllous scrub with small Quercus andFagus woods and extensive Pinus plantations. Hunting and forestryare the most important human activities.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (15%; scrub),Grassland (10%; dry siliceous grassland; humid grassland), Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (50%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (60%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important site for breeding raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None

560



Grus grus Crane P 1997 500 3,000 A A4i, B1i, C2


Neophron percnopterus B 1994 12 13 A B2Egyptian Vulture

Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 148 148 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 8 11 A C6


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 60 — A C6Otis tarda Great Bustard N 1996 46 50 A A1, C1Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 50 50 A C6Pterocles orientalis R 1992 150 150 A B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1992 2,200 2,200 A B2, C2, C6


Pterocles orientalis R 1992 20 20 A C6Black-bellied Sandgrouse

Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1992 500 500 A B2, C2, C6

1,641 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Hayedo de Tejera Negra,1,641 ha). 68,106 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Sonsaz, 68,106 ha). 87 ha of IBA covered by Natural Site of NationalInterest (Riofrío de Riaza, 87 ha). 250 ha of IBA covered by NaturalSite of National Interest (Hayedo de Montejo de la Sierra, 250 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Dredging/canalization (C),Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threats are from forestry activities, particularly theconstruction of new tracks and roads, increasing tourism and damson rivers.

Puebla de Beleña lagoons A4i, B1i, B1iv, C2, C5 078Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°53’N 3°15’WAltitude 950–1,010 m Area 3,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo small, shallow lagoons surrounded by meadows and cultivatedland.

Habitats Grassland, Wetland (standing fresh water), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


The site is a migratory bottleneck, where 3,000 Grus grus regularlypass. Birds are moving to wintering sites in dehesas in Extremadura.



Threats Groundwater abstraction (U), Natural events (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Over-exploitation of aquifers and illegal hunting are important threats.There are also natural drought periods during which the lagoons dryout. Bird numbers fluctuate depending upon water-levels in thelagoons.

Tiermes–Caracena B1iii, B2, C2, C6 079Admin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°20’N 2°30’WAltitude 987–1,361 m Area 45,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rugged landscape with many small gorges, small Quercus andJuniperus woods, scrub and arable cultivation. The main humanactivities are sheep-grazing and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (*; scrub), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas(inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*)


This is an important breeding area for cliff-nesting raptors, particularlyGyps fulvus and Neophron percnopterus.



Threats Recreation/tourism (C)

No serious threats known at the site.

Altos de Barahona A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 080high moorAdmin region Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°18’N 2°48’WAltitude 1,100–1,313 m Area 29,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA deforested limestone plain in southern Soria, with small cliffs alongrivers and streams. The site is dominated by non-irrigated cereal cropswith some low scrub and dry grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub),Grassland (60%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape (30%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (90%)


This is an important area for steppic species, including the mostimportant population of Chersophilus duponti in Spain.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (A), Afforestation (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from changes in management of agriculturalland, afforestation and hunting.

Layna high moors B2, C2, C6 081Admin region Castilla y León, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 41°05’N 2°20’WAltitude 1,150–1,211 m Area 2,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn upland area of scrub and grassland. The main human activity islivestock-farming.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Grassland (90%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificiallandscape (ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Not utilized


The site is one of the most important for Chersophilus duponti in theIberian peninsula.



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

561



Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1994 470 470 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1994 4 11 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1994 52 52 A C2, C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1994 5 5 A C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 72 82 A B2Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 1 1 A C6

1. Large increase.


Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 77 82 A B2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCiconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 70 125 B B1i, C2Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 1 1 A B2Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1994 80 100 B C6Dendrocopos leucotos R 1995 50 60 B C2, C6

White-backed Woodpecker

The main threats are from afforestation, agricultural intensificationand illegal hunting.

Las Cañas lake A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6 082Admin region NavarraCoordinates 42°29’N 2°24’WAltitude 370–370 m Area 101 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn irrigation pond on the River Ebro close to Logroño, withsurrounding marshy vegetation (Typha, Phragmites) and small patchesof Tamarix scrub. The surrounding areas are used for vine and cerealcultivation and there is an industrial zone.

Habitats Wetland (100%; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%), Water management (100%)


The site is particularly important for breeding herons.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High101 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Embalse de El Salobre ode Las Cañas, 101 ha). 101 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Embalse de Las Cañas, 101 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats include a high human presence, fires andeutrophication. A management plan was officially approved in 1991.

Echauri crags B2, C6 083Admin region NavarraCoordinates 42°48’N 1°50’WAltitude 400–1,138 m Area 1,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of limestone cliffs, scrub, and Quercus woodland. Humanactivities include livestock-farming, hunting and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (60%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rockyareas (10%; scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (50%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


An important site for cliff-nesting raptors, particularly Gyps fulvus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None76 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Roquedos de Echauri,76 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (A)

The most serious threat is disturbance from climbers. A managementplan exists for the reserve area.

Gorramendi mountain B2, C6 084and Itxusi cragsAdmin region NavarraCoordinates 43°10’N 1°30’WAltitude 150–1,097 m Area 6,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area along the border with France. The site containsscrub, wet grassland and Fagus forest. The main human activities arelivestock-farming, hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest), Scrub(30%; heathland), Grassland (30%; humid grassland), Artificial landscape (10%; highlyimproved reseeded grassland)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Forestry (35%), Hunting (95%)


An important site for breeding raptors, particularly for Gyps fulvus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International High266 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Iparla, 266 ha). 107 haof IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Irubetakaskoa, 107 ha). 115 ha ofIBA covered by Natural Reserve (Itxusi, 115 ha). 5,909 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Aritzakun–Urrizate–Gorramendi,5,909 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (A),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from intensive forest management, disturbancefrom visitors and hunting. There is a recovery plan for Gypaetusbarbatus, and there are management plans for the reserves.

Roncesvalles–Irati–Abodi A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, 085mountain range C2, C5, C6Admin region NavarraCoordinates 43°00’N 1°15’WAltitude 530–2,021 m Area 39,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area along the border with France. The site has extensiveFagus and Abies forests, including the largest Fagus forest in Spain.The main human activities are forestry, livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest), Scrub(20%; heathland), Grassland (20%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Artificiallandscape (20%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Forestry (60%), Hunting (95%)


The site is very important for forest species. In particular it holds 90%of the Iberian population of Dendrocopos leucotos as well as breedingDryocopus martius. The site is a major migratory bottleneck, wheremore than 20,000 cranes and more than 3,000 raptors regularly passin autumn, including Pernis apivorus (mean 5,235 per season), Milvusmilvus (mean 2,072 per season) and Grus grus (maximum 20,100).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial232 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Arrollandieta, 232 ha).64 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Lizardoya, 64 ha).

562



Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 2 2 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1991 15 15 A B2, C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 182 182 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C62 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1991 2 3 B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1992 10 15 B C6

1. Large increase.2. Males.


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 4 4 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1991 25 25 A B2, C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 668 668 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1991 7 7 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1991 9 9 A C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1992 6 10 B C6

1. Large increase.


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 1 1 A B21 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 163 163 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.

119 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Mendilaz, 119 ha). 56 haof IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Tristuibartea, 56 ha). 18,684 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Selva de Irati–Roncesvalles,18,684 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (A), Recreation/tourism (B),Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The most important threats relate to the deleterious impact of intensiveforestry and logging. There have been several studies on the effects offorestry activities on species of woodpecker. There are managementplans for all protected sites.

Areta, Archuba and A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 086Zariquieta mountain rangesAdmin region NavarraCoordinates 42°47’N 1°22’WAltitude 500–1,475 m Area 19,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo mountainous areas to the east of Pamplona, with limestone cliffs,Pinus woodland, grassland and scrub. The main human activities arelivestock-farming, hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (40%; scrub; heathland),Artificial landscape (15%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (80%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors and forest birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial72 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Foz de Gaztelu, 72 ha).266 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Foz de Iñarbe, 266 ha).40 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Poche de Chinchurrenea,40 ha). 3,804 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra deArchuba y Sierra de Zariquieta, 3,804 ha). 1,109 ha of IBA coveredby Special Protection Area (Arabarko, 1,109 ha). 11,994 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Montes de Areta, 11,994 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Infrastructure (A), Selectivelogging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Forestry operations and the creation of new forest tracks are threatsto the site. The construction of the Itoiz reservoir will affect the area.The IBA also includes nine Wild Fauna Reserves covering 1,770 ha,declared by the regional government in 1995. Management plans existfor the protected sites.

Leyre, Illón and San Miguel A4ii, B1iii, B2, 087mountain ranges C2, C6Admin region NavarraCoordinates 42°42’N 1°04’WAltitude 400–1,420 m Area 23,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of limestone cliffs and several large gorges. The vegetationincludes alpine grassland, scrub, and Quercus, Fagus and Pinus

forests. The main human activities are forestry, hunting and livestock-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (80%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (20%; scrub; heathland;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland),Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Forestry (80%), Hunting (90%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting birds and a wintering site forPerdix perdix. The site holds the largest Gyps fulvus colonies in Spain.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial393 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Acantilados de la Piedray San Adrián, 393 ha). 1,164 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Foz de Arbayun, 1,164 ha). 153 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Foz de Benasa, 153 ha). 115 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Foz de Burgui, 115 ha). 40 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Foz de Lumbier, 40 ha). 160 ha of IBA covered by Wild FaunaReserve (Mendibeltza, 160 ha). 2,987 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Sierra de San Miguel, 2,987 ha). 9,020 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Foz de Arbayun–Sierra de Leyre,9,020 ha). 4,619 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Fozde Burgui–Sierra de Illón, 4,619 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The most important threats are from intensive forestry and logging,hunting and disturbance from visitors. A management plan exists forthe reserves.

Izaga crag B1iii, B2, C2, C6 088Admin region NavarraCoordinates 42°45’N 1°25’WAltitude 650–1,361 m Area 1,746 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small mountain range to the south-east of Pamplona, with limestonecliffs, Quercus and Fagus, scrub and Pinus plantations. The area isgrazed by sheep.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (50%; scrub),Grassland (20%), Rocky areas (10%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (40%; arable land;forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors, particularly Gypsfulvus. Gypaetus barbatus has recently started breeding.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High314 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Peña Izaga, 314 ha).1,746 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Peña Izaga,1,746 ha).

563



Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1996 1 2 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 18 22 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1992 35 40 A C6


Neophron percnopterus B 1995 50 55 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6Egyptian Vulture

1 Neophron percnopterus N 1994 200 200 A B1iii, C2Egyptian Vulture

Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1995 6 10 B C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 6 7 A C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 10 20 A C6Pterocles orientalis R 1990 40 60 B C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata R 1990 30 50 B C6



Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1996 2 — B C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 15 20 B C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 15 20 B C6


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning ofvegetation (B), Intensified forest management (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Intensive forest management, afforestation with plantations, fires,overgrazing and hunting are major threats in the IBA. A managementplan has existed since 1995.

Pitillas and Dos Reinos lagoons C6 089Admin region Navarra, AragónCoordinates 42°24’N 1°34’WAltitude 350–370 m Area 260 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSmall endorreic lagoons, now used for irrigation, with water-fringevegetation.

Habitats Wetland (100%; standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Water management (100%)


This is an important site for breeding herons and wetland raptors andpassage site for Grus grus and wildfowl.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High21 ha of IBA covered by Natural Area (Laguna de Dos Reinos, 21 ha).216 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna de Pitillas, 216 ha).21 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Laguna de DosReinos, 21 ha). 216 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Laguna de Pitillas, 216 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (C)

The main threats are from sedimentation and nutrient pollution, botha result of intensive agriculture around the lagoons. A managementplan exists for both lagoons.

Bardenas Reales A3, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 090Admin region Navarra, AragónCoordinates 42°10’N 1°30’WAltitude 290–646 m Area 55,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of steppe along the River Ebro. The site has a mixture of non-irrigated cereal cultivation, dry grassland, scrub and small Pinus woods.

Habitats Scrub (40%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (30%; dry siliceousgrassland), Rocky areas (10%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (50%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (95%), Military (5%)


Breeding birds include four of the 20 species in Europe that arerestricted to the Mediterranean biome (when breeding). Species ofglobal conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Otis tarda(non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None1,926 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Caidas de la Negra,1,926 ha). 460 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (El Bu, 460 ha).500 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Vedado de Egüaras, 500 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Other (B),Recreation/tourism (A)

There is a high level of disturbance from visitors, severe overgrazingand an increasing use of irrigation of arable crops.

Cinco Villas ponds C6 091Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°10’N 1°10’WAltitude 250–650 m Area 860 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSmall ponds used for irrigation, with emergent vegetation (Phragmites,Typha, Scirpus), surrounded by irrigated crops.

Habitats Wetland (100%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Hunting (10%), Water management (80%)


This is an important site for breeding waterbirds and wintering ducks.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Burning of vegetation (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from agricultural intensification, dredging,disturbance and hunting.

Moncayo mountain range A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 092Admin region Aragón, Castilla y LeónCoordinates 41°45’N 1°50’WAltitude 600–2,316 m Area 47,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn isolated massif that has been subject to deforestation. SomeQuercus, Fagus and Pinus forests remain on the northern slopes. Themain human activities are livestock-farming and hunting.


Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1990 15 20 A C6Caprimulgus ruficollis B 1995 Frequent — A3

Red-necked NightjarChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1994 400 — A B2, C2, C6Calandrella rufescens R 1994 1,000 — B B2

Lesser Short-toed LarkOenanthe hispanica B 1995 Common — A3

Black-eared WheatearOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1995 100 — C A3, B2, C6Sylvia conspicillata B 1995 Common — A3

Spectacled WarblerPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 500 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Juveniles.

564


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1994 269 275 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 5 8 B C6


Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1989 100 200 C B2, C2, C6

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (5%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis),Grassland (15%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland),Rocky areas (5%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (30%; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (95%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None9,848 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Dehesa del Moncayo,9,848 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B),Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from logging, a dam project and forest fires. Amanagement plan exists for the Natural Park.

River Jalón canyon C6 093Admin region AragónCoordinates 41°30’N 1°30’WAltitude 500–1,433 m Area 23,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA sparsely populated mountainous site with scrub, garrigue, grasslandsand Pinus forest. The area is used for sheep- and goat-grazing andforestry

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; scrub;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*)





Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Infrastructure (B)

Plans to construct a dam and a railway are the main threats to the site.

Langa–Mara–Belmonte B2, C2, C6 094de Calatayud plainsAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°12’N 1°30’WAltitude 780–950 m Area 6,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large area of scrub and arable cultivation.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape(*; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important site for species associated with scrub and openhabitats, particularly Chersophilus duponti.




The main threat is conversion of the remaining natural vegetation toarable cultivation.

Gallocanta lake A1, A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, 095Admin region Aragón C1, C2, C3, C5, C6Coordinates 40°56’N 1°30’WAltitude 1,000–1,057 m Area 30,280 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large brackish lake with marsh vegetation in some places and manyislets. The surrounding area is dominated by cereal fields.

Habitats Grassland (15%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (15%;standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (70%;arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


The most important passage site for Grus grus in Europe, it is a majormigratory bottleneck, where more than 20,000 cranes regularly passin spring and autumn. It is also a very important site for winteringwildfowl and for breeding steppic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial6,720 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Laguna deGallocanta, 6,720 ha). 6,720 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site(Laguna de Gallocanta, 6,720 ha). 6,720 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Gallocanta, 6,720 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Groundwater abstraction (A),Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from over-abstraction of water for agricultureand increasing disturbance from visitors, particularly of Grus grus.

Blancas–Torralba de los Sisones B2, C2, C6 096Admin region AragónCoordinates 40°50’N 1°30’WAltitude 1,000–1,171 m Area 7,850 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn upland area to the south-east of Gallocanta lake, covered byscrub, small areas of cereal cultivation and small patches of Pinuswoodland.


Anas strepera Gadwall W 1992 1,017 3,800 A A4i, B1i, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1992 8,318 35,600 A A4i, B1i, C3Aythya ferina Pochard W 1992 22,392 79,200 A A4i, B1i, C3Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1995 8 — B C6Fulica atra Coot W 1992 12,241 40,900 — A4i, B1i, C3Grus grus Crane W 1994 4,098 7,748 A A4i, B1i, C2Grus grus Crane P 1996 26,975 54,114 A A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 — 20 B C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1995 52 — B A1, C1Himantopus himantopus B 1992 100 — B C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1992 70 — B C6Gelochelidon nilotica B 1992 41 — B B1i, B2, C2, C6

Gull-billed TernChlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1992 — — — C6

565



Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 220 — B B2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1990 100 — B B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1990 500 — A B2, C2, C6


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 8 10 B C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 20 — C B2, C6


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 50 — C C6Pterocles orientalis R 1990 100 — B B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1990 400 — A B2, C2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 250 300 B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 50 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2

1. Large increase.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (55%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificiallandscape (40%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (80%), Not utilized


This is an important area for steppic birds, particularly Chersophilusduponti. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Tetrax tetrax (resident).



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The abandonment of traditional agriculture, irrigation schemes andillegal hunting threaten the area.

Montes Universales– B2, C6 097Albarracín mountain rangeAdmin region Aragón, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°25’N 1°40’WAltitude 1,100–1,900 m Area 80,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with large Pinus woodlands. There are also areasof maquis, scrub, and sheep-grazed dry grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*)


This is an important site for breeding raptors

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None59,260 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (MontesUniversales, 59,260 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)

Some threat is posed by tourism and logging.

Campo Visiedo B2, C2, C6 098Admin region AragónCoordinates 40°40’N 1°05’WAltitude 1,100–1,404 m Area 18,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn upland area dominated by scrub and cereal cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (40%; scrub),Artificial landscape (55%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (60%)


This is an important area for steppic birds, particularly Chersophilusduponti. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Otis tarda (resident).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (U)

The main threats are from a dam project and from overgrazing.Within the site there is a private ornithological reserve managed bySEO (800 ha).

River Guadalope A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 099Admin region AragónCoordinates 40°40’N 0°35’WAltitude 600–1,467 m Area 31,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a gorge which runs along a 40-km stretch of theriver. There are limestone cliffs with Pinus woodland, scrub andgrassland areas. The main human activities include sheep-farming andhunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub (40%; scrub), Grassland (10%; humid grassland), Rocky areas (20%;inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting





Threats Burning of vegetation (U), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B),Infrastructure (B), Other (A)

The main threats include the construction of forest tracks, fires andthe illegal use of poisoned baits.

River Martín canyons A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 100and Arcos mountain rangeAdmin region AragónCoordinates 40°55’N 0°45’WAltitude 400–1,237 m Area 38,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLimestone cliffs along the River Martín in the northern foothills ofthe Sistema Ibérico. The vegetation is composed of Mediterraneanscrub, maquis, xerophytic grasslands and a few Pinus woodlands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Not utilized

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Neophron percnopterus B 1996 15 — A B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 200 300 B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 10 — B C6

2 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 3 4 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 — B C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 40 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 300 — B B2, C2



Grus grus Crane P 1996 1,000 — B B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 16 20 A C6


Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 30 35 A B2, C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 70 — B B2


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 60 80 B C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 150 150 A C6Pterocles orientalis R 1995 800 1,000 B B2, C2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata Pin-tailed Sandgrouse R 1995 700 800 B B2, C2, C6Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1995 800 — B B2, C2, C6Calandrella rufescens R 1995 1,400 2,000 B B2

Lesser Short-toed Lark





Threats Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (A), Other (A), Recreation/tourism (C)

Threats include the illegal use of poisoned baits, birds colliding withpowerlines and rubbish-dumping in the river.

Alcañiz salt-lakes B1i, C2, C6 101Admin region AragónCoordinates 41°03’N 0°16’WAltitude 360–400 m Area 7,360 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site contains a number of small, seasonal salt-lakes and associatedhalophytic vegetation. The surrounding areas are dominated by cerealcultivation.

Habitats Wetland (*; standing brackish and salt water), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for steppic birds and Grus grus on passage.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Falco naumanni (10–15 breeding pairs).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are irrigation schemes and illegal hunting.

Lower course B2, C6 102of the River HuervaAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°25’N 1°00’WAltitude 400–747 m Area 37,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area south of Zaragoza with plains and low hills. The area isdominated by arable cultivation interspersed with steppe vegetationand Pinus woodland. Human activities include livestock-farming,arable cultivation and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Grassland (20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (10%; river/stream),Rocky areas (25%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (45%; arable land;forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for wintering raptors, particularly juvenileAquila chrysaetos.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Infrastructure (A), Other (A)

Threats include the use of poisons and the construction of wind-farms.

Belchite–Mediana B2, C2, C6 103Admin region AragónCoordinates 41°20’N 0°45’WAltitude 200–704 m Area 53,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionOne of the best preserved steppe areas in the River Ebro basin. Thevegetation is a mixture of steppe-grassland and arable agriculture.

Habitats Grassland (35%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape (60%;arable land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (90%)


This is an important site for breeding steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Otis tarda (15non-breeding individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Low961 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (La Lomaza deBelchite, 961 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (B), Groundwaterabstraction (U), Natural events (U), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Threats include agricultural intensification, particularly throughirrigation, ploughing of steppe vegetation, sand extraction and, in someareas, natural erosion. Illegal hunting is also a problem.

River Ebro oxbow lakes C6 104Admin region AragónCoordinates 41°30’N 0°45’WAltitude 160–206 m Area 7,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA 25-km stretch of the River Ebro downstream from Zaragoza,including a number of abandoned meanders. Some areas of alluvialwoodland, ponds and small areas of marsh vegetation remain in anotherwise intensively cultivated area.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (25%; shingle/stony beach; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificiallandscape (60%; arable land; forestry plantation)

567



Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1997 40 — A B2, C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard W 1990 145 346 B A1, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1997 10 20 B C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 — 450 B B2, C2, C6Pterocles alchata R 1996 150 230 B B2, C2, C6

Pin-tailed SandgrouseChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1993 225 — B B2, C2, C6Calandrella brachydactyla R 1993 15,000 — B B2, C6

Short-toed LarkCalandrella rufescens R 1996 4,500 — B B2



Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 230 230 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,C1, C2, C6

Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 50 100 A A1, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 75 80 A A1, C1, C6Pterocles alchata R 1996 Common — C6



Neophron percnopterus B 1995 11 16 B B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (85%), Nature conservation/research (15%)


This is an important site for breeding herons and migratingpasserines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial777 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Galachos de la Alfrancade Pastriz, la Cartuja y El, 777 ha). 777 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Galachos de la Alfranca de Pastriz,la Cartuja y El,777 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Construction/impactof dyke/dam/barrage (B), Deforestation (commercial) (B), Extraction industry (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

Major threats include the destruction of riverine forest, afforestationwith Populus plantations, sand and gravel extraction, hunting, andindustrial and urban pollution.

Monegrillo– A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 105Pina steppe area–PinaAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°35’N 0°35’WAltitude 300–448 m Area 43,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA steppe area to the west of Los Monegros. The area includes cerealcrops, patches of steppe-grassland and areas of former saltpans.

Habitats Grassland (30%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (70%; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax(65–125 breeding individuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The main threats are from railway construction, agriculturalintensification, particularly irrigation, ploughing of natural vegetationand overgrazing, and a high hunting pressure.

Los Monegros (South) A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, 106Admin region Aragón C1, C2, C6Coordinates 41°25’N 0°15’WAltitude 350–417 m Area 49,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of extensive endorreic plains with some seasonal brackishlagoons and steppe vegetation. The major land-use is non-irrigatedcereal cultivation, livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (5%; standingbrackish and salt water), Artificial landscape (85%; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species, wildfowl and passagewaders.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Infrastructure (B),Other (B)

The site is threatened by huge irrigation schemes, the use of poisonbaits, and overgrazing.

Valdurrios–Serreta Negra B2, C6 107and Los Rinconesmountain rangesAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°20’N 0°10’EAltitude 200–409 m Area 49,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a group of low hills crossed by the River Ebro and areservoir. The vegetation is a mixture of Pinus woodland, scrub andgrassland. Alluvial woodland occurs around parts of the reservoir.The main human activities are livestock-farming and fishing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (standingfresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport, Water management


This is an important site for raptors and species characteristic ofMediterranean habitats.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from irrigation schemes, hydro-power schemes,fires, illegal hunting, logging and recreational activities.


Nycticorax nycticorax B 1996 90 100 B C6Night Heron

Egretta garzetta Little Egret B 1996 10 12 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 10 12 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 3 4 A C6

568



Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1997 72 — A A1, B2, C1, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1995 — 100 B B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata R 1995 900 1,000 B B2, C2, C6



Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 15 15 A C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 10 15 A C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 36 36 A C6Grus grus Crane P 1996 300 2,000 B A4i, B1i, C2Himantopus himantopus B 1996 250 350 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltMerops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 300 — B B2


Threats Afforestation (A), Dredging/canalization (B), Extraction industry (B),Industrialization/urbanization (C)

The main threats are from afforestation with Populus plantations andregulation of the river channel.

Ballobar–Candasnos A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 110Admin region AragónCoordinates 41°37’N 0°12’EAltitude 300–400 m Area 26,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of steppe vegetation, amongst large areas of cereal cultivation,in the semi-arid region of Los Monegros.

Habitats Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape (100%; arableland; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species, particularly breedingPterocles alchata. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (11–40 resident individuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Infrastructure (B), Other (B)

The main threats are from irrigation plans to allow agriculturalintensification, the construction of a railway and the use of poison baits.

Cinca river rice-fields A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6 111and steppe areaAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°50’N 0°03’EAltitude 200–300 m Area 14,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of irrigated rice and cereal cultivation crossed by three gullieswith reedbeds (Phragmites). A small area of natural steppe vegetationremains.

Habitats Wetland (10%; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape(90%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important site for breeding waders, raptors and passageGrus grus.



Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 1 2 B C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1990 70 85 A C6Egretta garzetta Little Egret B 1990 40 45 A C6

1 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 21 21 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1995 7 10 B C6Grus grus Crane P 1995 — 1,000 C B1i, C2Alcedo atthis Kingfisher R 1995 20 30 B C6

1. Large decrease.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 20 30 B B1i, C2Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1997 40 50 B C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 20 30 B B2, C6

1 Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1997 5 10 B B2, C6Bonnelli’s Eagle

Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 25 30 C B2, C6

1. Large decrease.

Lower course of the B1i, B2, C2, C6 108River Matarraña–RibarrojaAdmin region Aragón, CataluñaCoordinates 41°00’N 0°20’EAltitude 100–500 m Area 73,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area dominated by Pinus forests, Quercus woodlandand sclerophyllous scrub. Three rivers with associated riverinevegetation cross the area. The main human activities are forestry andhunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas(*; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves;forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (70%), Hunting (100%)





Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Groundwater abstraction (A),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from the high hunting pressure and the expansionof irrigated arable cultivation.

Rivers Cinca B1i, C2, C6 109and Alcanadreriverine forestAdmin region Aragón, CataluñaCoordinates 41°47’N 0°12’EAltitude 78–400 m Area 9,450 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA long stretch of riverine forest along the Rivers Cinca and Alcanadre,which also have areas of shingle, cliffs and emergent vegetation. Themain human activities are hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland (10%; humidgrassland), Wetland (55%; shingle/stony beach; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Forestry (25%), Hunting (80%)


This is an important area for riverine species including the bestNycticorax nycticorax colony in Spain.


569



Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 20 25 B C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 2 6 B C6


Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 20 — C C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 10 15 C C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 8 10 C C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 10 15 C C6


Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1997 21 25 A C6


Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1995 20 — C C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1995 15 20 A B2, C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 40 — B B2


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Deforestation (commercial) (C),Dredging/canalization (A)

The main threat is agricultural intensification.

Sariñena lake and C6 112La Estación pondAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°45’N 0°10’WAltitude 280–300 m Area 610 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA former salty, endorreic lake that now is a freshwater wetland withreedbeds (Phragmites).

Habitats Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (100%; mudflat/sandflat; standing freshwater; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Water management (100%)


This is also a nationally important wintering site for waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None604 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Laguna de Sariñena,604 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B)

The main threat is pesticide pollution from agricultural areas aroundthe wetland.

Alcubierre and Sigena C6 113mountain rangesAdmin region AragónCoordinates 41°40’N 0°30’WAltitude 400–822 m Area 64,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn eroded range of hills dominated by sclerophyllous scrub and drygrassland, with Juniperus and Pinus forest. The main human activityis livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*)





Threats Burning of vegetation (U), Infrastructure (U), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threats are from forest fires, localized hunting pressure andinfrastructural developments.

Confidential C6 114Admin region AragónCoordinates Co-ordinates withheldAltitude 280–459 m Area 4,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSteppic area with extensive cereal crops, fallow and ruderal land.

Habitats Artificial landscape (100%; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important site for steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (30resident individuals).



Threats Other (B)

The lack of suitable rural buildings and the degradation of those thatexist are the most important threat to Falco naumanni.

Zuera mountains B2, C6 115Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°00’N 0°55’WAltitude 450–769 m Area 35,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA range of hills to the north-west of Zaragoza. They are covered withPinus woodland, sclerophyllous scrub and arable crops. Humanactivities include hunting, agriculture and military manoeuvres.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (30%; scrub;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; dry siliceous grassland),Artificial landscape (20%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (100%), Military (40%)


This is also a nationally important site for resident raptors.



Threats Afforestation (U), Burning of vegetation (A), Industrialization/urbanization (C)

The greatest threat is from fires.

Tormos reservoir A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, C2, C5 116(La Sotonera)Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°05’N 0°39’WAltitude 450–533 m Area 7,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir with a strongly fluctuating water-level. There is marshvegetation along some of the banks and the reservoir is surroundedby cereal fields.

570


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Grus grus Crane P 1995 15,000 20,000 B A4i, B1i, C2

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture N 1995 300 — B B1iii, C2Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 300 — B B2

1. Large increase.


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 3 3 A B2, C6

Habitats Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (*; standing fresh water), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation, Water management


An important wintering site for wildfowl. The site is a major migratorybottleneck, where more than 20,000 cranes regularly pass in spring.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Dredging/canalization (C), Filling-inof wetlands (U), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include high hunting pressure and disturbance from tourists.

Bajo Alcanadre– B1iii, B2, C2 117Serreta de TramacedAdmin region AragónCoordinates 42°00’N 0°05’WAltitude 400–500 m Area 17,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large semi-arid plain with eroded limestone plateaus. There are areasof non-irrigated cereal crops, low sclerophyllous scrub, and sheep-grazedpastures. Apiculture (‘Other’ land-use, below) is widely practised.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Other (*)


This is an important site for raptors and species characteristic ofMediterranean habitats, particularly Merops apiaster.




The main threat is from agricultural intensification. There are conflictsbetween apiculture and Merops apiaster.

Guara mountain range A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 118Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°20’N 0°10’WAltitude 600–2,077 m Area 95,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA massif at the southern edge of the Pyrenees with large limestone cliffsand deep gorges. There are extensive areas of scrub and grassland. Mainhuman activities are livestock-farming, forestry, hunting, and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Military, Tourism/recreation


This is a very important area for cliff-nesting and forest species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial81,350 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra y Cañones de Guara,81,350 ha). 81,350 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Sierra y Cañones de Guara, 81,350 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Burning of vegetation (A),Infrastructure (U), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Threats include uncontrolled outdoor sports and recreation, huntingand fires. A reduction in the area of arable cultivation has resulted in adrop in the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus population which has affectedraptor populations. A management plan was approved in 1997.

Oturia–Canciás B2, C6 119Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°30’N 0°10’WAltitude 780–1,928 m Area 33,520 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area between Sabiñánigo and Boltaña with cliffs,Quercus and Pinus forest and scrub. Livestock-farming and gamehunting are the most important human activities.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (alpine/subalpine/borealgrassland), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting (*), Military, Not utilized (*)


This is a nationally important site for alpine species.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

The most important threats are the construction of new roads andpowerlines and disturbance from recreational activities, particularlyof Gypaetus barbatus.

Santo Domingo–Riglos–Gratal A4ii, B1iii, B2, 120Admin region Aragón B3, C2, C6Coordinates 42°25’N 0°40’WAltitude 800–1,595 m Area 45,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area on the southern edge of the Pyrenees. Thevegetation includes maquis, Pinus plantations, and extensive scrub


Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 30 — C B3, C6Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 7 7 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 16 — C B2, C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 500 — B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1993 14 18 B B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 9 — B C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 3 4 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 15 20 B B2, C6Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 50 — C B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 200 — C B2, C2

1. Large increase.

571


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaMilvus milvus Red Kite R 1995 20 30 B B3, C6Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 3 3 A B2, C6

1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 250 — B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2

1. Large increase.


Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1994 25 30 A B3, C6Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 2 2 A B2Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1995 10 — C C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 125 — B B2


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 3 3 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1996 8 11 B C6

Egyptian VultureNeophron percnopterus N 1994 22 100 A B1iii, C2

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 200 — B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 200 — A B2, C2


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 6 6 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 10 — B C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 150 150 B B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 6 6 B C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 6 10 B C6Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 47 50 A C6

2 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1992 16 20 A C63 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1992 40 50 B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1995 2 5 B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1992 30 40 B C6Dendrocopos leucotos R 1995 10 — B C6

White-backed WoodpeckerPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 200 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.2. Males.3. P. p. hispaniensis.

and grassland areas. The main human activities are forestry, livestock-farming and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis),Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting, Tourism/recreation


This is an important area for raptors.



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Intensified forest management (B),Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats are from intensive forest management, particularly theconstruction of new tracks, disturbance caused by climbers, particularlyof nesting raptors, and a plan to build a dam at Biscarrués.

San Juan de la Peña–Oroel crag B2, B3, C6 121Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°30’N 0°45’WAltitude 800–1,769 m Area 22,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises cliffs, large Pinus plantations and areas of scruband maquis. The area is used for tourism, forestry and game hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Military, Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for cliff-nesting and forest raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None245 ha of IBA covered by Natural Site of National Interest (San Juande la Peña, 245 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main problems are from a very high tourist pressure and plans toenlarge an existing airfield.

Dos Ríos and Orba A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 122mountain rangesAdmin region AragónCoordinates 42°40’N 0°55’WAltitude 600–1,477 m Area 34,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes the Sierra de los Dos Ríos mountain range, crossed

by two gorges, with limestone cliffs, dense maquis and Pinus woodland.The main human activities are forestry and sheep-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*), Rockyareas (inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Not utilized


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors and an importantroosting site for Neophron percnopterus.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The main threats are from logging and hunting.

Belagua–Ansó–Hecho B1iii, B2, C2, C6 123Admin region Navarra, AragónCoordinates 42°50’N 0°45’WAltitude 728–2,670 m Area 44,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA Pyrenean high-mountain zone with Fagus, Abies and Pinus forests.The main human activities are forestry, hunting, livestock-grazing andtourism and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest), Scrub (20%; scrub; heathland), Grassland (40%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (90%), Not utilized (10%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial175 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Aztaparreta,175 ha). 322 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Ukerdi,322 ha). 2,353 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Larra, 2,353 ha).28,765 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Los Valles,28,765 ha). 28,757 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Reserva Nacional de Caza de Los Valles, 28,757 ha). 5,913 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Sierra de Arrigorrieta–Peña de

572



Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1995 10 — B C6


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 1 1 A B2Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1995 10 — B C6


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 6 6 A B2, C6Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 20 — B C6

1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 20 — B C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 50 — B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 30 — B C6Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1996 Abundant — A3Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1996 Abundant — A3Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1996 Abundant — A3Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2Montifringilla nivalis Snowfinch R 1996 Abundant — A3Serinus citrinella Citril Finch R 1996 Abundant — A3

1. Males.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 3 3 A B2, C6Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 20 — B C6

1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 20 — B C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 50 — B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 20 — B C6

1. Males.

Ezkaurre, 5,913 ha). 3,767 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Larra–Aztaparreta, 3,767 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

The main threat is from intensive forestry operations. Hunting andvisitor pressure are also threats.

Collarada–Telera C6 124Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°40’N 0°25’WAltitude 1,500–2,886 m Area 21,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA high-mountain zone dominated by alpine grasslands. The area isused for summer livestock-grazing and for skiing and hiking.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest; mixedforest), Grassland (75%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rocky areas (10%; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (100%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important site for alpine birds.



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from development of the skiing infrastructure,disturbance from tourists and the development of hydroelectric plants.

Panticosa–Vignemale–Tendeñera B2, C6 125Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°45’N 0°10’WAltitude 1,500–3,303 m Area 32,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn alpine area in the Pyrenees with numerous small glacial lakes andconifer forest. The area is used for livestock-grazing in summer, gamehunting, hiking, and skiing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; native coniferous forest), Grassland (70%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Wetland (5%; standing fresh water), Rocky areas (10%; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (100%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important site for alpine birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None3,500 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Ordesa y Monte Perdido,35,287 ha). 30,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve(Viñamala, 49,230 ha).



The main threat is from the development of the tourism and skiinfrastructures.

Ordesa–Bielsa A3, B2, C6 126Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°40’N 0°00'Altitude 1,200–3,355 m Area 43,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site encompasses a spectacular area of the central Pyrenees withmany peaks over 3,000 m. There are large areas of bare rock andcanyons and also Pinus and Fagus forests. Human activities includetourism, forestry, game hunting, and cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (*; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rockyareas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting, Nature conservation/research, Tourism/recreation (*)


Breeding birds include five of the 10 species in Europe that arerestricted to the Eurasian high-montane biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial31,800 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Ordesa y Monte Perdido,35,287 ha). 13,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (LosCircos, 27,119 ha). 15,000 ha of IBA covered by National GameReserve (Viñamala, 49,230 ha). 20,000 ha of IBA covered by BiosphereReserve (Ordesa–Viñamala, 51,396 ha). 15,608 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Ordesa y Monte Perdido, 15,608 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threat is disturbance from skiers and the development ofthe ski infrastructure.

Gistaín–Cotiella B2, C6 127Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°35’N 0°25’EAltitude 1,000–3,375 m Area 42,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site includes the Gistaín valley and the northern and southernmassifs of the central Pyrenees. There are spectacular cliffs in thesouthern section and also conifer forests. The main human activitiesare forestry and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Grassland (*; humid grassland),Rocky areas (*; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Urban/industrial/transport


This is a very important site for alpine and forest birds.

573


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 2 2 A B2Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 40 — B C6

1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 50 — B C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 70 — B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1996 7 10 C C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 25 — B C6Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1996 Common — A3Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1996 Common — A3Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1995 Abundant — A3Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 100 — B B2Serinus citrinella Citril Finch R 1996 Abundant — A31. Males.


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 4 4 A B2, C6Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1995 15 — C C6Perdix perdix Partridge R 1995 20 — C C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1995 10 — C C6Dendrocopos medius R 1995 10 — C B3, C6

Middle Spotted WoodpeckerPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 200 — C B2, C2


Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1995 B — — C6Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 5 5 A B2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1995 10 — C C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 18 — B B2, C6

1 Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 70 — B C62 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 215 215 B C63 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 150 — B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1996 15 — B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1995 70 — B C6Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor R 1995 400 — C A3Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1995 50 — C B2Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper R 1996 5 — C A3Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Chough R 1996 400 — B A3Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 300 — B B2, C2, C6Serinus citrinella Citril Finch R 1995 Common — A3

1. L. m. pyrenaicus.2. Males.3. P. p. hispaniensis.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial10,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Los Circos,27,119 ha). 8,300 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Posets–Maladeta, 33,267 ha). 8,300 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Parque Posets–Maladeta, 33,267 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B)

The greatest threat is from infrastructural developments, particularlyroads and powerlines.

Posets–Maladeta A3, B2, C6 128Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°40’N 0°30’EAltitude 1,100–3,404 m Area 44,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA high-altitude region of the Pyrenees with large areas over 3,000 mand numerous small mountain lakes and rocky areas. Lower down,there are Pinus, Abies and Fagus forests. The main human activitiesare forestry, livestock-farming and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Grassland (35%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rocky areas (30%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (15%; highly improved reseeded grassland)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry, Hunting (80%), Tourism/recreation (15%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial23,913 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Benasque,23,913 ha). 25,200 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Posets–Maladeta, 33,267 ha). 25,200 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Parque Posets–Maladeta, 33,267 ha.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (A), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from abandonment of traditional alpine grazingand disturbance from the large number of tourists visiting the site.

Turbón–Espés–Sis B2, B3, C2, C6 129Admin region AragónCoordinates 42°25’N 0°35’EAltitude 800–2,492 m Area 43,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with cliffs and gorges, extensive Pinus forests,scrub and grasslands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry


An important site for forest species and for resident Gypaetus barbatus.


■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats known at the site.

San Mauricio–Bohí–Beret A3, B2, C2, C6 130Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°40’N 1°00’EAltitude 650–3,032 m Area 120,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA high-altitude mountain area in the Pyrenees with cliffs, numeroussmall mountain lakes, extensive alpine grasslands and Pinus and Abiesforest. The area is used for forestry, stock-grazing in summer andtourism and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (15%; scrub; heathland), Grassland(25%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (15%; standingfresh water; river/stream; raised bog), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (30%), Nature conservation/research (20%), Tourism/recreation (25%), Water management (10%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Low10,230 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Aiguestortes i Estany deSant Maurici, 10,230 ha). 346 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Alt Aneu, 346 ha). 450 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (NogueraPallaresa–Bonaigua, 450 ha). 10,230 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Aiguestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici, 10,230 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Firewoodcollection (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from high tourist pressure, particularly damagingactivities such as off-road driving. Hydro-power schemes, illegalhunting and logging are also threats.

574


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 3 3 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1996 9 9 A C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 100 — B B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 9 9 A C6

2,3Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 45 45 A C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 15 20 B C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 400 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.2. T. u. aquitanicus.3. Males.

Sant Gervás mountains B2, C2, C6 131Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°20’N 0°55’EAltitude 800–1,839 m Area 24,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range dominated by scrub and grassland. The area isused for grazing sheep

Habitats Forest and woodland, Scrub (*), Grassland (*), Rocky areas (*)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting





Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are uncontrolled tourism and the abandonment oftraditional agriculture.

Boumort mountains B1iii, B2, C2, C6 132Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°20’N 1°10’EAltitude 550–2,076 m Area 54,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rugged area of limestone rock and a narrow gorge. The vegetationconsists of Pinus forest, scrub and alpine grasslands. The main humanactivities are game hunting, forestry, apiculture (‘Other’ land-use,below) and some livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (65%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; alluvial/very wet forest; treeline ecotone), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders),Artificial landscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (55%), Hunting (40%), Other (10%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None13,097 ha of National Game Reserve (Serra de Boumort, 13,097 ha).55 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Noguera Pallaresa–Collegats,55 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issuesThere is a high level of disturbance from sporting and recreationalactivities, particularly off-road driving. Intensive forest management,fires, and hunting are also serious threats.

Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Afforestation (B),Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Burning of vegetation (C), Firewoodcollection (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainableexploitation (A)

Monteixo–L’Orri–Tornafort B2, C6 133Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°30’N 1°20’EAltitude 700–3,144 m Area 65,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive area in the Pyrenees with large Pinus forests and morelimited areas of Betula woodland. There are also extensive areas ofscrub, pasture, and alpine grassland. The main human activities areforestry, stock-grazing, hiking, and skiing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (45%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest), Scrub (30%;scrub), Grassland (25%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; mesophile grassland)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


This is an important area for upland forest species.



Threats Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (A)

The main threat is from development of the skiing and visitor relatedinfrastructure. In some areas intensive forestry is also a threat.

Cerdaña B2, C6 134Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°30’N 1°45’EAltitude 1,450–2,898 m Area 22,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area on the border with Andorra, with large Pinuswoodlands and alpine pastures. The area is used for livestock-farming,game hunting, hiking, and skiing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*), Scrub, Grassland (*), Rocky areas (*)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


This is an important area for alpine species.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 3 3 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1996 5 5 A C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 73 73 A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 300 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 2 2 A B2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1994 8 15 B C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1994 11 11 B C6

1 Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 50 — B C62,3Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 175 175 A C64 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 150 — B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1993 10 — B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1994 40 — B C6Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 35 — B B2

1. L. m. pyrenaicus.2. T. u. aquitanicus.3. Males.4. P. p. hispaniensis.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 60 90 C C6

2,3,4Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 17 20 A C65 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 — 100 C C6Charadrius morinellus Dotterel B 1996 2 10 C C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — C B2

1. L. m. pyrenaicus.2. T. u. aquitanicus.3. Males.4. Large decrease.5. P. p. hispaniensis.

575


■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None19,437 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Cerdana,19,437 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (A), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threat is from skiing inside the forest and from continuingdevelopment of the skiing related infrastructure. Intensive forestry isalso a threat.

Cadí mountains B1iv, B2, C5, C6 135Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°20’N 1°40’EAltitude 500–2,562 m Area 69,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range with large limestone and extensive Pinus- and Abies-dominated forests. The main human activities are game hunting,forestry, livestock-farming and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (75%; broadleaved deciduous forest; nativeconiferous forest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; treeline ecotone),Scrub (12%; scrub), Grassland (19%; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland;mesophile grassland), Rocky areas (7%; scree/boulders; caves), Artificial landscape(5%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (3%), Forestry (80%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is a nationally important area for alpine species. The site is amigratory bottleneck, where 3,000 or more raptors regularly pass,notably Pernis apivorus (3,500–5,000 per season).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial50,361 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Cadi, 50,361 ha).41,342 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Cadi Moixero, 41,342 ha).41,342 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Cadí–Moixerò,41,342 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (C), Intensified forest management (A), Recreation/tourism (A),Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from intensive forestry and disturbance fromtourists. There is a forestry management plan and a management planfor the Natural Park.

Fresser–Setcases C6 136Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°25’N 2°20’EAltitude 1,200–2,913 m Area 38,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the eastern Pyrenees, with large conifer forests,scrub, grasslands and rocky areas. The area is used for game hunting,forestry, livestock-farming, and hiking.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*), Scrub (*), Grassland (*), Rocky areasLand-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


This is an important site for forest and alpine species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None20,200 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Fresser–Setcases, 20,200 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from infrastructural developments such as roadsand powerlines, urban development and disturbance from visitors.Monitoring of Tetrao urogallus and Perdix perdix is conducted by theregional government.

Ampurdán marshes A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 137Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°12’N 3°07’EAltitude 0–45 m Area 5,454 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA coastal wetland complex with saltmarshes, coastal lagoons andfreshwater ponds, humid grasslands and riverine forest. The area isused for sheep-grazing and rice cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland (35%; humid grassland;mesophile grassland), Wetland (55%; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon;standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation),Artificial landscape (70%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Forestry, Nature conservation/research (90%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


This is an important site for breeding, wintering and passage heronsand wildfowl.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High4,784 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Aiguamolls de l’Emporda,4,784 ha). 867 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve(Aiguamolls de l’Emporda, 867 ha). 4,803 ha of IBA covered by RamsarSite (Aiguamolls de l’Empordà, 4,803 ha). 867 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Aiguamolls de l’Empordà, 867 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Groundwaterabstraction (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (B), Other (B)


Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1996 5 6 A C6Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1993 35 40 A C6

1 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret N 1994 5,800 — A A4i, B1i, C31 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 49 49 A C2, C61 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard W 1994 18,000 18,000 A B1i, C31 Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1995 14 14 A C61 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1996 35 — B B2, C2, C6Himantopus himantopus B 1993 109 117 A C6

Black-winged Stilt1 Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull W 1997 5,000 — A A4i, B1i, C3Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern P 1996 250 — A B1i, C2Acrocephalus melanopogon R 1997 Common — C6

Moustached WarblerLanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1997 12 20 A C6

1. Large increase.


Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 1 2 A B2, C61,2,3Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 33 35 A C6

Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1996 4 6 B C6Dryocopus martius R 1996 21 25 A C6

Black WoodpeckerPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2

1. T. u. aquitanicus.2. Males.3. Large decrease.


Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier B 1996 2 6 B C61 Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 20 30 C C62 Perdix perdix Partridge R 1996 50 — B C6Charadrius morinellus Dotterel B 1996 3 5 B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1996 4 8 B C6

1. L. m. pyrenaicus.2. P. p. hispaniensis.

576


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 16 17 A B2, C62 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 3 — A C61 Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 22 — A B2, C61 Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull N 1996 2,000 4,000 A B1i, C3Columba oenas Stock Dove B 1996 500 700 B B3Columba palumbus Woodpigeon R 1996 10,000 40,000 B B3Streptopelia turtur Turtle Dove B 1996 6,000 8,000 B B2Tyto alba Barn Owl R 1996 500 — B B2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 40 60 A B2, C6


Athene noctua Little Owl R 1996 600 800 A B2Strix aluco Tawny Owl R 1996 700 1,500 A B3Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar B 1996 4,000 6,000 A B2, C2Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 800 1,000 B B2Picus viridis Green Woodpecker R 1996 700 1,000 B B2Hirundo rustica Swallow B 1996 4,000 10,000 B B2Monticola solitarius Blue Rock Thrush R 1996 300 400 B B2


Threats include degradation of the site by urbanization and tourismactivities, pollution from the use of pesticides in the surrounding crops,and electric powerlines. Water management in the Integral Reserve isdifficult because the land is privately-owned (‘Other’ threats, above).Ciconia ciconia and Porphyrio porphyrio have been reintroduced.

Medas islands A4i, B1i, C3, C6 138Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 42°02’N 3°13’EAltitude 0–75 m Area 21 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small, scrub-covered island and six more islets 1 km off CapeEstartit, on the Costa Brava. The islands are uninhabited. The mainactivity is tourism.

Habitats Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Marine areas (sea inlet/coastalfeatures), Rocky areas (90%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Tourism/recreation (100%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and for a heron colony.The site has one of the largest Larus cachinnans colonies in theMediterranean




The main threat to the islands is from increasing tourism. Thesurroundings of the island are protected as a Marine Reserve (418 ha).

Mountains of Barcelona B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 139Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 41°39’N 2°01’EAltitude 200–1,236 m Area 124,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionCalcareous mountains covered by Pinus forests and above 600 m byQuercus forest. The adjacent plain contains cereal crops, maquis andalluvial forest.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;mixed forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (scree/boulders;inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves;other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (50%), Hunting, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important area for species characteristic of theMediterranean region, and cliff-nesting species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None3,630 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Muntanya de Montserrat,3,630 ha). 9,638 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sant Llorenc deMunt i L’Obac, 9,638 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Afforestation (A), Burning ofvegetation (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Intensified forestmanagement (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainableexploitation (A)

Threats in the mountains include land abandonment, fires, hunting,the erection of powerlines, and uncontrolled recreational activitieswhich cause particular disturbance to raptors. In the plains, increasingurban development is a major threat.

Llobregat delta A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, 140Admin region Cataluña C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 41°16’N 2°08’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 2,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes several small wetlands and lagoons close to Barcelona.Also included are sand-dunes covered by Pinus woodland, an area ofshoreline and areas of cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Wetland (30%; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon; standing brackish and salt water;river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (open sea; sea inlet/coastal features),Artificial landscape (65%; arable land; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (10%), Nature conservation/research (10%),Not utilized (10%), Tourism/recreation (10%), Urban/industrial/transport (15%)


This is an important area for breeding, wintering and passage seabirdsand other waterbirds. Species of global conservation concern that donot meet IBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (2–5 wintering individuals) andLarus audouinii (8 wintering individuals).


Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1996 8 8 A C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1996 120 120 A C6

1 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1996 1,081 1,081 A A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 49 49 A C6Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1996 13,666 13,666 A A4i, B1i, C3

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Puffinus yelkouan W 1996 2,000 7,080 A A4ii, B1ii, C2

Yelkouan ShearwaterIxobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 22 25 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1995 1 2 A C6Porzana parva Little Crake B 1995 1 — C C6Porzana pusilla Baillon’s Crake B 1996 5 — C C6Himantopus himantopus B 1996 42 45 A C6

Black-winged StiltCharadrius alexandrinus R 1996 68 101 A B2

Kentish PloverLymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe W 1996 20 — — B2Larus melanocephalus W 1996 — 10,343 A A4i, B1i, C2

Mediterranean GullLarus minutus Little Gull P 1996 1,000 3,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1996 200 400 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

2 Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull W 1996 — 4,451 A A4i, B1i, C3Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern W 1996 107 223 A C2Chlidonias niger Black Tern P 1996 500 2,000 B A4i, B1i, C2Acrocephalus melanopogon R — — — — C6

Moustached Warbler

1. P. y. mauretanicus.2. Large increase.

577



Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 5 6 A B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 30 — C B2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCircaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1995 10 15 C C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 15 20 A C6

1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle N 1994 20 70 A B1iii, C21 Alectoris rufa Red-legged Partridge R 1995 10,000 15,000 C B22 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 600 1,000 A A1, B2, C1, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew B 1995 600 700 A B2, C2, C6


Pterocles orientalis R 1995 10 — A C6Black-bellied Sandgrouse

Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1995 850 — B B2Coracias garrulus Roller B 1995 40 50 A B2, C6Melanocorypha calandra R 1995 5,200 7,900 A B2

Calandra Lark

1. Large decrease.2. Territorial males.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGypaetus barbatus Lammergeier R 1996 2 2 A B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1996 5 — B C6

Egyptian VultureAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 7 — A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1966 10 — B C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 200 — B B2, C2, C6

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial110 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (El Remolar–Filipines,110 ha). 177 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (La Ricarda–Cal’Arana, 177 ha). 573 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Delta del Llobregat, 573 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (C), Groundwater abstraction (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threat to the site is from a large development plan for thedelta which would mean extension of the airport, enlargement of theharbour and many associated infrastructural developments. Feral catsand water pollution from agricultural chemicals are further threats.

Montagut and Montmell mountains B2, C6 141Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 41°20’N 1°30’EAltitude 400–963 m Area 44,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range dominated by Pinus and Quercus woodland andMediterranean scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting (*), Not utilized


An important site for species associated with Mediterranean habitats.



Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (B)

The site is threatened by spreading urban development, forest firesand the erection of powerlines.

Lerida steppes A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 142Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 41°40’N 1°08’EAltitude 200–829 m Area 62,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA steppe area in the Ebro valley dominated by cereal crops and locallyolive- and almond-groves. In the higher areas Quercus and Pinuswoodlands occur.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (5%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (5%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland),Wetland (1%; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (85%; arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species and dispersing juvenileraptors. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Falco naumanni (7–15 breeding pairs).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (C), Deforestation (commercial) (C), Drainage (C), Extraction industry (C),Groundwater abstraction (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (B),Selective logging/cutting (A), Shifting agriculture (C), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from hunting, plans to irrigate the cereal cropsand forestry operations.

Montsech and Montgai B2, C2, C6 143mountainsAdmin region Aragón, CataluñaCoordinates 42°05’N 0°55’EAltitude 400–1,678 m Area 49,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area of limestone cliffs and gorges. Sclerophyllousscrub predominates, with some scattered Quercus woodland, arablecultivation and olive-groves.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inlandcliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport (*)


An important area for breeding raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None1 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Noguera Ribagorcana–Mont–Remei, 1 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from the abandonment of traditional agriculturalpractices and disturbance from tourists and associated outdoor sports.

Cogul–Alfés steppes B2, C2, C6 144Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 41°30’N 0°40’EAltitude 100–352 m Area 18,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA steppe area in Cataluña comprising undulating plains with non-irrigated cereal cultivation, interspersed with garrigue-like low scruband almond trees.

578



Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 14 — B B2, C2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 17 21 B B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 50 — C B2, C6


Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 18 19 A B2, C2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 14 15 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 80 100 C B2, C2, C6


Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 59 — A C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 10 — B C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 10 — B C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 7 — B B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 25 30 B B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 25 — C B2, C6

Habitats Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*; steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Military, Tourism/recreation, Water management


This is an important area for steppic species, particularly Chersophilusduponti.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Low1,140 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Mas de Melons, 1,140 ha).1,140 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Mas de Melons,1,140 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (C), Infrastructure (B),Recreation/tourism (C)

The area is seriously threatened by irrigation schemes to permitagricultural intensification. A private airport, that holds a populationof Chersophilus duponti, has plans to expand. There is a zonal planapproved by the European Commission but not implemented by theCatalonian regional government.

Montsant and Prades mountains B2, C2, C6 145Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 41°20’N 0°50’EAltitude 400–1,201 m Area 80,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of low coastal mountains with many cliffs. The site hasextensive Pinus forests and large areas of scrub. Agricultural areasare mainly used for olive-groves, vineyards and orchards. The mainhuman activities are hunting, forestry, and agriculture.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (30%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (20%; scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (10%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (75%), Not utilized


This is an important area for resident raptors.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (U), Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (U), Other (B),Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from abandonment of traditional landmanagement, erection of powerlines, disturbance from recreationalactivities, particularly off-road driving, and illegal hunting andpoisoning.

Cardó, Tivissa and Llabería B2, C2, C6 146mountainsAdmin region CataluñaCoordinates 41°00’N 0°48’EAltitude 100–938 m Area 68,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of mountains dominated by Pinus forests and Mediterraneanscrub. The site includes an area of plain dominated by olive-groves.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; perennialcrops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Not utilized, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for breeding raptors and species characteristicof Mediterranean habitats.



Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Infrastructure (B), Natural events (B)

The main threats are from both natural and man-induced fires andthe erection of powerlines.

Pass of Beceite–Turmell mountain B2, C6 147Admin region Aragón, Cataluña, País ValencianoCoordinates 40°50’N 0°15’EAltitude 150–1,447 m Area 107,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with many cliffs and gullies. Vegetation includesextensive Pinus woodlands, areas of maquis and large areas of scrub.The area is used for forestry, livestock-grazing, and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Scrub (20%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (30%; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (30%), Not utilized (10%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None30,418 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Puertos deBeceite, 30,418 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Burning of vegetation (B),Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Infrastructure (B), Other (B)


Ardea purpurea Purple Heron R 1996 35 40 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 4 4 A C6

1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 115 185 A C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 275 335 A B2, C6Pterocles alchata R 1995 80 110 A B2, C2, C6

Pin-tailed SandgrouseMerops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 200 — C B2Coracias garrulus Roller B 1995 45 — A B2, C6

2 Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1995 44 53 A C6Melanocorypha calandra R 1995 4,500 6,300 A B2

Calandra LarkLanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike B 1995 10 15 A C6


579



Neophron percnopterus B 1997 2 2 A C6Egyptian Vulture

1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1997 85 — A B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1997 — 5 B B2Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1997 40 — C B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1997 100 — B B2

1. Large increase.

Threats include a dam project on the River Matarraña, fires and theuse of poisoned baits.

Ebro delta A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 148Admin region CataluñaCoordinates 40°43’N 0°44’EAltitude 0–185 m Area 32,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large delta that protrudes into the Mediterranean Sea forming acomplex of shallow brackish lagoons, saltmarshes, salt-lakes and sandbeaches with dunes. The site includes approximately 1,500 ha of ricecultivation. Human activities include hunting, fishing, reed-harvesting,arable cultivation and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (30%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (75%; arable land; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Fisheries/aquaculture, Hunting (65%), Nature conservation/research (25%), Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport


One of the most important sites in the Mediterranean for breeding,passage and wintering waterbirds—27,000 pairs of breedingwaterbird occur in the summer and up to 180,000 waterbirds winterat the site. The site holds more than 60% of the world population ofLarus audouinii.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial7,736 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Delta del Ebro, 7,736 ha).2,700 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (La Banya, 2,700 ha).7,736 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Delta del Ebro, 7,736 ha).7,736 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Delta del Ebro,7,736 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Drainage (B),Dredging/canalization (C), Extraction industry (C), Filling-in of wetlands (C),Industrialization/urbanization (A), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The delta is poorly protected outside the Natural Park and suffersfrom a large number of competing interests for using the land. Threatsinclude: increasing urban development; disturbance of waterbirdcolonies by tourists; a high hunting pressure and lead poisoning ofbirds from spent shot (‘Other’ threats, above); pollution from chemicalsused in rice production; and a decline in sedimentation rates as a resultof dams along the River Ebro. Bird monitoring is carried out by theregional government.

Morella pass B2, C6 149Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 40°35’N 0°10’WAltitude 800–1,318 m Area 43,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA low mountain range with Pinus halepensis forest, small Quercuswoodlands and large expanses of Mediterranean scrub. The area isused for forestry, hunting and sheep-grazing. The most importantthreat are forest fires, also new roads and high hunting pressure.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (30%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (5%;inland cliff), Artificial landscape (5%; highly improved reseeded grassland)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (45%), Hunting (80%)



Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria2 Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1996 11,300 11,300 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull W 1996 Abundant — A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1996 Common — A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

2 Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1996 300 300 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C62 Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern B 1996 1,900 1,900 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1996 5,000 5,500 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6Sterna hirundo Common Tern P 1996 Abundant — B1i, C2Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 450 650 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1996 1,500 1,500 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Acrocephalus melanopogon R 1996 — 150 A C2, C6

Moustached Warbler

1. Ph. c. sinensis.2. Large increase.3. Large decrease.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1,2Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 1996 1,600 2,500 A B1i, C3

Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1996 2 4 A C6Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 700 — A B2, C2, C6

2 Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron R 1996 160 160 A B2, C6Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1996 450 450 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

2 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1996 4,300 4,300 A A4i, B1i, C3Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret W 1996 2,000 3,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret P 1996 7,000 14,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 1,000 1,000 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6Egretta garzetta Little Egret W 1996 500 1,200 A A4i, B1i, C2Egretta garzetta Little Egret P 1996 2,000 6,000 A A4i, B1i, C2

2 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 500 500 A B2, C2, C6Phoenicopterus ruber R 1996 500 1,500 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Greater Flamingo2 Phoenicopterus ruber W 1996 1,500 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C2

Greater FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruber P 1996 6,000 7,000 A A4i, B1i, C2

Greater FlamingoAnas penelope Wigeon W 1996 3,000 13,700 A B1i, C3Anas strepera Gadwall R 1996 200 300 A B2Anas strepera Gadwall W 1996 530 4,100 A A4i, B1i, C3

3 Anas crecca Teal W 1996 1,800 18,500 A A4i, B1i, C3Anas platyrhynchos Mallard R 1996 9,000 9,000 A B1i, C3Anas platyrhynchos Mallard W 1996 17,200 42,800 A B1i, C3Anas clypeata Shoveler W 1996 5,000 20,600 A A4i, B1i, C3

2 Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard R 1996 1,500 2,000 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1996 1,000 6,100 A A4i, B1i, C3Aythya ferina Pochard W 1996 1,000 15,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Porzana pusilla Baillon’s Crake B 1990 50 — C B2, C2, C6Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1996 10 — A C6

2 Fulica atra Coot W 1996 10,000 25,000 A B1i, C3Himantopus himantopus B 1996 — 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet R 1996 400 550 A A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet W 1996 700 1,500 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2Glareola pratincola B 1996 39 99 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Collared PratincoleCharadrius alexandrinus R 1996 1,500 1,700 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3

Kentish PloverCharadrius alexandrinus W 1996 200 800 A B1i, C3

Kentish PloverCharadrius alexandrinus P 1996 Common — A4i, B1i, C3

Kentish Plover2 Calidris minuta Little Stint P 1996 Abundant — A4i, B1i, C3Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper P 1996 Abundant — A4i, B1i, C3

2 Calidris alpina Dunlin W 1996 10,000 21,000 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3Calidris alpina Dunlin P 1996 Abundant — A4i, B1i, C3Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit W 1996 2,000 4,600 A A4i, B1i, C3Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit P 1996 — 10,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit W 1996 50 500 A B2Tringa totanus Redshank P 1996 — — B A4i, B1i, C3Larus melanocephalus W 1996 8,000 16,000 A A4i, B1i, C2

Mediterranean GullLarus genei Slender-billed Gull R 1996 600 600 A A4i, B1i, C2, C3, C6

580



Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1997 10 — A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1997 6 — B C6


Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 20 26 B C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 6 6 A C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 32 34 A C6Glareola pratincola B 1996 63 90 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Collared PratincoleLarus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1997 30 120 A A1, C1Acrocephalus melanopogon R 1997 400 — B C2, C6

Moustached Warbler


Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 15 — B C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1997 — 40 B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1997 100 — B B2



Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Infrastructure (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The greatest threat is from forest fires. Other threats include new roadconstruction and high hunting pressure.

Peñagolosa B2, B3, C6 150Admin region Aragón, País ValencianoCoordinates 40°15’N 0°25’WAltitude 420–1,814 m Area 83,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of limestone mountains crossed by deep valleys and withmany cliffs. Predominantly covered by Pinus forests with someareas dominated by Quercus. There are also extensive areas ofMediterranean scrub. The main human activities are forestry andlivestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (75%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (30%; scrub; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas(10%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (15%; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (55%), Hunting (60%)





Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Deforestation (commercial) (B),Dredging/canalization (C), Extraction industry (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The most important threats are forestry operations and infrastructuraldevelopments for visitors.

Espadán mountain range B2, C6 151Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°50’N 0°20’WAltitude 400–1,106 m Area 59,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area covered by Pinus forest, Mediterranean scruband olive- and almond-groves. The main human activities are forestry,livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (30%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; dry siliceous grassland), Rocky areas (10%;inland cliff), Artificial landscape (15%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (12%), Hunting (80%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)





Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Extraction industry (B), Groundwater abstraction (C),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from fires and hunting.

Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 152Admin region País Valenciano C1, C2, C6Coordinates 40°14’N 0°12’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 860 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA coastal marshland, flooded in winter, with emergent vegetation(Phragmites, Typha, Cladium), meadows with halophytic vegetationand areas of shingle and sand-dunes.

Habitats Wetland (90%; shingle/stony beach; standing fresh water; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Hunting (90%), Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for breeding herons and Glareola pratincola.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High812 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca,812 ha). 812 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca, 812 ha). 860 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Prat de Cabanes–Torreblanca, 860 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (C), Disturbance to birds (C), Extraction industry (B), Groundwaterabstraction (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Main threats are from disturbance from cattle-grazing, peat extraction,high hunting pressure, fire, tourism, and new harbour development.

Columbretes islands A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 153Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°55’N 0°40’EAltitude 0–67 m Area 2,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn archipelago 70 km from the Castellón coast. The islands (18 ha)have steep cliffs and are predominantly vegetated with scrub.

Habitats Scrub, Rocky areas (rock stacks/islets), Marine areas (open sea)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important site for breeding seabirds and Falco eleonoraeand passage migrants.


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 4 6 B C6Columba oenas Stock Dove R 1996 360 — C B3Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 40 — C B2Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush B 1996 35 — C B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — C B2

581



Calonectris diomedea B 1995 113 113 A C6Cory’s Shearwater

Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1995 10 15 C B1i, C2, C6Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1995 31 31 A B2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1995 625 625 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6


Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret N 1995 1,936 — A B1i, C31 Himantopus himantopus R 1993 395 395 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged Stilt

1. Large increase.


Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret W 1997 599 2,026 A B1i, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 26 2,600 A A4i, B1i, C3Himantopus himantopus B 1996 156 156 A B1i, C2

Black-winged StiltGlareola pratincola B 1996 12 12 A C6

Collared PratincoleCharadrius alexandrinus R 1996 59 59 A B2

Kentish PloverChlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1996 35 35 A C6


Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 30 — B C6Marmaronetta angustirostris B 1996 2 2 A B2, C6

Marbled DuckNetta rufina Red-crested Pochard B 1996 119 119 A B1i, B2, C3Porphyrio porphyrio R 1996 18 18 B C6

Purple GallinuleHimantopus himantopus B 1996 86 300 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltGlareola pratincola B 1996 13 15 A C6

Collared PratincoleCharadrius alexandrinus B 1996 56 56 A B2

Kentish PloverChlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1996 108 108 A B1i, B2, C2, C6

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International High18 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Islas Columbretes, 18 ha).2,500 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (IslasColumbretes, 2,500 ha).



The main threat is uncontrolled tourism.

River Mijares mouth A4i, B1i, C2, C3, C6 154Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°57’N 0°01’WAltitude 0–40 m Area 375 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA river mouth with a stony riverbed and small shallow lagoons, withconsiderable expanses of Typha.

Habitats Grassland (50%; mesophile grassland), Wetland (70%; standing fresh water;river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Not utilized, Water management (80%)


This is an important site for breeding waders, wildfowl and herons.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Larus audouinii (54 passage individuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (A), Extraction industry (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are pollution from urban areas and from sprayingagainst mosquitos. Drainage, canalization and agriculturalintensification are also threats.

Almenara marshes A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 155Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°46’N 0°14’WAltitude 0–10 m Area 3,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionFormerly an area of marshland with only a few lagoonsremaining. The main human activities are arable cultivation andhunting.

Habitats Grassland (15%; humid grassland), Wetland (30%; sand-dunes/sand beach;shingle/stony beach; coastal lagoon; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (60%;arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Hunting (80%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%)


This is an important site for breeding waders, breeding and winteringherons and wintering ducks. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (five winteringindividuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Drainage (A), Extraction industry (C),Filling-in of wetlands (B), Groundwater abstraction (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include intensive hunting in winter, urban development andrubbish dumping, over-exploitation of water and agriculturalintensification.

El Moro marshes A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 156Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°35’N 0°15’WAltitude 0–10 m Area 350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small wetland with abundant water-fringe vegetation. Formerly acoastal lagoon, The site now contains salt and freshwater marshes,rice-fields and reedbeds (Phragmites).

Habitats Wetland (90%; shingle/stony beach; standing fresh water; standing brackishand salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Hunting (90%)


An important area for breeding herons, ducks and waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High350 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Marjal del Moro,350 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Filling-in of wetlands (C),Groundwater abstraction (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Industrial development, drainage, dumping and the use of pesticidesare the most important threat to the marsh. Illegal hunting andrecreational activities also cause disturbance. Ten percent of the siteis a controlled hunting area.

582


Turia canyon and Los Serranos B2, B3, C2, C6 157Admin region Castilla-La Mancha, País ValencianoCoordinates 39°45’N 1°00’WAltitude 400–1,551 m Area 135,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with large Pinus forests and areas of scrub. Themain human activities are forestry, hunting and arable cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wetforest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (30%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (25%; river/stream), Rocky areas (15%; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (30%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestryplantation)Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (65%), Hunting (90%), Tourism/recreation,Water management


An important site for raptors characteristic of Mediterranean habitats.



Threats Extraction industry (C), Firewood collection (B), Recreation/tourism (C),Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from forestry activities and visitor pressure.

Rivers Cabriel and B2, C2, C6 158Júcar canyonsAdmin region Castilla-La Mancha, País ValencianoCoordinates 39°20’N 1°08’WAltitude 200–1,108 m Area 163,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area crossed by the valleys of the Rivers Cabriel andJúcar, with Pinus forest and scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (30%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Rocky areas (5%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (25%;perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (80%)


This is an important site for cliff-nesting raptors and speciescharacteristic of Mediterranean woodland and scrub.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Low30,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Muela deCortes, 36,009 ha). 1,662 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Hocesdel Cabriel en Cuenca, 1,662 ha). 16,089 ha of IBA covered by Special

Protection Area (Hoces del Cabriel, Guadazaôn y Ojos de Moya,56,136 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B),Recreation/tourism (U), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threats are from intensive forest management and fires.

Albufera de Valencia A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 159marshes C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°20’N 0°15’WAltitude 0–60 m Area 21,120 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA freshwater coastal lagoon with abundant emergent vegetation andseveral islands, and a coastal Pinus woodland. The area also includes14,000 ha of rice cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland, Wetland (22%; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon;water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (73%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (72%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Hunting (60%), Natureconservation/research (25%)


This is a very important site for breeding and wintering waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High21,120 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Albufera de Valencia,21,120 ha). 21,000 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Albufera deValencia, 21,000 ha). 21,000 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Albufera de Valencia, 21,000 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Dredging/canalization (B), Filling-in ofwetlands (C), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Pollution from agricultural, urban and industrial sources is a seriousproblem. Other threats include illegal drainage of rice cultivation, highlevels of hunting, urban development and tourism development.


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 20 30 B B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1997 10 10 A B2, C6

Bonnelli’s EagleColumba oenas Stock Dove R 1997 400 — C B3Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 40 50 B B2, C6Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 300 500 B B2Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 40 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 150 200 B B2, C2, C6


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 20 — C B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1997 12 — C B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1997 11 — B B2, C2, C6

Bonnelli’s EagleFalco peregrinus Peregrine R 1997 20 — C B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 25 — C B2, C6Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1997 300 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1997 100 — C B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1,2Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 1997 2,382 3,000 A B1i, C3

Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 100 100 C B2, C2, C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1995 320 320 A B2, C2, C6Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1995 47 280 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1995 3,800 3,800 A A4i, B1i, C3Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret W 1997 632 3,460 A A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1995 1,750 1,750 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6Egretta garzetta Little Egret W 1997 493 2,605 A A4i, B1i, C2Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 60 60 A B2, C2, C6Anas clypeata Shoveler W 1997 380 28,732 A A4i, B1i, C3Marmaronetta angustirostris B 1996 3 4 A B2, C6

Marbled DuckNetta rufina Red-crested Pochard R 1996 104 114 A B1i, B2, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 380 11,100 A A4i, B1i, C3Himantopus himantopus B 1996 130 342 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltGlareola pratincola P 1996 100 200 B A4i, B1i, C2

Collared PratincoleCharadrius alexandrinus B 1996 81 135 A B2

Kentish PloverLarus ridibundus Black-headed Gull W 1997 10,000 58,287 A B1i, C3Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1997 100 400 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Gelochelidon nilotica B 1996 163 163 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Gull-billed TernSterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern B 1996 471 471 A B1i, B2, C2, C6

2 Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1996 79 1,650 A B1i, C2, C62 Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 12 206 A B1i, B2, C2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern P 1997 250 — B B1i, C21. Ph. c. sinensis.2. Large increase.

583



Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 10 — B C61 Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1997 4 5 A B2, C6

Bonnelli’s EagleMerops apiaster Bee-eater B 1997 230 — B B2

1. Large decrease.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaIxobrychus minutus Little Bittern R 1995 30 50 B B2, C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron R 1996 12 15 B C6Marmaronetta angustirostris B 1996 3 3 B B2, C6

Marbled Duck1 Himantopus himantopus B 1996 13 166 A B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged Stilt

1. Large decrease.


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 4 5 A C61 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1997 4 5 A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 12 — B C6Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 300 — B B2Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 300 — C B2, C2Monticola solitarius Blue Rock Thrush R 1996 200 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 400 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large decrease.

La Safor and B2, B3, C6 160North Alicantemountain rangesAdmin region País ValencianoCoordinates 38°45’N 0°31’WAltitude 230–1,390 m Area 102,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of mountains between the provinces of Valencia and Alicantewith well conserved Mediterranean forest. Human activities includeforestry, hunting and agriculture.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (50%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (30%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(20%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Forestry (30%), Hunting (75%)


This is an important site for species typical of Mediterranean habitatsand cliff-nesting raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Low2,450 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Carrascal de la Font Roja,2,450 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Burning of vegetation (A),Intensified forest management (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Forestry exploitation and forest fires are the most important threats.A management plan for the Natural Park has existed since 1993.

Enguera mountain range– B2, C6 161La Canal de NavarrésAdmin region País ValencianoCoordinates 39°00’N 0°48’WAltitude 300–1,126 m Area 52,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area dominated by Pinus forest and scrub, degradedby forest fires.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (50%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (30%; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland), Rocky areas (5%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (10%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (80%)


This is an important area for breeding raptors.



Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Intensified forest management (B), Unsustainableexploitation (U)

The most important threats are forest fires and illegal hunting.

Pego–Oliva marshes B1i, B2, C2, C6 162Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 38°50’N 0°05’WAltitude 0–87 m Area 1,290 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of reedbed (Phragmites) and humid grassland that is proneto flooding. Hunting and agriculture are the main human activities.

Habitats Scrub (10%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (15%; humidgrassland), Wetland (55%; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation),Artificial landscape (20%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important site for breeding herons and waders and winteringand passage waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High1,290 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Marjal de Pego–Oliva,1,290 ha). 1,290 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Marjalde Pego–Oliva, 1,290 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Drainage (A), Dredging/canalization (B),Groundwater abstraction (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from water management and abstraction by localfarmers and the high hunting pressure.

Marina mountain ranges B2, C2, C6 163Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 38°40’N 0°15’WAltitude 0–1,558 m Area 102,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area covered by Pinus forests, Mediterranean scruband fruit cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (25%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (50%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%;steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (10%; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (20%; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (75%)



Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 5 — A C61 Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1995 8 9 A B2, C6

Bonnelli’s EagleFalco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 10 — A C6Columba oenas Stock Dove R 1995 360 — C B3Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 12 — B C6Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1995 230 — C B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 100 — C B2

1. Large decrease.

584



Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1993 350 460 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6


Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1995 35 106 A B2, C2, C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1993 40 40 A C6Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1993 25 25 A C2, C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 22 26 A C6Phoenicopterus ruber B 1997 300 300 — A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Greater FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruber W 1997 50 2,150 A A4i, B1i, C2

Greater Flamingo1 Anas clypeata Shoveler W 1997 620 10,040 A A4i, B1i, C31 Marmaronetta angustirostris R 1996 35 47 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

Marbled Duck C1, C2, C61 Marmaronetta angustirostris W 1996 — 486 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

Marbled DuckNetta rufina Red-crested Pochard R 1995 21 78 A B2Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 55 915 A A4i, B1i, C3

Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Oxyura leucocephala R 1996 10 15 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,

White-headed Duck C2, C61 Oxyura leucocephala W 1997 97 155 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

White-headed Duck1 Himantopus himantopus B 1995 301 331 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet R 1997 40 53 A C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet W 1997 10 712 A B1i, B2, C2Charadrius alexandrinus R 1995 108 136 A B2

Kentish Plover2 Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1995 4 75 A B2, C2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1995 219 219 A B1i, B2, C2, C6



Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1995 21 21 A C6Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1995 4 4 A B2Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 26 26 A C6Phoenicopterus ruber W 1997 614 1,922 A A4i, B1i, C2

Greater FlamingoMarmaronetta angustirostris R 1996 6 10 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

Marbled Duck C1, C2, C6Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard R 1995 321 321 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 32 421 A B1i, C3Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet R 1995 593 593 A A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet W 1997 875 1,595 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2Charadrius alexandrinus R 1995 328 — — A4i, B1i, B2, C3

Kentish PloverSterna hirundo Common Tern B 1995 174 174 A C6Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1995 148 — A B1i, B2, C2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1995 80 90 A B1i, B2, C2, C6

This is an important site for raptors and species characteristic ofMediterranean habitats.



Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Infrastructure (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from forest fires and a high hunting pressure.

Alicante islets B1ii, B2, C2, C6 164Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 38°30’N 0°09’EAltitude 0–73 m Area 40 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThree small rocky islets near the coast of Alicante with cliffs and someareas of scrub.

Habitats Scrub (50%; scrub), Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and migrant passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial40 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Isla de Tabarca, 50 ha).7 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Islote de Benidorm yPeñas de Arabi, 7 ha).



The most important threat is disturbance from fishermen and tourists.

El Hondo wetland A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 165Admin region País ValencianoCoordinates 38°20’N 0°42’WAltitude 0–10 m Area 2,387 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo reservoirs with reedbeds (Phragmites) and surrounded by smallbrackish and freshwater lakes. The main human activities are huntingand fishing.

Habitats Wetland (95%; standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (5%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Fisheries/aquaculture (60%), Hunting (80%), Natureconservation/research (10%), Water management (60%)


This is a very important wetland for breeding and wintering waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High2,387 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (El Hondo, 2,387 ha).2,387 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (El Hondo, 2,387 ha).2,387 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (El Hondo,2,387 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (A), Drainage (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Natural events (A), Other (A),Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Threats include a channel in which juvenile ducks become trappedevery year, lead poisoning from spent shot (‘Other’ threats, above)and a recent severe drought. Oxyura jamaicensis has been hybridizingwith O. leucocephala since 1992, although all hybrids have been killed.Conservation NGOs have successfully campaigned for a hunting banalthough there are still some problems.

Santa Pola saltpans A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, 166Admin region País Valenciano C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 38°13’N 0°35’WAltitude 0–10 m Area 2,496 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of saltpans surrounded by artificial freshwater and brackishponds with dense plant cover.

Habitats Wetland (100%; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; standing fresh water;standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Hunting (90%), Nature conservation/research (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (50%)


This is an important site for breeding and wintering waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High2,496 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Salinas de Santa Pola,2,496 ha). 2,496 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Salinas de SantaPola, 2,496 ha). 2,496 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Salinas de Santa Pola, 2,496 ha).

585



Podiceps nigricollis W 1997 844 2,100 A A4i, B1i, C3Black-necked Grebe

Himantopus himantopus B 1995 40 140 A B1i, C2Black-winged Stilt

Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1995 78 83 A C6Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover R 1995 210 222 A B1i, B2, C3

1 Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull W 1997 482 1,900 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1995 211 223 A B1i, B2, C2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1991 57 78 A B2, C6

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Podiceps nigricollis W 1990 263 2,000 A A4i, B1i, C3

Black-necked GrebeMarmaronetta angustirostris B 1995 0 3 C B2, C6

Marbled Duck1 Himantopus himantopus B 1994 68 68 A C6

Black-winged Stilt1 Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1995 126 126 A B3, C6Charadrius alexandrinus B 1994 155 155 A B2

Kentish Plover2 Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull W 1996 96 96 A A1, C1Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1995 25 25 A B2, C2Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1994 138 138 A B1i, B2, C2, C6


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle R 1996 6 8 B C6

1,2Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle W 1996 25 100 B B1iii, C21,2Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle N 1996 15 50 A B1iii, C2

Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 6 6 A C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 30 50 C C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 9 10 A C6Coracias garrulus Roller B 1996 5 10 C C6

1. Large increase.2. Juveniles.


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (C),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Threats come from the high hunting pressure, a central access roadand urbanization along the beach zone. A management plan for theNatural Park has existed since 1994.

Mata and Torrevieja lagoons A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 167Admin region País Valenciano C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 38°03’N 0°40’WAltitude 0–10 m Area 3,755 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo coastal lagoons which have been transformed for salt extraction.There is a narrow belt of reed (Phragmites) and halophytic vegetation.

Habitats Scrub (10%; scrub), Wetland (90%; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Not utilized, Urban/industrial/transport (40%), Water management (20%)


The site is important for breeding, wintering and passage waterbirds.The site acts as an important refuge when there is hunting in the ElHondo (215) and Santa Pola (216) IBAs.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High3,755 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Lagunas de la Mata yTorrevieja, 3,755 ha). 3,700 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site(Lagunas de la Mata y Torrevieja, 3,700 ha). 2,100 ha of IBA coveredby Special Protection Area (Salinas de la Mata y Torrevieja, 2,100 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include building construction, water pollution and disturbancefrom the saltworks and from tourists. A management plan for theNatural Park has existed since 1995.

El Valle, Altaona and B1iii, C2, C6 168Escalona mountainsAdmin region Murcia, País ValencianoCoordinates 38°00’N 0°55’WAltitude 200–647 m Area 24,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes both mountains and plains south-east of the city ofMurcia. The vegetation is mainly Pinus forest, scrub and steppe habitats.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (*; semi-desert),Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important area for dispersing juvenile raptors and also forsteppic species. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Aegypius monachus (passage), Aquila clanga(passage) and Falco naumanni (14 wintering individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None2,000 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (El Valle, 10,500 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (A), Other (A)

The main threats are from plans for irrigation schemes, urbanization,the use of poison (‘Other’ threats, above) and powerlines.

Mar Menor coastal lagoon A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, 169Admin region Murcia C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 37°45’N 0°45’WAltitude 0–5 m Area 14,933 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large saline coastal lagoon connected to the sea by three channels.There are several areas of saltpans surrounded by reedbeds(Phragmites) and saltmarshes.

Habitats Wetland (100%; mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastallagoon; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (90%), Military (10%), Tourism/recreation (95%)


This is an important site for breeding and wintering ducks, wadersand seabirds. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Marmaronetta angustirostris (wintering).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial856 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Salinas y arenales de SanPedro del Pinatar, 856 ha). 50 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park(Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila, 2,453 ha). 900 haof IBA covered by Protected Landscape (Espacios abiertos e islas delMar Menor, 1,154 ha). 14,933 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (MarMenor, 14,933 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (C),Drainage (B), Dredging/canalization (A), Filling-in of wetlands (C), Groundwaterabstraction (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

The most important threats are urbanization, particularly along themain sandbar, in-filling, dredging and canalization, road building anddisturbance caused by tourists. A management plan is being preparedand a LIFE project has examined conservation of the area.

586


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Calonectris diomedea B 1996 100 100 A C6

Cory’s Shearwater2 Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1996 29 — A C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1996 450 450 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6



Bucanetes githagineus R 1996 15 — C B2, C6Trumpeter Finch


Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 2 2 A C6Bonnelli’s Eagle

Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 13 13 A C6Bucanetes githagineus R 1996 5 — B B2, C6

Trumpeter Finch


Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 4 4 A C6Bonnelli’s Eagle

Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1991 10 10 B C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1992 100 — C B2, C6Bucanetes githagineus R 1996 Common — B2, C6

Trumpeter Finch

Littoral islets of Murcia A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 170and Almería C1, C2, C6Admin region Andalucía, MurciaCoordinates 37°35’N 1°00’WAltitude 0–100 m Area 300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site includes six small, rocky, sparsely vegetated islets, close tothe coast of Murcia and Almería.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Military, Nature conservation/research





Threats Disturbance to birds (A), Other (A)

The main threat is from disturbance from tourists and from militarymanoeuvres. There is competition between Larus cachinnans andL. audouinii (‘Other’ threats, above).

Fausilla mountains B2, C6 171Admin region MurciaCoordinates 37°35’N 0°50’WAltitude 0–368 m Area 900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of coastal hills with dry scrub and rocky areas.

Habitats Desert (*; semi-desert), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Hunting, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for species associated with Mediterraneanscrub.



Threats Industrialization/urbanization (A)

The expansion of an industrial area within the site is the main threat.

Muela mountain range B2, C6 172and Cape TiñosoAdmin region MurciaCoordinates 37°35’N 1°11’WAltitude 0–629 m Area 11,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of semi-arid coastal mountains dominated by dry scrub. There

are also some small Pinus woodlands, non-irrigated crops, ruderalareas and crops under plastic.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; scrub;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareousgrassland), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important area for species associated with Mediterraneanscrub.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (C),Industrialization/urbanization (B), Other (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from urbanization, particularly of the cape area,new quarries, disturbance from recreational activities and the use ofpoison (‘Other’ threats, above).

La Almenara B2, C6 173mountain range–Cape CopeAdmin region MurciaCoordinates 37°30’N 1°30’WAltitude 0–888 m Area 25,850 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLow mountains including a coastal section. The main habitats arescrub, orchards, Pinus halepensis woodland and arable crops. Humanactivities include hunting, forestry and agriculture.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (scrub; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (semi-desert), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important area for raptors and steppic species. The siteholds a new population of Bucanetes githagineus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None250 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Cabo Cope–PuntasCalnegre, 2,936 ha). 1,960 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape(Sierra de las Moreras, 1,960 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Groundwater abstraction (B),Infrastructure (C), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

587



Circaetus gallicus B 1991 11 11 A C6Short-toed Eagle

Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 7 8 A C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1991 8 8 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1991 8 8 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 15 — B C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1992 100 — C B2, C6


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard B 1995 6 58 A C6Himantopus himantopus B 1995 52 52 A C6

Black-winged StiltBurhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 37 37 A C6


Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1996 118 130 A B2, C6


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle R 1996 20 — A B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 6 8 A C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle R 1996 30 40 B B2, C6


Pterocles orientalis R 1995 23 30 A C6Black-bellied Sandgrouse

Coracias garrulus Roller B 1994 15 25 B C6

The main threats are from the abandonment of traditional crops andan increase use of crops grown under plastic, increasing use of gamefences and the creation of new tracks.

Torrecilla and Gigante B2, C6 174mountain rangesAdmin region MurciaCoordinates 37°45’N 1°51’WAltitude 400–1,494 m Area 42,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionMountains, in the west of the Murcia region, with Pinus, Quercus andJuniperus woodland, steppic habitats and non-irrigated crops.Agriculture, forestry, mining and hunting are the most importanthuman activities.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; scrub;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland),Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestryplantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*)


This is an important area for cliff-nesting birds. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni(breeding).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (B), Groundwaterabstraction (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from the expansion of crops grown underplastic, disturbance from sporting activities, the expansion ofmining, and potential groundwater extraction for crop irrigation.

Guadalentín saltmarshes C6 175Admin region MurciaCoordinates 37°45’N 1°25’WAltitude 100–193 m Area 6,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionWide plains both sides of the River Guadalentín with ravines,saltmarshes and small expanses of unploughed saline ground. Thereare also orchards, areas of cereal cultivation and almond-groves.

Habitats Scrub (10%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (5%; saltmarsh; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (65%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves;forestry plantation; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Hunting (80%), Military (30%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%),Water management


This is an important area for breeding steppe birds, although numbersare declining. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Marmaronetta angustirostris (2–7 passage individuals)and Falco naumanni (1–5 passage individuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Filling-in of wetlands (B),Groundwater abstraction (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A)

The most important threats are from crop irrigation, agriculturalexpansion and industrial developments.

Las Cabras plain B2, C6 176Admin region MurciaCoordinates 37°50’N 1°40’WAltitude 500–700 m Area 1,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plain dominated by dry scrub and surrounded by hills with Pinusforests. The main human activity is sheep-farming.

Habitats Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*; steppe/drycalcareous grassland)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Not utilized


This is an important site for species associated with open habitats,particularly Chersophilus duponti.



Threats Afforestation (U), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B)

The main threats are from the ploughing of steppe habitat and theexploitation of the forested areas.

Burete, Cambrón and B2, C6 177Espuña mountain rangesAdmin region MurciaCoordinates 38°00’N 1°45’WAltitude 500–1,585 m Area 47,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with cliffs and a large area of Pinus forest. Atlower altitudes dry scrub dominates. The main human activities areforestry, hunting and mining.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas(inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; forestry plantation)Land-use Forestry (*), Hunting, Urban/industrial/transport


588



Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 6 — C C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew B 1996 220 — C B2, C6


Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 18 18 A B2, C6


Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 5 5 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 9 9 A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — A B2, C6


Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 15 A C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 20 20 A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2, C6

This is a very important site for forest- and cliff-nesting raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None13,855 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Sierra Espuña,13,855 ha). 10,786 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Sierra Espuña,10,786 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Extraction industry (B), Intensifiedforest management (B)

The main threats are from mining and forestry operations. Ploughing,in the lower parts of the site threatens Chersophilus duponti.

Quipar reservoir, B2, C6 178Molino mountain rangeand Cagitán plainsAdmin region MurciaCoordinates 38°15’N 1°40’WAltitude 400–826 m Area 22,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of low semi-arid hills with arable crops, some scrub andreedbeds (Phragmites) around a reservoir.

Habitats Scrub (*; scrub), Wetland, Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Water management


This is an important site for species characteristic of open and scrub-dominated habitats. Species of global conservation concern that donot meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni (breeding) and Tetrax tetrax(breeding).



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B)

The abandonment of arable cultivation threatens typical steppespecies.

Ricote and Nevela B2, C6 179mountain rangesAdmin region MurciaCoordinates 38°15’N 1°15’WAltitude 100–1,121 m Area 9,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of low mountains dominated by Pinus woodland and maquisand with many cliffs and ravines. The main human activities arehunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (inland cliff)Land-use Forestry (*), Hunting (*)

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important area for cliff-nesting raptors.



Threats Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threat is from high hunting pressure, and poaching ofchicks.

Pila mountain range B2, C6 180Admin region MurciaCoordinates 38°14’N 1°16’WAltitude 300–1,023 m Area 8,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area covered by Pinus forest and scrub. Humanactivities include forestry, mining and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; forestryplantation)Land-use Forestry (*), Hunting, Urban/industrial/transport



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None7,858 ha of IBA covered by Regional Park (Sierra de la Pila,7,858 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (B), Intensified forest management (B), Other (A),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from mining, forestry, hunting and the use ofpoison (‘Other’ threats, above).

Moratalla mountain range C6 181Admin region MurciaCoordinates 38°15’N 2°00’WAltitude 500–1,475 m Area 21,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of limestone mountains crossed by deep valleys. There iscultivation in the valleys and mixed forest, Quercus forest and scrubin the mountains. The main human activity is livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This is an important area for species characteristic of Mediterraneanforest and scrub.


Circaetus gallicus B 1994 7 7 A C6Short-toed Eagle

Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 5 5 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 10 10 A C6

589


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1993 1,800 — B A1, B2, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1994 176 176 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Himantopus himantopus B 1992 188 — A B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1992 62 — A C6Pterocles orientalis R 1996 150 — B B2, C6


1. Males.


Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1995 7 8 A B2, C6Bonnelli’s Eagle

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 150 — C B2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1994 3,000 — A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 23 230 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1994 100 — B B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata R 1994 1,000 — A B2, C2, C6


1. Males.


Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1995 95 95 A A1, B2, C1, C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1994 2,500 — A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1994 37 120 A A1, C1Pterocles alchata R 1994 150 — B B2, C2, C6




Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threat is from forest fires. Persecution of Hieraaetus fasciatushas led to its extinction in the site.

Pétrola–Almansa–Yecla A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 182Admin region Murcia, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°45’N 1°20’WAltitude 800–1,000 m Area 75,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn undulating plain dominated by arable agriculture with scrub,grassland and small areas of Pinus woodland and endorreic lagoons.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (standing freshwater), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for steppic birds and breeding waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial12,707 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Área Estepariadel Este de Albalete, 14,257 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Infrastructure (C)

The main threats are from agricultural intensification, particularlythrough irrigation, and the construction of a new railway.

River Mundo and B2, C6 183River Segura canyonsAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°30’N 2°00’WAltitude 500–1,700 m Area 78,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo river valleys with well conserved riverine forest and also Pinusforest with some areas of scrub. The main human activities arelivestock-farming, forestry, tourism and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (25%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (10%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland),Wetland (10%; standing fresh water), Rocky areas (25%; scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (25%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (50%)


The site is important for forest- and cliff-nesting raptors.



Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Infrastructure (B), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from increasing tourism, the development ofthe transport infrastructure, illegal hunting and poisoning, andforest fires.

Campo de Montiel A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 184Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°40’N 2°50’WAltitude 880–1,042 m Area 153,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn undulating plain with arable cultivation and patches of scrub andgrassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub), Grassland,Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This is an important site for steppic birds.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (U)

The main threat is from agricultural intensification, particularlyirrigation of crops.

San Clemente– A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 185VillarrobledoAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°20’N 2°30’WAltitude 700–852 m Area 103,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of cultivated plains, with a few Quercus woodlands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry


The site is important for species associated with steppic habitats.


590



Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 5 7 A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 10 16 B B2, C6



1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 224 224 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 12 12 A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 17 17 A B2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 148 148 A B2, C6

1. Large increase.



1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 525 525 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 21 — A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 35 35 A B2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 288 293 A B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1992 400 — C B2, C2, C6


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (U), Dredging/canalization (U),Infrastructure (U)

The main threats are from the irrigation of crops, road building andthe canalization of rivers.

Canyons on the B2, C6 186middle sectionof the Cabriel riverAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°50’N 1°40’WAltitude 800–1,120 m Area 52,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionVegetation comprises Pinus, Quercus and Juniperus woodland, scruband grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*)





Threats Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threat is from increasing recreational use of the river.

Cuenca mountain ranges A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 187Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°25’N 2°00’WAltitude 1,200–1,600 m Area 102,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionFlat-topped mountains to the north of Cuenca. The landscape isdominated by cliffs and gorges and the vegetation cover is almostcompletely Pinus forest. The main human activities are forestry,livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Scrub (25%; scrub), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (*; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (10%), Hunting (*)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial25,724 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Serrania deCuenca, 25,724 ha). 70,590 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea, 128,345 ha).


Upper sections of the A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 188Rivers Tajo and TajuñaAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°48’N 2°15’WAltitude 800–1,744 m Area 157,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA limestone canyon along the upper reaches of the Rivers Tajo andTajuña. Vegetation includes Pinus forest, garrigue and grassland areas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Scrub (scrub), Grassland, Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (*; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry, Tourism/recreation



■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial87,269 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Alto Tajo,125,988 ha). 8,900 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Parameras de Maranchón, 44,819 ha).



Threats are from more intensive forest management and disturbancefrom increasing recreational activities, particularly angling andcanoeing.

Embid–Molina high moors B2, C2, C6 189Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 41°00’N 1°55’WAltitude 1,000–1,203 m Area 13,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA treeless, flat, upland area with non-irrigated cereal crops and patchesof grassland grazed by sheep.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This is an important site for Chersophilus duponti. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax(resident).



Threats Afforestation (B)

Afforestation is a threat.

591


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 125 125 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 5 5 A B2Grus grus Crane P 1997 — 1,000 B B1i, C2


Grus grus Crane P 1994 — 9,950 A A4i, B1i, C2Himantopus himantopus B 1997 272 286 A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1997 109 149 A B3, C6


Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1990 4 4 A C6Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1994 600 — A A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1994 419 579 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

River Mesa canyons B1iii, B2, C2, C6 190Admin region Aragón, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 41°11’N 1°54’WAltitude 800–1,151 m Area 12,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA steep-sided valley with many limestone cliffs. The vegetation consistsprimarily of maquis and sheep-grazed grassland.

Habitats Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*), Rocky areas(*; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


An important site for cliff-nesting raptors, particularly Gyps fulvus.



Entrepeñas and B1i, B2, C2 191Buendía reservoirsAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°30’N 2°45’WAltitude 800–1,189 m Area 38,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes two reservoirs with numerous limestone cliffs, maquis,Pinus woodland and sclerophyllous scrub. The main human activityis livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (25%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (20%; scrub),Wetland (10%; standing fresh water), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(40%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Water management


This is an important site for breeding Hieraaetus fasciatus and forGrus grus on passage.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial23,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra deAltomira, 29,018 ha).



Visitors to the reservoir dam cause some disturbance.

El Hito A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6 192Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°52’N 2°41’WAltitude 835–835 m Area 24,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA seasonal lagoon surrounded by cereal crops and patches of grassland.

Habitats Wetland (standing fresh water), Artificial landscape (100%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting


This is an important site for passage Grus grus, breeding waders andwinter waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial915 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (El Hito, 915 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (U), Disturbance to birds (A),Dredging/canalization (B), Infrastructure (U)

The main threat is disturbance of Grus grus by farmers.

Tarancón–Ocaña– A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 193Corral de AlmaguerAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°00’N 3°00’WAltitude 740–762 m Area 129,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mainly cultivated plain with patches of grassland and Quercuswoodland.

Habitats Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (95%; arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (95%), Hunting (60%)


This is an important site for breeding steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni(39 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial40,046 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Área Estepariade la Mancha Norte, 97,973 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Dredging/canalization (B), Filling-in of wetlands (C), Groundwater abstraction (A),Infrastructure (B)

A number of problems threaten this site including irrigation of crops,illegal hunting, river canalization, afforestation and over-exploitationof groundwater.

Tembleque– A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 194La Guardia plainsAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°40’N 3°30’WAltitude 700–877 m Area 128,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA cultivated area with seasonal saline lagoons.

Habitats Scrub, Wetland (standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water;river/stream), Artificial landscape (95%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (95%)

592


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaNetta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 274 274 A B1i, C3Oxyura leucocephala B 1995 16 29 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,

White-headed Duck C2, C6Oxyura leucocephala W 1997 9 9 A B1i, C2

White-headed Duck1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1995 1,800 — A A1, B2, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1995 707 1,205 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1995 293 308 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1995 40 — B C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata R 1995 600 — B B2, C2, C6


1. Males.


Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 20 30 A C6Anas strepera Gadwall B 1997 45 45 A B2Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard R 1996 338 338 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 4,638 4,638 A A4i, B1i, C3Oxyura leucocephala R 1996 20 20 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,

White-headed Duck C2, C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 52 52 A C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 100 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6Himantopus himantopus B 1996 201 210 A B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 65 65 A C6Glareola pratincola B 1996 47 47 A B1i, B2, C2, C6

Collared PratincoleGelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1996 182 182 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaAnas clypeata Shoveler W 1997 4,229 — A B1i, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 253 253 A B1i, C3

1 Oxyura leucocephala R 1995 17 17 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,White-headed Duck C2, C6

Oxyura leucocephala W 1997 8 32 A A1, B1i, C1, C2White-headed Duck

Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1992 5 — C C6Himantopus himantopus B 1996 134 134 A B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 62 62 A C6Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1996 190 260 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 19 19 A C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1996 30 30 A C6Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron B 1996 4 4 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 88 88 A B2, C2, C6Anas strepera Gadwall B 1996 63 63 A B2Anas strepera Gadwall W 1997 712 2,010 A A4i, B1i, C3Anas platyrhynchos Mallard W 1997 1,061 21,275 A B1i, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard B 1996 237 1,150 A A4i, B1i, B2, C3Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1997 276 5,365 A A4i, B1i, C3


This is an important area for breeding steppic species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial48,900 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Área Estepariade la Mancha Norte, 97,973 ha). 1,156 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Humedales de la Mancha, 11,520 ha).


Threats Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threat is from illegal hunting.

Alcázar de San Juan– A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, 195Quero endorreic lagoons C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°30’N 3°10’WAltitude 700–750 m Area 58,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of arable cultivation with several natural and artificial lagoons.

Habitats Wetland (*; standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (85%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (85%), Hunting


The site is important for steppic species and wildfowl. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (22resident pairs) and Otis tarda (14–27 resident pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial250 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Lagunas de Alcázar de SanJuan, 250 ha). 8,800 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Humedales de la Mancha, 11,520 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (U), Dredging/canalization (U),Groundwater abstraction (U), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Natural events (B)

Threats include over-exploitation of water resources, urbandevelopment, river canalization, and droughts which lead to thelagoons drying out.

Pedro Muñoz–Manjavacas A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 196endorreic lagoons C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°25’N 2°45’WAltitude 680–720 m Area 41,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of lakes surrounded by arable land.

Habitats Wetland (10%; standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; river/stream),Artificial landscape (90%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


This is an important site for breeding and wintering ducks.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Low231 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Laguna de Manjavacas,231 ha). 34 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Laguna de la Vega(o del Pueblo), 34 ha). 1,565 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Humedales de la Mancha, 11,520 ha).


Threats Dredging/canalization (U), Groundwater abstraction (U), Natural events (B)

The main threats are from droughts, abstraction of groundwater andriver canalization.

Tablas de Daimiel marshes; A4i, B1i, B2, 197‘Vicario’ and ‘Gasset’ reservoirs C2, C3, C6and Malagón lakesAdmin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°00’N 3°45’WAltitude 600–800 m Area 31,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of wetlands to the north of the Ciudad Real, comprising theflood-plain of the River Guadiana, two reservoirs, and two smallendorreic lagoons. Arable cultivation surrounds the wetlands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Wetland (*; standing freshwater; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (70%; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (70%), Nature conservation/research (10%), Water management (*)

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important site for breeding herons and breeding and winteringducks. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Aythya nyroca (breeding) and Oxyura leucocephala (wintering).

593


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaIxobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 4 4 A C6

1 Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1995 18 18 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 13 13 A C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1997 13 15 B C6Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1995 20 20 A C6

1. Large decrease.


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1994 1,200 — A A1, B2, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1994 139 201 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6


Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck B 1996 2 2 A B2Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1992 5 — C C6Himantopus himantopus B 1997 110 210 A B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged Stilt

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial1,928 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Tablas de Daimiel,1,928 ha). 318 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (LasTablas de Daimiel, 318 ha). 25,000 ha of IBA covered by BiosphereReserve (La Mancha Húmeda, 25,000 ha). 1,928 ha of IBA coveredby Ramsar Site (Las Tablas de Daimiel, 1,928 ha). 1,928 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Tablas de Daimiel, 1,928 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Drainage (A), Dredging/canalization (A), Filling-in of wetlands (A), Groundwaterabstraction (A), Infrastructure (A), Natural events (A), Recreation/tourism (U)

Over-exploitation of water for agriculture has caused the flood-plainarea to dry out. Further threats come from intensification ofagriculture, canalization of rivers and droughts.

Castrejón reservoir C6 198Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°48’N 4°20’WAltitude 400–569 m Area 3,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn irrigation reservoir with steep banks on the River Tajo. There areareas of marshland and alluvial woodland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Grassland, Wetland (*; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation),Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture, Tourism/recreation, Water management (*)


This is an important site for breeding and wintering waterbirds,particularly wintering Phalacrocorax carbo.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial1,200 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Río Tajo enCastrejon, Islas de Malpica del Tajo y Azután, 1,960 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

There are high levels of disturbance as a result of recreational activities.Hunting is also a threat. Some parts of the reservoir are subject tosedimentation.

Torrijos A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 199Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°00’N 4°15’WAltitude 450–579 m Area 28,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPlains to the north-west of Toledo dominated by non-irrigated arablecultivation.

Habitats Artificial landscape (100%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting


This is an important site for breeding steppic species.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Infrastructure (C)

Agricultural intensification, particularly through the use of irrigationis a major threat. Two new reservoirs and irrigation channels are underconstruction.

Malpica island A4i, B1i, C3, C6 200(River Tagus)Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°55’N 4°34’WAltitude 390–390 m Area 4 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small island in the River Tajo dominated by Tamarix and Populusriverine forest.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (*; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Not utilized (100%)


This is a very important site for breeding herons.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High4 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Río Tajo enCastrejon, Islasde Malpica del Tajo y Azután, 1,960 ha).


Threats Natural events (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from disturbance from tourists and from seasonalfluctuations in water-levels.

Rosarito and Navalcán A4i, B1i, B2, 201reservoirs–La Iglesuela C2, C3, C6(Tiétar valley)Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°10’N 5°00’WAltitude 300–764 m Area 70,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a river and two reservoirs surrounded by largeexpanses of dehesa and scrub. There is some arable cultivation andsheep-grazed grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub(sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland, Wetland (*; standing fresh water),Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)


Nycticorax nycticorax R 1995 43 43 A C6Night Heron

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1995 1,416 1,416 A A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1995 39 39 A C6

594



Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1994 40 — C C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1992 20 — C C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1992 60 — A A1, B2, C1, C6

1,2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1994 1,200 — A A1, B2, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1994 24 50 A A1, C1



Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 4 4 A B1i, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1994 100 100 B B1i, C2Aegypius monachus R 1995 126 126 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 10 12 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1992 20 20 B B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 35 — B B2, C6Oenanthe hispanica B 1996 Abundant — A3

Black-eared WheatearSylvia conspicillata R 1996 Common — A3

Spectacled WarblerSylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler B 1996 Common — A3Sylvia melanocephala R 1996 Abundant — A3

Sardinian Warbler

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 1993 400 1,500 B B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 2 4 A B1i, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork N 1996 41 100 B B1i, C2

2 Aquila adalberti R 1996 1 1 A B2, C6Spanish Imperial Eagle

Grus grus Crane W 1996 1,000 5,244 A A4i, B1i, C2

1. Ph. c. sinensis.2. Large decrease.

Land-use Agriculture (75%), Hunting (*), Water management (*)


This is an important site for resident raptors and wintering waterbirds,particularly Grus grus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial36,620 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Valle del Tiétar–Embalses de Rosarito y Navalcán, 53,167 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Disturbance to birds (A), Other (A)

The site is threatened by a massive dam project. Disturbance affectsGrus grus around the Rosarito reservoir. The use of poisoned baits isa threat to Aquila adalberti.

Oropesa plains A1, B2, C1, C6 202Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 40°00’N 5°10’WAltitude 350–400 m Area 45,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains in the Tajo valley dominated by grassland and cerealcultivation with areas of dehesa.

Habitats Forest and woodland (45%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland (*),Artificial landscape (50%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for steppic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial9,780 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Llanuras deOropesa, Lagartera y Calera y Chozas, 14,948 ha).



The main threat is from agricultural intensification, particularly inassociation with irrigation.

Azután reservoir A4i, B1i, B2, C3, C6 203Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°50’N 5°10’WAltitude 354–360 m Area 933 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir with steep banks and some partially flooded islets withriverine vegetation.

Habitats Wetland (100%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Water management (100%)


This is an important site for breeding herons.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial933 ha of IBA covered by Wild Fauna Reserve (Embalse de Azután,1,250 ha). 620 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (RíoTajo en Castrejón, Islas de Malpica del Tajo y Azután, 1,960 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (A), Filling-in ofwetlands (B)

The main threats are from ploughing of land on the islands forcrops, dumping of material in the wetland, fires and illegal hunting.

Toledo mountains– A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, 204Cabañeros C1, C2, C6Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°30’N 4°20’WAltitude 600–1,447 m Area 324,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionIn the mountains the vegetation comprises large expanses ofsclerophyllous scrub, areas of dense maquis, and small Quercuswoodlands. In the plains there are extensive dehesas andgrasslands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland, Wetland(river/stream), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Nature conservation/research (*)


Breeding birds include four of the 20 species in Europe that arerestricted to the Mediterranean biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial40,000 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Cabañeros, 40,000 ha).117,191 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Cabañeros,117,191 ha).


Threats Other (A)


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1995 217 — A B2, C61 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1995 3,026 — — A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1995 229 229 A C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1995 23 — A C6

1. Large increase.

595



Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1995 269 300 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,C1, C2, C6

1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 300 — A A1, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 100 — A A1, C1

1. Males.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 8 — C B1i, C2, C6Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 80 — B C6Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1992 5 — C C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 20 — A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1996 6 — A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 10 13 A B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 10 13 A B2, C2, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 100 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork R 1992 7 9 B B1i, C2, C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 25 35 A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1996 8 8 A A1, B2, C1, C6



Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1994 25 25 A C6Aegypius monachus R 1992 60 60 B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinerous Vulture C1, C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 3 3 A A1, B2, C1, C6


The main threats are from road and track improvements, the use ofpoison baits and the use of metal fences, all as part of hunting activities(‘Other’ threats).

Canalizos mountain range A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, 205(Saceruela) C1, C2, C6Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°50’N 4°30’WAltitude 550–884 m Area 100,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of dehesa, scrub and Quercus woodland. The main humanactivity is livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland, Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


The site is important for breeding raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial23,545 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra de losCanalizos, 24,135 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B)

The main threat is from afforestation.

Campo de Calatrava A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 206Admin region Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°50’N 4°33’WAltitude 638–996 m Area 102,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn undulating area with scrub surrounded by intensive cerealcultivation, olive-groves and vineyards.

Habitats Scrub (40%), Artificial landscape (60%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important site for steppic species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Low6,545 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Campo deCalatrava, 6,545 ha).


Threats Other (B)

The restoration of old buildings, therefore destroying nesting sites forFalco naumanni, is the most important threat (‘Other’ threats, above).

Alcudia valley A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 207and mountain rangeAdmin region Andalucía, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°40’N 4°30’WAltitude 400–1,323 m Area 226,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site consists of a wide valley dominated by pastures, some dehesasand a mountainous area with cliffs, scrub and maquis. Humanactivities include agriculture, livestock-grazing, lead mining and gamehunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (*; scrub; heathland; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*; drysiliceous grassland), Wetland (river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves;forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for upland birds, particularly raptors, andsteppic species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial68,528 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Umbría delValle de Alcudia, 97,528 ha). 5,122 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Sierras de Almadén–Chillôn–Guadalmez, 5,122 ha).



The main threats are from agricultural intensification and overgrazing.

Madrona and Andújar A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, 208mountain ranges C1, C2, C6Admin region Andalucía, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°20’N 4°00’WAltitude 350–1,300 m Area 212,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the Sierra Morena. The vegetation comprisesMediterranean scrub, dehesas, Pinus plantations and small areas ofcultivation. The main human activities are livestock-farming, gamehunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (*; arable land; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation


596



Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1992 20 — C B2Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1992 10 — C B2, C6


Aquila adalberti R 1995 4 5 B A1, B2, C1, C6Spanish Imperial Eagle



1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 190 200 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 15 20 A B2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 50 — B B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 40 — B B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 25 — B B2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 200 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 70 80 A A1, B2, C1Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 220 — C B2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1996 50 — C C6


This is an important area for breeding raptors

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial1,500 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Despeñaperros, 6,000 ha).65,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Andujar,68,000 ha). 41,212 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra deCardeña y Montoro, 41,212 ha). 27,700 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Sierra Morena, 97,528 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Firewoodcollection (B), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainableexploitation (A)

Threats include forestry, particularly the use of plantations and damand road projects. Tourism is a potential threat. A management planhas been officially approved for the Sierra de Andujar Natural Park.Aquila adalberti is monitored.

Aldeaquemada–Dañador A1, B2, C1, C6 209Admin region Andalucía, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°25’N 3°10’WAltitude 600–1,001 m Area 46,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with Quercus woodland, dehesas, and extensiveareas of scrub. The main human activities are game hunting, livestock-grazing, apiculture and cork harvesting (‘Other’ land-use, below).

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (highly improved reseededgrassland; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Other


This is an important site for breeding raptors, particularly Aquilaadalberti. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aegypius monachus (2 resident pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None534 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Cascada de Cimbarra,534 ha). 4,045 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (RíoGuadalén, 4,045 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Other (B),Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from the use of pesticides, hunting, includingthe use of poison, and forestry plantations.

Cazorla and Segura A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 210mountain rangesAdmin region Andalucía, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 38°00’N 2°40’WAltitude 450–2,383 m Area 250,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionMountains with cliffs, extensive Pinus forests, small Quercuswoodlands, grasslands and extensive areas of scrub. The main human

activities are game hunting, forestry, sheep-grazing, apiculture (‘Other’land-use, below) and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (65%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (35%; scrub;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (humid grassland; mesophile grassland),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff;caves), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (50%), Nature conservation/research (80%), Other, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport, Water management



■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial76,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Sierras deCazorla y Segura, 76,000 ha). 214,300 ha of IBA covered by NaturalPark (Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas, 214,300 ha). 12,000 haof IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Castril, 12,265 ha).214,300 ha of IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (Sierras de Cazorla,Segura y las Villas, 214,300 ha). 214,300 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas, 214,300 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Groundwater abstraction (C),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from the large numbers of tourists visiting thearea and infrastructure developments in the Guadalquivir valley. Thesite has a management plan. Conservation activities have includedthe reintroduction of Gypaetus barbatus. This is one of the largestprotected areas in Europe.

Puebla de Don Fadrique– A1, B2, C1, C6 211Las CañadasAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°50’N 2°20’WAltitude 970–1,467 m Area 52,140 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA high plateau with extensive cereal cultivation and areas of matweedStipa tenacissima and sclerophyllous scrub. There are some smallQuercus and Pinus woodlands. The main human activities are arablecultivation and livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape(*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


This is an important area for steppe birds. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (resident).


597


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCircaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1993 21 22 A B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1993 10 12 A B2Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle R 1993 50 50 A B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1993 13 17 A B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1993 15 15 A C6


Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 150 — C C6Pterocles orientalis R 1995 150 — B B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseCoracias garrulus Roller B 1995 40 — C B2Melanocorypha calandra Calandra Lark R 1995 Abundant — B2, C6Calandrella brachydactyla B 1995 Common — B2

Short-toed LarkOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1995 300 — B B2, C2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 100 — B B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 7 7 A B2Pterocles orientalis R 1992 30 — B C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1996 50 50 A C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 50 — C B2Bucanetes githagineus R 1996 100 — C B2, C2, C6

Trumpeter Finch

1. Large decrease.



The most important threat is agricultural intensification, particularlythe use of plastic covered crops in the foraging areas of Falco naumanni,and also overgrazing.

María mountain range–Los Vélez B2, C6 212Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°02’N 2°05’WAltitude 700–2,045 m Area 82,880 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionMountains dominated by Pinus and Quercus forests and Pinusplantations, with Juniperus scrub at higher altitudes. The main humanactivities are agriculture and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None18,962 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Maria–Los Vélez,18,962 ha).


Threats Afforestation (C), Forest grazing (B), Infrastructure (B)

The main threats are from overgrazing and infrastructure developments.A management plan exists for the Natural Park.

Hoya de Baza B2, C2, C6 213Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°35’N 2°41’WAltitude 700–1,443 m Area 38,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA semi-arid area mostly covered by cereal cultivation, interspersed withscrub. The main human activities are arable cultivation and hunting.

Habitats Desert (semi-desert), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; arableland; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research


This is an important area for steppic species and passerinescharacteristic of semi-arid agricultural sites, particularly Calandrellarufescens. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (resident).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threat is from agricultural intensification and expansionand illegal hunting.

Hoya de Guadix B2, C2, C6 214Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°25’N 3°10’WAltitude 650–1,100 m Area 47,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA semi-arid area with non-irrigated cereal crops, open Quercuswoodland and extensive areas of low scrub and dry grasslands.

Habitats Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff; caves),Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Hunting (*)


An important area for steppic species and passerines characteristic ofsemi-arid agricultural sites. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (100 resident individuals).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Natural events (B), Other (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from illegal hunting and poisoning, overgrazing,drought and erosion

Alhamilla mountain range– B2, C2, C6 215Campo de Níjar plainAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°00’N 2°20’WAltitude 0–1,387 m Area 80,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with deep gullies and plains. The vegetationcomprises small Quercus woodlands in the highest zones; otherwisescrub and bare, stony ground. Some areas have been afforested withPinus plantations.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub), Desert(*; semi-desert), Rocky areas (inland cliff; caves), Artificial landscape (forestryplantation; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Military



Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 150 — C C6Coracias garrulus Roller B 1996 40 — C B2Chersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1990 20 20 B C6Melanocorypha calandra R 1996 Abundant — C6

Calandra LarkCalandrella rufescens R 1996 Abundant — B2

Lesser Short-toed LarkOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 200 — C B2, C2

598



Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 Common — C61 Bucanetes githagineus R 1996 20 — C B2, C6

Trumpeter Finch

1. Large decrease.


Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 8 12 B B2, C2, C6

This is an important site for steppic birds, particularly Bucanetesgithagineus, and for resident raptors in the mountains. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax(breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial2,375 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Karst de Yesos deSorbas, 2,375 ha). 8,500 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape(Sierra Alhamilla, 8,500 ha). 8,500 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Sierra Alhamilla, 8,500 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Deforestation (commercial) (B),Disturbance to birds (A), Dredging/canalization (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from agricultural intensification, illegal huntingand disturbance from military manoeuvres.

Mountain range and A1, A3, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, 216saltpans at Cabo de Gata C1, C2, C6Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°50’N 2°05’WAltitude 0–478 m Area 46,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes coastal mountains with dry vegetation and an areaof saltpans, that supports steppe vegetation. The main human activitiesare arable and livestock-farming, salt production and tourism.

Habitats Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (*; steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach;standing brackish and salt water), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets;scree/boulders; inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Fisheries/aquaculture, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial38,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Cabo de Gata–Nijar,38,000 ha). 300 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Salinas del Cabode Gata, 300 ha). 30,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Cabo de Gata–Níjar, 30,000 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (C), Groundwaterabstraction (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include sand extraction, building and tourism development.There are also problems caused by overgrazing and agricultural

intensification. The regional government has management plans forthe protected areas.

Tabernas desert B2, C6 217Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°05’N 2°30’WAltitude 260–952 m Area 25,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn arid depression between the Sierra de los Filabres and the SierraAlhamilla, with seasonal rivers and cliffs. There is sparse scrub andsteppic vegetation and much bare ground. The main human activitiesare tourism, hunting and film making.

Habitats Forest and woodland, Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (*; semi-desert), Artificial landscape (arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Hunting, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important area for steppic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial11,625 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Desierto deTabernas, 11,625 ha). 11,625 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Desierto de Tabernas, 11,625 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (C), Natural events (A), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (U)

Threats are from a new road, the use of poison baits, and erosion.

Gádor mountain range B2, C2, C6 218Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°53’N 2°45’WAltitude 300–2,236 m Area 57,210 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the Sistema Bético. It is mostly covered byscrub and relict Quercus woods. Some areas have been afforested withPinus. Human activities include the grazing of cattle and the collectionof aromatic plants (‘Other’ land-use, below).

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wetforest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Rockyareas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting, Other





Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (U), Natural events (C)

The main threats are from the intensification of cattle-farming, erosionand desertification, and the erection of wind-farms.


Phoenicopterus ruber N 1996 982 — A A4i, B1i, C2Greater Flamingo

Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 5 6 A B2Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1993 17 20 A B2, C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet R 1996 193 193 A B3, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull N 1996 350 — A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 35 35 A B2, C2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1996 Abundant — C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseBubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1993 20 20 A C6Caprimulgus ruficollis B 1996 Common — A3

Red-necked NightjarChersophilus duponti Dupont’s Lark R 1996 130 — B B2, C6Oenanthe hispanica B 1996 Abundant — A3

Black-eared WheatearOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 Abundant — A3Sylvia conspicillata R 1996 Abundant — A3

Spectacled WarblerBucanetes githagineus R 1996 50 — C B2, C2, C6

Trumpeter Finch

599



Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1995 6 — A C61 Phoenicopterus ruber N 1995 1,200 — A A4i, B1i, C2

Greater FlamingoMarmaronetta angustirostris R 1995 1 1 A B2

Marbled DuckOxyura leucocephala R 1996 61 61 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

White-headed Duck C1, C2, C6Oxyura leucocephala N 1995 561 — A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

White-headed DuckHimantopus himantopus B 1995 208 208 A B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltCharadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover R 1995 126 126 A B2Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover N 1995 800 — B B1i, C3Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull N 1995 2,000 — A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1995 36 36 A B2, C2, C6

1. Large decrease.


Calonectris diomedea B 1996 1,000 — C B1ii, B2, C2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1997 2,698 2,698 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,C1, C2, C6

Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1997 3,500 3,500 A A4i, B1i, C3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1996 160 160 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6

1. Large increase.

Wetlands of A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 219western AlmeríaAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°40’N 2°40’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 3,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of five wetlands south-west of the city of Almería. The siteincludes a coastal strip 15 km long, to the south of Roquetas del Mar,with a sand beach, sand-dunes and large seasonal lagoons with sparsehalophytic vegetation and reedbeds (Phragmites). Saltpans occupy450 ha.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Wetland (100%; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastallagoon; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Tourism/recreation, Agriculture


This is an important site for breeding, passage and winteringwaterbirds. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Marmaronetta angustirostris (9 wintering individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High65 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Albufera de Adra, 65 ha).785 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Punta Entinas–Sabinar,785 ha). 1,960 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (PuntaEntinas–Sabinar, 1,960 ha). 65 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site(Albuferas de Adra, 65 ha). 2,745 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Punta Entinas–Sabinar, 2,745 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (A), Drainage (A), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Groundwater abstraction (A),Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The major threats include huge numbers of tourists, over-exploitationof groundwater, drainage, infilling of wetland areas, urbandevelopment and agricultural intensification. Oxyura jamaicensis isregularly recorded and threatens Oxyura leucocephala.

Chafarinas A1, A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, 220Islands C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region MelillaCoordinates 35°11’N 2°26’WAltitude 0–137 m Area 50 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThree small islands close to the north-east coast of Morocco,dominated by scrub. The central island is occupied by a small armydetachment, the other two are uninhabited.

Habitats Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Military (30%), Nature conservation/research (100%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds, including the world’ssecond largest Larus audouinii colony.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High50 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Islas Chafarinas,50 ha). 50 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (IslasChafarinas, 50 ha).


Threats Other (A)

Larus cachinnans predate the eggs and chicks of L. audouinii (‘Other’threats, above). Conservation research is carried out by institutes anduniversities.

Alborán island A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 221Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 35°57’N 3°02’WAltitude 0–19 m Area 7 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small volcanic island with cliffs and two beaches.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (30%), Military (70%)


An important area for breeding seabirds and migrating passerines.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Disturbance to birds (A), Infrastructure (A)

The main threat is disturbance, particularly from military activities.The island is surrounded by a Marine Reserve (429 ha).

Sierra Nevada B2, C2, C6 222mountain rangeAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°05’N 3°10’WAltitude 350–3,481 m Area 245,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range dominated by scrub and grassland. There are alsoPinus plantations, some native Pinus forest and broadleaved deciduousforest. The main human activities are livestock-farming, game huntingand recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub(*; scrub), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland; dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*), Nature conservation/research (*),Tourism/recreation

600



Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 15 20 A B2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1995 20 25 C B2Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1995 7 10 A B2

Bonnelli’s EagleOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1995 300 — C B2, C2Monticola solitarius R 1995 150 — C B2

Blue Rock ThrushPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1995 150 — B B2, C6


Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 10 15 B C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 10 15 A B2Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 20 — B B2Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 11 14 A B2, C2, C6

Bonnelli’s EagleFalco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 12 16 B B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 25 — B B2, C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 300 — B B2, C2Monticola solitarius R 1996 200 — B B2

Blue Rock ThrushPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 6 8 B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 300 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Large decrease.


This is an important area for breeding raptors and species characteristicof Mediterranean habitats.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial35,430 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Sierra Nevada,35,430 ha). 171,646 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (SierraNevada, 171,646 ha). 171,646 ha of IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve(Sierra Nevada, 171,646 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from overgrazing and development associatedwith tourism. There has been a management plan since 1994.

Prelittoral mountain ranges B2, C2, C6 223of GranadaAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°50’N 3°40’WAltitude 800–2,065 m Area 125,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range along the Mediterranean coast of the provincesof Granada and Malaga. The vegetation comprises sclerophyllousscrub, dry grassland, Pinus plantations and patches of Quercuswoodland. The main human activities are hunting and livestock-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland; drysiliceous grassland), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important area for breeding raptors, particularly Hieraaetusfasciatus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None395 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Acantilados de Maro–Cerro Gordo, 395 ha).



The main threat is from disturbance from visitors, particularly ofHieraaetus fasciatus.

Mouth of the A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C6 224River GuadalhorceAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°37’N 4°27’WAltitude 0–5 m Area 125 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn alluvial plain with artificial salt and freshwater lagoons, a sandbeach, reedbeds (Phragmites) and Tamarix scrub. Inland the site ismainly covered by irrigated crops and riverine forest.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (5%; scrub),Grassland (10%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland (25%; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon; standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (55%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (55%)


This is an important passage site for seabirds and other waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None67 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Desembocadura delGuadalhorce, 67 ha).


Threats Dredging/canalization (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Canalization of the river, alteration of the river course, disturbancefrom visitors and illegal hunting are all threats.

Antequera mountain range– B2, C2, C6 225El ChorroAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°55’N 4°35’WAltitude 275–1,637 m Area 23,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA low mountain range to the north of Málaga. The IBA has beenlargely deforested, with some patches of Quercus and Pinus woodland.The slopes are heavily cultivated with perennial crops. Remaining areasare dominated by scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inlandcliff), Artificial landscape (*)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation



■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Low2,016 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Desfiladero de losGaitanes, 2,016 ha). 1,171 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape(Torcal de Antequera, 1,171 ha). 1,710 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Torcal de Antequera, 1,710 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issuesThe main threats are from the high hunting pressure and the use ofpoison (‘Other’ threats, below), powerlines and tourism development.


Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 6 6 A C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1997 20 — B B1i, C2Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1996 227 412 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

601


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 10 10 A B2, C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 150 — B B2

1. Large increase.


Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 25 25 A B2, C2, C6Oenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 40 — B B2Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 100 — B B2


Milvus migrans Black Kite N 1996 — 2,000 B B1iii, C2Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 3 3 A C6Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1996 30 50 B B2, C2, C6

1 Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet W 1996 — 300 A B2

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 60 — A C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 100 150 A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6Melanocorypha calandra B 1996 Abundant — C6

Calandra Lark

1. Large decrease.

Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Infrastructure (A),Other (U), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Mountain ranges of Córdoba B2, C6 226Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°25’N 4°20’WAltitude 400–1,570 m Area 63,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with many cliffs. The slopes are covered withMediterranean scrub, some Quercus woodland, arable crops and olive-groves.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (30%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland; alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (40%; highly improved reseededgrassland; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (15%), Hunting (95%)


This is an important area for resident raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None31,568 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierras Subbeticas deCórdoba, 31,568 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Dredging/canalization (B), Extractionindustry (B), Groundwater abstraction (C), Infrastructure (B), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from the enlargement of olive-groves,overgrazing, the high hunting pressure and use of poison, uncontrolledtourism, and disturbance from climbers. A management plan exists.

Mountain ranges south of Jaén B2, C2, C6 227Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°30’N 3°50’WAltitude 600–1,872 m Area 200,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area dominated by maquis, Quercus forest and olive-groves. The main human activities are livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas(scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*)


This is an important area for breeding raptors, particularly Hieraaetusfasciatus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Falco naumanni (18–21 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None710 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra Mágina, 19,900 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Intensified forestmanagement (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

There are many threats to the site including disturbance from visitors,intensive forest management, and overgrazing.

Middle section of B1iii, B2, C2, C6 228River Guadalquivir reservoirsAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°55’N 3°21’WAltitude 320–361 m Area 663 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of three shallow reservoirs with abundant emergent vegetationand reedbeds (Phragmites). An area of riverine forest remains. Thesurrounds are dominated by arable cultivation and olive-groves.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (*; standing freshwater; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Urban/industrial/transport (*), Water management


This is an important site for breeding, passage and winteringwaterbirds, particularly breeding Porphyrio porphyrio, and also fornon-breeding Milvus migrans. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Oxyura leucocephala (3–5 passageindividuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None663 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Alto Guadalquivir,663 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Natural events (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

The main threats are from sedimentation and the possible constructionof a larger dam which would destroy the area.

Jaén countryside A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 229Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 38°20’N 3°30’WAltitude 300–550 m Area 35,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of cereal crops and olive-groves.

Habitats Grassland (15%; dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (10%; river/stream),Artificial landscape (75%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (75%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax(resident) and Otis tarda (breeding).

602



Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 15 20 B C6Porphyrio porphyrio R 1996 10 15 B C6

Purple Gallinule


Oxyura leucocephala R 1996 5 7 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,White-headed Duck C2, C6


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1994 41 41 A C61 Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 50 100 B B3, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 240 260 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C61 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 500 — B A1, B2, C1, C61 Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 30 — B C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 220 — B B2, C6Merops apiaster Bee-eater B 1996 500 — B B2Coracias garrulus Roller B 1996 100 — B B2, C2

1. Large decrease.


Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1992 60 — C A1, B2, C1Grus grus Crane W 1992 — 1,200 B B1i, C2



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Groundwater abstraction (B),Infrastructure (A), Natural events (A)

The main threats are from the conversion of cereal crops to olive-groves, which led to the extinction of Otis tarda from the site,infrastructure development and drought.

Marmolejo reservoir– C6 230La RoperaAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 38°02’N 4°07’WAltitude 190–210 m Area 675 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir with abundant emergent vegetation, including reedbeds(Phragmites). The surrounding area is used for arable cultivation andcattle-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (80%; standingfresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (15%; arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Hunting (40%), Water management (60%)


This is an important site for breeding Porphyrio porphyrio.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Drainage (A), Natural events (A)

Agricultural intensification and sedimentation are the main threats.

Conde, Chinche and A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 231Honda lakesAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°35’N 4°12’WAltitude 450–450 m Area 420 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThree small brackish lakes along the River Guadajoz. They aresurrounded by a belt of Tamarix scrub and reedbed (Phragmites).

Habitats Wetland (100%; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Agriculture


This is an important site for breeding waterbirds, particularly Oxyuraleucocephala.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial65 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna Honda, 65 ha). 7 haof IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna del Chinche, 7 ha). 11 haof IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna el Conde, 11 ha). 89 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Lagunas del Sur de Côrdoba,1,107 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Disturbance to birds (B), Drainage (A)

The lakes are threatened by sedimentation as a result of ploughing ofsurrounding land. Disturbance is caused by hunters and visitors.

Córdoba countryside A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, 232Admin region Andalucía C1, C2, C6Coordinates 37°50’N 4°33’WAltitude 180–572 m Area 116,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of cereal crops and olive-groves in the Gaudajoz river valley.The site includes lakes and also some urban areas.

Habitats Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (90%; highly improved reseeded grassland;arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (98%), Hunting (90%), Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for steppic species and riverine forest species.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The main threats are from high levels of pesticide use, the enlargementof olive-groves, plans to irrigate crops, sedimentation of lakes andploughing of natural vegetation.

Hinojosa del Duque–El Viso A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2 233Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 38°30’N 5°10’WAltitude 500–630 m Area 30,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn undulating area with dehesas, olive-groves, grasslands and cerealfields. The area is used for sheep-grazing and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (*), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


An important wintering site for Grus grus. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (resident).



603



Grus grus Crane W 1992 3,200 — B A4i, B1i, C2Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1992 20 — B C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 2 4 B B1i, C2Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 125 — B B1iii, B2, C2, C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 55 — B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1997 3 4 A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 8 10 B C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 6 7 B B2Caprimulgus ruficollis B 1996 Abundant — A3

Red-necked NightjarOenanthe hispanica B 1996 Frequent — A3

Black-eared WheatearOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 Frequent — A3Sylvia conspicillata R 1996 Abundant — A3

Spectacled WarblerSylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler B 1996 Abundant — A3Sylvia melanocephala R 1996 Abundant — A3

Sardinian WarblerSturnus unicolor Spotless Starling R 1996 Abundant — A3


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 7 8 A B1i, C2, C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 5 — B A1, C1

Cinereous VultureCircaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1992 12 — B C6Aquila adalberti R 1994 4 4 A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1996 10 20 B B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1996 5 — B B2

Los Blázquez–La Granjuela– A4i, B1i, C2, C6 234FuenteovejunaAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 38°20’N 5°20’WAltitude 550–781 m Area 32,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn undulating area covered by grasslands, dehesas, olive-groves andcereal cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (*), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important wintering site for Grus grus.



Threats Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from hunting and the logging of Quercus treesfrom the dehesas.

Sierra Morena A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, 235de Córdoba C1, C2, C6Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°56’N 5°14’WAltitude 190–722 m Area 119,715 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA range of hills with Mediterranean scrub, dehesas and a few olive-groves. The main human activities are livestock-grazing and gamehunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (30%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceousgrassland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting (90%), Tourism/recreation


Breeding birds include seven of the 20 species in Europe that arerestricted to the Mediterranean biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial

67,202 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Hornachuelos,67,202 ha). 67,202 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Sierra de Hornachuelos, 67,202 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Forest grazing (A),Infrastructure (B), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from two planned dam projects, overgrazing inforest areas, and plantations of non-native trees.

Sierra Morena de Sevilla A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 236Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°50’N 6°00’WAltitude 260–968 m Area 164,840 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rugged mountainous area to the north of Sevilla, with steep-sidedvalleys. Vegetation comprises Mediterranean scrub, grassland, Quercuswoodland and dehesas. The main human activities are livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*)


This is an important site for raptors and passerines characteristic ofMediterranean habitats. Species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanni (20 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High164,840 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra Norte de Sevilla,164,840 ha). 164,840 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Sierra Norte de Sevilla, 164,840 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Recreation/tourism (A), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from tourism and a large dam project. Amanagement plan was officially approved in 1994.

Carmona countryside A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, 237Admin region Andalucía C1, C2, C6Coordinates 37°15’N 5°40’WAltitude 75–254 m Area 18,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of the Guadalquivir valley with extensive cereal cultivation,sunflower fields and olive-groves.

Habitats Artificial landscape (100%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; otherurban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (60%), Urban/industrial/transport

■■■■■ BirdsAn important area for steppic species. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax (resident).

604



Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 409 — B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,C1, C2, C6

Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 — 22 B C6


Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 306 306 B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,C1, C2, C6

Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 — 50 B A1, C1, C6


Oxyura leucocephala B 1996 7 45 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,White-headed Duck C2, C6


Oxyura leucocephala W 1997 40 100 A A1, B1i, C1, C2White-headed Duck

Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1992 10 — B C6


Phoenicopterus ruber B 1996 2,000 16,500 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Greater Flamingo

Phoenicopterus ruber W 1994 3,549 — B A4i, B1i, C2Greater Flamingo

Oxyura leucocephala B 1996 2 5 B A1, B1i, B2, C1,White-headed Duck C2, C6

Grus grus Crane W 1996 500 2,140 A A4i, B1i, C2Charadrius alexandrinus R 1996 100 — B B2

Kentish PloverLarus fuscus W 1994 4,629 16,000 B A4i, B1i, C3

Lesser Black-backed GullGelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1992 400 676 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Drainage (A), Dredging/canalization (B), Groundwater abstraction (A), Natural events (B)

The main threats are the intensification of agriculture, the over-exploitation of water resources, and drought.

Écija–Osuna plain A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 238Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°25’N 5°10’WAltitude 50–307 m Area 62,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plain, dominated by cereal cultivation, in the Guadalquivir valley.There are patches of dehesa, olive-groves and a complex of saline lakes.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Wetland (standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (75%), Hunting (70%)


This is an important area for steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Oxyuraleucocephala (non-breeding) and Tetrax tetrax (20 resident pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None66 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Complejo Endorreico dela Lantejuela, 66 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Groundwater abstraction (A), Naturalevents (B)

The main threats are agricultural intensification, over-exploitation ofwater resources and drought.

Wetlands at south Córdoba A1, B1i, B2, 239Admin region Andalucía C1, C2, C6Coordinates 37°25’N 4°45’WAltitude 190–430 m Area 3,054 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA complex of brackish lagoons and two small reservoirs, generallywith wide belts of emergent vegetation. They are surrounded by olive-groves and cereal cultivation.

Habitats Wetland (80%; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation),Artificial landscape (20%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Nature conservation/research (*)


This is an important area for breeding and wintering waterbirds,particularly Oxyura leucocephala.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial1,460 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Embalse deCordobilla, 1,460 ha). 512 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape(Embalse de Malpasillo, 512 ha). 13 ha of IBA covered by NaturalReserve (Laguna Amarga, 13 ha). 21 ha of IBA covered by NaturalReserve (Laguna de Tiscar, 21 ha). 66 ha of IBA covered by NaturalReserve (Laguna de Zóñar, 66 ha). 5 ha of IBA covered by NaturalReserve (Laguna de los Jarales, 5 ha). 7 ha of IBA covered by NaturalReserve (Laguna del Rincón, 7 ha). 86 ha of IBA covered by RamsarSite (Lagunas del sur de Córdoba (Zóñar, Rincón y Amarga, 86 ha).1,972 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Embalses de Cordobillo yMelpasillo, 1.972 ha). 1,018 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Lagunas del Sur de Córdoba, 1,107 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (A), Groundwater abstraction (U)

The main threats are the presence of Oxyura jamaicensis and over-abstraction of water for agriculture. Monitoring of O. leucocephala andcontrol of O. jamaicensis is undertaken by the regional government.

Fuente de Piedra, A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 240Gosque and Campillos lakes C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°10’N 4°45’WAltitude 400–550 m Area 10,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wetland complex comprising a group of shallow, seasonal, brackishlakes, surrounded by cultivation.

Habitats Wetland (15%; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation),Artificial landscape (85%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (85%), Hunting (85%), Nature conservation/research (15%)


This is an important site for breeding and wintering waterbirds. It isthe only regular breeding area for Phoenicopterus ruber in Spain.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Tetrax tetrax (83 wintering individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial1,554 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna de Fuentepiedra,1,554 ha). 80 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna deCampillos, 80 ha). 23 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Lagunade la Ratosa, 23 ha). 28 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Lagunadel Gosque, 28 ha). 1,554 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Lagunade Fuente de Piedra, 1,554 ha). 1,364 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Laguna de Fuentepiedra, 1,364 ha).

605



Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1995 20 — C B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1995 6 6 B B2

Bonnelli’s Eagle

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 230 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Neophron percnopterus B 1995 13 — A B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 320 320 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 12 — A B2, C2, C6

Bonnelli’s Eagle

1. Large increase.


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (B), Drainage (B),Filling-in of wetlands (B), Groundwater abstraction (B)

Threats include the expansion of olive cultivation, sedimentation inthe lakes, burning of the reedbeds, drainage and over-extraction ofgroundwater and infilling with rubbish. A management plan is beingproduced.

Mountain ranges of Ronda, B2, C6 241Bermeja and CrestellinaAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°35’N 5°06’WAltitude 335–1,919 m Area 105,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA limestone massif with large areas of exposed rock. The vegetationcomprises alpine pastures, scrub, maquis and Quercus, Pinus and Abiesforest. The main human activities are livestock-farming, hunting andtourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (*; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Rocky areas (*; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


This is an important area for breeding raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None1,000 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Serrania deRonda, 21,982 ha). 18,530 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierrade las Nieves, 18,530 ha). 5,316 ha of IBA covered by NaturalLandscape (Los Reales de Sierra Bermeja, 1,236 ha). 478 ha of IBAcovered by Natural Landscape (Sierra Crestellina, 478 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Forest grazing (B), Groundwater abstraction (B)

The main threats are from groundwater extraction, overgrazingpreventing regeneration in forested areas, and forest fires.

Líjar mountain range– A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 242Zaframagon cragAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°52’N 5°23’WAltitude 400–1,051 m Area 6,850 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with limestone cliffs. The vegetation comprisesscrub, grassland and Quercus woodland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (*; scrub), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (river/stream;water-fringe vegetation), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (highly improvedreseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for breeding raptors, particularly Gyps fulvus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None311 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Peñón de Zaframagón,311 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from disturbance from visitors, particularly ofbreeding Gyps fulvus, and high hunting pressure. A management planis being prepared.

Ubrique and Grazalema A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6 243mountain rangesAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°40’N 5°25’WAltitude 180–1,654 m Area 90,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain massif with many high limestone cliffs. The vegetationcomprises scrub, grassland and Quercus and Abies forests. The mainhuman activities are livestock-farming, hunting and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (10%; scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%), Wetland (5%; standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas(20%; scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (20%; arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Forestry, Hunting (60%)


This is an important area for cliff-nesting raptors, particularly Gypsfulvus and Hieraaetus fasciatus. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (non-breeding) andFalco naumanni (7 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial51,695 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Grazalema,51,695 ha). 51,695 ha of IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (Sierrade Grazalema, 51,695 ha). 47,210 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Sierra de Grazalema, 47,210 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Other (A),Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are disturbance from tourists and recreationalactivities, and the use of poisoned baits (‘Other’ threats, above). Amanagement plan is being prepared by the regional government.

Cabras, Aljibe A1, A4iv, B1iii, B1iv, B2, 244and Montecoche C1, C2, C5, C6mountain rangeAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°25’N 5°35’WAltitude 100–1,091 m Area 133,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA range of hills to the east of Alcalá de los Gazules. The site includessome large Quercus woodlands and areas of scrub. The main humanactivities are livestock-farming, hunting and cork harvesting (‘Other’land-use, below).

606



Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 52 52 A C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 10 14 A B2, C6

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 94 94 A B1iii, B2, C2Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 34 — B B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 13 13 A B2, C2, C6

Bonnelli’s Eagle1 Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1994 62 69 A A1, B2, C1Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 22 25 A B2, C6Apus caffer White-rumped Swift B 1996 Common — C6

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaNeophron percnopterus B 1996 13 — A B2, C6

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1996 277 277 A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus R 1996 8 8 A B2

Bonnelli’s EagleBubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 20 — C C6Apus caffer White-rumped Swift B 1996 5 — C C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 2,000 — C A4i, B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork P 1995 40,000 120,000 C A4i, B1i, C2Neophron percnopterus P 1980 1,300 3,800 C A4ii, B1iii, C2

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture P 1980 700 1,000 C A4ii, B1iii, C2Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel P 1980 — 500 C A1, B1iii, C1, C2Charadrius alexandrinus R 1995 80 — A B2

Kentish PloverLarus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1995 500 — C A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (20%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland(20%; dry siliceous grassland), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Hunting (90%), Other (60%)


This is an important site for breeding raptors and passage migrants.It is also a major migratory bottleneck, where 20,000 storks and raptorsregularly pass. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High127,925 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Los Alcornocales,170,025 ha). 127,925 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Los Alcornocales, 170,025 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B),Groundwater abstraction (B), Infrastructure (B)

The main threats are a large dam project on the Hozgarganta river,and fires.

Bujeo, Ojén, del Niño A4ii, A4iv, B1iii, B1iv, 245and Blanquilla B2, C2, C5, C6mountain rangesAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°10’N 5°35’WAltitude 100–786 m Area 42,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA chain of limestone hills covered by Quercus woodland and scrub.The main human activities are livestock-farming and cork harvesting(‘Other’ land-use, below).

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis),Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Military, Other


The site is a major migratory bottleneck, where 20,000 storks andraptors regularly pass.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High42,100 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Los Alcornocales,170,025 ha). 42,100 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (LosAlcornocales, 170,025 ha).


Threats Deforestation (commercial) (A), Firewood collection (B), Infrastructure (A), Intensifiedforest management (C), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threat is from infrastructural developments, including a newroad and windmills for wind-power. There are additional problemsfrom illegal building and illegal hunting. There is a management planfor the Natural Park.

Tarifa A1, A4i, A4ii, A4iv, B1i, B1iii, B1iv, 246Admin region Andalucía B2, C1, C2, C5Coordinates 36°05’N 5°35’WAltitude 0–178 m Area 5,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA coastal area around Tarifa bordering the Strait of Gibraltar. Thesite includes plains and low hills covered by Mediterranean scrub andgrassland. The main human activities are arable cultivation, livestock-farming, tourism, and military use.

Habitats Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (mudflat/sandflat;sand-dunes/sand beach; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape(arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Military, Tourism/recreation


The site is a major migratory bottleneck, where more than 20,000storks and raptors regularly pass, including (figures are seasonal totals)Pernis apivorus (8,000–11,500 birds), Milvus migrans (45,000–60,000),Circaetus gallicus (4,000), Buteo buteo (3,000) and Hieraaetus pennatus(4,000).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None226 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Los Lances, 226 ha).


Threats Groundwater abstraction (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from new roads, illegal hunting, tourismdevelopment and the erection of windmills.

Ceuta A1, A4i, A4ii, A4iv, B1i, B1iii, B1iv, 247Admin region Ceuta C1, C2, C3, C5Coordinates 35°54’N 5°19’WAltitude 0–360 m Area 1,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe habitat of Ceuta peninsula is partially degraded with exoticEucalyptus and Pinus plantations. The city of Ceuta lies within the site.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (20%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (shingle/stony beach; river/stream),Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape (perennial crops/orchards/groves;forestry plantation; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Forestry (40%), Military (10%), Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport (35%)

■■■■■ BirdsThe site is a major migratory bottleneck, where more than 20,000storks and raptors regularly pass in spring and autumn, including

607



Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret W 1995 2,500 7,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret P 1995 15,700 — B A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 86 198 B A4i, B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork P 1995 — 9,000 B A4i, B1i, C2Neophron percnopterus P 1995 100 200 B B1iii, C2

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture P 1995 420 1,000 B A4ii, B1iii, C2Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel P 1995 30 80 B A1, C1Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull P 1995 400 — B A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Merops apiaster Bee-eater P 1995 7,000 28,000 B B1iii, C3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1996 400 700 A A4i, B1i, C3

1. Large decrease.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1,2Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 1995 — 1,188 A B1i, C3

Egretta garzetta Little Egret W 1995 — 1,094 A A4i, B1i, C2Phoenicopterus ruber N 1992 — 1,200 B A4i, B1i, C2

Greater FlamingoFulica cristata Crested Coot B 1987 — — — B2, C2, C6Himantopus himantopus B 1992 2,000 — C A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged Stilt

(seasonal totals in brackets) Pernis apivorus (10,000–48,000 birds),Milvus migrans (10,000–20,000) and Circaetus gallicus (250–3,300).



Threats Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threat is the intense spring hunting of migratory birds.

De la Plata mountain range A4iv, B1iv, C5 248Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°05’N 5°45’WAltitude 20–459 m Area 3,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of hills with Mediterranean scrub, patches of Quercuswoodland and Eucalyptus plantations. The site includes a military baseand a residential area.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(90%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (60%), Military (100%), Urban/industrial/transport

■■■■■ BirdsThis is a very important site for passage migrants. The site is a majormigratory bottleneck, where more than 20,000 storks and raptorsregularly pass.



Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Infrastructure (A), Selective logging/cutting (B)

The main threats are from forestry operations, fires, and theconstruction of wind-farms.

Tajo de Barbate A4i, B1i, C3 249coastal cliffsAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°12’N 6°00’WAltitude 0–169 m Area 2,017 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes coastal cliffs and an inland plateau dominated by alarge Pinus forest, scrub and dry grassland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (scrub), Grassland (drysiliceous grassland), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Agriculture


An important site for breeding herons, particularly Bubulcus ibis.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None2,017 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Acantilado y Pinar deBarbate, 2,017 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Industrialization/urbanization (C)

Fire is the main threat.

La Janda A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, C2, C3, C5 250Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°15’N 5°51’WAltitude 20–112 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a large expanse of land devoted to agriculture andcattle ranching, with large drainage channels that retain some aquaticvegetation. Many areas flood in winter.

Habitats Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream),Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important site for migrant raptors and storks and foragingarea for dispersing juvenile raptors. It is also a major migratorybottleneck, where about 85,000 Ciconia ciconia pass regularly in spring.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Aquila adalberti (non-breeding), Tetrax tetrax (35 resident pairs) andOtis tarda (4 resident pairs).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Dredging/canalization (A),Groundwater abstraction (A), Infrastructure (A)

Continued drainage is the major threat.

Cádiz bay A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 251Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°35’N 6°20’WAltitude 0–20 m Area 12,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow bay with a wide intertidal zone and a large saltpan complex.There are rivers, small lagoons, artificial channels and halophyticscrub. The main human activities are aquaculture, shellfish collection,research and salt production.

Habitats Wetland (100%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh;coastal lagoon; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (80%), Nature conservation/research (100%), Urban/industrial/transport



Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1994 2,000 3,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Glareola pratincola B 1996 — 100 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2

Collared Pratincole

608


Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaHimantopus himantopus W 1991 436 436 A B1i, C2

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1992 1,000 — C A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet W 1991 — 1,399 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2Glareola pratincola B 1992 140 — C A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Collared PratincoleCharadrius alexandrinus B 1992 Abundant — B1i, B2, C3

Kentish Plover3 Charadrius alexandrinus W 1991 — 3,171 A A4i, B1i, C3

Kentish PloverCalidris alpina Dunlin W 1991 — 12,176 A B2Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit W 1991 — 373 A B2

3 Numenius arquata Curlew W 1991 — 465 A B23 Tringa totanus Redshank W 1991 — 1,630 A B1i, C32 Larus fuscus W 1991 — 5,543 A B1i, C3

Lesser Black-backed Gull2 Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull W 1991 — 3,610 A B1i, C3Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1995 30 — C C2

1. Ph. c. sinensis.2. Large increase.3. Large decrease.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaPhoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo N 1992 — 800 B A4i, B1i, C2Marmaronetta angustirostris N 1990 — 110 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

Marbled DuckOxyura leucocephala N 1997 104 — A B1i, C2

White-headed DuckAquila adalberti N 1994 7 — A A1, C1



Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1992 10 — B C6Fulica atra Coot W 1992 25,000 — B B1i, C3Fulica cristata Crested Coot R 1996 3 — B B2, C2, C6


Oxyura leucocephala N 1997 54 — A A1, B1i, C1, C2White-headed Duck

1 Fulica cristata Crested Coot R 1992 16 — B B2, C2, C6

1. Individuals.

This is a very important area for breeding, passage and winteringwaterbirds, particularly waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Low10,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Bahia de Cadiz, 10,000 ha).49 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Complejo endorreico deChiclana, 49 ha). 525 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Isla deTrocadero, 525 ha). 170 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape(Marismas de Sancti Petri, 170 ha). 49 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Lagunas de Chiclana: Laguna de Montellano y deJel, 49 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Drainage (C), Dredging/canalization (U), Filling-in of wetlands (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

There are a number of serious threats to the site. Aquaculture projectshave caused the dredging of lagoons and saltpans and the destructionof islands used by breeding species. Shellfish collection impacts onthe birds. The expansion of the Larus cachinnans colony (‘Other’threats, above) and the presence of feral cats and dogs are alsoimportant threats. Other threats include intensive poaching, tourismdevelopments and urban and industrial pollution.

Medina and A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 252Puerto Real lagoonsAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°37’N 6°03’WAltitude 20–117 m Area 4,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA complex of lagoons with fluctuating water-levels. Some become dryin summer. There are several areas of dense Tamarix, Juncus, Typhaand Phragmites-dominated vegetation. The marshland is surroundedby scrub, grassland and cereal cultivation.

Habitats Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (25%; dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (15%; standingbrackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (55%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (55%), Not utilized (10%), Tourism/recreation (5%)

■■■■■ BirdsAn important site for wintering and non-breeding wildfowl and alsofor dispersing Aquila adalberti.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Low104 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Complejo endorreico dePuerto Real, 104 ha). 121 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Laguna de Medina, 121 ha). 4 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve(Lagunas de las Canteras y El Tejón, 4 ha). 121 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Laguna de Medina, 121 ha). 300 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Lagunas de Puerto Real: Taraje,Comisario y San Anto, 300 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions(A), Groundwater abstraction (C), Infrastructure (C), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

The main threat is sedimentation as a result of agriculturalintensification. The presence of Oxyura jamaicensis is a threat toO. leucocephala population.

Terry lagoons A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 253Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°38’N 6°14’WAltitude 30–56 m Area 350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThree small lagoons to the north of Puerto de Santa María. They aresurrounded by irrigated crops and grassland.

Habitats Wetland (90%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%)


This is an important site for breeding and non-breeding waterbirds.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Marmaronetta angustirostris (non-breeding)

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial291 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Lagunas Salada, Juncosay Chica, 291 ha). 37 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (LagunaSalada, 37 ha). 63 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Lagunas de Terry: Salada, Juncosa y Chica, 63 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (B),Infrastructure (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from fires in the surrounding vegetation,collisions with powerlines, illegal hunting and increased sedimentationas a result of agricultural intensification. A management plan exists.

Bornos reservoir A4i, B1i, C2, C3, C6 254Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°45’N 5°34’WAltitude 100–150 m Area 2,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir on the River Guadalete surrounded by maquis, grasslandsand arable cultivation. At one end of the reservoir there is a largeexpanse of Tamarix.

609



Aquila adalberti N 1994 3 6 A A1, C1Spanish Imperial Eagle


Marmaronetta angustirostris W 1997 30 50 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Marbled Duck

Oxyura leucocephala W 1997 10 444 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2White-headed Duck

Fulica cristata Crested Coot N 1991 2 2 A C2


Marmaronetta angustirostris N 1996 75 — B A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2Marbled Duck

Oxyura leucocephala R 1996 10 — B A1, B1i, B2, C1,White-headed Duck C2, C6

Oxyura leucocephala N 1997 48 — A A1, B1i, C1, C2White-headed Duck

Aquila adalberti N 1994 5 10 A A1, C1Spanish Imperial Eagle

Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1992 10 — B C6Fulica cristata Crested Coot B 1991 9 — B B2, C2, C6

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (100%; standing freshwater; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Water management (100%)


This is an important site for breeding herons.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None630 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Cola del Embalse deBornos, 630 ha).



The main threat is from agricultural intensification which isleading to increased sedimentation and pesticide pollution of thewater.

Medina–Sidonia A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3, C6 255Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°37’N 5°55’WAltitude 75–750 m Area 22,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area dominated by sheep- and cattle-grazed dry grasslands andwheat cultivation. There are a few streams and ponds surrounded byTamarisk and Salix scrub.

Habitats Grassland (*; dry siliceous grassland), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


This is an important site for breeding herons and dispersing raptors,particularly juvenile Aquila adalberti.




The main threat is from agricultural intensification and expansion.

Confidential A1, C1 256Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates Coordinates withheldAltitude 150–165 m Area 2,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of dehesa used for livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (100%; broadleaved evergreen forest), GrasslandLand-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important site for dispersing juvenile raptors, particularlyAquila adalberti.



Threats Unsustainable exploitation (U)

No serious threats are known at the site.

Los Tollos lake A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2 257Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°52’N 6°00’WAltitude 60–60 m Area 100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn isolated endorreic lagoon with a fluctuating water-level. It issurrounded by Tamarix copses. Part of the lagoon is a gravel-pit.

Habitats Wetland (100%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Urban/industrial/transport (*)


This is an important site for wintering ducks, particularly Marmaronettaangustirostris and Oxyura leucocephala.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Extraction industry (A)

The most important threats are from gravel extraction and ploughingof fields around the lake. Hunting is forbidden.

Lebrija, Las Cabezas A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 258and Espera lagoonsAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 36°52’N 5°51’WAltitude 75–410 m Area 7,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA complex of with dense emergent vegetation. The surrounding areais dominated by arable agriculture and dehesas.

Habitats Scrub (sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*)



Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1996 40 50 B C6Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1996 2,000 2,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 150 150 B C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron R 1996 50 50 B C2, C6


Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1996 3,700 3,700 B A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 90 100 A C6Aquila adalberti N 1994 5 — A A1, C1


610


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron R 1996 50 — B C61 Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron R 1996 40 — B B2, C2, C61 Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 300 400 B A4i, B1i, C2, C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron R 1996 300 — B B2, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork W 1996 30 — — B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork R 1996 250 — B B2, C6

1 Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis R 1996 15 — A C61 Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill R 1996 1,100 — A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo R 1992 2,000 5,000 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo W 1996 5,000 — B A4i, B1i, C2Anser anser Greylag Goose W 1995 45,000 100,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Tadorna tadorna Shelduck W 1989 2,300 5,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Anas penelope Wigeon W 1992 80,000 100,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Anas strepera Gadwall W 1992 3,000 8,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Anas crecca Teal W 1989 70,000 160,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Anas acuta Pintail W 1989 13,500 17,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Anas clypeata Shoveler W 1989 40,000 80,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Marmaronetta angustirostris R 1996 5 10 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

Marbled Duck C1, C2, C6Marmaronetta angustirostris W 1996 25 — A A1, B1i, C1, C2

Marbled DuckNetta rufina Red-crested Pochard B 1982 70 — B B2Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard W 1982 2,000 5,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Oxyura leucocephala R 1996 10 — A A1, B1i, B2, C1,

White-headed Duck C2, C6Oxyura leucocephala W 1996 100 400 A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2

White-headed DuckMilvus migrans Black Kite R 1996 600 — B B2, C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1996 10 — C C6


Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 101 101 A B3, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 450 — B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C6

This is an important area for breeding and wintering ducks and fordispersing juvenile Aquila adalberti, Aquila chrysaetos and Hieraaetusfasciatus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (wintering).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Low59 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Complejo endorreico deEspera, 59 ha). 23 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Complejoendorreico de Lebrija-Las Cabezas, 23 ha). 438 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Lagunas de Espera, 438 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance to birds (B), Naturalevents (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from the intensification and expansion ofagriculture, disturbance from visitors and gamekeepers, drought andhunting.

Guadalquivir marshes A1, A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, 259Admin region Andalucía B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C5, C6Coordinates 37°00’N 6°25’WAltitude 0–100 m Area 230,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionOne of the largest wetlands in Europe, at the mouth of the RiverGuadalquivir. In the north and east natural vegetation has beenreplaced with rice cultivation, irrigated cultivation, aquaculture, andsaltpans, although there are still expanses of halophytic scrub.Marshes, Mediterranean scrub, woodland and sand-dunes occur tothe south. The marshes are flooded only seasonally with somepermanent rivers and lagoons. The main human activities includearable agriculture, cattle-grazing, hunting, fishing, fish-farming,research, apiculture (‘Other’ land-use, below) and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest;broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (20%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis),Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (60%; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastallagoon; standing fresh water; standing brackish and salt water; river/stream; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*), Military, Natureconservation/research (*), Other, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport, Watermanagement


The most important wetland in Spain for breeding, passage andwintering waterbirds and passerines. Over 360 species have beenrecorded. Wintering waterbird numbers reach 400,000 individualsclimbing to over 6 million birds during migration periods. The site isa major migratory bottleneck, where more than 20,000 storks andraptors regularly pass. Species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (wintering).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial50,720 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Doñana, 50,720 ha).54,250 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Doñana, 54,250 ha).1,336 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Brazo del Este,1,336 ha). 77,260 ha of IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (Doñana,77,260 ha). 77,260 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Doñana,77,260 ha). 50,720 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Doñana, 50,720 ha). IBA overlaps with World Heritage Site (DoñanaNational Park).


Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Groundwaterabstraction (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A), Natural events (A),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

There are numerous threats and problems. Perhaps the most importantof these relate to the expansion and intensification of agriculture,particularly the uncontrolled use of pesticides and over-exploitationof groundwater. Other threats include a high poaching pressure,intensive crayfish fishing, an increase in fish-farming, industrialpollution with heavy metals which caused a major ecological disasterin 1998, urban development, uncontrolled tourism, and hunting androad construction. There is a research station, a water managementplan and a sustainable development plan.

Condado–Campiña A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, 260Admin region Andalucía C1, C2, C6Coordinates 37°22’N 6°39’WAltitude 10–90 m Area 56,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of non-irrigated cereal crops and olive-groves north-east ofHuelva.

Habitats Artificial landscape (100%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture, Hunting



Aquila adalberti R 1996 15 — A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Spanish Imperial Eagle

Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1996 400 — C B2, C2, C6Fulica cristata Crested Coot R 1996 — — — B2, C2, C6Himantopus himantopus R 1996 8,000 — A A4i, B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet R 1996 8,000 — B A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6Glareola pratincola R 1990 2,000 4,000 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Collared PratincoleCharadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover R 1990 550 — B A4i, B1i, B2, C3Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit W 1990 — 20,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Tringa totanus Redshank R 1996 1,000 — B A4i, B1i, C3Larus genei Slender-billed Gull R 1996 100 — B C2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull W 1996 200 — B A1, C1Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1996 1,000 — B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 25 — B C2Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1996 3,000 — B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Chlidonias niger Black Tern B 1996 7 — B C6

1. Large increase.

611



Podiceps nigricollis W 1996 150 2,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Black-necked Grebe

Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern B 1996 50 — C B2, C2, C6Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 120 300 B B1i, C2, C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1996 6 20 B C6Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill R 1996 400 600 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Phoenicopterus ruber N 1996 150 2,000 B A4i, B1i, C2

Greater FlamingoRecurvirostra avosetta Avocet P 1996 1,550 — C A4i, B1i, C2Charadrius alexandrinus R 1996 150 — B B2

Kentish PloverSterna albifrons Little Tern B 1992 300 — C A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6


Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill N 1994 34 34 B B1i, C2Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover R 1994 50 100 B B2Calidris alpina Dunlin W 1994 1,500 — B B2Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1994 20 30 B C2


Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 60 — B C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 10 — B C6

This is an important site for species associated with open habitats.




The main threat is from irrigation of arable crops.

Odiel and Tinto A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 261marshes and Huelvacoastal lagoonsAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°15’N 6°50’WAltitude 0–40 m Area 14,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large area of tidal marshes at the mouths of the Rivers Tinto andOdiel. There are extensive areas of mud and halophytic scrub andsome saltpans. The main human activities are fishing, shellfishcollecting and tourism.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (*; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastallagoon; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape(arable land; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture, Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport


This is an important wetland for breeding, wintering and passagewaterbirds with the second most important Platalea leucorodiabreeding colony in Spain.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial162 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Enebrales de PuntaUmbría, 162 ha). 480 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Esterode Domingo Rubio, 480 ha). 693 ha of IBA covered by NaturalLandscape (Lagunas de Palos y las Madres, 693 ha). 7,185 ha of IBAcovered by Natural Landscape (Marismas del Odiel, 7,185 ha). 480 haof IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Isla de Enmedio, 480 ha). 16 haof IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Laguna del Portil, 16 ha). 7,185 haof IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (Marismas del Odiel, 7,185 ha).7,185 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Marismas del Odiel,7,185 ha). 7,185 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Marismas del Odiel, 7,185 ha).


Threats Dredging/canalization (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from industrial pollution, infrastructuraldevelopment and uncontrolled tourism. A management plan existsfor part of the site.

River Piedras marshes B1i, B2, C2 262and Rompido sandbankAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°14’N 7°09’WAltitude 0–20 m Area 3,120 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a 12-km-long sandbank, productive sandflats andan estuarine area. The main human activities include fisheries andtourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (10%; scrub),Wetland (100%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sandbeach; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (50%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (60%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


This is an important area for wintering waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None2,530 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Marismas del RioPiedras y Flecha del Rompido, 2,530 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (C),Industrialization/urbanization (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from disturbance from tourists and shellfishcollectors and deteriorating water-quality as a result of agriculturalpollution.

Isla Cristina and Ayamonte A4i, B1i, B2, B3, 263marshes and Prado lagoon C2, C3, C6Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°13’N 7°25’WAltitude 0–10 m Area 3,390 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionCoastal marshes at the mouth of the River Guadiana with sandbeaches, halophytic scrub, and numerous abandoned saltpans. Humanactivities include scrub collection, fishing and tourism.

Habitats Wetland (100%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (15%), Tourism/recreation (80%), Urban/industrial/transport (20%)

■■■■■ BirdsSpecies Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1996 1,000 1,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1996 500 500 B A4i, B1i, C2, C6Ciconia ciconia White Stork R 1996 500 500 B B1i, B2, C2, C6Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill R 1996 100 100 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 200 200 B B3, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 400 400 B B2, C2, C6Glareola pratincola B 1996 100 100 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2

Collared PratincoleCharadrius hiaticula Ringed Plover W 1996 5,000 5,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover B 1996 500 500 B A4i, B1i, B2, C3Calidris minuta Little Stint W 1996 5,000 5,000 — A4i, B1i, C3Calidris alpina Dunlin W 1996 5,000 5,000 B B2Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit W 1996 500 500 B B2Numenius arquata Curlew W 1996 500 500 B B2Tringa totanus Redshank W 1996 3,000 3,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Larus fuscus W 1996 5,000 5,000 B B1i, C3

Lesser Black-backed GullLarus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull W 1996 5,000 5,000 B A4i, B1i, C3

612



Sterna caspia Caspian Tern R 1996 50 50 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern W 1996 500 500 B C2

1 Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 150 150 B B1i, B2, C2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern P 1996 300 300 B B1i, C2

1. Large decrease.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1996 4 5 B B1i, C2, C6Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture N 1996 300 — B B1iii, C2Aegypius monachus N 1996 50 — B A1, B1iii, C1, C2

Cinereous VultureAquila adalberti N 1996 4 6 B A1, C1

Spanish Imperial EagleAlectoris rufa Red-legged Partridge R 1996 20,000 — B B2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 120 — B C6

1 Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 40 — B C6

1. Large decrease.


Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture N 1996 300 — B B1iii, C21 Aegypius monachus R 1996 61 80 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 20 — B B2, C6

1. Large decrease.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1997 30 — B B1i, C2Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture N 1997 200 — B B1iii, C2

A very important area for breeding, passage and wintering waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None2,145 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Marismas de IslaCristina–Ayamonte, 2,145 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (U),Filling-in of wetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from uncontrolled building, irrigation schemesand aquaculture projects. Levels of disturbance from tourists are high.

West Andévalo A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 264Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°30’N 7°15’WAltitude 50–397 m Area 45,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of dehesas and Quercus woodland with scrub and fallow land.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting (*)


This is an important area for steppic birds and feeding and roostingraptors and dispersing juveniles.



Threats Afforestation (A), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Construction/impactof dyke/dam/barrage (A), Infrastructure (A), Other (A)

Major threats are from agricultural intensification, dam projects, theuse of poison (‘Other’ threats, above), and the erection of powerlines.

Sierra Pelada mountain range A1, A4ii, B1iii, 265Admin region Andalucía B2, C1, C2, C6Coordinates 37°55’N 7°05’WAltitude 250–657 m Area 48,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of hills with slopes covered by scrub, Quercus woodlandand Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations. Dehesas occupy the northernsection of the site. The main human activities are forestry and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (scrub), Artificial landscape (*; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting


This is an important site for breeding raptors, particularly for Aegypiusmonachus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial718 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Picos de Aroche, 718 ha).12,980 ha of IBA covered by Natural Landscape (Sierra Pelada y Riveradel Aserador, 12,980 ha). 12,980 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Sierra Pelada y Rivera del Aserrador, 12,980 ha).


Threats Afforestation (A), Deforestation (commercial) (A), Intensified forest management (A)

The main threat is from intensive forest management, whichparticularly threatens Aegypius monachus.

Las Contiendas mountain range B1i, B1iii, C2 266Admin region AndalucíaCoordinates 38°00’N 6°50’WAltitude 400–712 m Area 35,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area, north-west of Huelva, with deep gullies and rivercanyons. Vegetation includes dehesas, Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations,scrub and riverine vegetation around the Rivers Chanza and Múrtigas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland,Artificial landscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting


This is an important site for breeding and dispersing raptors andCiconia nigra. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aegypius monachus (resident) and Aquila adalberti (4non-breeding individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial30,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Aracena y Picosde Aroche, 184,000 ha). 30,000 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche, 184,000 ha).


Threats Intensified forest management (U), Recreation/tourism (U), Unsustainableexploitation (U)

Intensive forestry and the associated network of tracks is the mostimportant threat. Illegal hunting and increasing visitor pressure arealso problems.

East mountain range B1i, B2, C2, C6 267of HuelvaAdmin region AndalucíaCoordinates 37°55’N 6°30’WAltitude 400–871 m Area 71,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area north-east of Huelva. Dehesas dominate the area.

613



Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1997 4 — B B1i, C2Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1997 20 — B B2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1997 25 — B B2, C6


Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 100 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 400 — B A1, C1Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 220 — B B2, C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 15 20 B B1i, C2Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 100 — B B3, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 200 — C A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1992 6,935 12,939 A A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 3,000 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 1,500 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 — 15 B B1i, C2Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 25 — B B2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 2 2 A A1, B2, C1

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila adalberti N 1996 8 — B A1, C1

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 9 9 A C6Hieraaetus pennatus B 1996 25 — B B2

Booted EagleHieraaetus fasciatus R 1995 11 11 A B2, C2, C6

Bonnelli’s Eagle

Riverine vegetation occurs along the main streams. The main humanactivity is livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, GrasslandLand-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important area for breeding and dispersing juvenile raptorsand Ciconia nigra. It is also an important passage and wintering sitefor passerines. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (non-breeding) and Falco naumanni(2–4 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High71,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Sierra de Aracena yPicos de Aroche, 184,000 ha). 71,000 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche,184,000 ha).


Threats Afforestation (B), Extraction industry (U), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainableexploitation (U)

The main threats are from high hunting pressure, mining, anduncontrolled tourism.

Fuente de Cantos– A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 268MontemolínAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°10’N 6°15’WAltitude 500–731 m Area 49,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of non-irrigated cereal cultivation and grasslands, surroundedby dehesas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland,Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This is an important site for steppe birds. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Otis tarda (30 resident pairs).


■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats known at this site.

Azuaga–Llerena– A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 269Peraleda de Zaucejo B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°20’N 5°40’WAltitude 400–848 m Area 147,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of dry, cultivated plains with grasslands, small patches ofQuercus woodland and dehesas. The main human activities are cerealand livestock-farming, hunting, and some mining.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland,Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land;perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important area for wintering Grus grus and for breedingsteppic species.



Threats Disturbance to birds (B), Other (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Localized poaching of nests, poisoning, and illegal huntingoccurs. There is occasional disturbance of breeding birds by forestrywork.

Central Badajoz A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 270mountain rangesAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°35’N 6°05’WAltitude 400–943 m Area 90,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area in the centre of Badajoz province with highcliffs, extensive areas of broadleaved evergreen forest, sclerophyllousscrub and dehesas in the valleys. The area is used for livestock-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub(sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland, Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Hunting


The site is important for raptors. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aegypius monachus (25 non-breeding individuals).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Low6,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra Grandede Hornachos, 6,000 ha).


Threats Disturbance to birds (U)

Forestry and agricultural operations cause disturbance to breedingbirds.

614



Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 100 — B C6Grus grus Crane W 1995 1,200 3,000 B A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 500 — B A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 — 600 B A1, B2, C1, C2Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 220 — B B2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1996 200 — B B2, C6



Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 40 40 A B1i, B2, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 215 — B A4i, B1i, C2Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 200 — B B2, C6Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1996 25 — C B2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 50 — C B2, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 100 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1, C2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1991 8 12 B B1i, C2Grus grus Crane W 1995 1,650 1,720 A B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1992 90 500 B A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1995 320 320 A A1, B2, C1, C2

Bienvenida–Usagre– A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 271Ribera del FresnoAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°20’N 6°15’WAltitude 350–655 m Area 6,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plain to the east of Zafra with non-irrigated cereal cultivation,grasslands, and dehesas. There are also some vineyards and olive-groves.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland, Wetland (standing freshwater; river/stream), Artificial landscape (65%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (65%)


An important area for wintering Grus grus and breeding steppic birds.



Threats Infrastructure (U)

The main threat is from powerlines.

Valuengo reservoir A4i, B1i, C2, C3 272Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°20’N 6°40’WAltitude 350–545 m Area 11,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe reservoir is surrounded by dehesas, grasslands and irrigated crops.Human activities include livestock-farming, arable cultivation andhunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (*), Wetland(standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Water management


An important breeding site for herons and passage Ciconia nigra.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A)

A planned new reservoir would destroy feeding areas of Ciconia nigra.

Jerez de los Caballeros dehesas A1, A4i, B1i, 273Admin region Extremadura B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6Coordinates 38°15’N 6°50’WAltitude 200–776 m Area 160,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site contains large areas of Quercus-dominated dehesas, whichform mature woodland in some areas. Human activities include

widespread livestock-farming and cork harvesting (‘Other’ land-use,below).

Habitats Forest and woodland (65%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland, Wetland(river/stream), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Other


This is an important site for breeding Ciconia nigra and raptors.



Threats Disturbance to birds (B)

There is some disturbance of breeding species, especially Ciconia nigra,by livestock and farmers.

Villanueva del Fresno A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2 274Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°20’N 7°10’WAltitude 150–237 m Area 7,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area to the west of Badajoz with open dehesas alternating withgrasslands and cereal crops.

Habitats Forest and woodland (75%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland, Artificiallandscape (25%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (70%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species and wintering Grus grus.



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Forest grazing (B), Natural events (A)

The most important threat to the site is a plan to create the Alquevareservoir in Portugal. Rain following a recent drought has causedwidespread erosion. The area is generally overgrazed.

Valongo A4i, B1i, C3, C6 275Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°40’N 7°15’WAltitude 200–207 m Area 2,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a section of the River Guadiana with patches ofalluvial woodland and surrounding dehesas and cereal crops. The mainactivity is livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Grassland, Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1994 1,500 1,500 A A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 115 — B B1i, C2

615



Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 200 — B B2Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1996 25 — B B2, C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1996 1,000 — B B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 3,000 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 1,500 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6


Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 6 6 A B2Grus grus Crane W 1995 647 1,852 A B1i, C2Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 36 100 B A1, C1


Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 200 200 B A1, B2, C1, C2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1997 9 9 A B1i, C2Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1997 9 9 A C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1997 8 8 A B2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1995 2,361 6,000 B A4i, B1i, C2


This is an important area for species associated with riverine habitats,particularly breeding herons. The IBA holds one of Spain’s mostimportant colonies of Bubulcus ibis.



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A)

The planned Alqueva dam in Portugal would probably flood the area.

Olivenza–La Albuera A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 276Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°50’N 6°50’WAltitude 275–335 m Area 79,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPlains to the south-east of Badajoz with grasslands, dehesas and somenon-irrigated cereal cultivation. There is an endorreic lagoon complex.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (10%),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (80%; arable land;other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (100%)


This is an important area for breeding steppic species, resident andwintering raptors and wintering Grus grus.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (U)

New irrigation schemes and a new powerline are the main threats.

Alange A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2 277Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°40’N 6°15’WAltitude 275–677 m Area 66,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains, in the centre of the province of Badajoz, dominatedby cereal cultivation and dehesas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland,Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Water management


An important area for raptors, steppic species, and wintering Grus grus.



Villalba de los Barros A1, B2, C1, C2 278Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°40’N 6°35’WAltitude 350–425 m Area 12,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains, south of the city of Badajoz, dominated by non-irrigated cereal cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Artificial landscape(85%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


This is an important area for steppic species. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Tetrax tetrax(150 resident pairs).




No serious threats known at the site.

Puerto de Mejoral– A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6 279Almorchón–Cabeza del BueyAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°40’N 5°15’WAltitude 375–938 m Area 82,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of mountains and a river valley. The mountain slopes aredominated by sclerophyllous scrub. The river valley has large dehesas,and some grassland, arable cultivation and olive-groves. The mainhuman activities are livestock-grazing and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*), Grassland,Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (scree/boulders; inlandcliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestryplantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important wintering area for Grus grus and breeding sitefor raptors.



Threats Industrialization/urbanization (B)

The main threat is from industrial activity in Peñalgordo, which causeshigh levels of disturbance to breeding raptors.


Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1994 7 7 A C6Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1994 5,000 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C3

616


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaBubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1994 1,140 — A A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 140 — A B1i, C2Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1992 200 — C B3, C6Grus grus Crane W 1995 2,548 — A A4i, B1i, C2

1 Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 2,500 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 800 — A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

1 Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 500 — B B2, C2, C6Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole B 1992 25 — C C6

1 Pterocles orientalis R 1996 167 167 B B2, C6Black-bellied Sandgrouse

1 Pterocles alchata R 1996 1,600 — B B2, C2, C6Pin-tailed Sandgrouse

Melanocorypha calandra Calandra Lark R 1992 11,000 — B B2, C6

1. Large decrease.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 — 100 B B1i, C2Grus grus Crane W 1995 1,000 2,000 B A4i, B1i, C2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 4 4 A B1i, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 14 14 A B1i, C2Aegypius monachus R 1995 7 7 A A1, C1

Cinereous VultureAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 10 12 A B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 5 5 A B2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 6 7 A B1i, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 25 40 B B1i, C2Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 30 — A B3Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 38 38 A C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 2 2 A A1, B2, C1

Spanish Imperial EagleHieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 25 — B B2Grus grus Crane W 1995 800 1,400 A B1i, C2

La Serena A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6 280Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°50’N 5°30’WAltitude 300–744 m Area 109,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large area of dry grassland with occasional areas of cerealcultivation. The grasslands are used for sheep grazing. There are threelarge dams on the site’s rivers.

Habitats Scrub (5%), Grassland (50%; dry siliceous grassland)Land-use Agriculture (100%), Hunting (100%)


This is an area of exceptional importance for steppic species, althoughtheir populations have been declining since the 1980s.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Infrastructure (B), Natural events (U)

Enlargement of the area of irrigated crops, the building of anotherdam and several other infrastructure projects (oil pipeline, gas pipeline,electric powerlines) are the most important threats. Crop spraying isa further threat. The area is prone to drought.

Siruela–Agudo A4i, B1i, C2 281Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°00’N 5°00’WAltitude 350–940 m Area 66,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated to the north of the Sierra de Siruela, the site is predominantlycovered by dehesas, with grasslands and some cereal cultivation.Human activities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland (*),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennialcrops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This is an important area for wintering Grus grus and breeding raptors.



Threats Other (C)

Occasional robbing of raptors’ nests is reported.

Cijara reservoir A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 282Admin region Extremadura, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°20’N 4°50’WAltitude 350–877 m Area 73,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir on the River Guadiana surrounded by areas ofsclerophyllous scrub, Quercus woodland, Pinus plantations, dehesas,pasture and non-irrigated arable cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub),Grassland (dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water), Rocky areas (scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for breeding raptors and Ciconia nigra.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None24,999 ha of IBA covered by National Game Reserve (Cijara,24,999 ha).


Threats Disturbance to birds (B)

The main threat is from disturbance by hunters, particularly tobreeding Aegypius monachus.

Puerto Peña reservoir– A1, B1i, B2, B3, 283Valdecaballeros C1, C2, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°15’N 5°10’WAltitude 350–850 m Area 32,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir on the River Guadiana surrounded by Quercus woodland,sclerophyllous scrub and Pinus plantations. In the mountainous partof the site there are dehesas and areas of pasture. The main humanactivities are livestock-farming, hunting and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub (*;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (dry siliceous grassland), Wetland(standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*;arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (90%), Water management


This is an important site for breeding raptors and wintering Grus grus.



Threats Infrastructure (B), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

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Grus grus Crane W 1995 620 1,302 B B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 800 — B A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 50 60 B A1, C1


Grus grus Crane W 1992 1,433 3,000 A A4i, B1i, C2Himantopus himantopus R 1996 150 150 B B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltGlareola pratincola Collared Pratincole R 1996 110 110 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit P 1996 6,000 12,000 B A4i, B1i, C3


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 5 — B B1i, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 — 12 B B1i, C2Grus grus Crane W 1995 471 3,000 B A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 350 — B A1, C1

Threats include inadequate forest management, disturbance tobreeding Ciconia nigra from anglers and boats, new powerlines andnew road building.

Pela mountain range– A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 284Orellana reservoir–Zorita B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°05’N 5°25’WAltitude 340–751 m Area 140,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn isolated mountain range with sclerophyllous scrub and plains withextensive dehesas, pastures, olive-groves, and arable cultivation. Thesite includes a reservoir.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (15%;steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (10%; standing fresh water; river/stream),Artificial landscape (65%; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting (90%), Water management (10%)


An important site for resident raptors and particularly for winteringGrus grus, which has 16 roost sites within the IBA. The site is alsoimportant for steppic species and waterbirds around the reservoir.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial5,500 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Embalse de Orellana,5,500 ha). 25,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Embalse de Orellana y Sierra de Pela, 25,000 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Infrastructure (B)

The main threats are from irrigation of arable cultivation and a newroad.

Don Benito–Guareña A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2 285Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 38°50’N 6°00’WAltitude 200–425 m Area 31,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of plains south of the River Guadiana, in central Badajoz.The site is dominated by arable agriculture and dehesas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland,Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*)


This site is important for wintering Grus grus




The main threat is from the expansion of irrigation schemes.

Valdehornillos– A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 286Santa AmaliaAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°05’N 5°51’WAltitude 250–323 m Area 23,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large area of rice-fields in the north of Badajoz province.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland, Artificiallandscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (90%)


This is an important site for passage waders and wintering Grus grus.


■■■■■ Conservation issuesSpecies abundance fluctuates depending upon the timing of theflooding of areas under rice cultivation.

Montánchez mountain range– A1, A4i, B1i, 287Cornalvo reservoir C1, C2Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°10’N 6°10’WAltitude 250–698 m Area 54,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site contains extensive areas of dehesa areas and also grasslandsand scrub. A small reservoir lies within the site. The main humanactivities are livestock-farming, hunting and cork harvesting (‘Other’land-use).

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Grassland, Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (perennialcrops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Other


An important site for raptors, steppic birds and wintering Grus grus.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaBubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1996 5,000 6,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret B 1996 50 60 A C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 6 6 A B1i, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1995 47 52 A B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 342 362 A B1i, B2, C2, C6Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1996 12 14 A B2, C6Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 105 120 A B3, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 7 7 A B2, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 310 340 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1996 13,500 24,000 A A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1992 200 — B A1, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1995 448 448 A A1, B2, C1, C2Himantopus himantopus B 1992 140 — B B1i, C2, C6

Black-winged StiltGlareola pratincola B 1996 60 120 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

Collared PratincoleLimosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit W 1996 2,000 4,000 B B1i, C3Larus fuscus W 1996 5,000 6,000 B A4i, B1i, C3

Lesser Black-backed GullGelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1995 400 450 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Coracias garrulus Roller B 1996 40 — B B2

618



Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron B 1992 18 18 A C6Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1994 1,825 1,825 A A4i, B1i, C3, C6Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret W 1994 2,500 — A A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret B 1992 59 59 A C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 50 — B A1, B2, C1


Grus grus Crane W 1995 339 792 A B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 500 — B A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1995 332 332 A A1, B2, C1, C2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaBubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1994 1,100 1,100 A A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 9 9 A B1i, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 100 — C B1i, C2Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 100 — C B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 21 21 A B2, C6

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 40 40 A C6

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial10,570 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Cornalvo, 10,570 ha).10,570 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Embalse deCornalvo y Sierra Bermeja, 10,570 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B)

The main threats are from infrastructural development projectsincluding new roads, a gas pipeline, golf course and a reservoir.

Mérida–Montijo reservoir A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 288Admin region Extremadura C1, C3, C6Coordinates 38°55’N 6°25’WAltitude 200–250 m Area 4,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises the town of Mérida, its surrounding area and nearbyreservoirs. There is a mosaic of habitats with arable cultivation, olive-groves, dehesas, Quercus woodland, and alluvial vegetation. The areais used for grazing and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Wetland (standing freshwater; river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important site for breeding and wintering herons.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (U), Industrialization/urbanization (U),Infrastructure (U)

Urbanization and infrastructural developments are the main threats.

Lácara–Morante A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 289Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°00’N 6°25’WAltitude 200–317 m Area 56,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPlains to the north of Mérida, mainly covered by dehesas interspersedwith dry grasslands and cereal crops. The main human activity islivestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Grassland, Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (75%), Hunting, Water management


This is an important site for breeding raptors and wintering Grus grus.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Falco naumanni (6–20 breeding pairs) and Otis tarda (10 resident pairs).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (B),Industrialization/urbanization (C), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The most important threat to the site is an expansion in the area ofirrigated arable land. Other threats include illegal hunting andtrapping, fires, and the destruction of riverine vegetation.

Botoa–Villar del Rey A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2 290Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°10’N 6°50’WAltitude 175–443 m Area 47,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPlains to the north of Badajoz with cereal cultivation, grasslands anddehesas. The area is grazed by sheep.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland (*),Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (75%)


This is an important site for steppic species.




The main threat is from increases in the area of irrigated crops.

San Pedro A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, 291mountain range C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°20’N 6°45’WAltitude 270–703 m Area 295,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large mountainous area on the border with Portugal. The sitecontains well-preserved Mediterranean vegetation, with Quercuswoodland, dehesas, grassland, scrub and maquis. The main humanactivities are livestock-farming, game hunting and cork harvesting(‘Other’ land-use).

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Wetland (standingbrackish and salt water; river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture, Hunting, Other

■■■■■ BirdsSpecies Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaElanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1996 25 — C B2, C2, C6Aegypius monachus N 1997 23 30 B A1, B1iii, C1, C2

Cinereous VultureGrus grus Crane W 1995 788 1,883 A B1i, C2

1 Glareola pratincola B 1997 70 — B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Collared Pratincole

Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1992 31 31 A C2

1. Large increase.

619


Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Aegypius monachus R 1995 168 168 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 20 20 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleHieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1995 50 — C B2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 10 10 A B2, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 50 — B A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 150 — C A1, B2, C1, C2Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1995 25 — C B2, C6

1. Large increase.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 11 14 A B1i, C2Aegypius monachus R 1995 15 15 A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 6 6 A B2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCiconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 5 5 A B1i, C2Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 35 — C B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1994 200 — B B2Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1992 50 — C A1, B2, C1Grus grus Crane W 1996 2,295 2,741 A A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 1,000 — C A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 500 800 B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 500 — B B2, C2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1996 500 — B B2, C2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata R 1996 500 — B B2, C2, C6



Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1992 1,083 — A A4i, B1i, C3Egretta garzetta Little Egret B 1992 40 — C C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 31 — B B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1992 200 — B B2Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 20 — C B2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 200 — C A1, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 25 70 B A1, C1

An important site for breeding storks, raptors and steppic species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial83,217 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra de SanPedro, 83,217 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are hunting, disturbance by climbers and photo-graphers, the construction of a gas pipeline, and hunting pressure.

Cedillo reservoir A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 292Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°40’N 7°20’WAltitude 220–372 m Area 53,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir on the River Tajo with steep banks and occasional cliffs.The surrounding vegetation comprises Mediterranean scrub, Quercuswoodland, dehesas, and some olive-groves. The main human activitiesare livestock-farming and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland,Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (highly improvedreseeded grassland)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting, Water management


This is an important area for cliff-nesting species, particularly raptorsand storks, and steppic species.




There is some disturbance to breeding species by anglers and boats.

Brozas–Membrío A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 293Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°40’N 6°50’WAltitude 300–521 m Area 94,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wide plain between the River Tajo and the Sierra de San Pedrowith many endorreic ponds. The vegetation includes extensivegrasslands with occasional cereal fields and large dehesas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland (*),Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is a very important area for steppic species.




The main threat is from recreational activities.

Malpartida de Cáceres– A1, A4i, B1i, B2, 294Arroyo de la Luz C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°25’N 6°30’WAltitude 350–515 m Area 43,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wide, undulating plain with granite hillocks and numerous ponds.There is a mosaic of dehesas, grasslands and arable cultivation, withsome patches of Pinus woodland. The area is extensively grazed bysheep.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub, Grassland (*),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


This is an important area for species associated with steppe habitats.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Falco naumanni (20 breeding pairs).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (A)

Agricultural intensification, particularly using irrigation, urbandevelopment and road-building are the main threats.

Plain between Cáceres A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 295and Trujillo–Aldea del Cano B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°25’N 6°10’WAltitude 270–644 m Area 103,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes an area of undulating plains dissected by steep-sidedrivers. The main vegetation-types are dry grassland, garrigue, arable

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Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCiconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 20 20 A B1i, B2, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 30 — B B1i, C2Neophron percnopterus B 1995 38 38 A B1iii, B2, C2, C6

Egyptian Vulture1 Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 146 146 A B1iii, B2, C2, C61 Aegypius monachus R 1995 15 15 A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C61 Aquila adalberti R 1995 6 6 A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 19 19 A B2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1992 20 — B B2

1 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 21 21 A B2, C2, C6

1. Large increase.

cultivation and patches of dehesa. The main human activities includelivestock-farming, arable agriculture and game hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*), Grassland (*),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important site for steppic birds, also passage Ciconia nigraand wintering Grus grus. Species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial48,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Llanos deCáceres y Sierra de Fuentes, 48,000 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are from agricultural intensification andurbanization. A management plan exists.

Trujillo–Torrecillas A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 296de la Tiesa B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°30’N 5°50’WAltitude 350–560 m Area 108,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wide, undulating plain around Trujillo dominated by dehesas anddry grassland, with some non-irrigated arable land.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub), Grassland(*; dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (80%), Hunting


An important site for breeding steppic birds, breeding and passageCiconia nigra and wintering Grus grus. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).



Threats Disturbance to birds (B), Infrastructure (A)

The main threats are from new infrastructure projects, disturbanceand a new reservoir.

Las Villuercas mountain range A1, B1i, B1iii, 297Admin region Extremadura B2, C1, C2, C6Coordinates 39°40’N 5°25’WAltitude 350–1,443 m Area 216,230 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area with dense oak Quercus forest, Castanea sativawoodland, Pinus plantations and extensive areas of scrub. Aroundvillages there are arable fields, olive-groves, grasslands and dehesas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for breeding raptors and Ciconia nigra.



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Disturbance to birds (B),Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are the construction of new dams and roads, urbandevelopment, and hunting pressure. Aquila adalberti is vulnerable todisturbance by livestock.

Monfragüe A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6 298Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°40’N 5°45’WAltitude 320–839 m Area 155,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site encompasses a range of hills with many cliffs and gulliesand the Rivers Tajo and Tiétar. There are extensive areas of densesclerophyllous scrub, small Quercus-dominated woodlands and areasof dehesa, as well as some Eucalyptus plantations.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (drysiliceous grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificial landscape(arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Hunting, Other, Tourism/recreation


Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1994 8,600 8,600 A A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 15 15 A B1i, B2, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1994 52 — B B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 350 — B B1i, B2, C2, C6Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1994 10 — C B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 10 10 A C6

Egyptian VultureCircus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 100 — C B3, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 20 — C B2Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 250 — B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1992 682 1,080 A B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard B 1996 1,000 — B A1, B2, C1Otis tarda Great Bustard B 1996 300 — B A1, B2, C1, C2Pterocles orientalis R 1996 100 — C B2, C6



Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1996 250 — B A4i, B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1992 220 — C B2, C6Milvus milvus Red Kite W 1996 500 — B A4ii, B1iii, C2Circus pygargus Montagu’s Harrier B 1996 140 — B B3, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 25 — C B2Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 450 — B A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,

C1, C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1996 900 2,200 B A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 3,000 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 1,300 — B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 220 — B B2, C6Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern B 1996 60 — B B2, C6Pterocles orientalis R 1996 100 — C B2, C6

Black-bellied SandgrousePterocles alchata R 1996 100 — C B2, C2, C6

Pin-tailed SandgrouseCoracias garrulus Roller B 1996 150 — C B2, C2, C6

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Ardea purpurea Purple Heron B 1994 60 60 A B2, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 31 — A B1i, B2, C2, C6Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1992 10 — C B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 22 — A B2, C6

Egyptian VultureGyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 377 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

1 Aegypius monachus R 1995 214 214 A A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2,Cinereous Vulture C1, C2, C6

Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle B 1992 15 — C C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 10 11 A A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleAquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle R 1995 7 8 A C6Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 7 7 A B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1992 20 — C C6Caprimulgus ruficollis B 1996 Frequent — A3

Red-necked NightjarOenanthe hispanica B 1996 Common — A3

Black-eared WheatearOenanthe leucura Black Wheatear R 1996 Frequent — A3Sylvia conspicillata R 1996 Abundant — A3

Spectacled WarblerSylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler B 1996 Abundant — A3Sylvia melanocephala R 1996 Abundant — A3

Sardinian WarblerSturnus unicolor Spotless Starling R 1996 Abundant — A3

1. Large increase.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 18 — A B1i, B2, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 17 — B B1i, C2

1 Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1996 400 — B B1i, B2, C2, C6Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1996 100 — B B2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1995 32 — A B1iii, B2, C2, C6

Egyptian VultureAquila adalberti R 1995 2 3 A A1, B2, C1, C6

Spanish Imperial EagleHieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 50 — B B2, C6


Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle R 1995 6 7 A B2, C6Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1996 150 — B A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

C2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1995 1,558 3,000 B A4i, B1i, C2Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard R 1996 2,000 — B A1, B2, C1, C6Otis tarda Great Bustard R 1996 150 3,000 B A1, B2, C1, C2, C6

1. Large increase.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 4 7 A B1i, C2Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture R 1995 68 — A C6Aquila adalberti R 1995 2 2 A A1, B2, C1

Spanish Imperial EagleHieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 25 — B B2


This is a very important area for breeding raptors, particularlyAegypius monachus and also for Ciconia nigra. Breeding birds includeseven of the 20 species in Europe that are restricted to theMediterranean biome (when breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial17,852 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Monfragüe, 17,852 ha).17,852 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Monfragüe,17,852 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (U), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threats to the site are disturbance from visitors and potentialinfrastructural developments, especially road building and riverregulation. A management plan is being produced. Eucalyptusplantations are being removed.

Alcántara reservoir– A1, A4i, B1i, B1iii, B2, 299Cuatro Lugares C1, C2, C6Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°45’N 6°30’WAltitude 250–815 m Area 116,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes a huge reservoir and surrounding dry grasslands,sclerophyllous scrub, dehesa, olive-groves and arable land. There aresome old Pinus plantations. Human activities include sheep-grazing,forestry, hunting and recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub),Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Artificiallandscape (arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry, Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for breeding storks, raptors and steppic speciesand wintering Grus grus.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Infrastructure (U), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from irrigation of arable land, disturbance fromrecreational use of the reservoir, and plans for a new road.

Coria mountain ranges A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C6 300Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 39°50’N 6°30’WAltitude 300–625 m Area 71,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plain to the south-east of Coria crossed by a small range of hills.Most of the area is dehesa with areas of arable land, scrub, grassland,Quercus woodland and Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations. The mainhuman activity is livestock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (30%),Grassland, Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arableland; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for forest- and cliff-nesting raptors.



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (B)

The main threats are afforestation, irrigation of crops, the erection ofpowerlines, and water-management schemes.

Borbollón reservoir A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2, C3 301Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 40°10’N 6°35’WAltitude 300–510 m Area 48,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site comprises a reservoir surrounded by dehesa, non-irrigatedarable land and grassland. There is a wooded island in the reservoir.The main human activities are livestock-grazing and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub),Grassland (*), Wetland (standing fresh water), Artificial landscape (highly improvedreseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)

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Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret B 1994 750 750 A A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 40 50 B B1i, C2Grus grus Crane W 1995 853 1,620 B B1i, C2Otis tarda Great Bustard W 1995 40 50 A A1, C1


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 6 — A B1i, C21 Aegypius monachus R 1995 43 — A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C6Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle B 1996 25 — A B2

1. Large increase.


Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 8 8 A B1i, C2Grus grus Crane W 1995 787 1,200 A B1i, C2


Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1997 10 — B B1i, C2Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel B 1997 70 70 A A1, B2, C1


The site is important for post-breeding Ciconia nigra, breeding heronsand wintering Grus grus.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Disturbance to birds (B)

The major threat to the site is from agricultural intensification, inparticular an increase in the area of irrigated crops. An irrigationscheme threatens a wooded island in the reservoir used by breedingbirds. Disturbance is also a threat.

East Gata mountain range A1, B1i, B1iii, B2, 302Admin region Extremadura C1, C2, C6Coordinates 40°20’N 6°35’WAltitude 350–1,412 m Area 86,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountain range in northern Extremadura. The vegetation consistsof Pinus pinaster plantations, scrub and grassland. There are also someolive-groves and orchards. The main human activities are livestock-farming and forestry.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (60%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (mesophilegrassland), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (25%; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry


An important site for resident raptors. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).



Threats Afforestation (B), Burning of vegetation (B), Infrastructure (B)

Afforestation with Pinus plantations, fires, and new road constructionare the main threats to the site.

Gabriel y Galán reservoir B1i, C2 303Admin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 40°16’N 6°16’WAltitude 300–900 m Area 55,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reservoir on the River Alagón surrounded by dehesas, plantationsof Pinus pinaster, grassland and arable cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (10%;dry siliceous grassland), Wetland (20%; standing fresh water), Artificial landscape (10%;arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (60%), Hunting, Water management


This is an important site for breeding Ciconia nigra and wintering Grusgrus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Aegypius monachus (2 resident pairs).



Threats Afforestation (B), Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Infrastructure (B)

Afforestation with Eucalyptus, increasing use of irrigation in arablecrops and plans for a new road are the major threats to the site.

Plasencia and San Bernabé A1, B1i, B2, C1, C2 304mountain rangeAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 40°04’N 6°00’WAltitude 350–1,250 m Area 18,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small mountain range with Quercus woodland and dehesas at loweraltitudes. The site includes the city of Plasencia and the Plasenciareservoir.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved deciduous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub, Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


This is an important area for Falco naumanni and passage Ciconianigra. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Aegypius monachus (non-breeding).



Threats Industrialization/urbanization (U), Other (U)

The main threats are from the restoration of old buildings used asnesting sites by Falco naumanni (‘Other’ threats, above), and increasingurban development.

Lower Tiétar river B1i, B2, C2, C6 305and La Vera valleyAdmin region ExtremaduraCoordinates 40°05’N 5°35’WAltitude 200–1,175 m Area 73,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA fertile valley with riverine forest, Pinus forest and dehesas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (15%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (10%; dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (10%; river/stream), Artificial landscape (50%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (90%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (40%)

■■■■■ BirdsThis is an important site for breeding forest raptors and Ciconia nigra.

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Ciconia nigra Black Stork B 1995 12 — B B1i, C2Milvus migrans Black Kite B 1995 150 — B B2, C6


Calonectris diomedea B 1991 100 300 B B2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Puffinus yelkouan B 1991 50 100 B B1ii, B3, C2Yelkouan Shearwater

Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1991 2,100 4,000 B A4ii, B1ii, B2, C2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull B 1996 200 250 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6

Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Falco naumanni (20 breeding pairs).



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Intensified forest management (B)

Agricultural intensification, particularly pesticide pollution and illegaluse of water resources, together with a project to build a new dam arethe main threats.

Campo Arañuelo– A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 306Valdecañas reservoirAdmin region Extremadura, Castilla-La ManchaCoordinates 39°53’N 5°16’WAltitude 275–403 m Area 81,950 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA wide plain to the south of the River Tiétar with many creeks andsmall ponds. The reservoir is surrounded by extensive dehesas andareas of grassland and arable cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Grassland (dry siliceousgrassland), Wetland (standing fresh water), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


This is an important site for breeding herons and raptors and winteringGrus grus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aquila adalberti (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Low5,167 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Llanvras deOropesa, Lagartera y Calera y Chozas, 14,948 ha). 732 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Valle del Tiétar y Embalses deRosarito y Navalcán, 53,167 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (B)

The main threat is agricultural intensification as a result of moreextensive use of irrigation, plans for a new road, powerlines and riverregulation. There is a nuclear power-station at Almaraz.

Islets Vedrá A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 307and VedranellAdmin region BalearesCoordinates 38°52’N 1°14’EAltitude 0–381 m Area 100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo rocky, limestone islets close to the south-western coast of Ibiza.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Agriculture (100%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and coastal raptors.Puffinus yelkouan probably no longer breeds. Larus audouinii is anoccasional breeder. Species of global conservation concern that donot meet IBA criteria: Larus audouinii (25 resident pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High100 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Islas de Vedrá yVedranell, 100 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from disturbance from tourism in thesummer, predation by Larus cachinnans (‘Other’ threats, above) andproblems caused by introduced mammals, particularly rabbitsand goats. A proposal exists to declare the site a Natural Reserve. Arecovery plan for Puffinus yelkouan has been carried out by the BalearicGovernment. L. cachinnans is culled annually. The IBA overlaps witha Natural Area of Special Interest (Cap Llentrisca–Sa Talaia de SantJosep).

Isle of Conejera and A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, 308islets of Bledes and B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Espartar (Ibiza)Admin region BalearesCoordinates 38°59’N 1°12’EAltitude 0–74 m Area 147 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of islets to the west of Ibiza. The largest island, Conejera,has cliffs and is dominated by Juniperus scrub. There are no permanentinhabitants but there are many visitors during the summer. The restof the islets are rocky with sparse scrub cover.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets; caves)Land-use Hunting (10%), Military (10%), Not utilized (90%)





Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Disturbance to birds (A),Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from disturbance of Larus audouinii by rabbithunters, military activities and tourists, hunting, and the collection ofPuffinus yelkouan chicks for food. Larus cachinnans colonies are culledannually. The IBA overlaps with a Natural Area of Special Interest(Isoltes de Ibiza y Formentera).

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant W 1996 4,500 — B A4i, B1i, C3Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R 1992 1,400 1,400 A A4i, B1i, C3Ciconia nigra Black Stork R 1995 4 4 A B1i, C2, C6Ciconia nigra Black Stork P 1992 15 — A B1i, C2Ciconia ciconia White Stork B 1992 200 — A B2, C6Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite R 1996 10 — A B2, C6Grus grus Crane W 1995 2,200 5,300 A A4i, B1i, C2Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern B 1992 100 — A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

1. Ph. c. sinensis.


Puffinus yelkouan B 1991 26 75 B B1ii, B3, C2Yelkouan Shearwater

Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1993 76 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6

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Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1991 26 75 C B1ii, C2, C6Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 13 45 C C2Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1994 50 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1992 6 — A C6Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 150 — C B3


Puffinus yelkouan B 1991 76 200 C B1ii, B3, C2, C6Yelkouan Shearwater

Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1994 52 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6


Calonectris diomedea B 1991 50 100 A C6Cory’s Shearwater

Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1991 50 100 C B1ii, C2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull B 1996 57 65 A A1, C1


Podiceps nigricollis W 1995 765 — A A4i, B1i, C3Black-necked Grebe

Puffinus yelkouan Yelkouan Shearwater B 1991 102 275 B A4ii, B1ii, B3, C2, C6Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1991 152 400 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6

1 Himantopus himantopus B 1996 79 135 A B1i, C2, C6Black-winged Stilt

Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover R 1996 273 — A B1i, B2, C3Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1996 268 — B A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 150 — C B3

1. Large decrease.

Cape Nonó– A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 309Isle of MuradaAdmin region BalearesCoordinates 39°05’N 1°22’EAltitude 0–368 m Area 1,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLimestone cliffs and small islets along Ibiza’s north-western coast.The dominant vegetation if Pinus halepensis woodland. The mainhuman activities are hunting and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Scrub, Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Tourism/recreation


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and Falco eleonorae.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are from tourism and spreading urban development,whilst marine species are affected by fishing practices. There is aproposal to declare the area a nature reserve. Larus cachinnans is culledannually. The IBA overlaps with a Natural Area of Special Interest(Els Amunts).

Tagomago island A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 310Admin region BalearesCoordinates 39°02’N 1°40’EAltitude 0–114 m Area 90 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA steep limestone islet close to Ibiza’s north-east coast, dominated bymaquis and coastal vegetation.

Habitats Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rockyshore)Land-use Not utilized (100%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and Falco eleonorae.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High90 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Isla de Tagomago,90 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Recreation/tourism (A),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are disturbance from tourism, hunting and ratpredation of breeding birds. Larus cachinnans is culled annually.The IBA overlaps with a Natural Area of Special Interest (Isla deTagomago).

Islets of Santa Eulalia, A1, B1ii, C1, C2, C6 311Redona and Es Canar (Ibiza)Admin region BalearesCoordinates 38°59’N 1°35’EAltitude 0–31 m Area 6 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionVery small rocky islets off the south-east coast of Ibiza.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets; caves)Land-use Not utilized (100%)





Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

The main threats are from high levels of disturbance from touristsduring the summer and predation of breeding birds by rats. There hasbeen an annual cull of Larus cachinnans since 1993. IBA overlaps witha Natural Area of Special Interest (Islotes de Ibiza y Formentera).

Saltpans of Ibiza and A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, 312Formentera and Freus isles B3, C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region BalearesCoordinates 38°49’N 1°28’EAltitude 0–159 m Area 2,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes working and abandoned saltpans, two lakes andseveral small islets. There are small areas of scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (35%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (5%; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (45%; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; shingle/stony beach; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (30%;open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (10%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets), Artificial landscape (30%; arable land; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture, Hunting (50%), Tourism/recreation (15%), Urban/industrial/transport (40%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds and waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial1,500 ha of IBA covered by Natural Reserve (Ses Salines de Ibiza,Formentera e Islas des Freus, 1,500 ha). 1,640 ha of IBA covered byRamsar Site (Salinas de Ibiza y Formentera, 1,640 ha). 1,179 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Islas de los Freus–Salinasde Ibiza y Formentera, 1,179 ha).

625



Puffinus yelkouan Yelkouan Shearwater B 1991 500 1,500 C A4ii, B1ii, B3, C2, C6Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 30 50 A B1i, C2Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 140 — C B3


Calonectris diomedea B 1993 85 180 B B2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Puffinus yelkouan Yelkouan Shearwater B 1996 150 250 B A4ii, B1ii, B3, C2, C6Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 11 25 B B3Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1996 1 1 A C6Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1994 188 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1994 218 218 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6


Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 72 210 B B1i, B3, C2, C6Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1993 20 30 A B3, C6Aegypius monachus R 1996 8 12 A A1, B1iii, B2, C1,

Cinereous Vulture C2, C6


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (C),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from disturbance by tourists and the poachingof Calonectris diomedea and Puffinus yelkouan chicks. Larus cachinnansis culled annually. The IBA overlaps with a Natural Area of SpecialInterest (Ses Salines).

Cape Barbaria A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B3, C2, C6 313Admin region BalearesCoordinates 38°40’N 1°23’EAltitude 0–90 m Area 100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionCoastal cliffs with higher areas dominated by scrub and small patchesof Pinus halepensis and Juniperus phoenicea forest. The southern areaof the cape has practically no vegetation. The main human activitiesare agriculture and hunting.

Habitats Scrub (40%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (60%; seacliff/rocky shore; caves)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Hunting (40%), Not utilized (60%)


An important site for breeding seabirds, particularly Puffinus yelkouan.



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Main threats are from very high hunting pressure, collection of Puffinusyelkouan chicks, illegal house building, disturbance from visitors, andpredation from introduced cats. Larus cachinnans colonies are culled.IBA overlaps with Natural Area of Special Interest (Cap de Barbaria).

La Mola of Formentera A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B3, 314Admin region Baleares C2, C3, C6Coordinates 38°40’N 1°28’EAltitude 0–200 m Area 1,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA peninsula in eastern Formentera with high coastal cliffs. The mainhuman activities are arable agriculture and hunting.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (15%; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (25%; sea cliff/rocky shore; caves), Artificial landscape(40%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture


An important site for breeding seabirds, particularly Puffinus yelkouan,and cliff-nesting raptors. Species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Larus audouinii (10 resident pairs).



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from widespread legal and illegal hunting,collection of Puffinus yelkouan chicks, illegal housing, predation fromferal cats, and disturbance from tourism. The IBA overlaps withNatural Area of Special Interest (Cala Compte–Cala Bassa).

Dragonera island–La Trapa A1, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, 315Admin region Baleares B1iii, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Coordinates 39°35’N 2°21’EAltitude 0–480 m Area 2,660 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn island close to Mallorca’s western tip, with very high limestonecliffs, dominated by Mediterranean scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (40%; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Marine areas (20%; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (10%;sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture


This is an important site for breeding seabirds, Falco eleonorae andmigrant passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial290 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Isla Dragonera, 290 ha).975 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Isla Dragonera–La Trapa, 975 ha).



The main threat is from increased tourism, disturbance to Larusaudouinii and occasional poaching of F. eleonorae. Larus cachinnansis culled annually.

Tramuntana mountains A1, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 316Admin region Baleares B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Coordinates 39°49’N 2°52’EAltitude 0–1,436 m Area 54,953 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site lies on the north-west coast of Mallorca, with high cliffs, islets,and inland mountains. Quercus and Pinus woodlands and maquisdominate. The site is extensively grazed by sheep and goats.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; mixed forest; broadleavedevergreen forest), Scrub (*; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (*; seacliff/rocky shore; scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Hunting (50%), Not utilized (30%)



Puffinus yelkouan Yelkouan Shearwater B 1991 853 1,400 C A4ii, B1ii, B3, C2, C6Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1995 50 60 A B1i, C2, C6Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1995 2,100 2,200 A A4i, B1i, C3Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 150 — C B3

626



Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1994 1 1 A C6Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 140 — C B3


Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle R 1993 20 25 B B2, C6Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1993 7 7 A C6Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1994 196 — A A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine B 1992 25 30 B B2, C6Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 150 — C B3

This is an important site for seabirds, raptors and passerines. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Larusaudouinii (20–30 resident pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial48,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Sierra deTramuntana de Mallorca, 48,000 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Forest grazing (C), Infrastructure (B), Other (A),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include disturbance from visitors, the use of poison baits,particularly a problem for Aegypius monachus, and poaching,particularly of Falco peregrinus and F. eleonorae (‘Other’ threats,above). Uncontrolled fires and overgrazing are also hazards. Coloniesof Larus cachinnans are culled. IBA overlaps with Natural Area ofSpecial Interest (Areas Naturales de la Serra de Tramuntana).

Cape Pinar B3, C6 317Admin region BalearesCoordinates 39°52’N 3°10’EAltitude 0–444 m Area 2,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small rocky peninsula in northern Mallorca with limestone cliffs anda small range of hills. The dominant vegetation is Mediterranean scruband Pinus woodland. Main human activities are military and tourism.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (30%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (20%; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Military (10%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


This is an important site for breeding coastal raptors, seabirds andspecies characteristic of Mediterranean scrub.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High2,500 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Cap des Pinar,2,500 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (C), Industrialization/urbanization (C)

The main threat is from uncontrolled fires. The IBA overlaps withNatural Area of Special Interest (La Victoria).

Albufera de Mallorca and A1, B1i, B2, B3, 318Albufereta de Pollença marshes C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region BalearesCoordinates 39°47’N 3°06’EAltitude 0–6 m Area 2,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo wetlands in northern Mallorca. The Albufera has a large coastallagoon connected to the sea but also areas of standing freshwater.There are extensive areas of marsh vegetation dominated byPhragmites, Scirpus and Cladium. There are also abandoned saltpans

and sand-dunes with Mediterranean scrub and Pinus forest. TheAlbufereta has open water and also areas of reedbed (Phragmites)and Tamarix scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; native coniferous forest), Wetland (80%; mudflat/sandflat; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Fisheries/aquaculture (10%), Hunting (10%), Natureconservation/research (90%)


This is a very important site for breeding, passage and winteringwaterbirds, raptors and passerines—190 bird species have beenrecorded. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Aythya nyroca (wintering).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High1,900 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (S’Albufera de Mallorca,1,900 ha). 1,700 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (S’Albufera deMallorca, 1,700 ha). 2,584 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (S’Albufera de Mallorca, 2,584 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from hunting in the Albufereta and urbanexpansion. The IBA overlaps with Natural Area of Special Interest(S’Albufereta).

Cape Freu–Cape Farrutx B1i, C2, C6 319Admin region BalearesCoordinates 39°45’N 3°26’EAltitude 0–432 m Area 500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rocky section of coast at the north-eastern tip of Mallorca withhigh limestone cliffs and Mediterranean scrub.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Tourism/recreation (10%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Larus audouinii(20–25 breeding pairs).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial80 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Cap des Freu–CapFarruch, 80 ha).

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Botaurus stellaris Bittern R 1994 1 10 B C6Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern R 1992 11 50 B C6Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron R 1994 11 11 A C6Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 1992 1 10 B C6Ardea purpurea Purple Heron R 1994 35 55 B C2, C6Oxyura leucocephala R 1994 3 8 A A1, B1i, B2, C1,

White-headed Duck C2, C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier R 1994 8 9 A C6Porzana porzana Spotted Crake B 1992 51 250 B B3, C2, C6Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Gallinule R 1993 8 10 B C6Himantopus himantopus B 1994 87 110 A C6

Black-winged StiltCharadrius alexandrinus R 1992 51 250 B B1i, B2, C3

Kentish PloverAcrocephalus melanopogon R 1992 1,000 — B C2, C6

Moustached Warbler

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 37 100 B B1i, C2, C6

1. Large decrease.

627



Himantopus himantopus B 1991 96 — A C6Black-winged Stilt

Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover B 1995 85 105 B B2Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1996 140 — C B3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 74 200 B B1i, B3, C2, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1993 220 — C B2Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1993 140 — — B3

1. Large decrease.


Puffinus yelkouan B 1993 80 100 B B1ii, B3, C2, C6Yelkouan Shearwater

Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1992 30 50 — C2, C6Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1994 20 50 B B1i, C2



Disturbance from anglers has caused the abandonment of a Larusaudouinii colony. L. cachinnans is culled annually. The IBA overlapswith Natural Area of Special Interest (Montañas de Arta).

Cape Vermell B1i, C2 320Admin region BalearesCoordinates 39°39’N 3°25’EAltitude 0–252 m Area 150 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small section of coast with limestone cliffs in eastern Mallorca.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (30%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (20%; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Not utilized (90%), Tourism/recreation (10%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial80 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Cap Vermell, 80 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats are known at the site. Larus cachinnans is culledannually. The IBA overlaps with Natural Area of Special Interest (CapVermell).

Salobrar de Campos lagoons– B2, B3, C6 321Sa VallAdmin region BalearesCoordinates 39°19’N 3°05’EAltitude 0–21 m Area 2,397 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA plain, at Mallorca’s southern tip, occupied by two small naturallagoons and some larger saltpans surrounded by Mediterranean scrub.There are also sand-dunes and some small islets. The main humanactivities are agriculture, hunting and salt production.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Scrub (20%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (20%; saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach; standing brackish and salt water), Rocky areas (rock stacks/islets),Artificial landscape (30%; arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Hunting (30%), Not utilized (20%), Tourism/recreation (10%),Urban/industrial/transport (20%)


This is an important wetland for breeding and wintering waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial900 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Lagunas delSalobrar de Campos-Playa d’es Trenc, 900 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The main threats are from illegal hunting, tourism, particularly off-road driving, and new urban development. The IBA overlaps withNatural Area of Special Interest (Es Trenc–Salobrar de Campos).

Coastal cliffs between B1i, B2, B3, C2, C6 322Cape Enderrocat and Cala PíAdmin region BalearesCoordinates 39°30’N 2°45’EAltitude 0–102 m Area 900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLimestone cliffs and a scrub-covered plain along the southern coastof Mallorca.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (50%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Grassland (20%; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland), Rocky areas (5%; sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape (20%; arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves; other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Hunting (80%), Military (5%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds, cliff-nesting speciesand species characteristic of coastal scrub.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial150 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Acantilados deCap Blanc y Cap Enderrocat, 150 ha).


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The most important threats to the site are from the development oftourism-related infrastructure, urban development, disturbance fromvisitors, and a high hunting pressure. The IBA overlaps with two NaturalAreas of National Interest (Cap Enderrocat and Marina de Llucmajor).

Coastal cliffs between isles B1i, B1ii, B3, C2, C6 323of Malgrats and Cala FigueraAdmin region BalearesCoordinates 39°30’N 2°30’EAltitude 0–64 m Area 440 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLimestone cliffs and several rocky islets in south-eastern Mallorca.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (20%; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Rocky areas (50%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Military (80%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


An important area for breeding seabirds. Species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Larus audouinii (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial100 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Islas Malgrats,Isla del Toro y Cap de Cala Figuera, 100 ha).


Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 26 75 B B1i, C2

628



Calonectris diomedea B 1996 400 500 A B1ii, B2, C2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Puffinus yelkouan B 1996 60 120 B B1ii, B3, C2, C6Yelkouan Shearwater

Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1996 300 500 B B1ii, B2, C2, C61 Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1995 85 85 A B1i, C2, C6Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1996 2 2 A C6Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1996 25 35 A A3, B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1996 8 10 A C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1995 381 381 A A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged Gull R 1996 1,300 1,700 B A4i, B1i, C3Sylvia sarda Marmora’s Warbler R 1995 315 361 A A3, B3Sylvia cantillans Subalpine Warbler B 1995 40 40 A A3Sylvia melanocephala R 1995 358 424 A A3

Sardinian Warbler

1. Large decrease.


Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1991 74 74 A B1i, C2, C61 Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 2 3 B C6Neophron percnopterus R 1992 13 15 B B2, C6

Egyptian VultureHieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle R 1996 20 35 B B2, C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1992 10 12 A C6

1. Large decrease.


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

Disturbance from anglers has caused the abandonment of a Larusaudouinii colony. Rats are a major threat to the breeding seabirds.L. cachinnans is culled annually. The IBA overlaps with Natural Areaof Special Interest (Cap de Cala Figuera).

Archipelago of Cabrera A1, A3, A4i, B1i, B1ii, 324Admin region Baleares B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6Coordinates 39°09’N 2°55’EAltitude 0–172 m Area 10,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small archipelago, to the south-east of Mallorca, formed by twomain islands and many rocky islets. Mediterranean scrub and smallPinus woodlands occur on the largest islands. The main humanactivities are military and fishing.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (70%; sclerophyllousscrub/garrigue/maquis), Marine areas (20%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Rockyareas (10%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets; inland cliff; caves), Artificiallandscape (1%; arable land)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (100%), Military (100%), Nature conservation/research (100%),Tourism/recreation (100%)



■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High10,000 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Archipielago de Cabrera,10,000 ha). 10,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Archipiélago de Cabrera, 10,000 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (C),Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Recreation/tourism (C)

The main threats are from predation of seabirds by introduced rats,disturbance from illegal fishing, and overgrazing by sheep on the mainisland. Larus cachinnans are culled annually.

North and east coasts of A1, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, 325Minorca and Island of Aire B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Admin region BalearesCoordinates 40°03’N 4°00’EAltitude 0–205 m Area 17,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site includes limestone, the Es Grao marshes and a coastal lagoon.The vegetation is mainly garrigue and maquis with Quercus ilex andPinus halepensis forest.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest), Scrub (30%;sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (10%; coastal lagoon), Rocky areas(10%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Agriculture (50%), Forestry (50%), Hunting (70%), Tourism/recreation (20%),Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


This is an important area for seabirds and coastal raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High1,947 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Albufera des Grau,1,947 ha). 17,900 ha of IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (Isla deMenorca Biosphere Reserve, 70,000 ha). 900 ha of IBA covered bySpecial Protection Area (Costa Norte de Menorca, 900 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (C), Infrastructure (A), Other (A), Recreation/tourism (C),Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include mass tourism, building, poisoning, particularly ofMilvus milvus (‘Other’ threats, above), and the erection of newpowerlines. A reduction in the rabbit Oryctolagus cunniculuspopulation has reduced prey availability for raptors. Nine Laruscachinnans colonies are culled annually. The IBA overlaps with sixNatural Areas of Special Interest.

Ravines and pinewoods B1i, B2, C2, C6 326in central MinorcaAdmin region BalearesCoordinates 40°00’N 4°05’EAltitude 0–357 m Area 30,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe IBA includes limestone cliffs along ravines, Pinus halepensis forest,garrigue and some cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (20%; sclerophyllous scrub/garrigue/maquis), Wetland (3%; sand-dunes/sand beach; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas(5%; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (15%; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (35%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; otherurban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (80%)


This is an important area for breeding raptors. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Falco naumanniand Larus audouinii (non-breeding).


Calonectris diomedea B 1995 500 1,500 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Puffinus yelkouan B 1995 300 — C A4ii, B1ii, B3, C2, C6Yelkouan Shearwater

Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shag R 1995 200 250 B B1i, B3, C2, C61 Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 8 8 A C6Neophron percnopterus R 1995 25 50 B B2, C2, C6

Egyptian VultureHieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle R 1995 10 — — C6Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1995 6 6 A C6Falco peregrinus Peregrine R 1995 10 20 B B2, C6Larus audouinii Audouin’s Gull R 1995 50 100 B A1, C1, C6

1. Large decrease.

629


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaBulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1987 185 210 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Calonectris diomedea B 1987 8,575 11,075 B A4ii, B1ii, B2, C2, C6

Cory’s ShearwaterPuffinus assimilis Little Shearwater B 1987 50 60 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Pelagodroma marina B 1987 10 15 B C6

White-faced PetrelHydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1987 340 540 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 1987 70 100 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Neophron percnopterus B 1988 3 4 B B2, C6

Egyptian VulturePandion haliaetus Osprey R 1995 2 3 B C6Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1988 66 100 B A4ii, B1iii, B2, C2, C6Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1996 6 — C B2Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 Abundant — B3


Calonectris diomedea B 1994 300 — C B2, C2Cory’s Shearwater

Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 1996 3 — C B2Neophron percnopterus B 1994 1 2 B B2, C6

Egyptian VulturePandion haliaetus Osprey R 1992 2 2 A C6Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1987 10 — C B2, C6Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1996 Abundant — B2, C6


Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1995 Abundant — B21 Falco eleonorae Eleonora’s Falcon B 1995 — — — C6Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1995 10 — C B2, C6

1. Probably breeds.



Threats Firewood collection (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A),Other (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The main threats are from poison baits (‘Other’ threats, above) andnew powerlines. A reduction in the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculuspopulation has reduced prey availability for raptors (‘Other’ threats,above). The IBA overlaps with three Natural Areas of Special Interest.

Lanzarote islets A4ii, B1ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 327Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°14’N 13°30’WAltitude 0–266 m Area 4,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of five rocky islands that support drought-resistantvegetation: La Graciosa (coordinates as above), Montaña Clara(29º17’N, 13º32’W), Roque del Este (29º18’N, 13º31’W), Roque delOeste (29º16’N, 13º20’W) and Alegranza (29º23’N, 13º30’W). Humanactivities are mainly related to conservation and research, and fishing.

Habitats Desert (semi-desert), Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach; shingle/stony beach),Rocky areas (*; rock stacks/islets; inland sand-dunes)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Nature conservation/research (100%)


The site holds some of the highest numbers of breeding seabirds andraptors in the Canaries.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial4,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Archipiélago Chinijo,9,112 ha). 165 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (LosIslotes, 165 ha). 1,722 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Islotes del Norte de Lanzarote y Riscos de Famara, 1,722 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Feral cats Felis catus, introduced rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus andillegal hunting pose the main threats to breeding birds. Some 2,000–3,000 Calonectris diomedea chicks are poached every year, whichimpacts heavily on the local population. The area is a game refuge.La Laguna University undertakes research work, and monitoring ofbird numbers is ongoing.

Famara crag B2, C2, C6 328Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°11’N 13°30’WAltitude 0–600 m Area 1,350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionHigh sea cliffs on Lanzarote with accumulations of landslide and

erosion debris at the base of many sectors. The cliffs support drought-resistant vegetation. Human activities include fishing and tourism,and there is a designated military zone.

Habitats Desert (semi-desert), Wetland (saltmarsh; sand-dunes/sand beach), Rocky areas(*; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Military, Tourism/recreation


The site is important for breeding seabirds and raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High1,350 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Archipiélago Chinijo,9,112 ha). 1,350 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Islotesdel Norte de Lanzarote y Riscos de Famara, 1,722 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are posed by urbanization, electric powerlines,disturbance caused to birds such as Falco pelegrinoides by recreationand tourism, and illegal hunting. Introduced rats Rattus and feral catsFelis catus also pose problems for breeding birds. The area is a gamerefuge, and only rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus can be hunted. Thelocal government ran several marine bird conservation campaignsbetween 1992 and 1996.

Haría–Tabayesco B2, C6 329Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°08’N 13°29’WAltitude 100–581 m Area 2,350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of scrub, steppe-grassland and agricultural land situated inthe north of Lanzarote, and interspersed with several urbandevelopments.

Habitats Scrub (*), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (inlandcliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; forestry plantation; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is important for breeding steppic species and seabirds, andfor migrant passerines. The area also provides feeding opportunitiesfor raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None40 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Archipiélago Chinijo, 9,112 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

Gravel extraction, urban expansion and illegal hunting pose threatsto the site.

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Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1995 10 — C B2, C6


Alectoris barbara R 1995 10 — C B2, C6Barbary Partridge

Chlamydotis undulata R 1995 72 82 B B2, C2, C6Houbara Bustard

Burhinus oedicnemus R 1995 5 — C B2, C6Stone Curlew

Cursorius cursor R 1995 Common — B2, C6Cream-coloured Courser

Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — B3

Tenegüime gully B2, C6 330Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°05’N 13°29’WAltitude 100–400 m Area 421 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA gully with scrub, drought-resistant grassland, exposed bedrock andinland cliffs situated in the north-east of Lanzarote. Human activitiesinclude goat-grazing.

Habitats Scrub (*), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas(inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*)


The site is also important for breeding seabirds and raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None421 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape (Tenegüime, 421 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Threats are posed by the presence of people taking part in open-airsports (climbing has the highest impact), and the poaching ofCalonectris diomedea chicks (more than 70% of chicks are capturedevery year).

Plains of La Corona– B2, B3, C2, C6 331Las HondurasAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°02’N 13°30’WAltitude 0–235 m Area 3,470 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA steppic area in the north-east of Lanzarote with scrub, drought-resistant grassland and saltpans. Human activities include cattle-grazing, and there is a designated military zone.

Habitats Scrub (*), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (standingbrackish and salt water), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Military, Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is one of the best sites in Lanzarote for Chlamydotis undulataand other steppic species. The saltpans provide habitat for migratingand wintering waders and gulls (Laridae).



Threats Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Threats include electric powerlines, jeep-safaris that cause disturbanceto breeding birds, illegal hunting and poaching of Chlamydotisundulata chicks. The area is a game refuge.

Famara sandy plain B2, B3, C2, C6 332Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°06’N 13°36’WAltitude 0–339 m Area 5,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA sandy landscape comprising scrub, drought-resistant grassland androcky habitats located in the north of Lanzarote. Goat-grazing is themain human activity.

Habitats Scrub (*), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (*; inlandsand-dunes), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is important for Chlamydotis undulata and other steppicspecies.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None1,900 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Archipiélago Chinijo,9,112 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (A), Extraction industry (B),Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (A)

Goat-grazing, gravel extraction, electric powerlines and disturbanceto birds caused by safaris are the most important threats to the site.The area is a game refuge, and the local government has undertakenfive censuses of Chlamydotis undulata since 1978.

El Mojón B2, C6 333Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 29°00’N 13°48’WAltitude 0–64 m Area 60 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSea cliffs and lava-fields (‘malpaís’) in the west of Lanzarote thatsupport semi-desertic vegetation. There is no relevant human activity,other than some fishing.

Habitats Desert (*; semi-desert), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets;caves)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture


The site is important for breeding seabirds and some steppicspecies.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High


Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1988 Abundant — B2Alectoris barbara R 1995 6 — B B2

Barbary PartridgeChlamydotis undulata R 1995 28 44 B B2, C2, C6

Houbara BustardBurhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 Common — B2, C6Cursorius cursor R 1995 Common — B2, C6

Cream-coloured CourserCalandrella rufescens R 1995 Common — B2

Lesser Short-toed LarkAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — B3


Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1994 10 15 B B2Calonectris diomedea B 1994 650 750 B B2, C6

Cory’s ShearwaterOceanodroma castro B 1994 Frequent — B2

Madeiran PetrelAlectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1995 Common — B2

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Himantopus himantopus B 1995 5 10 B C6Black-winged Stilt

Cursorius cursor R 1995 2 — C B2Cream-coloured Courser

Charadrius alexandrinus R 1995 34 34 A B2Kentish Plover

Calandrella rufescens R 1995 Common — B2Lesser Short-toed Lark


Calonectris diomedea B 1987 1,000 2,000 A A4ii, B1ii, B2, C2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Puffinus assimilis Little Shearwater B 1987 20 30 A B1ii, B2, C2, C6Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1987 20 30 A B1ii, B2, C2, C6Oceanodroma castro B 1987 5 — C B2, C6

Madeiran PetrelCharadrius alexandrinus R 1995 16 22 A B2

Kentish Plover


Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1987 10 — C B21 Chlamydotis undulata R 1995 20 20 A B2, C2, C6

Houbara BustardCursorius cursor R 1995 Common — B2

Cream-coloured CourserPterocles orientalis R 1995 Frequent — C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — B3Bucanetes githagineus R 1995 Common — B2, C6

Trumpeter Finch

1. Small decrease over last 20 years.

35 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Timanfaya, 5,107 ha). 25 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (La Geria, 15,189 ha). 35 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Parque Nacional deTimanfaya, 5,107 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Introduced rats Rattus and feral cats Felis catus impact on numbersof Calonectris diomedea. Tourists camping on the beaches disturbseabirds, and illegal hunting is also a problem.

Janubio saltpans B2, C6 334Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°55’N 13°50’WAltitude 0–40 m Area 169 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises saltpans, lagoons, sand and shingle beaches, and asmall area of steppe, on Lanzarote. Human activities includeexploitation of the saltpans.

Habitats Wetland (*; saltmarsh; shingle/stony beach; standing brackish and salt water)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport (*)


This site is important for breeding and wintering waterbirds. It isalso one of the best sites in the Canary Islands for migrant waders,both in terms of the variety of species present and the numbers ofindividuals.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High169 ha of IBA covered by Site of Scientific Interest (Janubio, 169 ha).157 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Salinas de Janubio,157 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Threats include feral cats Felis catus that prey upon birds at night, thedumping of car oil into the lagoon (‘Other’ threat), and disturbanceto birds caused by uncontrolled recreation and tourism. The area is agame refuge, and the local government undertook a census of winteringbirds during 1993 and 1994.

Plains of Mareta– B2, B3, C2, C6 335Hoya de la YeguaAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°54’N 13°50’WAltitude 0–100 m Area 3,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of scrub, steppe-grassland and sea cliffs on the south-west tipof Lanzarote. Human activities include livestock-farming andresidential use.

Habitats Scrub, Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (*; semi-desert),Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting (*), Military, Tourism/recreation (*)


This is an important area for Chlamydotis undulata and other steppicbirds.



Threats Extraction industry (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Threats include soil extraction, habitat fragmentation due to new roadsand powerlines, and disturbance to birds caused by jeep-safaris. Thearea is a game refuge. The local government has undertaken fourcensuses of Chlamydotis undulata since 1979, and monitoring of theimpacts of electric powerlines on birds takes place.

Island of Lobos A4ii, B1ii, B2, C2, C6 336Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°45’N 13°49’WAltitude 0–127 m Area 468 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionIsland situated off the north coast of Fuerteventura, with lava fieldsand some sandy areas. Human activities include fishing and tourism.

Habitats Scrub, Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland (*; sand-dunes/sand beach), Marineareas (*; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (*; rock stacks/islets; inlandsand-dunes)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is very important for seabirds, and also for raptors and somesteppic species. The coastline provides feeding opportunities formigrating herons (Ardeidae), waders and gulls (Laridae).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High468 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Isla de Lobos, 468 ha). 468 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Dunas de Corralejo e Islade Lobos, 2,482 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include feral cats Felis catus preying upon breeding seabirds,disturbance to birds and habitat degradation caused by the c.100people that visit the island every day, and poaching of Calonectrisdiomedea. The area is a game reserve. In 1992 the local governmentundertook a cat cull, and a census of Chlamydotis undulata followedin 1995.

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Chlamydotis undulata R 1995 20 24 A B2, C2, C6Houbara Bustard

Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 Common — B2, C6Cursorius cursor R 1995 10 15 B B2, C2, C6

Cream-coloured CourserAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — B3


Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — A2Saxicola dacotiae R 1994 20 — C A1, A2, B2, C1,

Fuerteventura Chat C2, C6Bucanetes githagineus R 1995 Common — B2, C6

Trumpeter Finch


Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1988 Abundant — B2Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat R 1995 Common — A1, B2, C1


Neophron percnopterus R 1988 Frequent — B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1988 50 — B B2Chlamydotis undulata R 1995 124 124 A B2, C2, C6

Houbara BustardBurhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1988 10 — B B2, C6Cursorius cursor R 1994 10 15 B B2, C2, C6

Cream-coloured CourserPterocles orientalis R 1994 40 — B B2, C6


Sandy plain of Corralejo B2, B3, C2, C6 337Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°41’N 13°48’WAltitude 0–312 m Area 2,668 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionInland sand-dunes and sand beaches on the north-east coast ofFuerteventura. Human activities include sport boating.

Habitats Scrub, Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland (*; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastallagoon), Rocky areas (*; inland sand-dunes)Land-use Agriculture, Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is important for breeding steppic species and wintering andmigrating waders. The area also supports breeding Calonectrisdiomedea and Charadrius alexandrinus.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International Partial2,668 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Corralejo, 2,668 ha). 600 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Dunas de Corralejo e Islade Lobos, 2,482 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

Threats include bird collisions with electric powerlines, anddisturbance caused to both breeding and wintering birds by tourists.A road follows the coastline, hampering the natural landwardmovement of coastal sand-dunes. The area is a game reserve, and thelocal government has undertaken five censuses of Chlamydotis undulatasince 1979.

Morro Tabaiba–Morro A1, A2, B2, 338de los Rincones-Vallebrón C1, C2, C6mountainsAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°34’N 13°52’WAltitude 250–527 m Area 1,150 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in a mountainous area in the north of Fuerteventura,Vallebrón is a large valley with steep slopes and terracing in places.Scrub and drought-resistant grassland are interspersed with arableland. Human activities include goat-grazing.

Habitats Scrub (*), Grassland (*), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


One of the most important areas on Fuerteventura for Saxicoladacotiae.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Infrastructure (C), Unsustainableexploitation (C)

Overgrazing, electric powerlines and illegal hunting are the mostimportant threats to this area.

Río Cabras gully A1, B2, C1 339Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°28’N 13°54’WAltitude 20–160 m Area 100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLocated in the east of Fuerteventura, this is a good example of thedeep rocky gullies found in the eastern Canary Islands, with runningwater and areas of dense vegetation including a Tamarix canariensiscopse. Human activities include goat-grazing.

Habitats Scrub, Wetland (river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Rocky areas (inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture (*), Hunting


The site is important for breeding Saxicola dacotiae, and also supportswintering and migrating waders and passerines.



Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C),Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

High goat numbers adversely affect the vegetation. Domestic wastedisposal results in an increase in the rat Rattus population, leading toincreased predation of breeding birds. Electric powerlines, disturbancecaused by people, and illegal hunting pose additional threats.

Cuchillete de Buenavista– A1, A2, B2, B3, 340gully of La Torre– C1, C2, C6Los AlaresAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°24’N 13°50’WAltitude 0–416 m Area 7,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises a mountainous area with rocky plains, and includesa gully with running water, and saltpans and sea cliffs at the coast.Scrub, drought-resistant grassland and crops all occur. Humanactivities include cattle-grazing.

Habitats Scrub, Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (semi-desert),Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Hunting (*), Tourism/recreation


633


Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaApus unicolor Plain Swift R 1995 Frequent — A2, B3Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 Abundant — A2, B3Saxicola dacotiae R 1995 Common — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6

Fuerteventura ChatBucanetes githagineus R 1995 Common — B2, C6

Trumpeter FinchSpecies Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Calonectris diomedea B 1987 Abundant — B2Cory’s Shearwater

Saxicola dacotiae R 1995 20 — C A1, B2, C1, C2, C6Fuerteventura Chat


Charadrius alexandrinus R 1995 60 — B B2Kentish Plover

An important area for raptors, El Cuchillete de Buenavista holds thelargest number of breeding Neophron percnopterus in the Canaries. It isalso the most important area on Fuerteventura for Pterocles orientalis.The coast and saltpans support wintering and migrating waders.



Threats Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

The main threat is posed by tourism (for example, jeep-safaris).Additional threats include bird collisions with electric powerlines, thepossible construction of an aerodrome and illegal hunting. Fivecensuses of Chlamydotis undulata have been undertaken since 1979,and bird collisions with powerlines are monitored.

Pozo Negro mountain–Vigán A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 341Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°18’N 13°55’WAltitude 0–460 m Area 8,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous coastal area in the south-east of Fuerteventura, withdispersed scrub vegetation. Human activities include livestock-grazing.

Habitats Scrub, Desert (*; semi-desert), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is important for breeding raptors and for Calonectris diomedea.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial5,800 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Cuchillos de Vigan,6,090 ha). 4,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (PozoNegro, 9,237 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

Threats include overgrazing, disturbance to birds by tourists, andillegal hunting.

Tarajalejo mountain range A1, B2, C1, C2, C6 342Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°12’N 14°05’WAltitude 0–464 m Area 2,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area of inland cliffs and exposed bedrock, with seacliffs at the coast. The landscape supports drought-resistant scrub andcrops, and goat-farming and tourism are the main land-uses.

Habitats Scrub, Desert (semi-desert), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Tourism/recreation


The site holds an important population of Calonectris diomedea.



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Recreation/tourism (B)

The main threats are tourist activities, which can cause disturbance tobirds and habitat degradation, and the effects of introduced ratsRattus, cats Felis catus, goats Capra hircus, and sheep.

Sotavento beach B2, C7 343Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°08’N 14°14’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 450 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLocated in the south of Fuerteventura, the site comprises a stretch ofsandy beach and a line of sandy, muddy offshore bars. Humanactivities include sand extraction.

Habitats Desert (semi-desert), Wetland (*; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach;coastal lagoon)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*), Urban/industrial/transport


The site is very important for breeding Charadrius alexandrinus, andis one of the best sites in the Canaries for wintering and migratingwaders, gulls and terns.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial370 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Jandía, 14,318 ha). 370 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Jandía, 2,754 ha).


Threats Extraction industry (A), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (A)

Residential and tourism developments pose a threat to the habitatand its birds.

Peninsula of Jandía A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 344Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°05’N 14°20’WAltitude 0–807 m Area 12,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rugged semi-arid massif located on the southern tip ofFuerteventura, which includes the highest peak on the island. Theplains support drought-resistant scrub vegetation and include sandyareas. Human activities include stock-farming, sport boating andresidential usage.


Calonectris diomedea B 1987 300 — C B2, C2Cory’s Shearwater

Neophron percnopterus R 1988 10 — A B2, C6Egyptian Vulture

Cursorius cursor R 1995 Common — B2Cream-coloured Courser

Saxicola dacotiae R 1995 Common — A1, B2, C1, C6Fuerteventura Chat

634


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaCalonectris diomedea B 1987 Common — B2

Cory’s ShearwaterFalco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1988 60 — B B2Chlamydotis undulata R 1994 8 — C B2

Houbara BustardCursorius cursor R 1995 4 — C B2

Cream-coloured CourserPterocles orientalis R 1995 Common — C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — B3Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat R 1995 Abundant — A1, B2, C1, C6Bucanetes githagineus R 1995 Common — B2, C6

Trumpeter Finch


Chlamydotis undulata R 1995 24 24 A B2, C2, C6Houbara Bustard

Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 10 — C B2, C6Cursorius cursor R 1994 30 40 B B2, C2, C6

Cream-coloured CourserPterocles orientalis R 1995 Common — C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Abundant — B3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaNeophron percnopterus R 1994 1 2 A B2, C6

Egyptian VultureAlectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1995 10 — B B2, C6Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 6 — B C6Apus unicolor Plain Swift R 1995 Common — A2, B3Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Common — A2Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat R 1995 10 — C A1, A2, B2, C1, C6Bucanetes githagineus Trumpeter Finch R 1995 Common — B2, C6

Habitats Scrub, Grassland (*), Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach),Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff; inland sand-dunes), Artificiallandscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Hunting, Tourism/recreation, Urban/industrial/transport


One of the most important areas on Fuerteventura for Saxicoladacotiae. The IBA is also important for raptors and steppic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial10,300 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Jandía, 14,318 ha). 116 haof IBA covered by Site of Scientific Interest (Playa del Matorral,116 ha). 2,500 ha of site covered by Special Protection Area (Jandía,2,754 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (B), Extraction industry (C), Industrialization/urbanization (C),Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The abandonment of stock-farming reduces feeding opportunities forsome birds (for example, Corvus corax and Neophron percnopterus),and allows vegetation to recover, resulting in a loss of habitat forsteppic species (for example, Chlamydotis undulata). Additional threatsare posed by new residential developments and electric powerlines,disturbance to birds caused by tourists and illegal hunting. Fivecensuses of C. undulata have been undertaken since 1979.

Isthmus of Jandía sandy plain B2, B3, C2, C6 345Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°09’N 14°16’WAltitude 0–300 m Area 3,900 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive sandy plain in the south of Fuerteventura that supportssalt-tolerant and drought-resistant scrub vegetation. Human activitiesinclude goat-grazing.

Habitats Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland (*; sand-dunes/sand beach), Rocky areas(*; inland sand-dunes), Artificial landscape (other urban/industrial areas)Land-use Agriculture (*), Tourism/recreation


The site is important for breeding steppic species and is a stopoversite for migrating herons, raptors and passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial

1,800 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Jandía, 14,318 ha). 1,800 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Jandía, 2,754 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B),Infrastructure (A), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The uncontrolled development of wind-farms, electric powerlinesand new roads poses a major threat to both habitats and fauna. Someof this development is for tourism, with jeep-safaris an additionalthreat. Feral cats are also a problem. The area is a game refuge, andthe local government has undertaken six censuses of Chlamydotisundulata since 1979.

Gully of Ajuí–Betancuria A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6 346Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°23’N 14°10’WAltitude 0–292 m Area 700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe gully of Ajuí is located in the west of Fuerteventura, and holdsrunning water, scrub, grassland, agricultural land and small copses ofTamarix. Betancuria is a mountainous area, semi-desertic with sparsevegetation. Human activities include goat-grazing.

Habitats Scrub, Desert (semi-desert), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff),Artificial landscape (*; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*), Water management


The site is one of the most important sites on the island for breedingSaxicola dacotiae, raptors and steppic species, and is also importantas a stop-over site for migrating passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High700 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Betancuria, 16,544 ha). 700 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Betancuria, 15,538 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (C), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Dredging/canalization (B),Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The construction of water infrastructure, dredging and canalization,electric powerlines, disturbance to birds by tourists, and illegal huntingare the main threats to the site. Overgrazing is also a problem, andintroduced rats Rattus, feral cats Felis catus, and dogs pose a threatto breeding birds. A portion of the site is a game refuge.

Los Molinos gully– A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 347Plain of La LagunaAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°32’N 14°05’WAltitude 0–323 m Area 1,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA dammed valley (Los Molinos gully) and a stony plain (Plain of LaLaguna) situated in the north-west of Fuerteventura. Dry calcareousgrassland and drought-resistant scrub exist with crops and a small copseof Tamarix canariensis. Human activities include livestock-farming(dromedaries Camelus dromedarius and goats).

635



Chlamydotis undulata Houbara Bustard R 1995 6 6 A B2Cursorius cursor R 1995 Frequent — B2

Cream-coloured CourserApus unicolor Plain Swift R 1995 — — — B3Calandrella rufescens R 1995 — — — B2

Lesser Short-toed LarkAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 Abundant — B3Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat R 1995 10 — C A1, B2, C1, C6


Calonectris diomedea Cory’s Shearwater B 1987 Frequent — B2Neophron percnopterus R 1995 2 2 B B2, C6

Egyptian Vulture


Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1996 5 — B C6Charadrius alexandrinus R 1995 47 — B B2

Kentish PloverSaxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura Chat R 1996 Common — A1, B2, C1

Habitats Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (*; semi-desert), Wetland(river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Military, Tourism/recreation (*), Water management


The plain supports breeding steppic species (very important forChlamydotis undulata); the valley is important for wintering andmigrating aquatic birds (herons, waders and ducks).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial915 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Betancuria, 16,544 ha). 915 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Betancuria, 15,538 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The main threats are overgrazing, disturbance to birds caused bytourists and illegal hunting (especially on the reservoir).

Coast of Esquinzo– B2, C6 348Puertito de Los MolinosAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°35’N 14°05’WAltitude 0–50 m Area 250 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSea cliffs along the western coast of Fuerteventura.

Habitats Marine areas (sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rockyshore; inland cliff)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site also holds breeding Apus unicolor and Corvus corax.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial30 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Betancuria, 16,544 ha). 30 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Betancuria, 15,538 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Disturbance caused by tourists and fishermen, and illegal hunting arethe main threats to the site.

Lajares sandy plain– B2, B3, C2, C6 349Cotillo–EzquinzoAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°38’N 13°58’WAltitude 0–308 m Area 6,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive semi-desertic rocky plain holding salt-tolerant and

drought-resistant scrub, with sandy areas, hills, gullies and smallpatches of arable land. Human activities include cattle-grazing andmilitary manoeuvres.

Habitats Scrub, Desert (*; semi-desert), Rocky areas (*; inland sand-dunes), Artificiallandscape (arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Military, Tourism/recreation


One of the most important areas in Fuerteventura for Chlamydotisundulata and other steppic birds. Areas of arable land provide habitatfor migrating and wintering passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International Partial2,700 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Lajares,2,700 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Extraction industry (C),Industrialization/urbanization (B), Infrastructure (C), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Threats include overgrazing, urban development and infrastructureimprovements related to tourism, and disturbance to birds caused bymilitary activity (‘Other’ threat) and tourism (for example, jeep-safaris). The area is a game refuge. The local government hasundertaken six censuses of Chlamydotis undulata since 1979, and isimplementing a recovery plan for this species.

Coast between Corralejo A1, B2, C1, C6 350and TostónAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°45’N 13°55’WAltitude 0–40 m Area 530 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSand-dunes, beaches and rock stacks located along the northern coastof Fuerteventura. Human activities include fishing and tourism.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Desert (semi-desert), Wetland (*; sand-dunes/sand beach;shingle/stony beach)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


This site is also important for wintering herons, waders and otherwaterbirds.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Industrialization/urbanization (B), Recreation/tourism (B)


Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1995 10 — B B2Chlamydotis undulata R 1995 44 46 B B2, C2, C6

Houbara BustardBurhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1995 Common — C6Cursorius cursor R 1994 15 20 B B2, C2, C6

Cream-coloured CourserPterocles orientalis R 1995 Frequent — C6

Black-bellied SandgrouseCalandrella rufescens R 1995 Abundant — B2

Lesser Short-toed LarkAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 Abundant — B3

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Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover R 1995 20 20 A B2


Dendrocopos major R 1996 Common — C6Great Spotted Woodpecker

1 Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1996 — — — B2

1. Extinct – to be reintroduced.


Dendrocopos major R 1995 Common — C6Great Spotted Woodpecker

Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1995 Rare — B2


Dendrocopos major R 1996 Abundant — C6Great Spotted Woodpecker

Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1995 — — — A21 Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1996 84 150 A A1, A2, B2, C1,

C2, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Frequent — A2, B3

1. Large decrease over last 20 years.

Threats include degradation of the habitat through rubbish disposal,and disturbance caused to birds by tourism and marine sports.

Coast between Arinaga B2, c7 351and Castillo del RomeralAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 27°48’N 15°25’WAltitude 0–20 m Area 1,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA stretch of coast comprising mudflats and sandflats, sand and shingle-beaches, rock stacks and brackish standing water. High levels ofindustrial activity occur adjacent to the northern tip of the site.

Habitats Grassland, Wetland (*; shingle/stony beach; coastal lagoon), Artificiallandscape (ruderal land)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*), Urban/industrial/transport (*)


The most important area on Gran Canaria for wintering and migratingbirds, especially herons and waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Low83 ha of IBA covered by Site of Scientific Interest (Juncalillo del Sur,192 ha). 83 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Juncalillodel Sur, 179 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Filling-in of wetlands (B), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Tourist activity (for example, cars being driven on beaches andwindsurfing), illegal hunting, fishing and industrial activity causedisturbance and destroy habitats. The building of a new commercialharbour in Arinaga will have a high impact on littoral dynamics. Thesection of the site that runs from Arinaga saltplant to Formas Bay isa game reserve.

Tirajana pine woodland B2, C6 352Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 27°55’N 15°35’WAltitude 600–1,400 m Area 3,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionArid Pinus canariensis forest located in the south of Gran Canaria.Regeneration is very slow due to low humidity, and undergrowth issparse. Human activities include stock-farming and forestry practices.

Habitats Forest and woodland (100%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (scrub)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Hunting


One of the priority areas to be improved as part of the Fringilla teydeaconservation programme, which provides for the release of captive-bred individuals.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High3,600 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Pilancones, 5,794 ha).3,600 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Ayagaures yPilancones, 10,166 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Burning of vegetation (A), Naturalevents (C)

Forest-fires (both natural and man-made) are a major threat.Overgrazing by feral goats Capra hircus restricts vegetationregeneration. A conservation programme for Fringilla teydea polatzekihas run since 1991 (with LIFE funding in 1995 and 1996).

Tauro pine woodland B2, C6 353Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 27°54’N 15°41’WAltitude 700–1,200 m Area 800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of regenerating arid Pinus canariensis forest located in thesouth-west of Gran Canaria. Human activities include livestock-farming and the collection of pine-needles for use in cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (100%; native coniferous forest), Scrub (scrub)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*)


This is one of the priority areas to be improved for Fringilla teydeaunder the conservation programme. The species no longer breeds inthe site, and reintroductions will take place.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial500 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Tauro, 1,256 ha).550 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Macizo de Tauro,1,179 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Other (C)

Forest fires pose the major threat. A conservation programme forFringilla teydea polatzeki has run since 1991 (with LIFE funding in1995 and 1996).

Pajonales, Ojeda, Inagua A1, A2, B2, B3, 354and La Data pine woodlands C1, C2, C6Admin region Las PalmasCoordinates 27°56’N 15°41’WAltitude 850–1,500 m Area 3,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionArid Pinus canariensis forest located in the west of Gran Canaria.Human activities include stock-farming, the collection of pine-needlesfor use in cultivation, and conservation/education.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (scrub), Artificiallandscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Nature conservation/research (*)


The site is the most important area for Fringilla teydea polatzeki.

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Apus unicolor Plain Swift R 1996 Frequent — A2Dendrocopos major R 1996 Common — C6

Great Spotted WoodpeckerAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 — — — A2

1 Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1996 1 3 B A2, B2, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 — — — A2



Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1987 300 — B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Puffinus assimilis Little Shearwater B 1987 20 — B B2, C6Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 1987 100 — B B1ii, B2, C2, C6


Columba bollii R 1996 Abundant — A1, B2, C1Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Columba junoniae R 1996 Rare — A1, C1White-tailed Laurel Pigeon

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High3,700 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Inagua,3,920 ha). 3,700 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Ojeda,Inagua, Pajonales y La Data, 3,742 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Natural events (C), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (C)

Forest fires (both natural and man-made) are a major threat. Feralgoats Capra hircus adversely affect the vegetation, and feral catsFelis catus prey upon Fringilla teydea. A Conservation Programmefor F. teydea polatzeki has run since 1991 (with LIFE funding in 1995and 1996). There is an interpretation centre and an educationalprogramme for schools. The area is a game refuge.

Tamadaba A2, B2, C6 355pine woodlandAdmin region Las PalmasCoordinates 28°03’N 15°41’WAltitude 400–1,400 m Area 3,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionHeterogeneous Pinus canariensis forest situated in the north-west ofGran Canaria. The most humid areas exhibit great floristic richness.Human activities include hunting and the collection of pine-needlesfor use in cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (heathland), Artificiallandscape (forestry plantation)Land-use Forestry (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation


This is one of the priority areas to be improved for Fringilla teydeaunder the conservation programme (with LIFE funding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High810 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Roque Nublo, 26,307 ha).2,600 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Tamadaba, 7,538 ha).3,200 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Tamadaba,8,010 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Forest fires and massive and uncontrolled human presence threatenthe IBA. The local government has run a conservation programmefor Fringilla teydea polatzeki since 1991.

Anaga rocky islets B1ii, B2, C2, C6 356Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°36’N 16°10’WAltitude 0–180 m Area 10 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo rocky islets (Roque de Dentro and Roque de Fuera) located offthe north-eastern tip of Tenerife, which support drought-resistant andsalt-tolerant vegetation. A copse of dragon’s blood tree Dracaena dracoexists on one of the islets. Human activities include gathering shellfishand boating.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Hunting, Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is very important for breeding seabirds, and holds the largestBulweria bulwerii breeding colony in the Canary Islands.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High10 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Anaga, 14,119 ha). 10 ha ofIBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Roques de Anaga, 10 ha).10 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Anaga, 14,119 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (U)

The main threat is disturbance caused to birds by fishermen, peoplegathering shellfish, tourism and illegal hunting.

San Andrés, Pijaral A1, B2, C1 357and Anaga mountainsAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°34’N 16°10’WAltitude 550–900 m Area 860 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLaurel Laurus forest in the north-east of Tenerife, ranging fromdegraded and exploited areas to areas with a well-developed treecanopy (the forest in Pijaral is one of the best conserved in the CanaryIslands). The cutting of branches for use in tomato/banana cultivationis an important human activity.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub;heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arableland; forestry plantation)Land-use Forestry (*), Nature conservation/research (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is important for both endemic Columba species as well as forother forest passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High860 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Anaga, 14,119 ha). 250 ha ofIBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Pijaral, 301 ha). 860 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Anaga, 14,119 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Groundwater abstraction (C), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are forest fires, which can have a very high impacton habitat and bird numbers, predation by rats Rattus of Columbaeggs and chicks, and illegal hunting. Tourism can cause disturbanceto breeding birds and degradation of the forest. Groundwaterabstraction limits water availability, making birds vulnerable tohunters when they congregate at the few remaining drinking sites.The area is a game reserve, and a management plan exists for the site.Various studies have been undertaken on the biology, distribution,ecology and conservation of the two Columba species.

638



Columba bollii R 1995 Abundant — A1, B2, C1Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon


Serinus canaria Canary R 1995 Abundant — B3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Calandrella rufescens R 1995 25 40 A B2




Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1996 20 — A B2, C6

Las Vueltas, Aguas Negras A1, B2, B3, C1 358and Quebradas mountainsAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°32’N 16°12’WAltitude 350–900 m Area 450 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionWell-conserved laurel Laurus forest and inland cliffs in the north-eastof Tenerife, with a well-developed tree canopy.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub;heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Forestry (*), Tourism/recreation


The site is important for forest passerines, especially for Columba bollii.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High450 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Anaga, 14,119 ha). 450 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Anaga, 14,119 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Groundwater abstraction (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (A),Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Forest fires, the cutting of branches (for use in tomato/bananacultivation), and hunting have a great impact on Columba numbersand habitat. The main threat to these species, however, comes fromrats Rattus, which prey mainly on C. junoniae. Disturbance fromtourism, and predation by feral cats Felis catus, can also adversely affectnumbers. Groundwater abstraction limits water availability, makingbirds vulnerable to hunters when they congregate at the few remainingdrinking sites. Various studies have been undertaken on the biology,distribution, ecology and conservation of the two Columba species.

Las Mercedes, Mina y Yedra, A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 359Aguirre, La Goleta, andPedro Alvarez mountainsAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°32’N 16°18’WAltitude 400–1,000 m Area 2,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLaurel Laurus forest in the north-east of Tenerife, ranging fromdegraded and exploited areas to areas with a well-developed treecanopy. Human activities include the cutting of branches for use intomato/banana cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub; heathland), Wetland(river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Forestry (*), Tourism/recreation


The site is important for both endemic Columba species (numbers ofC. junoniae are low) as well as for other forest passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High2,000 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Anaga, 14,119 ha). 2,000 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Anaga, 14,119 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (C), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Groundwater abstraction (B), Intensified forest management (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are forest fires, predation by rats Rattus of eggs,chicks and sometimes adults of both Columba species, and illegalhunting. Tourism and recreation cause disturbance to breeding birdsand degradation of the forest. Groundwater abstraction limits wateravailability, making birds vulnerable to hunters when they congregateat the few remaining drinking sites. The area is a game reserve, and amanagement plan exists for the site. Various studies have beenundertaken on the biology, distribution, ecology and conservation ofthe two Columba species.

Los Rodeos–La Esperanza B2 360Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°28’N 16°21’WAltitude 510–960 m Area 1,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of grassland, scrub and agricultural land located in north-east Tenerife, bordered by a residential area and the airport.

Habitats Scrub (*; scrub), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Artificial landscape(*; arable land; forestry plantation; other urban/industrial areas), Introduced/exotic vegetationLand-use Agriculture (70%), Military (5%), Urban/industrial/transport (25%)


The only site for Calandrella rufescens rufescens in the Canaries and thebest area on Tenerife for grassland species. The site is also a winteringand stop-over site for herons, waders and passerines and a feeding sitefor species that breed nearby (mainly raptors and passerines).



Threats Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Plans exist for the construction of an industrial area and a road thatwill traverse the site. Additional threats are posed by illegal hunting,and bird strikes on nearby roads. Monitoring of Calandrella rufescensis undertaken by local ornithologists.

La Playa islet B2, C6 361Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°26’N 16°29’WAltitude 0–20 m Area 1 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small rocky islet situated off the north coast of Tenerife, which hasno infrastructure and supports salt-tolerant vegetation.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (100%)



Columba bollii R 1996 Abundant — A1, B2, C1, C6Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon


Regulus teneriffae Tenerife Goldcrest R 1996 Abundant — B3

639


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaAccipiter nisus Sparrowhawk R 1988 Frequent — C6Columba bollii R 1996 Common — A1, B2, C1, C6

Dark-tailed Laurel PigeonColumba junoniae R 1996 Rare — A1, B2, C1, C6

White-tailed Laurel Pigeon


Columba bollii R 1996 Abundant — A1, B2, C1, C6Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Columba junoniae R 1996 Frequent — A1, B2, C1, C6White-tailed Laurel Pigeon


Puffinus assimilis Little Shearwater B 1996 20 — A B2, C6

The site is important for breeding Bulweria bulwerii. In 1996 20 chickswere observed, and more than 20 pairs probably breed.



Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (C)

A few incidents have been recorded of disturbance to breeding birdscaused by fishermen.

Santa Úrsula and A1, B2, C1, C6 362La Victoria laurel forestAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°24’N 16°27’WAltitude 700–1,400 m Area 1,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionLaurel Laurus forest that has been heavily exploited and is nowregenerating. Pinus canariensis forest occurs at higher altitudes,bordered by patches of terraced cultivation and Castanea coppice.Streams provide natural drinking sites. Human activities include thecutting of branches for use in tomato/banana cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub;heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Artificial landscape (arable land; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation), Introduced/exotic vegetationLand-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Tourism/recreation


The site supports both endemic Columba species, as well as endemicsubspecies of several forest passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None450 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape (La Resbala, 777 ha).1,350 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape (Las Lagunetas,3,800 ha). 400 ha of IBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (LasPalomas, 584 ha). 50 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve(Pinoleris, 181 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Selective logging/cutting (A),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Introduced rats Rattus prey upon the eggs and chicks of both Columbaspecies, with C. junoniae worst affected. Forestry practices destroy anddegrade the Laurus forest. Illegal hunting of C. bollii and C. junoniaetakes place. Various studies have been undertaken on the biology,distribution, ecology and conservation of the two Columba species.

Tigaiga slope A1, B2, C1, C6 363Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°22’N 16°35’WAltitude 725–1,450 m Area 370 ha

■■■■■ Site description

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub;heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arableland; forestry plantation), Introduced/exotic vegetationLand-use Forestry (*)

The greater part of the site (located in the north of Tenerife) is coveredby a laurel Laurus forest growing on steep slopes and amongst cliffs.

Introduced Pinus radiata is interspersed with Laurus at higher altitudes,and copses of Castanea sativa and exotic conifers at lower altitudes.


The site is important for both endemic Columba species, as well as forother laurel forest birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High370 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape (Los Campeches,Tigaiga y Ruiz, 691 ha). 370 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Tigaiga, 1,735 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Groundwater abstraction (C), Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Major threats are posed by forest fires and the presence of rats Rattusand feral cats Felis catus that prey upon Columba chicks and eggs.Additional threats include the cutting of branches for use in tomato/banana cultivation and illegal hunting. Groundwater abstraction limitswater availability, making birds vulnerable to hunters when theycongregate at the few remaining drinking sites. The area is a gamereserve. Various studies have been undertaken on the biology,distribution, ecology and conservation of the two Columba species.

Santo Domingo coastal cliffs B2, C6 364Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°23’N 16°40’WAltitude 0–100 m Area 7 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionCoastal cliffs with beaches and rock outcrops. The drought-resistantvegetation includes Limonium and Kdeinia.

Habitats Wetland (shingle/stony beach), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (100%)


The site holds an important Puffinus assimilis breeding colony thathas only recently been discovered.



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Major threats include the illegal poaching of Calonectris diomedeachicks, and predation of the eggs and chicks of seabirds by introducedrats Rattus. Several houses have been built on the cliff tops, resultingin concrete spilling over the cliff edge.

Garachico rocky islet B2, C6 365Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°23’N 16°46’WAltitude 0–77 m Area 5 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small volcanic islet situated very close to the northern coast of

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Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1990 40 50 A B2, C6Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 1995 Common — B2


Calonectris diomedea B 1996 400 — B B2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1996 2 2 A C6Apus unicolor Plain Swift R 1996 Abundant — B3


Dendrocopos major R 1996 — — — C6Great Spotted Woodpecker

Fringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1996 Abundant — A1, B2, C1, C6

Tenerife, with no infrastructure. It supports salt-tolerant vegetation,and an endemic Euphorbia species that is typical of semi-desertichabitats. Minor land-uses include hunting.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (100%), Tourism/recreation (100%)


The site is important for breeding seabirds, and as a roosting site forwintering herons.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None5 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Roque de Garachico,5 ha).


Threats Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Threats include disturbance caused by fishermen, boating and otherrecreational activities. A football ground on the main island isilluminated at night, causing Bulweria bulwerii and Calonectrisdiomedea to fall to the ground dazzled by the lights (‘Other’ threat).

Mountain of Agua, A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6 366gully of Los Cochinos andgully of Cuevas NegrasAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°20’N 16°49’WAltitude 250–1,200 m Area 800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionOne of the best-conserved laurel Laurus forests in Tenerife. Formerlycultivated areas have been invaded by scrub, and vertical cliffs supportcharacteristic vegetation. Human activities include the cutting ofbranches for use in tomato/banana cultivation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (scrub;heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arableland; perennial crops/orchards/groves; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry (*), Tourism/recreation


This site holds the most significant numbers of Columba junoniae onTenerife, and the main Puffinus puffinus breeding colony on the island.It is also important for other endemic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High800 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Teno, 8,064 ha). 800 ha of IBAcovered by Special Protection Area (Teno, 7,645 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Groundwater abstraction (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Introduced rats Rattus affect both Columba populations, especiallyC. junoniae. Forest fires (some man-made) cause habitat loss and affectbreeding species. Additional threats include open-air sports, illegalhunting and the clearing of tracks and roads. The area is a gamereserve. Various studies have been undertaken on the biology,distribution, ecology and conservation of the two Columba species.

Los Gigantes coastal cliff B2, B3, C6 367Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°17’N 16°53’WAltitude 0–600 m Area 1,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSea cliffs and large gullies on the north-west side of Tenerife island.They support typical rocky vegetation that includes endemic Limoniumspecies. Human activities include sport boating.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Marine areas (sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture, Hunting, Tourism/recreation (*)


One of the most significant sites in Tenerife for cliff-nesting seabirdsand raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High1,000 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Teno, 8,064 ha). 1,000 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (Teno, 7,645 ha).


Threats Aquaculture/fisheries (B), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (A), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Rats Rattus prey on the eggs and chicks of breeding birds, which arealso sensitive to disturbance caused by tourist activities (such as open-air sports), illegal hunting and fishing (for example, Pandion haliaetus).Several studies and censuses of seabirds and raptors have takenplace, and the local government undertakes monitoring of breedingP. haliaetus.

Tágara gully A1, B2, C1, C6 368Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°13’N 16°43’WAltitude 1,300–1,800 m Area 400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionOne of the most intact Pinus canariensis forests in Tenerife, located inthe west of the island. The forest and scrub cover a number of gullies.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (scrub), Rocky areas(inland cliff)Land-use Forestry (*), Hunting


The site is important for Dendrocopos major canariensis, Fringillateydea and other pine-forest species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High


Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk R 1995 5 7 A C6Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1996 Common — B2Columba bollii R 1996 Abundant — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6

Dark-tailed Laurel PigeonColumba junoniae R 1996 Frequent — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6

White-tailed Laurel PigeonApus unicolor Plain Swift R 1996 Abundant — A2, B3Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 Common — A2Regulus teneriffae R 1995 Abundant — A2, B3

Tenerife GoldcrestSerinus canaria Canary R 1996 Abundant — A2, B3

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Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1994 Frequent — B2, C6

400 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Corona Forestal, 40,545 ha).400 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Corona Forestalde Tenerife, 37,173 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Groundwater abstraction (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include forest fires, feral cats Felis catus and dogs that preyon some bird species, and groundwater abstraction. Water is privatelyowned and can therefore be sold. As a result abstraction limits wateravailability, making birds vulnerable to hunters when they congregateat the few remaining drinking sites. Diverse censuses and studies onbird populations have been undertaken (for example, Fringilla teydea,Dendrocopos major and raptors).

Vilaflor pine woodland A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6 369Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°11’N 16°39’WAltitude 1,450–2,400 m Area 1,750 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPinus canariensis woodland in the south of Tenerife, that are of highecological and floristic value. Spartocystus and Adenocarpus scruboccurs at higher altitudes.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; scrub), Rocky areas(inland cliff)Land-use Forestry (*)


The site is important for endemic forest passerines, especially Fringillateydea.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High1,750 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Corona Forestal,40,545 ha). 1,750 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area(Corona Forestal de Tenerife, 37,173 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C),Groundwater abstraction (B), Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

Forest fires (some of them man-made) are a major threat. Illegalhunting and activities related to forestry practices (cutting of branchesfor use in cultivation) adversely affect the habitat, and rats Rattusand feral cats Felis catus prey on birds. Various studies have beenundertaken on the biology and distribution of raptors, Fringilla teydeaand Dendrocopos major.

Arico pine woodland A1, A2, B2, C1, C6 370Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°13’N 16°32’WAltitude 1,400–2,200 m Area 3,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionPinus canariensis forest in the east of Tenerife, with Spartocystus andAdenocarpus scrub at higher altitudes.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest), Scrub (*; scrub), Rocky areas(inland cliff)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*)


The site is important for forest species, especially Fringilla teydea.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High3,000 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Corona Forestal, 40,545 ha).3,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Corona Forestalde Tenerife, 37,173 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Forest fires (mainly man-made) are a major threat. Other threats areposed by forestry practices that can cause disturbance and habitatdegradation, and illegal hunting. Studies have been undertaken onthe biology and distribution of raptors, Fringilla teydea andDendrocopos major.

Centinela mountain B2, C6 371and La Esquina plainAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°09’N 16°28’WAltitude 80–480 m Area 1,600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rocky plain located in the south-east of Tenerife, with some gulliessupporting drought-tolerant vegetation (Euphorbia).

Habitats Scrub, Desert (semi-desert), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


The site is important for steppic birds, supporting species typical ofsemi-arid conditions.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None132 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Montaña Centinela,132 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Groundwater abstraction (B),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (U), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include the presence of a main road and electric powerlinesand illegal hunting. Disturbance is likely due to weekend recreationalactivities.

El Médano coast B2, C6 372Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°02’N 16°33’WAltitude 0–171 m Area 1,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site encompasses a coastal area in the south of Tenerife thatincludes rock stacks, sand beaches and some coastal lagoons. Inlandlie sandy, rocky plains with deep gullies and cliffs. One site supportsdune-adapted vegetation, the only area of such habitat on the island.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaDendrocopos major R 1996 — — — C6

Great Spotted WoodpeckerRegulus teneriffae R 1996 Common — A2

Tenerife GoldcrestFringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1996 Abundant — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Abundant — A2, B3


Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1996 Common — B2Dendrocopos major R 1996 — — — C6

Great Spotted WoodpeckerAnthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 Abundant — A2Regulus teneriffae R 1996 Common — A2

Tenerife GoldcrestFringilla teydea Blue Chaffinch R 1996 Abundant — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Common — A2

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Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1993 6 — B B2Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew R 1993 5 6 A C6


Calonectris diomedea B 1996 Common — B2, C2Cory’s Shearwater

Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1996 15 — C B2


Calonectris diomedea B 1987 300 — B B2, C2Cory’s Shearwater


Columba bollii R 1985 Common — A1, B2, C1Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Columba junoniae R 1985 Common — A1, B2, C1, C6White-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Habitats Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (semi-desert), Wetland (*;sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff),Artificial landscape (arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture, Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Military, Tourism/recreation (*)


The plains are important for steppic species and the gullies supportbreeding raptors. The site is also important for wintering waders,especially Calidris alba, and is the last remaining breeding site ofCharadrius alexandrinus in the Santa Cruz de Tenerife province.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None166 ha of IBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (Montaña Roja,166 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (C),Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Extraction industry (B),Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A), Other (C), Recreation/tourism (A),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include high-impact recreational activities involving off-roadvehicles, urbanization and waste disposal, bird collisions with vehicles,the effects on birds of feral cats Felis catus and dogs, illegal huntingand nest destruction, the gathering of shellfish, and intensive goat-grazing. Other threats (above) are posed by military manoeuvres andpollution. Several ecological studies and censuses have been carriedout and a management plan is almost complete. A habitat regenerationprogramme for this area has been proposed.

Rasca lava fields–Guaza mountain– B2, C2 373Las Mesas plainAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°10’N 16°41’WAltitude 0–428 m Area 1,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA semi-arid landscape located in the south of Tenerife, comprisingvolcanic cones, lava fields, coastal habitats and arable plains. Thevegetation is mainly salt-tolerant and drought-resistant.

Habitats Scrub, Grassland (steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Desert (*; semi-desert),Wetland (shingle/stony beach), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Tourism/recreation


One of the most important areas left for steppic birds in Tenerife.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None315 ha of IBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (Malpaís de Rasca,315 ha). 726 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Montaña deGuaza, 726 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Disturbance to birds (U), Extractionindustry (B), Industrialization/urbanization (C), Infrastructure (C), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (U)

Various human activities are damaging and degrading habitats:agricultural intensification, mining, infrastructure development and

recreational activities. Illegal hunting also poses a threat. Amanagement plan exists for the Special Natural Reserve.

Majona coast B2, C2 374Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°09’N 17°07’WAltitude 0–611 m Area 170 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSea cliffs and rock stacks along the north-east coast of La Gomera,which support a typical rocky vegetation. Stony and sandy beachesare also present, along with a rocky intertidal shelf.

Habitats Scrub (scrub), Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach; shingle/stony beach), Rockyareas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site is important for breeding Calonectris diomedea, and is alsoused by wintering and passage waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International None70 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Majona, 1,757 ha). 40 ha ofIBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (Puntallana, 292 ha).


Threats Other (B), Recreation/tourism (B)

Pilgrims visiting a hermitage, and anglers can cause disturbance andgenerate rubbish. Shanties proliferate around the hermitage (‘Other’threat). Wintering censuses take place irregularly.

Step rocks of Hermigua A1, B2, C1, C6 375and AguloAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°10’N 17°12’WAltitude 300–1,034 m Area 450 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSteep-sided valley in the central part of La Gomera, with running water.Heath is present, in addition to exposed bedrock, inland cliffs and laurelLaurus forest. The site is adjacent to Garajonay National Park.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; heathland),Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Forestry (*)


One of the most important areas in La Gomera for forest passerines.



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Selective logging/cutting (B),Unsustainable exploitation (A)

The cutting of branches for use in tomato cultivation has a large impacton the laurel forest. Illegal hunting and predation by introduced ratsRattus and feral cats Felis catus pose major threats to both Columba

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Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1987 5 6 A C6


Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1988 50 100 B B2, C6Calonectris diomedea B 1987 300 — B B2, C6

Cory’s ShearwaterPuffinus assimilis Little Shearwater B 1987 Frequent — B1ii, B2, C2, C6Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1993 50 — B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1992 3 3 A C6

Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1987 2 — B C6

species. Various studies and conservation campaigns (SEO/BirdLife)have centred on the two Columba species.

Garajonay National Park A1, A2, B2, B3, 376Admin region Santa Cruz de Tenerife C1, C2, C6Coordinates 28°07’N 17°13’WAltitude 700–1,487 m Area 3,984 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe largest continuous expanse of laurel Laurus forest in the CanaryIslands, located in the central area of La Gomera. Other habitatsinclude heath and scrub, and exotic coniferous woodland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub;heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape(forestry plantation), Introduced/exotic vegetationLand-use Nature conservation/research (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


The site holds the highest numbers of Columba bollii in the CanaryIslands, and is also important for other endemic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High3,984 ha of IBA covered by National Park (Garajonay, 3,984 ha).3,984 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Garajonay,3,984 ha). IBA overlaps with World Heritage Site (Garajonay NationalPark).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Forest fires pose the most serious threat to the site. Additional threatsinclude rat Rattus predation, and the illegal hunting of both Columbaspecies, bird strikes on roads and with electric powerlines, anddisturbance from visitors. A management plan exists for the site.Various censuses, studies and conservation campaigns have beencarried out by the local government.

Vallehermoso coast C6 377Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°13’N 17°16’WAltitude 0–250 m Area 59 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSea cliffs and rock stacks along the northern coast of La Gomera.The cliff tops support grassland, Juniperus bushes and pine Pinusplantations. Human activities include livestock-grazing.

Habitats Grassland, Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape(arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (*), Fisheries/aquaculture, Tourism/recreation


The site is important due to the potential for recolonization by Pandionhaliaetus, numbers of which are increasing on the island.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High55 ha of IBA covered by Natural Monument (Los Organos, 154 ha).55 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Los Organos,106 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C)

Introduced goats can cause disturbance, but no other important threatshave been recorded.

South-west coast B1ii, B2, C2, C6 378of La GomeraAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°03’N 17°18’WAltitude 0–200 m Area 600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSea cliffs, rock stacks, small beaches and intertidal zones along thesouth-west coast of La Gomera (between Punta de la Calera and Playade Santiago).

Habitats Wetland (shingle/stony beach), Marine areas (sea inlet/coastal features), Rockyareas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*), Tourism/recreation (*)


One of the most important areas on La Gomera for breeding seabirds.The site holds the majority of the island’s population of Bulweriabulwerii as well as one of the main Puffinus assimilis colonies in theCanary Islands.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial250 ha of IBA covered by Site of Scientific Interest (Acantilados deAlajeró, 297 ha). 6 ha of IBA covered by Site of Scientific Interest(Charco del Cieno, 6 ha). 11 ha of IBA covered by Site of ScientificInterest (Charco del Conde, 11 ha). 50 ha of IBA covered by ProtectedLandscape (Orone, 1,788 ha). 140 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park(Valle Gran Rey, 1,192 ha). 250 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (Acantilados de Alajeró, 306 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Threats include the construction of a new airport and illegalhunting.

La Palma laurel forest A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C2, C6 379Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°44’N 17°49’WAltitude 100–2,200 m Area 14,800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large mountainous area in the north-east of La Palma with deepgullies, exposed bedrock, inland cliffs, laurel Laurus forest andagricultural land. There are few villages and roads in the area. Humanactivities include livestock-farming.


Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk R 1993 7 10 A C6Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1993 Frequent — B2Columba bollii R 1993 500 500 B A1, A2, B2, C1,

Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon C2, C6Columba junoniae R 1993 Common — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6

White-tailed Laurel Pigeon1 Apus unicolor Plain Swift N 1993 Abundant — A2Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1993 Common — A2Regulus teneriffae R 1996 Abundant — A2, B3

Tenerife GoldcrestSerinus canaria Canary R 1993 Abundant — A2, B3

1. Probably breeds.

644



Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 — — — B2, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Frequent — A2


Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1987 40 50 A B2, C6


Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1988 15 20 B B2Calonectris diomedea B 1987 300 — B B2, C2

Cory’s ShearwaterSterna hirundo Common Tern B 1987 2 — A C6Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 Common — B2, C6

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreen forest),Scrub (scrub; heathland), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificiallandscape (arable land), Introduced/exotic vegetationLand-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Hunting, Nature conservation/research, Tourism/recreation


One of the most important areas in the Canary Islands for Columbajunoniae. The site is also important for other endemic birds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial75 ha of IBA covered by Site of Scientific Interest (Barranco del Agua,75 ha). 600 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Cumbre Vieja,7,499 ha). 222 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape (El Tablao,222 ha). 450 ha of IBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (Guelguén,1,074 ha). 5,094 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Las Nieves,5,094 ha). 984 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Pinarde Garafía, 984 ha). 4,067 ha of IBA covered by Special ProtectionArea (Monte de los Sauces, Punta Llana y Pinar de Garafía, 4,067 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (A), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A),Groundwater abstraction (B), Intensified forest management (C), Selective logging/cutting (A), Unsustainable exploitation (A)

Forest fires (some man-made) pose a major threat. Althoughagricultural activity is on the decrease in forested areas, the cutting ofbranches for use in tomato/banana cultivation continues to have alarge impact on the laurel forest. Illegal hunting and predation byintroduced rats Rattus greatly affect both species of Columba. Partsof the site form a game reserve. Various censuses, studies andconservation campaigns have centred on the two Columba species.

El Canal y Los Tiles A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, C6 380laurel forestAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°46’N 17°49’WAltitude 250–1,800 m Area 511 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSeveral valleys that support the most valuable laurel Laurus forest onLa Palma. Located in the north-east of the island, the site also containsmixed (Laurus and Pinus canariensis) and coniferous woodland,exposed bedrock and cliffs. In the past, forests were intensivelyexploited, water-ways were channelized, and livestock-grazing andhunting took place.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; heathland),Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff; caves)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%), Tourism/recreation


One of the most important sites on the island for the endemic Columbaspecies. The site is also important for other forest passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High250 ha of IBA covered by Natural Park (Las Nieves, 5,094 ha). 511 haof IBA covered by Biosphere Reserve (El Canal y Los Tiles, 511 ha).250 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Monte de losSauces, Punta Llana y Pinar de Garafía, 4,067 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Recreation/tourism (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Predation by introduced rats Rattus adversely affects both Columbaspecies. Recreational disturbance and illegal hunting pose additionalthreats. The area is a game reserve. Various studies and conservationcampaigns have centred on the two Columba species.

Negro rocky islet B2, C6 381Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°49’N 17°46’WAltitude 0–100 m Area 1 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises a small offshore islet situated very close to the north-east coast of La Palma, and the main island cliffs. The islet supportssalt-tolerant and drought-resistant vegetation.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Tourism/recreation (100%)


The islet supports an important Bulweria bulwerii breeding colony.




Anglers visit the islet but with little impact.

Garafía rocky islets B2, C2, C6 382Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°50’N 17°58’WAltitude 0–80 m Area 4 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA group of three small islets and rock stacks situated off the north-west coast of La Palma, that support salt-tolerant vegetation.

Habitats Marine areas (sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Tourism/recreation (100%)


The site is important for breeding seabirds.


Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk R 1988 Common — C6Columba bollii R 1985 125 150 B A1, A2, B2, C1,

Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon C2, C6Columba junoniae R 1985 500 600 B A1, A2, B2, C1,

White-tailed Laurel Pigeon C2, C6Apus unicolor Plain Swift R 1996 — — — A2Anthus berthelotii Berthelot’s Pipit R 1996 Common — A2Regulus teneriffae R 1996 — — — A2, B3

Tenerife GoldcrestPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 — — — B2, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 — — — A2

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaAccipiter nisus Sparrowhawk R 1988 Frequent — C6Columba bollii R 1985 Common — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6

Dark-tailed Laurel PigeonColumba junoniae R 1985 Abundant — A1, A2, B2, C1, C6

White-tailed Laurel PigeonRegulus teneriffae R 1996 Abundant — A2, B3

Tenerife Goldcrest

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Columba junoniae R 1994 Frequent — A1, B2, C1White-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough R 1996 Common — B2, C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Abundant — B3


Calonectris diomedea B 1996 Frequent — B2Cory’s Shearwater

Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge R 1996 Frequent — B2Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1996 6 — A C6


Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch R 1996 — — — C6


Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Abundant — B3




Fishermen visit the islets to rest but with little impact.

La Caldera de Taburiente A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 383National ParkAdmin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°43’N 17°52’WAltitude 400–2,426 m Area 4,690 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area situated in the middle of La Palma, with deepgullies supporting Pinus canariensis and mixed Pinus and Lauruswoodland. High mountain vegetation, streams and springs are alsofound within the site.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (scrub), Wetland (river/stream), Rocky areas (inland cliff; caves)Land-use Nature conservation/research (*), Tourism/recreation


The site is the most important area in the Canary Islands for breedingPyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, and is also important for forest passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High4,690 ha of IBA covered by National Park (La Caldera de Taburiente,4,690 ha). 4,690 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (LaCaldera de Taburiente, 4,690 ha).


Threats Burning of vegetation (B), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B),Recreation/tourism (B), Unsustainable exploitation (C)

Introduced Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia can cause damage tohabitats, while other introduced species prey upon birds (e.g., rats Rattusand cats Felis catus). Forest fires and illegal hunting pose additionalthreats. The area is a game refuge, and there is a management plan.

El Roque coastal cliffs B2, C6 384Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 28°41’N 17°57’WAltitude 0–200 m Area 40 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small stretch of coastal cliffs and a rock stack that supports drought-resistant vegetation, situated in the north-west of La Palma.

Habitats Wetland (shingle/stony beach), Marine areas (sea inlet/coastal features), Rockyareas (*; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Not utilized (100%)


The site is also important as a possible breeding site for Pyrrhocoraxpyrrhocorax.


■■■■■ Conservation issuesHuman access is very difficult; no serious threats are known atthe site.

Ventejís mountain C6 385Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°47’N 17°55’WAltitude 650–1,100 m Area 870 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mountainous area surrounded by plains, situated in the north-eastof El Hierro. Scrub, heath and grassland are interspersed with smallwoods of Pinus canariensis and introduced P. radiata and Eucalyptus.Human activities include stock-farming.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest; broadleaved evergreenforest), Scrub (*; scrub; heathland), Grassland (*; mesophile grassland),Rocky areas (inland cliff), Artificial landscape (arable land; forestry plantation;ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*), Forestry


The site is important for endemic subspecies of various passerinesand holds the most significant Corvus corax population in theCanaries.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial750 ha of IBA covered by Protected Landscape (Ventijís, 1,143 ha).750 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Garoe, 927 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Afforestation (C),Extraction industry (B), Selective logging/cutting (C), Unsustainableexploitation (B)

The abandonment of livestock-rearing affects some species, such asthe carrion-feeding Corvus corax. Gravel-pits cause degradation ofthe habitat, and illegal hunting poses an additional threat.

Nizdafe plains B3 386Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°46’N 17°58’WAltitude 800–1100 m Area 2,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of mainly grassland, with some scrub and agricultural land,situated in the north-east of El Hierro. Human activities include stock-farming.

Habitats Scrub (*), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Rocky areas (inlandcliff), Artificial landscape (*; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (*)


The site is also important for Burhinus oedicnemus, endemic subspeciesof several steppic passerines, and as a feeding area for raptors. It isone of the most important wintering and passage stop-over sites onthe island.


646



Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer’s Petrel B 1987 25 50 B B2, C6Hydrobates pelagicus Storm Petrel B 1987 235 350 B B1ii, B2, C2, C6Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 1987 Uncommon — B2, C6Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern B 1990 1 — A C6Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1990 7 — A C6


Columba bollii R 1993 Uncommon — A1, B2, C1Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon

Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch R 1996 — — — C6Serinus canaria Canary R 1996 Abundant — B3


Calonectris diomedea B 1987 Abundant — B1ii, B2, C2, C6Cory’s Shearwater

Oceanodroma castro Madeiran Petrel B 1987 Uncommon — B2, C6Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1988 2 2 A C6


Falco tinnunculus Kestrel R 1988 50 — B B2


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Infrastructure (B),Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Several main roads traverse the area, causing habitat degradation anddisturbance to birds. Illegal hunting is also a problem.

Salmor rocky islets B1ii, B2, C2, C6 387Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°49’N 18°00’WAltitude 0–92 m Area 5 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA number of small rocky islets located to the north of El Hierro thatsupport sparse salt-tolerant vegetation.

Habitats Rocky areas (100%; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*)


The site is important for breeding seabirds, and is the second mostimportant site for Hydrobates pelagicus in the Canary Islands.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High4 ha of IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Roques de Salmor,4 ha). 5 ha of IBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (Tibataje,601 ha). 5 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Gorreta ySalmor, 922 ha).



Fishermen occasionally disturb breeding seabirds.

Frontera laurel forest A1, B2, B3, C1, C6 388Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°44’N 18°01’WAltitude 0–1,500 m Area 2,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large area covering parts of northern and western El Hierro. Heath,scrub and laurel Laurus forest are interspersed with exposed bedrockand inland cliffs that support rocky vegetation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (*; broadleaved evergreen forest), Scrub (*; scrub;heathland), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore; inland cliff), Artificial landscape(perennial crops/orchards/groves)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry (*), Tourism/recreation


The site is the only area on El Hierro that supports Columba bollii. Itis also important for endemic subspecies of several forest passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High1,400 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Frontera, 12,488 ha). 463 haof IBA covered by Integral Nature Reserve (Mencáfite, 463 ha). 500 ha

of IBA covered by Special Natural Reserve (Tibataje, 601 ha). 1,400 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (El Hierro, 11,980 ha). 900 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (Gorreta y Salmor, 922 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (C), Selective logging/cutting (B), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

The main threats are posed by the cutting of branches for use incultivation and illegal hunting. The local government has runconservation campaigns for Calonectris diomedea (1993–1996) andColumba bollii.

Western coast of El Hierro B1ii, B2, C2, C6 389Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°44’N 18°09’WAltitude 0–200 m Area 600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionWest-facing cliffs and rocky islets that form part of the El Hierrocoastline.

Habitats Scrub, Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*)


A very important area for breeding seabirds and raptors. The Calonectrisdiomedea colony is among the most important on El Hierro.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High600 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Frontera, 12,488 ha). 600 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (El Hierro, 11,980 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Threats include disturbance caused by tourists and illegal hunting. Atrack that traverses the IBA has recently been asphalted, making thearea more easily accessible by tourists. The local government ran aconservation campaign for Calonectris diomedea from 1993–1996.

La Dehesa grasslands B2, c7 390Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°44’N 18°08’WAltitude 300–1,200 m Area 2,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of dry grassland and agricultural land in the north-west of ElHierro, with a small Juniperus turbinata copse. Human activitiesinclude cattle-grazing.

Habitats Forest and woodland, Scrub (scrub), Grassland (*; steppe/dry calcareousgrassland), Artificial landscape (arable land), Introduced/exotic vegetationLand-use Agriculture (*), Tourism/recreation


The site is also important for steppic birds such as Burhinus oedicnemus,and is one of the two most important sites on the island for migratingpasserines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High

647


Habitats Rocky areas (100%; sea cliff/rocky shore; rock stacks/islets)Land-use Fisheries/aquaculture (*)


The site is important for breeding seabirds and raptors.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial30 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Frontera, 12,488 ha). 30 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (El Hierro, 11,980 ha).


Threats Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Illegal hunting is the main threat. The local government ran aconservation campaign for Calonectris diomedea from 1993–1996.


Calonectris diomedea B 1987 Common — B2Cory’s Shearwater

Pandion haliaetus Osprey R 1996 2 2 A C6

AGUILAR, J. S. (1994) Atlas de aves marinas de Baleares 1992. Pp. 9–20 in Trabajosen Aves Marinas. Documents Tècnics de Conservació, 23. Govern Balear:Palma de Mallorca.

ALBERDI, M., IZQUIERDO, A., RICO, L. AND SÁNCHEZ, J. A. (1996) Distribucióny problemática de las grandes águilas (Hieraetus fasciatus y Aquila chrysaetos)en el sector Suroccidental de la provincia de Valencia. Valencia, Spain:Conselleria de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente. Unpublished report.

ALONSO, J. A. AND ALONSO, J. C., EDS. (1990) Distribución y demografía de laGrulla Común (Grus grus) en España. Madrid: ICONA (Colección Técnica).

ALONSO, J. C. AND ALONSO, J. A. (1996) The great bustard in Spain: presentstatus, recend trends and an evaluation of earlier censuses. Biol. Conserv.77(1): 79–86.

ÁLVAREZ, J. ET AL. (1985) Atlas de los vertebrados continentales de Álava, Vizcayay Guipúzcoa (excepto Chiroptera). Gobierno Vasco. Bilbao.

AMENGUAL, J. F. (1996) Las rapaces del Parque Nacional de Cabrera.Pp. 311–315 in J. Muntaner and J. Mayol eds. Biología y conservación delas rapaces mediterráneas, 1994. Madrid: Sociedad Española de OrnitologíaMonogr. 4).

ARAGÜÉS, A. (1992) Estudio de la Alondra de Dupont (Chersophilus duponti) enla Región Aragonesa. Universidad de Zaragoza (Doctoral Thesis).

ARAMBARRI, R. AND RODRÍGUEZ, A. (1995) Informe sobre los Pícidos del PaísVasco. Gobierno Vasco. Unpublished report.

ARROYO, B. (1995) Censo de aves rupícolas en la provincia de Guadalajara.Consejería de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente, Junta de Comunidades deCastilla-La Mancha. Unpublished report.

ARROYO, B., FERREIRO, E. AND GARZA, V., EDS. (1990) II Censo Nacional deBuitre Leonado (Gyps fulvus): población, distribución, demografía yconservación. Madrid: ICONA (Colección Técnica).

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BALLESTEROS, F., BENITO, J. L., GIL, J. AND GONZÁLEZ-QUIRÓS, P. (1991)Situación y problemática del Halcón Peregrino (Falco peregrinus) en Asturias,1991. Consejería de Presidencia, Principado de Asturias. Unpublished report.

BARONE, R. AND EMMERSON, K. W. (1995) Distribución, estatus y característicasdel hábitat de la Terrera Marismeña Calandrella rufescens (Vieillot, 1820) enla isla de Tenerife, Canarias (Aves: Alaudidae). Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc.VII (2, 3, 4): 47–61.

BERGERANDI, A. AND ARZOZ, M. J. (1991) Censo de aves acuáticas nidificantesen Navarra. Servicio de Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de Navarra. Unpublishedreport.

BERNIS, F. (1980) La migración de las aves en el Estrecho de Gibraltar, I. Avesplaneadoras. Madrid: Cátedra de Zoología de Vertebrados, UniversidadComplutense.

BLANCO, J. C. AND GONZÁLEZ, J. L., EDS. (1992) Libro Rojo de los Vertebradosde España. Madrid: ICONA (Colección Técnica).

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BROTONS, P. A. (1992) Inventariación de la avifauna en las zonas húmedas dela provincia de Cuenca, octubre 1990–junio 1991. Consejería de Agriculturay Medio Ambiente, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.Unpublished report.

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2,000 ha of IBA covered by Rural Park (Frontera, 12,488 ha). 2,000 haof IBA covered by Special Protection Area (El Hierro, 11,980 ha).


Threats Agricultural intensification/expansion (B), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (B), Recreation/tourism (C), Unsustainable exploitation (B)

Overgrazing reduces vegetation cover and can result in soil loss. Thehigh density of feral cats Felis catus poses a threat to breeding birds,and illegal hunting is an additional problem.

Naos Bay–Hoya de Tacorón B2, C6 391Admin region Santa Cruz de TenerifeCoordinates 27°39’N 18°01’WAltitude 0–250 m Area 170 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA stretch of south-west facing coastline with sea cliffs and rock stacks.The cliffs support rocky vegetation. Human activities include fishingand sailing.

648


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