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Biotechnology Vocabulary Review. The Living Environment - NYS 2.2 – The student should be able to explain how the technology of genetic engineering allows humans to alter the genetic makeup of organisms. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Biotechnology Biotechnology Vocabulary ReviewVocabulary Review
The Living Environment - NYS 2.2 – The student The Living Environment - NYS 2.2 – The student should be able to explain how the technology of should be able to explain how the technology of genetic engineering allows humans to alter the genetic engineering allows humans to alter the
genetic makeup of organismsgenetic makeup of organisms
PB 09
Remember to wait for the vocabulary word to pop up at the end! Can you guess it before it comes up?
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired
characteristics to produce the next generation
Hybridization Hybridization
Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the
best traits of both organisms
http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/croptechnology2005/UserFiles/Image/siteImages/B73Mo17,hybridPlantsLG.gif
InbreedingInbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
PolyploidPolyploid
Having many sets of chromosomes
Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering
The process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/resources/crops/ag546-1/helixes3.jpg
Restriction EnzymeRestriction Enzyme
An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Gel ElectrophoresisGel Electrophoresis
A procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and apply
an electrical voltage to the gel
http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0140.jpg
Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA
DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/images/chimericDNA.gif
Polymerase Chain ReactionPolymerase Chain Reaction
Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene
For centuries, certain animals have been For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities. Dogs have been desirable qualities. Dogs have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very differently from one behave very differently from one another. This technique of producing another. This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known organisms with specific qualities is known as…as…
GeneReplication
NaturalSelection
RandomMutation
SelectiveBreeding
NYS Regents June 2008
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Which statement best explains the Which statement best explains the observation that clones produced from observation that clones produced from the same organism may not be identical?the same organism may not be identical?
Events in meiosis result in variation
NYS Regents June 2007
Gene expression can be influenced by the environment
Differentiated cells have different genes
Half the genetic information in offspring comes from each parent
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The flounder is a species of fish that can live in The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an very cold water. The fish produces an ‘antifreeze’ protein that prevents ice crystals ‘antifreeze’ protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of strawberry that is then spliced into the DNA of strawberry plants. As a result, the plant can now produce a plants. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost. This process is known damaging effects of frost. This process is known as…as…
Sorting ofGenes
GeneticEngineering
RecombinationOf
Chromosomes
Mutation bydeletion of
genetic material
NYS Regents June 2007
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How does altering the DNA of a peanut How does altering the DNA of a peanut affect the proteins in peanuts that cause affect the proteins in peanuts that cause allergic reactions?allergic reactions?
The altered DNA is used to synthesize changed forms of these proteins.
NYS Regents June 2007
The altered DNA leave the nucleus and becomes part of the allergy-producing protein.
The altered DNA is the code for the antibodies against the allergens.
The altered DNa is used as an enzyme to break down the allergens in peanuts.
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