BIOSTEEL SILK FROM MILK

PRESENTED BY:-

AMBUJ MISHRA {2008UBT003}

ANUBHAV SONI

{2008CBA006}

BTECH BT {A}

AND BBA {A}

GROUP MEMBERS:-

• AMBUJ MISHRA 2008UBT003

• ANUBHAV SONI 2008CBA006

• B.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY {5 SEM} “A”

3RD YEAR

&

BBA {IBM}

3RD YEAR [2010]

"This goat's milk represents one of the first transgenic food products that has the potential to really benefit human health," said Professor Jim Murray……

BIOSTEEL MEANS:

• BioSteel is a trademark name for a high-strength based fiber material made of the recombinant spider silk-like protein extracted from the milk of transgenic goats, made by Nexia Biotechnologies…

• While the attempt to put spider genes into goats and extract the protein from the milk succeeded, the project so far failed to spin it into the fiber. This and other biopolymers are being researched to provide lightweight, strong, and versatile materials

• The purified silk proteins are then dried, dissolved using appropriate solvents (DOPE formation) and transformed into microfibers using wet-spinning fiber production methodologies. The spun fibers so far have tenacities in the range of 2 - 3 grams/denier and elongation range of 25-45%. Furthermore, the "Biosteel biopolymer" has been transformed into nanofibers and nano-meshes using the electrospinning technique.

BIOSTEEL (A PRESPECTIVE VIEW)

• Biosteel is eco-friendly both in terms of its composition and it production process.

• Promising material for medical sutures and fishing lines.

• Aqueous production process is non polluting and environmentally friendly in contrast to the manufacturing of other synthetic fibre.

BIOPOLYMERS• Biopolymers are polymers produced by

living organisms.

• Cellulose, starch, chitin, proteins, peptides , DNA and RNA are all examples of biopolymers….

SPIDERS Spiders  => (order Araneae) Air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank

seventh in total species diversity among all other groups of organisms.

Spider have been around for 400 million years. Silk making machines Silk produced by spider differ according to its

diet. Most interesting of spider silk is dragline silk.

SILK• Silk is a natural protein fibre, some forms

of which can be woven into textiles.

SPIDER SILKSpider silk is an amazing material.Spider silk-light and airy.With stands immerse stress.Fibre is 1/10th the thickness of a strand of a

human hair.

Spider silk is a protein fiber spun by spiders. Spiders use their silk to make webs or other structures, which function as nets to catch other animals, or as nests or cocoons for protection for their offspring. They can also suspend themselves using their silk, normally for the same reasons.

The silk is produced by the silk glands in the form of a liquid with a molecular weight of 30.000. As one would expect protein and other organic molecules distribution differs for the various types of silk the spider produces. Before the silk is released from the spinnerets it hardens (polymerizes)

SPIDER SILK IN THE PAST Spider webs used by tribal peoples in the South Pacific

for making fishing lines & nets.

People in South east Asia make nets using the silk in spider web.

Spider webs used to stop bleeding wounds and to make waterproof clothing.

The protein make up of spider silk is two amino acids-alanine and glycine. The silk has 70 % glycine and alanine.

PROPERTIES OF SPIDER SILK• Spider silk incredibly tough and its stronger by

weight than steel {five times stronger steel of the same diameter}.

• Spider silk is a strong as Kelvar, the toughest man made polymer.

• Finer than the human hair.• Spider silk – very elastic and capture silk {sticky

silk for catching prey} remains unbroken after being streched 2 to 4 times its original length. Water proof than silkworm silk.

Toughest of silk - Dragline silk

FUNCTIONS OF SPIDERSILK FOR THE SPIDER:

Spider use silk for a variety of functions.• Swathing silk for the wrapping and immobilization of prey.• Ballooning which is used to aid the dispersal of young.• Egg sacs.• Mating.

GLAND SECREATING THE SPIDER SILKSeven different types of the glands found in spider. Achniform gland (swathing silk) Cylindriform gland (egg lay silk) Ampullate glands (non sticky silk) Pyriform gland (attaching threads) Faligelliform gland (core fibres of sticky silks) Aggregate gland (outer part of sticky cells)

DRAGLINE SPIDERS / SILKS

Nexia uses a type of spider silk called the dragline. Dragline silk is the fibre form which spider use to

make scaffolding of their webs. Dragline spider silk is actually stronger than Kevlar

synthetic fiber. Spider silk is extremely strong and tough and could

improve upon materials currently in use if it could be reproduced in a laboratory, in large quantities.

Spider silk is an extremely strong material and is on weight basis stronger than steel.

BLACK WIDOW SPIDER AND ITS SILK• Black widow spider is also known as dragline spider.• Dragline silk - One of 7 kind silk produced by an individual

spider.• Structural foundation of spider’s web.• Support the spider’s body as it moves around. • Super strong and stretchy, compared to most other silk.• Dragline spider silk is actually stronger than Kevlar

synthetic fiber.• Spider dragline silk is spidroin, a strong, elastic, waterproof,

stretchable, biodegradable.• However the silk obtained from the spider is very minimum

and also the culture of spider is very difficult. Hence the only way for getting more of spider silk is by TRANSGENIC ANIMALS.

BLACK WIDOW SPIDER OR DRAGLINE SPIDER:

SPIDER GOAT????

In the way came the transgenic goats that can produce SILK FROM MILK.

GENE RESPONSIBLE FOR SILK PRODUCTION IN THE DRAGLINE SPIDER

• Two genes are most predominant in producing the silk.

ADF – 3 GENE

ADF – 4 GENE

• The gene ADF-3 has much higher role played. • This ADF-3 gene is used in the transgenic goat

production.

• The steps entailed in TRANSGENIC GOAT production are followed.

Isolation of Gland that produces SILK from dragline spider

DNA LIBRARY of all the genes that are actively being used by that gland is done

SCREENING of SPIDERSILK GENE from the DNA LIBRARY

CODE DETERMINATION BY SEQUENCING

STEPS FOR TRANSGENIC GOATS PRODUCING ADF- 3 GENE…

SPIDER SILK GENE ISOLATED

INCORPORATION in to GOAT DNA(MICROINJECTION

Spider silk gene is inserted in such a way that it is expressed an MAMMARY GLAND (activated by the milk producing cell of the GOAT and thus TRANSGENIC GOATS produced

MILK WITH SILK is obtained from TRANSGENIC GOAT

CONTD 2...

TRANSGENIC GOATS MILKED

CENTRIFUFED (Silk proteins separated from the MILK liquid

Components in milk separated based on weight (fats & creams taken)

Remaining liquid contains solution of SPIDER SILK

FILTERATION

ISOLATION OF SILK FROM MILK

Filtrate (PROTEIN) dissolved in WATER BASED SOLUTION (WET EXTRUSION METHOD CARRIED OUT)

PROTIEN LIQUID comes out from the very small fine nozzle

HARDENS due to AIR

Hardened solid proteins are dipped in alcohol for further solidification and removal of excessive water

CONTINIOUS STRAND OF SPIDER SILK

Contd…

STRUCTURE OF BIOSTEEL

APPLICATION OF BIOSTEEL

FLY FISHING LINE: Ideal product for Nexia biotechnologist ltd. It is a strong, stretchy, very thin,&

biodegradable in water.

SURGICAL SILK: The first uses of BIOSTEEL in medical field

is microsurgery using super-thing biodegradable sutures.

For the production of artificial tendons or ligaments.

For haemostatic dressings (eye surgeries).

BODY ARMOUR:

Most difficult applications. Its being exploredof how to weave the

threads into fabrics, then design Armour: its potential enormous..

FUTURE REASERCH APPLICATIONSVisions of shoes and clothes.Stronger ropes, nets, seatbelts, and

parachutes.Rest free panels and bumpers for

automobiles.Improved sutures and bandages, artificial

tendons ligaments and supports for weakend blood vessels.

CURRENT RESEARCHS Hag fish excretes a thick slimy mucus from its

body as a defence mechanisms. Slime actually cointains some strong polymers

like to spider silk.

Recent research is going on for the production of polymers form the HAG FISH which will also be a remarkable achievement just as SILK FROM MILK.

HAG FISHHagfish are marine craniates of the

class Agnatha or Myxini, also known as Hyperotreti.

Some researchers regard Myxini as not belonging to the subphylum Vertebrata. That is, they are the only living animals that have a skull but not a vertebral column.

A hermaphrodite, which lays numerous, large eggs in a hard case. It is unlikely that these fish are self-fertilising hermaphrodites and need a partner to breed.

CONCLUSIONSIts incredible that a tiny animal found literally

in backyard can create such an amazing material by using only amino acids, the same building blocks that are used to make skin and hair.

Spider silk has dwarfed Man’s acheivements in material science to date.

BIOTECHNOLOGY: The wonder field has all potential to make impossible as possible which all depends on we the biotechnologists…

REFERNCES

THE HINDU- Science And Technology-dated June 14 2007www.biomimeticsfibre.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.sciencedaily.comwww.sciencedirect.comwww.answers.comwww.eurekalert.com

Thank You All…

Queries????

THANK YOU