DR JOHAN STEYLSENIOR LECTURER: VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, ONDERSTEPOORT

BIOSECURITY ON THE GAME FARM: HOW TO STAY CLEAN

INTRODUCTION• What is Biosecurity ?• Controlled diseases vs. the rest• International vs. National vs. Regional vs. Farm

✓ OIE (Office International des Epizooties/ World Organisation for animal health) (http://www.oie.int/en/)

✓ List of controlled diseases (DAFF) (https://www.daff.gov.za/daffweb3/Branches/Agricultural-Production-Health-Food-Safety/Animal-Health/disease-control/list)

PRINCIPLES of BIOSECURITY MITIGATION

1.Prevention of disease introduction

2.Prevention of disease spread

Prevention of disease introduction• Pre-introduction disease risk assessment (perceived vs. reality) e.g. HW

• Movement control (e.g. MCF, TB, FMD)

• Quarantine Diagnostic services and capabilities• Identification of animals• Trade with reputable producers vs. “Closed herd” principle vs. Speculation• Awareness and control of sources: Veterinarians, Workers (TB status / tapeworms),

Equipment, Feed and Water sources (river vs. borehole)

I’m +

I’m Negative

I’m PositiveI’m not sure?

Huh?

Prevention of disease spread• Movement control (multi-species camps, camp location, neighbouring risks)• Stocking density control (intensification - esp. contagious diseases)• Test and cull• Cleaning and disinfection (equipment, environment, carcass disposal)

• Vector and reservoir control (e.g. corridor disease in Buffalo vs. theileriosis in Roan)

• Treatment (e.g. wireworm, pasteurellosis etc.)

• Vaccination (NOTE: mostly registered for domestics only)

SPECIES DISEASE RISKS (immunisable)

Buffalo Haemorrhagic septicaemia, Black quarter, Botulism, Clostridial enteritis, Anthrax, Rift valley fever

Sable antelope Black quarter, Botulism, Pulpy kidney, Respiratory viral disease (PI3, BRSV), Anthrax

Roan antelope Respiratory viral disease (PI3, BRSV), Botulism, Anthrax

Wildebeest Pulpy kidney, Black quarter

Springbok Heartwater, Pulpy kidney, Clostridial enteritis

Giraffe Black quarter / malignant oedema, Botulism

Rhino (white) Black quarter / malignant oedema

Species and their diseases for which immunisation using vaccines should be considered(Red: Essential; Purple: recommended; Green: optional)

SPECIES DISEASE RISKS (immunisable)

Duiker (blue) Haemorrhagic septicaemia, Lumpy jaw

Kudu Anthrax

All wild felids and canines

Parvo virus, Rabies, Distemper virus

Eland, Oryx, Blesbok, Waterbuck, Zebra, Hartebeest, Impala, Tsessebe, Steenbok, Bushbuck, Nyala etc.

Low risk species for current immunisable conditions

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

Taenia multiceps

Gedoelstiasis

Cryptosporidiosis Salmonella etc.

Brucellosis

Tuberculosis

Parvovirus

GOLDEN RULE

Know your species associated disease risks&

STAY CLEAN !!

THANK YOU