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Biosecurity for Dairy Producers. Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M System College Station, TX 77843 http://aevm.tamu.edu. What is biosecurity? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Biosecurity for Dairy Producers
Angie DementExtension Associate for Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M SystemCollege Station, TX 77843
http://aevm.tamu.edu
What is biosecurity? Best management practices that prevent
infectious diseases from being introduced into a herd or flock.
Epidemiology of Disease
Epidemiology Study of the way disease is distributed in
populations and factors that influence or determine the distribution Exposure Immunity
Means of Transmission Direct
Susceptible animals come into direct or close contact with an infected, contagious animal
Indirect Animals come into contact with infected or
contaminated animate vectors, inanimate vehicles and environmental fomites
Routes of Transmission Aerosol inhalation Oral Reproductive Skin contact Blood
Sources Carrier/Reservoir Animals
Aerosol Droplets Nasal Fluid Ocular Fluid Saliva Manure Urine Milk Fetal Fluid In-Utero Genital Fluid Blood Carcass
Vectors Ticks Flies Mosquitoes Scavengers
Vehicles Instruments
Needle Ear tagger Tattooer Dehorner Nose tong Knife
Utensils Bucket Trough
Environment Soil Water Food
Exposures Susceptible animals
Mouth Nose Eyes Skin Teats Vagina Prepuce Transplacental Venereal Blood
Immunity
Definition Animal’s ability to resist a disease
Types Natural Active Passive
Vaccinations
Prevent disease Provide antibodies
Work with veterinarian Follow label
Dosage Storage
Needle usage
DiseaseRoute of Transmission
Common Symptoms Vaccine Treatment
Anthrax Oral, aerosol, bloodStaggering, trembling, collapse, terminal convulsions, bloody discharge
Yes Yes
Bovine Brucellosis Oral, reproductive Abortions, stillbirths, weak calves Yes Yes
Bovine leukosis Blood, reproductive Enlarged lymph nodes No No
Johne's Disease Oral, reproductive Diarrhea, weight loss, bottle jaw No No
Bovine Tuberculosis AerosolLesions in organs and body cavity, weight loss
No No
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Oral, reproductive Severe diarrhea, fever, abortions Yes Yes
Coronavirus enteritis Oral Dark green to black diarrhea No Yes
Cryptosporidiosis Oral Diarrhea No Yes
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Aerosol, reproductiveAbortions, cough, eye infections, genital infections
Yes Yes
LeptosporosisDirect, oral, aerosol, reproductive
Abortions, stillbirths, weak calves, fevere, decrease in performance
Yes Yes
Neosporosis Oral, reproductive Abortions Yes No
Parainfluenza-3 virus AerosolCough, nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate
Yes Yes
Rabies DirectAnorexia, hyperexcitability, altered temperment, death
Yes No
Salmonellosis Oral Diarrhea Yes Yes
FEAD Quick Facts
http://aevm.tamu.edu
Biosecurity Practices for
Dairy Producers
Disease Risk Assessment
Identify diseases and transmission Determine cost benefits
General Practices
Identify all animals Keep records Provide balanced ration Prevent manure contamination Prevent transmission
Bunks Milking Reservoir animals
Necropsy dead animals Carcass disposal plans
— Allen Roussel
Pre-weaned calves
Vaccination programs Dam Calves
Clean maternal lot Newborn calves
Removal 10% body weight Navel health
Separate calves Older animals Surface run-off
Milk Colostrum Waste-milk
— Derry Magee
Purchased Animals
Quarantine new animals Vaccination program Collect herd history
Replacement Heifers
Isolate Vaccination program Manure contamination Quarantine returning animals
Lactating Cows
Equipment Established herd vs quarantined/sick
Sick animals Isolate
Separate fresh cows
Dry Cows
Dry cow treatments Teat sealants Vaccinate
Not within 2 weeks of calving Separate dry and sick cows Balanced ration
Bulls
Test bulls Before purchasing Routinely for venereal diseases
Vaccination program
Semen Importation
Purchase from known sources Infectious disease programs
Know health history Monitor tanks
Product Safety
Culture New cow’s Bulk tanks
Limited access to storage facilities Alarm systems Sanitize tank
Premise Protection
Visitors Designated meeting area Limit number of visitors Disinfect
Visitors Trailers Vehicles Tires
Disposable clothing and shoes Keep identification No physical contact with animals
Owners Clothing
Disposable shoes Clothes
Footbaths Equipment disinfectants Mycotoxin testing Law enforcement
Security Lock gates Post signs Random security checks Good perimeter fences Secure facilities Clean storage facilities before restocking Reduce wildlife contact Inventory materials Secure water sources Monitoring system Stranger alert
Transportation Disinfectants
1 part bleach to 1 part water Wash/disinfect
Trailers Tires Mats Trucks
Cleaning crews Clean everything Remove debris Leave disinfectant for 20-30 minutes Dry completely
Employees Wash hands Report sick animals Check out keys Safety and security meetings Guidelines for home animals Travel from other countries
Foreign Travelers 48 hours Disinfect clothing No contact with cattle
If disease is suspected
Routine observation Early detection Rapid reporting
Contact veterinarian Report to TAHC
1-800-550-8242 Prompt quarantine Rapid response Quick diagnosis
Be prepared Emergency contact list Critical premises information
Lots Fences Storage facilities Site map
Disaster PreparednessPossible natural disasters: Disease outbreaks Floods Fires Hurricanes Tornadoes Winter storms Droughts
Possible Human Caused Disasters: Traffic Terrorism & Bioterrorism Power outages Explosions Hazardous material spills
AIC Plan Appendix off of local EM plan Determines what should be done before,
during and after disaster Works with both livestock and pets/companion
animals
List everything that must be done, and every person involved.
Use the AIC plan only as a guide. Don’t leave out details. Hold regular exercises. Communicate. Keep situation reports and activity logs of past
scenarios.
What are Foreign Animal Diseases?
Disease that is not currently present in the United States
Can be zoonotic
How can a FAD come into U.S.?
Natural
Accidental
Intentional (bioterrorist act)
Foot and Mouth Disease
Highly contagious Potential to spread
rapidly People not affected
Devastating Emotionally Economically Sociologically
Susceptible domestic and wild cloven-hoofed livestock Cattle Sheep Goats Domestic and feral swine Deer Llamas
Transmission Aerosol
wind Mechanical
people, vehicles, animals Biological
movement of infected animals uncooked or undercooked meat products
If an outbreak occurs Restrictions Quarantines Eradication
Slaughter of animals Proper disposal
FMD Outbreak in 2001 in Great Britian Delayed response
10,472 farms depopulated 4 million destroyed to stop disease 2.5 million “humanely” slaughtered Over $13 billion
National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense
Extension Train-the-Trainers Curriculum
National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense
Chapter 1...............................................................Potential OccurrencesChapter 2 ............................................................................Epidemiology Chapter 3 .........................................................Foreign Animal DiseasesChapter 4 ................................Emerging and Endemic Animal DiseasesChapter 5 ................................Biosecurity Best Management PracticesChapter 6 ....................................State Animal Diseases Response PlanChapter 7 ...................................................................Extension EM PlanChapter 8 ..............................................................County/Local EM PlanChapter 9 .....................................Media Relations and CommunicationsChapter 10 ..........................................................Teaching Effectiveness Chapter 11 ............................................................Curriculum Evaluation
Extension Train-the-Trainers Curriculum
Questions?