BiometricsIntroduction

1882

Soft Biometrics

Bertillon took measurements of certain bony portions of the body,among them the skull width, foot

length, cubit, trunk and left middle finger. These measurements, along

with hair color, eye color and front and side view photographs, were recorded

on cardboard forms.

By dividing each of the measurements into small, medium and large

groupings, Bertillon could place the dimensions of any single person into

one of 243 distinct categories. Further subdivision by eye and hair color

provided for 1,701 separate groupings.

Biometrics ModalitiesBiometrics is the science of verifying

and establishing the identity of an individual through physiological features or behavioral traits

� Physical Biometrics� Fingerprint� Hand Geometry� Iris patterns

� Behavioral Biometrics� Handwriting� Signature� Speech� Gait

� Chemical/Biological Biometrics

� Perspiration� Skin composition

CUBS MODALITIES

FingerprintsHand Geometry

Signature

Face

?Odor

Voice

Biometric (Pattern Recognition) System

ID: 8809Authentication

ID : 8809

Matching

S(T1,T2)

Database

BiometricSensor

Feature Extraction

BiometricSensor

Feature Extraction

Enrollment

B1=f(ID1) T1

B2=f(ID2) T2

S>T? YES NO

Paradigm Shift

Password on Your Fingertips

Pay by Touch Border Crossing

Bio PasswordsForensics

� Fewer feature points� Absence of singular points� Unknown orientation� Noisy (crime scenes)

Pervasive Computing

Privacy Personalization

Authentication

Passwords?

Biometrics?

Biometric Solutions

� Reliable authentication and authorization� Common measures authenticate the token/password -not the user � Repudiation problems can be resolved� Can provide negative identifications� Stop ID theft

� Biometrics cannot be lost, forgotten or stolen� Streamline use of multiple tokens and passwords

� Positive Verification (1:1)� Claim is made (username)

� Large Scale Identification (1:N)� No claim is made � Claim is not trusted� Prevent duplicate accounts

� Screening � Matching against a watch list

Comparison of Authentication Protocols

Cannot be shared

Non-Repudiable

Cannot be lost

Fingerprint

Face

Iris ..

Biometrics

(B)

Can be shared

Can be forgotten

Can be guessed

Password, PIN,

Personal knowledge

What you know

(K)

Can be shared

Can be duplicatedCan be lost/stolen

User IDs, accounts, cards, badges, keys

What you have

(P)

PropertiesExamplesMethod

Applications And Scope of BiometricsTechnologies Horizontal Applications Key Vertical Markets

Fingerprint Civil ID Government Sector

Facial Recognition Surveillance and Screening Travel and Transportation

Iris Scan PC / Network Access Financial Sector

Middleware Retail / ATM / Point of Sale Health Care

AFIS Criminal ID Law Enforcement

Voice Scan eCommerce / Telephony

Hand Geometry Physical Access / Time and Attendance

Signature Verification

Keystroke Dynamics

State of the Art

�Handling channel normalization�User habituation�Text and language independence

<1% FRR (Current Research)

Voice Verification

�Development of sensors�Materials research

No open testing done yetChemical Biometrics

�Developing offline verification systems�Handling skillful forgeries

1.5%(IBM Israel)Signature Verification

�Developing reliable models�Identification problem

4% FRR at 0% FAR(Transport Security Administration Tests)

Hand Geometry

�Improving accuracy�Face alignment variation�Handling lighting variations

10% FRR at 1% FAR(FRVT 2002)

Face Recognition

�Fingerprint Enhancement�Partial fingerprint matching

0.15% FRR at 1% FAR(FVC 2002)

Fingerprint

Research ProblemsState of the artBiometrics